Chapter 2 In the 1990s (490-499)

1. In the spring, the first month, the emperor of the Southern Qi Empire (the capital Jiankang) (the second Emperor Wu) Xiao Yu (51 years old this year) issued an edict to release 2,000 soldiers of the Northern Wei Dynasty who were captured in the battle of Gecheng (Tongbai County, Henan Province) The rest (refer to April of the previous year) were sent back to the Northern Wei Empire. 2. On the twenty-sixth day of the first lunar month, Tuoba Hong (24 years old this year), the emperor of the Northern Wei Empire (capital Pingcheng) went to Fangshan (Beifangling, Datong City, Shanxi Province).

On February 3, go to Lingquan Pool (north of Datong City). On February 4th, return to the palace. 3. The Didougan tribe (northeast of Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia) repeatedly attacked the border of the Northern Wei Empire. In summer, on April 7th, Tuobayi, the general of the Northern Wei Dynasty Zhengxi and Yangping Wang Tuobayi, repelled the Didou cadres and fell into the army.Tuoba Yi is the son of Tuoba Xincheng (Tuoba Xincheng, refer to March 457). 4. On April 27th, Xing Chan, an envoy of the Northern Wei Empire and concurrently serving as an attendant of Sanqi outside the establishment (and a regular attendant of Sanqi outside the establishment), arrived at the Southern Qi Empire to apply for employment.

On May 12, the Kumoxi tribe (in the upper reaches of the Xilamulun River in Inner Mongolia) attacked the border of the Northern Wei Empire, and Lou Longer, the defensive commander (capital general) of Anzhou (the state government established a square city) in the Northern Wei Dynasty repelled them. 5. In autumn, on July 5th, the Imperial Government of the Southern Qi Dynasty appointed Kuaiji County (Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province) Sheriff and Xiao Mian, Marquis of Anlu, as Governor (Prefect) of Yongzhou (the state government is located in Xiangyang).Xiao Mian is Xiao Luan's younger brother (Xiao Luan, refer to March 480).Xiao Mian attached great importance to civil litigation. When thieves and robbers were arrested, they were pardoned and released for the first time, allowing them to reform and start a new life;The people respected and loved him.

July 7th, amnesty. 6. On July 10, Tuoba Hong, Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, went to Fangshan. On July 20, go to Lingquan Pool. On August 1st, return to the palace. 7. The Khan (thirteenth term) of the Tuyuhun Khanate (Qinghai Province) passed away. On August 20, the Southern Qi Empire appointed Murong Fulianchou, the eldest son of Murong Du Yihou, as the governor of Qin and Hezhou, and sent General Zhenwu Qiu Guanxian to read out the personnel order and mourn the spiritual throne of the former Khan.Murong Fu Lianchou forced Qiu Guanxian to bow down, but Qiu Guanxian refused.Murong Fulian ordered people to push Qiu Guanxian off the cliff and fell to his death.

Southern Qi Emperor Xiao Yu generously rewarded Qiu Xiong, the son of Qiu Guanxian.The imperial edict said: "Your father is dead, and the bones cannot be found. You should contribute to the country without any scruples." It also involves the Confucian law of observing three-year mourning, so the imperial edict has this instruction.) 8. The governor of Jingzhou (the state government is located in Jiangling) of the Southern Qi Empire, Xiao Zixiang, the king of Padang, is brave and aggressive, has great strength, is good at horseback riding and archery, and loves military affairs. He personally selects sixty personal armed guards, all of whom are courageous, resourceful and capable; After that, they often hold banquets in the inner house, entertaining them with fine wine and beef.Xiao Zixiang secretly sewed brocade gowns and red short jackets, intending to send them to barbarian settlements in exchange for weapons.Secretary-General (Chang Shi) Liu Yin from Gaoping County (Overseas Chinese County), and military and political officer (Sima) Xi Gongmu from Anding County (Overseas Chinese County West of Nanzhang County, Hubei Province) jointly signed a secret report to Emperor Xiao Yu of the Southern Qi Dynasty.Xiao Yu issued an imperial edict ordering further investigation.Xiao Zixiang heard that the imperial envoy arrived with the edict, but he saw the imperial envoy but not the edict.Therefore, Liu Yin, Xi Gongmu, chief military counselor (consultant for joining the army) Jiang Xi (sound yu), dispatcher (signature) Wu Xiuzhi, Wei Jingyuan, etc. were summoned for interrogation.Liu Yin and others still kept the secret, Wu Xiuzhi said: "Since the imperial edict has been issued, we should consider the situation carefully and prevaricate." Wei Jingyuan said: "We should check first and then make a response." Xiao Zixiang was furious. Crazy, arrested Liu Yin and other eight people, beheaded them in the back hall, and reported the situation to the emperor's father.Xiao Yu planned to pardon Jiang Qian, but when he heard that they were all killed, he was furious.

On August 27, Xiao Zilong, who followed Wang, was appointed governor of Jingzhou. Xiao Yu was about to send Dai Sengjing, the magistrate of Huainan County (Gushu·Dangtu County, Anhui Province) to lead an army to attack Xiao Zixiang. Dai Sengjing reported to his face: "The king of Badong (Xiao Zixiang) is still a boy, and the secretary-general forced him too quickly. Ascension, without thinking about the consequences. The son of the Son of Heaven, manslaughter, what a serious crime! His Majesty sent a large army to the west, and people were terrified. I don’t know what will happen. I dare not accept the imperial decree." Xiao Yu did not answer, but he praised him in his heart insights.Then Hu Xiezhi, the security commander of the imperial city (Weiwei), Yin Lue, the guerrilla general, and Ru Faliang, the legislator of the Legislative Yuan (Zhongshusheren), led hundreds of guards to Jiangling to hunt down Xiao Zixiang and those jesters and little people around him. .Xiao Yu ordered: "If Zixiang puts down his arms, he is willing to return to the capital (the capital Jiankang), so that his life can be saved." Zhang Xintai, the county magistrate (internal historian) of Nanping County (Pan'an County, Hubei Province), was appointed as Hu Xiezhi's deputy commander. .Zhang Xintai said to Hu Xiezhi: "In this expedition, the victory will not be famous, and the failure is a great shame. Xiao Zixiang gathered a group of thugs, so he still obeyed his orders. Some were afraid of punishment, and some were greedy for rewards, so they couldn't collapse on their own. If we stop the army in Xiakou (Wuhan City, Hubei Province) and analyze the disasters and benefits to them, we can capture criminals without fighting." Hu Xiezhi refused.Zhang Xintai is the son of Zhang Xingshi (Zhang Xingshi's affairs, refer to July 466).

Hu Xiezhi and other troops arrived in Jiangjin (ten kilometers southeast of Jiangling County, Hubei Province) and built fortifications in Yanweizhou (west of Jiangjin).Xiao Zixiang wore white clothes, went up to the tower, and sent envoys to Hu Xiezhi's camp to make statements, saying: "The world is so big, how can there be any reason for a son to rebel against his father? I am not rebellious, but I am reckless. Now I will take a boat The small boat returned to Beijing and was punished for the crime of murder, so why do you have to send troops to arrest him!" The others avoided him, but Yin Lue came forward and replied to the envoy, "Who would talk to such a rebellious father and son like you!" Xiao Zixiang could only cry and cry.As a result, cattle were killed, wine was prepared, meals were cooked, and sent to the Central Army as a condolence.Yin Lue threw them into the Yangtze River and flowed away.Xiao Zixiang called to Ru Faliang, but Ru Faliang was skeptical and afraid, and refused to meet him.Xiao Zixiang sent someone to ask to see the imperial envoy who conveyed the imperial edict, but Ru Faliang refused to allow the imperial envoy to go, but instead imprisoned Xiao Zixiang's envoy.Xiao Zixiang was furious, and gathered the warriors he trained on weekdays, as well as 2,000 troops from the state government and the military headquarters, and headed west from Lingxi (unknown today); Stationed on the Yangtze River embankment.The next day, the coalition forces of the state government and the military command launched an attack on the Central Army. Xiao Zixiang shot with a strong bow on the embankment again. The Central Army was defeated and collapsed.

Xiao Yu then sent Xiao Shunzhi, the mayor of the capital Jiankang (Danyang Yin), to lead an army to reinforce him.After Xiao Zixiang won the war, he led 30 civilian attendants in white clothes, took a small boat on the Yangtze River, and went down the river to Jiankang.Prince Xiao Changmao is deeply wary of Xiao Zixiang, his younger brother.When Xiao Shunzhi set off, Xiao Changmao secretly ordered him to take decisive measures and never allow Xiao Zixiang to return to Jiankang alive.Xiao Zixiang met Xiao Shunzhi on the way and asked for permission to meet the emperor to appeal; Xiao Shunzhi refused, so he strangled Xiao Zixiang to death with a rope in the martial arts hall (at the age of twenty-two).

When Xiao Zixiang was dying, he wrote to his father Xiao Yu, saying: "My crimes exceed mountains and seas, and I was willing to accept the giant axe to kill. Your Majesty sent Hu Xiezhi and others to come, but he refused to declare the imperial edict. Instead, the whole army prepared for war and stationed The fortress is close to the south of the city and built fortifications to guard. I sent letters to call Ru Faliang several times, requesting to meet in civilian clothes, but Ru Faliang always refused. Some of the underlings were too frightened and provoked a fight. This is my fault. Therefore, On the 25th day of this month, I was alone. I hoped to return to the capital. I was allowed to stay at home for a month before I committed suicide. This will save the empire from the stain of killing the prince, and I will also avoid disobedience to my father. Notoriety. Since I can’t fulfill my wish, I will die today. As I write this letter, I’m crying and choking, and I don’t know what to say.”

Relevant units are requested to cut off Xiao Zixiang's relationship with the royal family, cut off the feudal fiefdom, and change his surname to octopus; the criminals involved will be convicted separately. A long time later, when Xiao Yu was visiting Hualin Garden, he saw an ape jumping up and down, stumbling, screaming and crying, and asked the left and right what was going on, and the left and right said, "Its son fell from the cliff the day before yesterday and died!" , couldn't help sobbing and crying, tears streaming down my face.Ru Faliang was severely reprimanded by Xiao Yu, Xiao Shunzhi was ashamed and frightened, fell ill and died.Xiao Yi, the king of Yuzhang, went to Shu, please collect and bury Xiao Zixiang's body. Xiao Zixiang is not allowed, and Xiao Zixiang's title is relegated: Yu Fuhou.

After the war caused by Xiao Zixiang, various military regions (Fangzhen) accused Xiao Zixiang of treason one after another. Yuan Rongzu, the governor of Yanzhou (the state government is located in Huaiyin), said: "We can't make such accusations casually. We can only say: 'Liu Yin and others have failed the country's grace. , Persecuted Badong King (Xiao Zixiang), the matter has developed to this point.'" Xiao Yu saw it and thought that Yuan Rongzu had a real insight. The central army set fire to the government building of Jiangling Prefecture, and the documents and files were reduced to ashes in an instant.Because Xiao Yu, the recording officer of the Supreme Command (Da Sima Ji Office), and a native of Nanyang County (Nanyang City, Henan Province), Le Ai, served as the staff of this state (Yongzhou) many times, he was specially summoned to ask him about the west (Jingzhou). Le Ai He answered fluently, Xiao Yu was very happy, appointed him as the administrator of the Jingzhou state government (Zhizhong), and entrusted him with the reconstruction of the state government.Le Ai repaired hundreds of state government buildings, all of which were completed soon, and did not recruit a single person to serve as a servant. The Jingzhou headquarters unanimously praised him. 9. On September 18, Ms. Feng, the Empress Dowager of the Northern Wei Dynasty, passed away (at the age of forty-nine).Emperor Tuoba Hong (24 years old this year) of the Northern Wei Dynasty did not drink a sip of soup for five days in a row, mourning and hurting his body, which exceeded the regulations of etiquette.Yang Chun, a judicial officer of the Central Superintendent’s Office (Central Cao) and a native of Huayin (Huayin City, Shaanxi Province), dissuaded him and said: "Your Majesty has inherited the great cause entrusted by his ancestors, and he has come to rule all countries. The responsibility is extremely heavy. How can he be like a commoner? Pay attention to the details, and cause the body to be hurt and fall to the ground! The civil and military officials are panicked and anxious, and do not know how to speak to His Majesty. Moreover, the etiquette prescribed by the saints, no matter how sad, cannot destroy human nature. Even if Your Majesty wants to Among all generations, they have created an unprecedented record of mourning, but they don’t know where to put the imperial ancestral temple!” Tuoba Hong was moved, so he ate gruel. Therefore, all the princes and dukes went to the palace gate to ask for a quick appointment of the empress dowager's burial time, according to the precedent of the empress dowager buried in the Han Dynasty and the Cao Wei Empire, and in accordance with the last words of the Empress Dowager Feng: after the burial, take off the mourning clothes .Tuoba Hong issued an edict and said: "Since the disaster came (referring to the death of Empress Dowager Feng), I have been punished, in a trance, as if it happened yesterday. I serve the coffin of the Empress Dowager, as if the Empress Dowager is still alive. Said Burial on time, I can't bear to hear it." In winter, in October, the kings and dukes continued to send requests, and Tuoba Hong issued an edict: "The selection of the burial date can be handled according to the previous regulations. As for taking off the mourning clothes early, I can't bear it." Tuoba Hong planned to go there in person cemetery. On October 4th, an edict was issued saying: "All the guards of honor (referring to the huge "big driver") that are usually dispatched are stopped, and only armed guards are left for temporary guard." On October 9th, Empress Dowager Feng was buried in Yonggu Mausoleum, Fangshan (Empress Dowager Feng's husband Tuoba Jun was buried in Jinling, Northwest Shengle, his former capital, because Empress Dowager Feng did not want to be buried with her husband). On October 10th, Tuoba Hong paid homage to the cemetery of Empress Dowager Feng.The princes and dukes repeatedly asked Tuoba Hong to take off his mourning clothes and change into ordinary clothes for the benefit of the country. Tuoba Hong issued an edict: "I will consider this matter separately." On October 15th, Tuoba Hong went to pay homage to Empress Dowager Feng's cemetery again. On October 16th, Tuoba Hong went to the west side of the Sixian Gate (South Gate of the Imperial City) to meet with civil and military officials and comfort and encourage each other.The commander-in-chief of the National Armed Forces (Taiwei) Tuoba Pi and others suggested: "We are all old, but serving the sage kings of the past dynasties is quite familiar with the precedents and old scriptures of the empire. When recalling the death of our ancestors, only the accompanying Only those in the coffin wear mourning clothes, and all other people still wear ordinary clothes. Gui, Tuoba Tao, the third emperor, and Tuoba Hong, the sixth emperor. Today, it has never changed. Your Majesty is filial by nature, sorrowful and painful, hurting your body, which has exceeded the requirements of etiquette. I heard that your Majesty eats three meals, not half a bowl. No matter day or night, he will not remove the hemp belt tied around his waist. We beat our breasts Hold your breath, restless. I hope that His Majesty will restrain the child's love for his mother a little bit, and abide by the old rules and regulations established by the previous king." Tuoba Hong said: "It is common to hurt the body when grief is extreme, and there is no need to be special. Emphasis. I eat porridge in the morning and evening, and I can barely maintain my physical strength. Why do you need to worry and fear! When my ancestors were alive, they concentrated on military expansion and had no time to pay attention to cultural education. Now I accept the lessons of the sages and learn the ancient norms. It is very different. The commander-in-chief of the national armed forces (Taiwei Tuobapi) and others are all the elders of the empire and the lifeblood of the government. Some of them may not be very familiar with the Confucian school classics and ancient funeral rites. Now you should understand my concept Regarding ancient and modern funerals, let me bring up the issues that are on my mind to discuss with the State Council executives (Shangshu) You Minggen, Gao Lu, etc., you can pay attention to it.” Tuoba Hong then asked You Minggen, etc., and said: "The ancient sages formulated the law of 'crying', and the procedure for changing mourning clothes in the future is to gradually reduce the degree of crying and take off the mourning clothes in stages (when parents die) as the mourning naturally decreases. In addition to crying in the morning and evening, children can cry at any time as long as they feel mourning. After the burial, when they return home to sacrifice, they only cry once in the morning and evening, and are not allowed to cry at any time. It is called "death cry". Three years of mourning, but the mourning hat can be taken off after one year, and the linen coat can be taken off after two years, and it takes two years and six months to completely remove it). Now, it is against reason to take off the mourning clothes within ten days. You Minggen said: "The Empress Dowager (Ms. Feng) ordered: bury one month after the death, and take off the mourning clothes immediately after the burial. We follow this instruction, so when the burial, please start to take off." Tuoba Hong said: "I found that the reason why the two Han dynasties did not implement the three-year mourning system was because the old king had died, the new king had just ascended the throne, the kindness had not yet been spread, and the righteousness of the subjects was not deep enough, so they had to wear the dragon robe. , Wearing the Pingtian Crown, held the enthronement ceremony. My virtue is certainly not enough, but I have been on the throne for more than one century (12 years in the first century. Father Tuoba Hong abdicated in 471, and it has been twenty years so far) , There is enough time to let the hundreds of millions of people in the country know that there is a king above. Under such circumstances, if you can’t express the sorrow and yearning of your children and grandchildren, and lose all human affection and ethics, it is really abhorrent." Gao Lu said: " Du Yu, a well-learned man of the Jin Dynasty (refer to the first month of 264), once pointed out that since ancient times, the emperor has not kept a three-year mourning. The system coincides with each other, although it seems to be modern, in fact it is following in the footsteps of the ancients, so we have repeatedly asked His Majesty to follow (Liu Heng shortened the mourning period, refer to June 157 BC)." Tuoba Hong Said: "I study the last order of the Empress Dowager (Feng Dowager) by myself. She wants to prohibit the mourning of the subjects and ask me to take off the mourning clothes early, but I am afraid that it may neglect the state affairs. The request of the princes and dukes, This is also the intention. Now I am obeying the Queen Mother's last order, following the wishes of civil and military officials, not daring to strictly abide by the ancient etiquette, keeping silent, and neglecting government affairs; only wearing linen mourning clothes and canceling ten Every day and fifteen days, I will do my best to mourn for my children and grandchildren. This is humanly feasible, so I insist on doing it. The comments made by Du Yu, for filial sons and daughters, or sincere A king who keeps silent is not a kind of slander!" The chief secretary of the Royal Library (Secretary Cheng) Li Biao said: "Ms. da) grew up, the mother was loving and the son was filial, and there was no estrangement at all (Empress Ma raised Liu Da, refer to 1960). Later, Empress Ma passed away (refer to 1979), and Liu Da took off his mourning clothes less than ten days after his burial. Liu Jin has not been ridiculed, and Queen Ma's reputation has not been damaged. I hope that your Majesty will abide by the last order of the Empress Dowager, restrain your grief, and accept everyone's opinions." Tuoba Hong said: "That's why I refuse to give up the linen mourning clothes. , reject everyone's suggestion, reallyIt is a piece of piety and willingness, how can it be just to avoid criticism from others!Now, I will be buried in a frugal and simple manner, and I will all obey the orders of the Empress Dowager, but the grief is in my heart, and I hope that the spirit of the Empress Dowager will not force me to change. Gao Lu said: "If Your Majesty does not remove the mourning clothes, but we, as subjects, do so alone, it does not show that our subjects have not fulfilled their responsibilities."And His Majesty, wearing a linen coat and presiding over the court meeting in person, was mixed with joy and sorrow, and I secretly felt doubts. Tuobahong said: "The Empress Dowager loves her subordinates, you are mourning and yearning, and you still can't bear to take off your mourning clothes, why do you want me to be cruel to my closest relatives alone!"I dare not disobey the legacy order, but only hope to wear mourning clothes for a full year. Although it is not completely in line with the ancient etiquette, it is still relatively close.Officials across the country should examine everyone's closeness, status, distance, and distance as the criteria for taking off mourning clothes; try to be as close to ancient rituals as possible so that they can also be implemented in modern times. Gao Lu said: "In the past, Yang Wangsun was buried naked, and Huangfu was buried without a coffin. , Yang Wangsun is a multi-millionaire, and he can get anything he wants. When he was dying, he told his son: "I plan to be buried naked. I will come and go naked. I will return to my true colors. I can't change my will. It is necessary to put the corpse into a cloth bag, and after it is seven feet into the soil, hang the cloth bag out so that my muscles are in direct contact with the soil." His son couldn't bear it, so he went to ask his friend Qihou, Qihou and Yang Wangsun After repeated debates, but Yang Wangsun insisted on it all the time. In the end, Qihou was also persuaded and buried naked. "Book of Jin·Huangfumi Biography": Huangfumi of the Jin Dynasty once wrote his opinion on the abolition of coffins, saying: "You can't protect seven people during your lifetime." Why use a coffin to separate the soil after death! Clothes dirty the body, and the coffin blocks the true essence. After I die, put on the clothes I usually wear, wrap the body with a rough bamboo mat, and find a wasteland , dig a pit to bury, and the bamboo mat is covered with soil. If not, I will be wronged and weep forever.” His son complied).Now, His Majesty personally accepts the Queen Mother's last order, but does not obey it, so we repeatedly offend the request. "Li Biao said: "'Within three years, if you don't change your father's major decision, you can be called a great filial piety. ' (Kongqiu language) Now, if His Majesty does not abide by the Queen Mother's last order, I am afraid that it will be misunderstood as changing a major decision. Tuobahong said: "The reason Yang Wangsun and Huangfumi advocated that is to teach their children to be frugal."As for being frugal, I am exactly that.As for changing Dad's major decision, it's not the same as what I'm doing now.Even if there is a connection, I would rather accept the sarcasm of posterity than grant your request today. "Civil and military officials came in one after another, saying: "The royal sacrifices in the spring and autumn should not be stopped anyway. " Tuobahong said: "In the past, the sacrifices of the royal ancestral temple (taimiao) were always handled by the competent unit.Only I, after being taught by the Empress Dowager, presided over the sacrifice in person. Now, the heavens have sinned, and humans and gods have lost their support (referring to the death of Empress Dowager Feng).If I go to sacrifice, I'm afraid it will go against their will. (According to the "Book of Rites": During the three years of mourning, no sacrifices are allowed.) The civil and military officials also said: "In ancient times, after the burial, the mourning clothes were taken off, and it was not necessary to wear them for three years.It is the laws of the Han Dynasty governing the country, and the principles of the Cao Wei Empire and the Jin Empire promoting politics. " Tuoba Hong said: "After the burial, the mourning clothes were taken off. It was probably in the end of the world, when there were too many turmoil, and had to be temporarily modified (for example, Sima Yan, the first emperor of the Jin Dynasty, took off his mourning clothes three days after his father Sima Zhao was buried. Mourning clothes, refer to July 266).Could it be that the prosperity of the Han Dynasty and the prosperity of the Cao Wei and Jin Empires were due to their simple funeral rites and their lack of benevolence or filial piety?In normal times, the officials often praised: In today's world, the world is peaceful, and the etiquette and music are updated day by day, which can be compared to Yiqi Fangxun (Yao), Yao Chonghua (Shun) and the two dynasties of Xia and Shang.However, today, they intend to force me to change my mind so that I cannot surpass the Cao Wei Empire and the Jin Empire.I don't know the reason for this kind of intention? "Li Biao said: "Although the politics is clear and civilized, there are Wu Kingdoms (Southern Qi Empire) who refuse to submit to the south of the Yangtze River, and barbarians (Rouran Khanate) who refuse to surrender to the north of the vast desert. , so we are afraid of accidents. Tuoba Hong said: "Ji Boqin (the first king of the Lu State under the Zhou Dynasty) wore mourning clothes and went out to fight (Ji Fa, the first king of the Zhou Dynasty, died in 1116 BC. Guan Guo, Cai Guo, Huo State and the barbarians along the Huaihe River rebelled against the central government. Ji Boqin was dressed in mourning clothes and joined the army with his father Zhou Gong Ji Dan. Refer to "Historical Records"); White mourning clothes dyed black, defeating the enemy Lay an ambush under Xiaoshan, and the Qin army was wiped out).This kind of military action is even approved by the sages. If there is an emergency, even if the ropes holding the coffin are skipped, they don't care, let alone take off the sackcloth mourning clothes!How can we neglect ethics and morals on peaceful days because of speculation about emergencies!Among the ancients, there was also a kind of king who, although he took off his mourning clothes, kept silent until the three-year period expired.If wearing mourning clothes is not allowed, I have no choice but to take off the mourning clothes, keep silent instead, and leave state affairs to the prime minister.Please choose one of these two things. You Minggen said: "Keep silent, the country's major affairs will come to a standstill, we understand the heart of Shengming, please continue to wear mourning clothes." "Tuoba Pi, commander-in-chief of the National Armed Forces, said: "Wei Yuan and I have served five emperors (Tuoba Si, the second emperor of Ming Yuan, Tuoba Tao, the third emperor of Taiwu, Tuoba Jun, the fifth emperor of Wencheng, and Tuoba Jun, the sixth emperor of Xian Dynasty). Wendi Tuobahong, the current emperor Tuobahong), the rules of our dynasty, three months after a person dies, they must sacrifice good gods in the west, and worship evil gods in the north, and they must wear ordinary clothes.It has not been changed since the 1990s (the reign of one emperor, Tuoba Gui). " Tuoba Hong said: "If you serve the gods in the right way, you don't need to be greeted by sacrifices, it will come by itself.If you lose benevolence and righteousness, you will not be able to welcome them.This kind of sacrifice should not have existed long ago (referring to the customs of the tribal era, which is not in line with the Confucian school of etiquette), not to mention that during my mourning period, I was in a position where I should keep silent (in ancient mourning, I did not say a word for three years). chatter.It's just that everyone insisted that I change my mind, and it turned out to be a situation of repeated debates, which made people sad. " Then he burst into tears, and all the civil and military officials also cried loudly and resigned. At first, Empress Dowager Feng was a little afraid that Tuoba Hong was wise and agile, and she was afraid that it would be bad for her, so she planned to depose him.Under the severe cold, Tuoba Hong was confinement in an empty house, without food for three days (he would be frozen to death or starved to death); Xianyang King Tuoba Xi (Tuoba Hong's younger brother) was recruited to succeed him.The commander-in-chief of the national armed forces, Dongyang Wang Tuobapi, the right executive director of the State Council (Shangshu Youpushe) Mu Tai, and the State Council executive officer Li Chong, stopped this conspiracy after repeated dissuasion.However, Tuoba Hong had no resentment towards Queen Mother Feng from the beginning, but he was deeply grateful to Tuoba Pi and others.Mu Tai is the great-great-grandson of Mu Chong (Mu Chong, refer to August 385). Once, an eunuch attacked Tuoba Hong in front of Empress Dowager Feng, and Empress Dowager Feng beat Tuoba Hong with dozens of sticks, but Tuoba Hong endured it silently without making excuses.When Empress Dowager Feng passed away, Tuoba Hong would not pursue it. On October 20th, Tuoba Hong went to pay homage to Empress Dowager Feng's cemetery again. On October 27th, Tuoba Hong issued an edict: "Because of the important affairs of the country, there are tens of thousands of problems every day, and they keep asking me to handle political affairs in person, but I am full of grief and longing, and I am unable to make decisions. Among the attendants, I used to be in charge Confidential ones are people with wisdom and strategy, and I can hand them over to them for the time being. If there are difficult and important matters, I will help them decide." 10. The governor (inspector) of Jiaozhou in the Southern Qi Empire (the state government was set up as a dragon), and Qinghe County (Qinghe County, south of Zibo City, Shandong Province) was a man of house law. He loved reading, and often excused illness and did not ask about state affairs.As a result, Secretary-General (Chang Shi) Voldenzhi was able to seize power, and made a large-scale transfer of personnel, replacing generals and civilian officials, without letting Fang Facheng know.Fang Jiwen, the confidential military counselor (recorder), reported to Fang Facheng, and Fang Facheng was furious, arrested Fu Dengzhi, and was imprisoned for more than ten days.Fu Dengzhi bribed Fang Facheng's brother-in-law Cui Jingshu with a generous gift, and Fu Dengzhi was released.Voldenzhi led a private army to attack the state government, captured Fang Facheng alive, and said: "Since you are sick, you should take good care of your illness." Fang Facheng was imprisoned in another house.Sitting bored, Fang Fa asked Fu Dengzhi for a few books to read. Fu Dengzhi said, "You need to be quiet. What should you do if you get sick? How can you read books!" He was not allowed to give books.Then he reported to the central government: Fang Fa suffered a heart attack and was incapable of working. On November 21, the central government appointed Vodden as governor of Jiaozhou.On his way back to Beijing, Fang Facheng walked to Nanling and died. On December 16th, Emperor Xiao Yu of the Southern Qi Dynasty named his prince Xiao Zijian the King of Eastern Hunan. 11. At first, Xiao Daocheng, the first emperor of the Southern Qi Empire (Gao Di), thought that there was too little money in the south and planned to mint a lot of money.In 482, Kong Shangshu, who was "invited by the court" (specially allowed to participate in the imperial meeting report), believed: "The exchange of food and goods is a natural trend. Li Kui (a scholar of the Wei State Legalist School in the Warring States Period) once said: 'The expensive food hurts the people, and the cheap food hurts the farmers.' Regardless of high or low, the harm caused is exactly the same. Three Wu (Taihu Lake Basin and Qiantang River Basin), which are the fundamental areas of the empire, have been flooded for years, but the price of rice has not risen. It is only because the amount of money in the world is too small, not because the price of grain is too low. , we must pay special attention. "The disadvantage of minting money is that the weight is different, and it is always changing. If the money is too heavy, it will be difficult to carry; but if it is difficult to carry, it will cause little disaster for people. The disaster is serious. Once people engage in forgery, no strict law can stop it, because the government refuses to add enough copper to make it valuable. The government cherishes copper, and the smelting is not precise, because they think that money is Useless things, as long as they can be used as a medium of exchange, the lighter the weight the better, the more the better, and the less cost the better, never considering its sequelae. "The people's pursuit of profit is like water flowing downhill. Now, to lure the people to pursue high profits (stealing castings), but to punish the people who pursue high profits with severe punishments is to encourage them to break the law and put them to death. It is the original intention of the government. When the Western Han Dynasty rose (the 1990s), the money was light, and the people forged a lot. It was not until the 1980s that the disadvantages were corrected, and five baht coins were minted separately (refer to the previous article In 18 years), the surrounding protruded, making it impossible for people to grind copper shavings (at the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, "half two money" and "pod money" were popular, with characters on one side and patterns on the other. For the copper shavings that were dropped, another coin was cast. The five baht coin has a convex edge, which makes it impossible for people to grind the copper shavings). and enhance the quality of the effect. "The status of the king is high, so you don't have to worry about the lack of copper in the money, or the lack of fine workmanship. As long as the people are not profitable, the stealing and casting will naturally disappear. Liu Yilong (the third emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty) cast four baht coins, and by 465 , the weight of the money is lighter, although the surrounding area is also raised, but the smelting is not hot enough, and the trend of stealing and casting has returned, which cannot be banned (refer to September of that year). This is the result of not being able to fully use copper and smelting sloppily. If the weight cannot be moderate, it is better to choose the more important than the light. Since the Western Han Dynasty cast five baht coins until Liu Yilong, it lasted for five hundred years. The dynasty government has been up and down, but has always maintained the "five baht" unchanged. It can be explained that its weight is appropriate and the transaction is convenient. "We investigated and found that modern coins are written with 'five baht', but the weight is often insufficient. Since Liu Yilong cast four baht coins, and did not prohibit the people from cutting the edge, knocking and destroying it, it became a disaster, and the accumulated evils have spread to this day. It is not sad. The Jin Empire never minted coins, only used the old money from the past. Later, through thieves, civil uprisings, wars, floods, fires, etc., it was worn out, lost, buried, and destroyed. It lost a lot every year, like a stone being ground every day, and it cannot be seen It will be reduced, but it will be worn out one day. How can the number of coins in the world not be exhausted! If the coins are exhausted, all scholars, farmers, businessmen and commerce will be unemployed, and how can the people survive! "I foolishly believe that the old system should be restored, and the government should mint a large number of coins, weighing five baht, completely following the method of the Western Han Dynasty. When the coins minted by the government are widely circulated among the people, people must be strictly prohibited from destroying them; , Small, incomplete, broken, and without convex edges are all prohibited. For the coins minted by the government, if there are small and non-standard coins, the weight should be found out, collected together, destroyed, recast into standard large coins, and then returned. This will not only benefit the poor, but also prevent evil people from committing crimes. Once the coins and goods are balanced, the prices are the same, and the people are content with their careers. No matter the market or the road, there will be no disputes, and clothing, food, and can increase prosperity.” Xiao Daocheng agreed and ordered the state governments to purchase large quantities of coal and brass in order to start making money.Unfortunately, Xiao Daocheng passed away, and the matter was shelved. This year, Yizhou (state government Chengdu) executive officer (acting) Liu Yushangshu said: "Under Mengshan, there is a 'Yan Dao Copper Mountain', which is a place where money was cast in the past, and can be used." (Yan Dao County Tongshan is the Tongshan that was rewarded by Liu Heng, the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, to Deng Tong for casting coins. Refer to 175 years ago) Emperor Xiao Yu of the Southern Qi Dynasty approved and sent people to Shu (Sichuan Province) to cast coins.Soon, it stopped because of too much expenditure. Ever since the first emperor Xiao Daocheng ordered the reorganization of household registration (refer to February 480), to the current emperor (second term) Xiao Yu, the traitors and criminals who were relegated to the banks of the Huaihe River and served as troops have complained a lot.This year, Xiao Yu issued an edict: "Criminals before 477 are allowed to restore their household registration according to their own wishes. All those who were relegated to the frontier to serve in the army will be released, and each will return to his hometown. If he commits a crime again in the future, he will be severely punished." Changsha King (Prestige King) Xiao Huang (the son of the first Emperor Xiao Daocheng) passed away (at the age of 31). Minister of Civil Affairs of the State Council (Shangshu of the Ministry of Officials) Wang Yan fell ill and petitioned to resign.Xiao Yu planned to order Xiao Luan, Marquis of Xichang, to take over Wang Yan's post, and wrote a note to ask for Wang Yan's opinion.Wang Yan replied: "Xiao Luan has more than enough talents, but he is not familiar with the rich and powerful families (since the Cao Wei Empire in the third century, the appointment of officials is only based on family background), so I am afraid that he is not suitable for this job." Xiao Yu stopped. 12. The Imperial Government of the Southern Qi Dynasty appointed King Mou Da (the 24th King of Dongcheng) of the Baekje Kingdom (the capital of Woongjin) as the General of Zhendong and the King of Baekje. 13. King Gaoche (North of Turpan City, Xinjiang) Afuzhiluo and his prince Afuqiongqi sent envoys to the Northern Wei Empire, requesting to take the place of the emperor to fight against Zhuzhu (sound ru. The Northern Wei Dynasty was neither able to destroy Rouran nor stop it. In the mid-fifth century, after gnashing their teeth in the southward invasion, the "Spiritual Victory Method" was adopted, and the third Taiwu Emperor Tuoba Tao ordered to change "Rouran" to "Worm", describing the people in Rouran as stupid and ignorant, like maggots. Therefore, " There is no "rouran" in Weishu, but only "crawling", Sima Guang restored it, but there are occasional omissions, so that the above titles are occasionally inconsistent).Tuobahong, Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, rewarded them with embroidered jackets, trousers, armor and one hundred bolts of silk and satin of various colors. 1. In spring, on the eighth day of the first lunar month, the emperor (the second Wu Emperor) Xiao Yu (52 years old) of the Southern Qi Empire (capital Jiankang) went to the southern suburbs of the capital to worship the gods. 2. On the twenty-fourth day of the first lunar month (the original text is "Dingmao", modified according to "Northern History Wei Gaozu Ji"), Tuoba Hong, the emperor of the Northern Wei Empire (the capital of Pingcheng) (the seventh Emperor Xiaowen) (25 years old this year) In the East Room of Huangxin Hall (Huangxin East Hall) began to deal with state affairs (about four months since the death of Empress Dowager Feng). 3. Southern Qi Emperor Xiao Yu issued an edict to stipulate the sacrifices of the four seasons in the royal ancestral temple: Xiao Chengzhi (the father of the first emperor Xiao Daocheng, posthumously named Emperor Xuan) enshrined bread cakes and duck porridge in front of the tablet.陈道正（一任帝萧道成的娘亲·谥号孝皇后）牌位前供奉嫩笋、鸭蛋。一任帝（高帝）萧道成牌位前供奉肉酱、酸菜汤。萧道成正妻（昭皇后）刘智容牌位前供奉清茶、散子（类似麻花）、烤鱼；都是他们生前喜爱吃的食物。 萧赜做梦，梦见老爹萧道成对他说：“宋国（南宋帝国）那些皇帝，常挤到皇家祖庙里向我讨饭，你可以另找一个地方祭祀我。”萧赜遂命豫章王萧嶷的正妻庾女士，于春夏秋冬四季，在清溪故宅（萧家故居）祭祀祖父母、父母。祭祀时用的肉和穿衣服，都用家人间的礼节。 Sima Guang said: 从前，屈到最喜爱吃菱角，他的儿子屈建却从祭桌上把菱角撤除；只因认为不可以因私人的嗜好破坏礼教。（《国语》：屈到喜爱吃菱角，病重时，特别吩咐：“祭祀我的时候，一定要用菱角。”屈到死后，家人准备供上菱角，屈到的儿子屈建反对，说：“国君的祭品用牛，国务官的祭品用羊，普通官员的祭品用猪狗，平民的祭品用鱼。其他肉酱肉干之类，则不分等级。不应有特别的食物，也不应有奢侈的东西，不可以因私人的嗜好，破坏礼教。”）何况，儿子当皇帝，却用平民的礼节，祭祀他的老爹，对礼教更是过分违背。卫郑（春秋时代卫国二十四任国君成公）打算祭祀姒相（夏王朝五任帝），国务官宁俞尚且认为不当。（《左传》〈前六二九年〉：卫国迁都帝丘，国君卫郑，梦见卫国开国祖先姬封说：“姒相强夺我的祭品。”卫郑命另外祭祀姒相。宁俞反对，说：“鬼神对不是他家人的祭祀不会接受。杞国、郐国都是夏王朝的后裔，他们的国君干什么事？姒相已很久不被祭祀，不是我们卫国的罪过，不可以超出中央政府规定祭祀的范围。”）何况又降了一等，在私宅中祭祀祖父母、父母，而更使庶子的妻子主持！ Bo Yang said: 古代因为相信人死了之后，鬼魂还在，所以才有祭祀。把祭祀纳入一个规范，免得失于奢侈、轻佻、残忍，所以才有祭礼，一切都是为了使世上的人和阴间的鬼，过得安适欣喜。 在祭案摆上菱角，竟然因违犯祭礼而强行撤除，不过是屈到的鬼魂倒霉，望着好吃的东西，被忤逆的儿子端走，顶多流流口水而已。而卫郑的老祖宗姬封，可严重得多；他的饮食被姒相抢走，当他盼望子孙分一碗饭给姒相，免得他再来抢夺时，子孙之一的宁俞，却出来阻挠，拍巴掌说：“姒相没饭吃，不是我们的过错。他们姒家的子孙干什么！”于是，老祖宗只好长期处于饥饿状态。二十世纪二〇年代开始，中国人开始觉醒，认为“礼教吃人”。看了屈到和姬封悲惨的遭遇，礼教还吃鬼。 司马光对萧赜用“家人礼”祭祀老爹萧道成，严厉责备。因为萧道成的儿子当了皇帝，遂不能用平民的礼节。从这种责备可分析出官场文化本质上是势利眼文化。一个人一旦当了官，就必须端起架子、摆起谱。当了领袖，如皇帝之类，就更要大变。如果不变，儒家学派的礼教先饶不了他。只因萧道成是皇帝，所以，他就不同凡品，庶子的正妻就连在家祭祀的权力都被剥夺。 社会上固必须有一个运转规范。但这规范一旦僵固到使老祖宗挨饿，势利到一当官就变形。这个规范就是一种非人性的、阻碍自由心灵发展的桎梏。 4、最初，北魏帝拓跋宏征召吐谷浑汗国（青海省）可汗（十四任）慕容伏连筹到京师（首都平城）朝见，慕容伏连筹声称有病，拒绝；并且整修洮阳（甘肃省临潭县）、泥和（临潭县东）二城，驻军布防。 二月十二日，北魏帝国枹罕镇（甘肃省临夏市）防守司令（镇将）长孙百年请求攻击两城，拓跋宏批准。 5、南齐帝国顾问院（集书省）总顾问长（散骑常侍）裴昭明、高级事务顾问官（散骑侍郎）谢竣，前往北魏帝国吊唁冯太后之丧，准备穿平常官服祭祀。北魏帝国外宾接待官（主客）说：“吊丧有一定的礼节，怎么可以穿大红大紫的喜庆服装，走进悲痛哀伤的祭堂？”裴昭明等说：“这是本国的官服，我不敢改变。”来往谈判很多次，裴昭明等坚持不换。北魏帝拓跋宏，命国务院执行官（尚书）李冲遴选饱学之士，跟裴昭明等辩论；李冲推荐国史编撰官（著作郎）、上谷郡（河北省怀来县）人成淹。裴昭明等说：“贵国不准外国使节穿他们本国官服，出于哪一部经典？”成淹说：“喜事和丧事，不能同时并存。身穿羔羊袍，头戴乌纱帽，绝不可以前去吊丧，连三岁孩子都知道。从前，季孙行父（春秋时代鲁国国务官）前往晋国，特别学习丧礼，（《左传》〈前六二一年〉：季孙行父前往晋国访问，特别学习吊丧的礼节。仆人怀疑说：“什么时候派上用场？”季孙行父说：“准备它，不见得一定要用它，是古人留给我们最好的教训。万一用得着却没有准备，将使我们陷于困境。充分准备，有什么害处。”）而阁下从长江以南，远道前来我国吊丧，还问出于哪本经典！一个使节的成功或失败，怎么相差得如此之远？”裴昭明说：“两国交往所用的礼仪，应该平等。我国高帝（一任帝萧道成）逝世时，贵国派李彪前来吊唁，并没有穿白色丧服，我国也并不认为有什么不妥当（事实上李彪是访问，不是吊丧，不过恰巧赶上萧道成逝世），为什么今天却对我施加压力！”成淹说：“贵国君王（指南齐二任帝萧赜），不能严格的遵守'凉阴'——闭口不言的丧礼。把老爹下葬后，只过了一个月，丧礼即行结束。李彪抵达贵国时，贵国上自君王，下至官属，身上佩戴的宝玉，满庭作响；貂尾、黄金首饰，闪闪发光，使人眼花缭乱。李彪如果不被主人批准，他怎么敢换上丧服，走入人群？我们皇上（拓跋宏）仁爱孝顺，媲美圣明的姚重华（虞舜），在守丧期间，居住平房，饮食稀粥，岂能用这里跟那里相比？”裴昭明说：“夏、商、周三代，制度礼仪，都不相同，谁能判断谁是好是坏？”成淹说：“这么说，姚重华、子武丁（商王朝二十三任帝高宗）服三年之丧，全都错误了？”裴昭明、谢竣互相望了一眼，笑说：“批评别人孝行的人，心目中没有爹娘，我们怎敢如此！”遂解释说：“我们前来贵国的时候，只携带短袄短裤罩甲，都是武官的服装，不可穿来吊丧，只有请主人借给我们丧服。但是，这却违反本国的命令，回去之后，一定会被定罪。”成淹说：“假如贵国有人才的话，你们出使外国，行动恰当，将有厚重的赏赐。如果没有人才，你们出来，增加国家的荣耀，纵使受到处罚，又有什么关系！这件事自应有优良的史学家把它记载下来。”遂把衣帽借给裴昭明等，让他们完成使命。 二月二十六日，成淹引导裴昭明等晋见拓跋宏，文武官员在侧，全体大哭，尽情哀痛。拓跋宏嘉勉成淹的渊博，升任他当顾问署（集书省）散骑顾问官，赏赐绸缎一百匹。裴昭明，是裴骃的儿子（裴骃，是裴松之的儿子，以注解《史记》闻名于世）。 6、南齐帝国始兴王（简王）萧鉴（一任帝萧道成子）逝世（年二十一岁）。 7、三月十二日，北魏帝拓跋宏祭拜嫡祖母冯太后的墓园（永固陵）。 夏季，四月一日，在太和庙呈献祭品，拓跋宏开始吃一点蔬菜，追怀伤感，哀哀痛哭，终日不进一餐（太和庙即太和殿，是冯太后主政之处）。高级咨询官（侍中）冯诞等劝阻，拓跋宏过了一夜，第二天才进饮食。 四月二日，拓跋宏下诏，停止早晚各哭一次仪式。 四月三日，拓跋宏再往方山（山西省大同市北方岭），祭拜冯太后墓园。 北魏帝国从正月开始，到四月十一日，一直没有下雨。有关单位请皇帝向百神祈祷，拓跋宏说：“子天乙（商王朝一任帝成汤）遇到旱灾，因诚心诚意，感动上苍，才降下甘霖，并不在于是否哀求山川神灵。而今，天下人民丧失国母（冯太后），无论是阴间或阳世，同感哀悼，怎么在四季还没有过完（不到一年），就去祭祀祈祷！只有反省自责，等待天赐惩罚。” 8、四月十二日，北魏帝国编制外散骑侍从官（员外散骑常侍）李彪等前往南齐帝国报聘。南齐帝萧赜特为他摆设宴席，乐队伴奏，盛大接待。李彪推辞乐队伴奏，声明说：“我的君王（拓跋宏）有无限孝思，找回从前君王遗失的典章，恢复过去被曲解误会的制度，而遵守三年之丧。上月（三月）三十日，政府官员才脱下丧服，但仍穿素色衣裳办公，所以我不敢接受乐队伴奏的赏赐。”萧赜同意。李彪代表北魏帝国前后六次出使南齐，萧赜对他十分敬重（四七七年至四七九年，李彪出使四次，本年稍后，再出使一次）。李彪将告辞回国，萧赜亲自送到琅邪城（白下·建康城北），命文武官员赋诗惜别，表示对他的宠爱。（《魏书·李彪传》：李彪行将返国，萧赜说：“你上次回国时，曾吟阮籍诗：'但愿长闲暇，后岁复来游。'果然重来。你此次回国，还有没有来的可能？”李彪说：“我再吟阮籍诗：'欢宴清都中，一去不再返！'”萧赜伤感，说：“听你这段话，好像永诀，我当用特殊的盛大礼仪，送你踏上归程！”） 9、四月十七日，北魏帝国兴建皇家大会堂（明堂），改建皇家祖庙（太庙）。 五月八日，北魏帝拓跋宏在东明观修订法律及判例，亲自裁决有疑难的诉讼。命国务院执行官李冲，研究刑罚轻重以及如何措辞，拓跋宏亲自执笔记录。李冲正直勤快，明智果断，尤其谨慎周密，深受拓跋宏的信任和委托，君臣之间，情投意合，没有隔阂。无论是帝国元老或皇亲国戚，没有人不对他心服，中外人士，一致推崇。 五月二十四日，枹罕镇防守司令长孙百年攻陷吐谷浑汗国的边城洮阳、泥和，俘虏三千余人。 五月二十五日，开始制造皇家专用的五种车辆（玉车、金车、象车、革车、木车）。 10、六月十三日，南齐帝国政府任命国务院左执行长（尚书左仆射）王奂当雍州（州政府襄阳）州长（刺史）。 11、六月丁未日（六月壬戌朔，没有丁未），北魏帝国济阴王拓跋郁因贪污残暴，北魏帝拓跋宏命他自杀。 秋季，闰七月五日（北魏七月五日），拓跋宏祭拜嫡祖母冯太后墓园。 闰七月十九日（北魏七月十九日），拓跋宏下诏，说：“烈祖（一任帝拓跋珪）有创业的大功，世祖（三任帝拓跋焘）有开拓的贡献，皇家祭庙应追为祖宗，百世不变。平文皇帝（拓跋郁律）的功勋少过昭成皇帝（拓跋什翼犍），庙号却是太祖（三九八年十二月，一任帝拓跋珪追尊这位曾祖父）；道武皇帝（一任帝拓跋珪）的功勋，高过平文皇帝，庙号却是烈祖（四一〇年九月，二任帝拓跋嗣追尊），并不公平。我现在重新调整，追尊烈祖为太祖；而以世祖、显祖（六任帝拓跋弘），作为两房远祖，其他的祭庙，都依照顺序废除。” Bo Yang said: 北魏帝国建立之后，最有趣的一件事是：第一任皇帝拓跋珪大笔一挥，把他的历代祖先，都追封为各种名号的皇帝。这一套本是汉人发明的，但鲜卑人搞起来，比汉人还勇不可当，一回溯就回溯了一百八十年，一百八十年中那些至死都不过荒漠中一个牧羊老汉，霎时间都成了皇帝，谥号满天乱飞，使历史学家大瞪其眼。 从拓跋宏这篇短短的诏书，可感觉出来谥号对读者造成的困扰，如果不加注解，简直没有人知道“平文皇帝”根本不是皇帝。也没有人知道“太祖”和“道武”竟是一人。而改来改去，盖住了头却露出了脚，北魏帝国遂出现了两个“太祖”，更教人昏眩。 因此，我们更加相信，取消谥号——不管是帝王的谥号或官员的谥号，是对中国历史所作的最重要的清洗工作之一。 八月三日，拓跋宏再下诏，命讨论“养老”和“祭祀六座皇家祖庙”礼仪（养老礼，参考五九年十月）。最初，北魏帝国常在正月吉利之日，在金銮宝殿庭院之中，设立篷帐，里面放置松树柏树，供奉“五色帝”座位，然后祭祀（五色帝，参考二六六年正月）。又有一种祈求赐给智谋、决断，被称为“探策”的祭祀。拓跋宏认为全都不合古礼，下令禁止。 八月九日，把道教祭坛（寇谦之所设，参考四二三年十二月）迁到桑干河南岸，改名崇虚寺。 八月十六日，拓跋宏召集文武百官，询问大家意见：“禘祭（皇家五年大祭）、祫祭（皇族三年总祭），郑玄、王肃的解释不同，哪一个对？”（郑玄认为：皇帝在天坛祭天和在皇家祖庙祭祖，都是禘祭。王肃认为：天坛祭天不是禘祭，皇家祖庙祭祖，才是禘祭。祫祭跟禘祭是一件事，不是两件事。）国务院执行官游明根等赞成郑玄的解释，立法院总立法长（中书监）高闾等赞成王肃的解释；拓跋宏下诏裁决，说：“天坛祭天，皇庙祭祖，都称禘祭，依照郑玄解释；禘祭与祫祭合并举行，依照王肃解释；明令公布。” 八月二十五日，拓跋宏再下诏：“近来研究'朝日''夕月'祭祀（夏、商、周三代时的古礼），大家都主张于春分、秋分之日，分别在首都的东郊、西郊举行。然而，每月的天数不一样，无法使日子固定，如果完全依照春分、秋分，可能会发生月亮在东方时，我们却在西方祭祀的情况，无论人情或法理都说不过去。从前，皇家图书馆长（秘书监）薛谓等建议：每月一日早上，祭祀朝日，每月三日晚上，祭祀夕月。你们认为春分、秋分和一日、三日，哪一个妥当？”国务院执行官游明根等认为一日、三日妥当，请求实施，拓跋宏批准。 八月二十七日，有关单位上疏，请求占卜“小祥”（守丧满一周年）之日，拓跋宏下诏：“用算卦的方法决定吉祥时刻，既违背谨慎敬业的原则，又伤害永远思亲的心情。不必占卜，就用下月（九月）最后一日（二十九日）。” 八月二十九日，拓跋宏又下诏：“全国祭祀的各种神祇，共有一千二百余处，现在打算减少这个数目，以求简单节约。”又下诏：“皇家大会堂、皇家祖庙，配祭及配享规则，现在已经完备。白登庙、崞山庙、鸡鸣山庙，由主管官员负责祭祀（四一二年，二任帝拓跋嗣在白登山建老爹一任帝拓跋珪祭庙，称宣武庙；四一五年，再在白登山西建拓跋珪第二座祭庙，也称宣武庙。宣武，是拓跋珪当时的尊号，四二〇年，才把宣武改作道武，两庙总称白登庙。三任帝拓跋焘的乳娘宾女士安葬崞山，立有祭庙。五任帝拓跋濬的乳娘常女士安葬鸡鸣山，也立有祭庙，参考四六〇年五月）。冯宣王（冯太后的老爹冯朗）祭庙在长安（陕西省西安市），兹令雍州（州政府长安）按时祭祀。”又下诏：“从前，祭祀水神、火神等四十余神，还有城北的星神。现在，天坛下面，祭祀风神、雨神、官场之神、命运之神。皇家大会堂更祭祀门神、户神、井神、灶神、院神；这一些神以及前述的四十余神的祭祀，一律禁止。” 九月十八日夜晚，拓跋宏住宿皇家祖庙，率领文武官员哀哭已毕，拓跋宏换上祭服，戴素色冠帽，腰束皮带、黑鞋。官员们也跟着换装，戴上黑帽，穿白绸单衣、皮带、浅黑鞋，遂再哀哭，哀哭一夜，直到天亮。 九月最后一日——二十九日，深夜，拓跋宏脱下用白带绲边的素色冠帽、上下一体白布做的连裤装以及黑色麻鞋的祭服。文武官员也脱下黑色罩发帽，换上白纱罩发帽。祭祀典礼完成后，退出祭庙，拓跋宏站在那里再度哀哭，很久之后，才启程回宫。 冬季，十月，皇家大会堂、皇家祖庙落成。 十月二日，拓跋宏祭拜冯太后墓园，因悲苦过度，身体非常瘦削衰弱，最高监察长（司空）穆亮规劝说：“陛下已经行过'小祥'（守丧一周年期满）之礼，而哀痛之情犹如亲人刚刚逝世之时。君王是天地神祇的儿子，也是全国小民的父母；从来没有儿子太悲哀而父母不担心，父母太忧虑而儿子会单独快乐的！而今，气候反常，飓风、大旱，造成灾难。希望陛下改穿轻便的衣服，食用正常的菜饭，御车常常出宫走动，依照顺序，祭祀神祇，使上天与民间的喜庆合而为一。”拓跋宏下诏：“孝顺父母，友爱兄弟，道理相同。现在飓风和大旱肆虐，只是因为我的诚心还不够，上天和民间，不能产生感应。所说由于我过度悲伤引起，恐怕不切实际。” 十一月一日，拓跋宏身穿衮龙袍，头戴通天冠，在太和庙举行解除丧服典礼。典礼后，拓跋宏换戴黑色罩发帽、上下一体白布做的连裤装，辞别冯太后的墓园，然后回宫。 十一月五日，冬至，拓跋宏前往首都南郊天坛祭祀天神，接着再祭祀皇家大会堂，归途中，先到太和庙，再回宫。 十一月六日，登上太华殿，头戴通天冠，身穿朱红袍，设宴款待文武百官。乐器摆在那里，但不演奏。 十一月九日，拓跋宏戴通天冠，穿衮龙袍，辞别太和庙，率文武官员，把祖先牌位送到新落成的皇家祖庙。 12、十一月十七日，北魏帝国政府制定官员等级（品）。 十一月二十日，考核各州州长及各郡郡长施政成绩。 派代理中级散骑侍从官（假通直散骑常侍）李彪等前往南齐帝国报聘。 北魏帝国旧有制度：文武官员冬季朝贺时，都穿短袄短裤罩甲，俗称“小岁”。 十一月二十八日，拓跋宏下诏废除。 十二月五日，把祭祀农神的社坛迁到首都平城内城西边。 任命安定王拓跋休当太傅（上三公之二）、齐郡王拓跋简当太保（上三公之三）。 13、高句丽王国（首都平壤）国王（二十任长寿王）高琏逝世，年一百余岁。北魏帝拓跋宏特制一种黑色绢帽（委貌冠），穿布质连裤装；在首都平城东郊进行哀悼祭祀。派皇家礼宾执行官（谒者仆射）李安上前往宣布：追赠高琏太傅，谥号康。 高琏的孙儿高云继位（二十一任文咨王。高云的老爹高助多早逝）。 14、十二月二十二日，北魏帝拓跋宏开始到首都平城东郊迎春。自此，开始迎接四季，拓跋宏都亲自主持。 最初，北魏帝国三任帝（太武帝）拓跋焘攻克统万（胡夏帝国，参考四二七年六月）、姑臧（北凉王国，参考四三九年九月），俘虏皇家雅乐、乐器、乐队及乐师，都保留下来（大分裂时代开始时，祭祀部乐师都逃向河西避难。胡夏帝国攻克长安，留在长安的乐器、乐师，被掳到统万）。可