Chapter 7 Volume 1 Chapter 5-1

Crowned as emperor On April 30, 1804, Councilor Curé proposed a bill to the Tribunal to transform the ruling republic into an empire, and Bonaparte was promoted to the title of emperor and possessed hereditary power.The Tribunal passed the proposal. On May 3, the President of the Senate, Cambaceres, led all the members to the Tuileries Palace and read a petition to Napoleon, imploring Napoleon to consolidate his career and change his lifelong ruling into a hereditary emperor.He said in his speech: "When you see the danger, the first thought that comes to your mind is: to try to destroy the First Consul is to try to destroy France. Give us, then, a tightly knit system that will outlive you." You will start a new era, but you will make it long, and glory will not be empty until it lasts. Great man, finish your work and make it as immortal as your glory! You have risen from the chaos of the past You have freed us, you have enabled us to enjoy today's happiness, and you have guaranteed us the future." Faced with such praise and flattery, Napoleon was very happy, and he thought for a while and replied: "This matter must be put to the national people's referendum. That's good."

The French people overwhelmingly embraced Napoleon as their emperor. On May 18, the Senate formally approved that "the French Republic entrusts full powers to an emperor, and his title is the emperor of the French." Cambaceres led all the members to the Palace of Santa Cruz under the escort of the cuirassiers. Congratulations to Napoleon.Napoleon thanked: "Everything that can promote the welfare of the country is my happiness. You think this title has an effect on the glory of the country, and I accept it. As for the law of hereditary succession, I am subject to the approval of the people. I hope that France will always be No regrets for the honor done to my family.

In any case, if my children and grandchildren are no longer worthy of the love and confidence of this great country, my heart will no longer protect them. " The next day, Napoleon held his first grand court ceremony in the Tuileries Palace, and all military and government officials came to meet the monarch.The emperor's siblings were crowned prince and princess, except Lucien, who had fallen out with Napoleon over his marriage to Madame Jouberton. Fourteen generals were promoted to Marshal of the Empire: Berthier, Murat, Moncey, Jourdan, Massena, Augereau, Bernadotte, Soult, Brune, Lannes, Mo Thier, Ney, Davout, Bessières.The commander of the Guards, Bessiere, delivered a speech in the name of the Guards. Napoleon thanked him: "I know that the Guards have feelings for me, and I fully trust their bravery and loyalty. I often watch the brothers of Paozer. They escaped. So many dangers, so many honorable wounds, that the more I watched, the happier I looked. I saw the Guards, and I was satisfied to think that for fifteen years there had been men from them in any battle." Then, he was promoted to the police President Louis Bonaparte led all the generals and school officers in Paris to meet the emperor. The grand scale and magnificence of the scene amazed everyone present.

Napoleon decided to hold the enthronement celebration on July 14, because this day is a day that the people of Paris are proud of. On this day 15 years ago, the people of Paris captured the feudal fortress of Bastille.However, July 14, 1804 happened to be Saturday, and Napoleon ordered the celebration to be held on July 15, Sunday.The change was purely to save time, he said: "What made me strongly against re-establishing the Catholic faith was that there used to be so many festivals to commemorate. A Saint's Day is a lazy day, and I don't like that because the people have to work. To live is to live. I agree to four festivals a year, no more. If the lords and lords of Rome are not satisfied with this, they are free to leave." In his view, the loss of time is a great disaster, so he always put the impossible Fewer celebrations are incorporated into days already dedicated to religious purposes.

On July 15, surrounded by a grand imperial guard of honor, Napoleon made his first public appearance in front of the citizens of Paris.The emperor and Empress Josephine walked through the broad avenue and came to the Academy of Honors in a mighty way.Here, the Emperor and Empress were received by Mr. Segur, Minister of Ceremonies.Napoleon was sitting on the throne, and the prominent imperial officials surrounded him like stars holding the moon, which was truly majestic.After Cardinal Monsieur Bellois had finished mass, Napoleon put on his crown and began to take the oath.After the oath was finished, cheers of "Long Live the Emperor" resounded inside and outside the Les Invalides, rising and falling for a long time.

Napoleon announced at this ceremony that he would personally present the Legion of Honor to the troops assembled at Boulogne.Before long, he fulfilled his promise. On the 18th, he left Santa Cruz and traveled part-time.The next day, when everyone was still busy preparing to pick up the driver, he had already inspected the fortification among them. Napoleon chose August 16, the day after his birthday, to award the Cross.On this day, the sky was clear and the sun was shining brightly. More than 80,000 soldiers beat gongs and drums and played high-pitched music. Division by division, they gathered towards the plain near the barracks.There is a hill in the middle of the plain, on which Napoleon and his subjects are stationed, and around this hill, the divisions are lined up like rays of light.Napoleon aloud a pep talk from this throne, furnished by the hand of nature.It can be seen that Napoleon at this time is more energetic and energetic than ever.The next step is to issue the Cross Medal, and every soldier who receives the medal must say "Long Live the Emperor" twice when wearing the medal.After the medals were awarded, the army began a one-hour exercise.At this moment, an adjutant came to report: There was a storm on the sea, and four or five gunboats ran aground.Napoleon immediately got on his horse and galloped away from the plain, followed by several marshals.Strangely, as soon as Napoleon arrived, the storm stopped magically and the gunboat came into port safe and sound.Napoleon returned to the barracks with confidence.At night, the entertainment program for the soldiers began.The colorful fireworks shot straight into the sky, and exploded in the air into patterns of various weapons of the empire. It was extremely beautiful, and the soldiers gave bursts of cheers.For 5 minutes in a row, Port Brunn and its coast were illuminated by fireworks like daylight, and the British coast was also clearly visible.

In Brun's day, Napoleon's life rhythm was as tight as in Paris. He ran around on horseback during the day, inspected various places, reviewed troops, and often worked until late at night.Despite his busy schedule, he still couldn't forget to find ways to boost morale.Before inspecting the troops every time, he would always say to an adjutant: "Ask the head of the regiment to find out if there are any people in his troops who have participated in various campaigns in Italy or Egypt. Ask him his name, hometown, and family situation. And what he did. Ask him his bugle number, which company he belongs to, and report to me all this." On the day of the inspection, Napoleon could find out the soldier whom the adjutant had introduced to him at a glance.He walked up to the soldier, called his name as if he were an old friend, and said:

"Oh, so you're here, you're a brave man! I saw you in Abukir. How's your old father? What, you didn't get the Cross? Wait, I'll send it to you." The Soldier's Cross, and added: He believed that sooner or later everyone would be a Marshal of the Empire.The soldiers who were interviewed were very excited, and they would tell everyone in the future: The emperor knows us, he knows our family, and he knows where we have served in the military.The morale of the troops was lifted, and the soldiers were eager to serve the new emperor who cared about his subordinates.

During this period, Brun also had an interesting episode.Two British prisoners escaped from the Verdun prison camp and came to Boulogne.Because he was penniless, he had to stay in Brunn for a few days.At this time Port Brunn was so strictly guarded against all ships that they had little hope of escape by boat.The love for their homeland and the longing for freedom prompted the two captives to think of a bold and risky solution. They used small pieces of clay to form a small boat, and they were going to cross the English Channel with this small boat that might fall apart at any time. .It was literally a desperate voyage.When they saw a British frigate on the coast, they pushed out the boat and gave chase.Not long after leaving the shore, he was captured by the French army.The news spread throughout the camp, and everyone talked about the extraordinary courage of the two Englishmen.When Napoleon learned of this, he was very interested, and ordered the two Englishmen and the boat to be brought before him.

Amazed that such a bold plan could be carried out with such a flimsy instrument, he asked, "Do you really want to use this to cross the sea?" "Yes, Your Majesty. If you don't believe me, let us go, and you will see How we got out." "I let you go, you are brave and daring men. Wherever I see courage, I admire it. But you don't risk your lives. You are freed, and we will Put you on board an English ship. When you return to London, tell others how I respect the brave, even if they are my enemies." Napoleon rewarded the two Englishmen with some gold coins and let them go home.Many people present were stunned by Napoleon's magnanimity, and they felt that the current emperor was completely different from the one who had categorically executed the Duke of Dangan.

Soon, Napoleon went to Belgium from the Brunn Barracks, and met Empress Josephine at Laeken Castle.Napoleon then continued his journey along the towns on the Rhine.An important purpose of this trip was to try to negotiate with the Holy See and persuade the Pope to come to France to crown him.He wanted to consolidate the Bonaparte dynasty with the approval and support of the church.Napoleon once publicly declared that he wanted to become the emperor of the West like Charlemagne. He did not inherit the legacy of the French king, but the legacy of Charlemagne.Now he wants the Pope to attend his upcoming coronation in person, like Charlemagne did a thousand years ago.However, Napoleon did not simply follow suit, he had to make some modifications: Charlemagne himself went to the Pope to be crowned, and he wanted the Pope to come to Paris to crown him. When Pope Pius VII learned of Napoleon's idea, he was extremely frightened and angry.However, going to Paris was impossible to refuse, since Rome was under threat from Napoleon's troops in northern and central Italy.After a short consideration, the pope decided to meet Napoleon's request.Therefore, Napoleon ordered that when the pope passes through French territory, all places must receive him with the most solemn etiquette.He himself went to the Fontainebleau Palace on the outskirts of Paris to meet the Holy Father. On November 2, 1804, the Pope and his party set off from Rome for Paris. On November 25, the Pope and his party passed through the city of Nams and were warmly welcomed by the people of Nams.In the early morning of the next day, the salute was roaring, the gongs and drums were pounding, and the Pope boarded the horse-drawn car amidst cheers, and drove towards Fontainebleau.Half an hour later, the surrounding fog was hazy, mixed with cold rain, and the car rushed into a forest.When passing through the village of Bron, the welcome crowd lined up on both sides of the avenue, shouting: "Long live Pius VII!" "Long live Napoleon I!" At this time, in the wide circular square in the forest, a group of hunters were waiting at the intersection with 50 hounds.Seeing the pope's motorcade approaching, one of them left the crowd.He was dressed in a hunting suit and boots, and sat on a hunting horse.The Pope took a closer look, and it turned out that he was Napoleon.Napoleon sat motionless on his hunting horse, and the Pope realized he had to get out of the carriage.Seeing the muddy road, the Pope, who was wearing snow-white silk shoes, couldn't help but hesitate for a moment, but in the end he let the snow-white silk shoes be wronged.After the Pope stood at an appropriate distance, Napoleon got up and dismounted, walked up to the short, dark-haired old man, and embraced him. At this time, the imperial chariot parked next to it suddenly moved forward a few steps. In order to avoid the car, the pope and the emperor subconsciously separated and each stepped back a few steps. The car stopped suddenly between them.In an instant, the two doors opened, the emperor jumped into the car from the right door, and an officer signaled Pius VII to get on the car from the left door.Unaware of the prearrangement, the Pope boarded the bus and sat in the second seat until Fontainebleau. At about half past one, the convoy entered Fontainebleau.The Pope was immediately ushered into the Palace of the Dowager Dowager.The Palace of the Empress Dowager and the Palace of Fontaine are far away from each other.Although there are many spacious and gorgeous rooms in the Empress Dowager's Palace, they have been dilapidated due to years of disrepair.The pope was arranged to live here for a short time. Although he was dissatisfied, he dared not speak out. On the 27th, Napoleon and the Pope prepared to enter Paris. Although this time the emperor had to reserve the seat on the right for Pius VII, he decided to enter Paris at night, so that any pomp was avoided. On November 28, the carriage of the Pope and the Emperor drove rapidly into Paris in the cold autumn night.The official press did not disclose anything, and the only measure taken was to order all the guards to stand by with guns in the barracks and not to leave without authorization. The Pope's residence is arranged on the second floor of the Flora Building in the Tuileries Palace. At 7 o'clock in the morning on the 29th, all the clocks in Paris and the giant clock of Notre Dame de Paris rang together, and the bursts of bells announced the arrival of the Pope.The residents were moved when they heard the sound, and immediately ran out of the house, gathering towards the Tuileries Palace from the streets and alleys in the suburbs far and near, and the crowds at each intersection became more and more dense.The Pope appeared on the balcony of the Huashen Tower, and the boiling crowd suddenly fell silent. Tens of thousands of people knelt on the ground, and their original curiosity turned into infinite worship. Some cried, and some beat their chests.Pius VII raised his right hand and slowly made the cross.Faced with such enthusiasm from the people of Paris, the Pope had to appear on the balcony as many as 20 times a day. Napoleon was seriously dissatisfied with the fanatical affection of the people of Paris for the pope.Napoleon wants to pour some cold water on these fanatical believers.As a result, reports about preparations for the coronation filled the pages of newspapers, while reports about the pope were suddenly streamlined.Seeing this scene, the experienced pope became even more cautious. In the early morning of December 2, just as the sky was dim, people in the Tuileries Palace began to be busy and lively.This day is Napoleon's official coronation day, and the whole palace is full of festive atmosphere. At 9 o'clock, the Pope's guard of honor left the Tuileries Palace.At the front of the guard of honor is a donkey with a ribbon, and a photographer holding a cross rides on the donkey's back.The pope's sedan chair is pulled by 8 large gray horses, and there is a gilded bronze triple crown bestowed by the emperor on the car.The convoy marched solemnly through the street.Thousands of people kneeled on both sides of the road. At 10 o'clock, the pope and his party entered Notre Dame.A large number of spectators packed Notre Dame.After Pius VII got off the car, he entered the Bishop's Palace, sat on the seat that had been arranged for him, began to pray, and waited for the emperor to arrive. Two hours later, the salute was fired, and a magnificent carriage decorated with gold, drawn by 8 tall light chestnut horses, galloped towards Notre Dame.The convoy stopped in the open space in front of the church, and the crowd shouted "Long live the emperor!" The ranks of the emperor's retinue began to enter the church.Ordinary courtiers in gorgeous clothes walked in the front, followed by imperial marshals wearing medals, followed by important ministers and high-ranking officials of the emperor, and finally the emperor in full costume.Wearing a deep red velvet robe, a short coat with gold buckles, and high-top leather shoes, the emperor appeared in front of the audience with great excitement, and cheers soared to the sky in an instant. The Pope mounted the altar and Mass began.The grand ceremony lasted for a long time, Napoleon didn't know whether it was because of impatience or because he was too tired, so he kept yawning.Finally, the emperor and empress went to the altar and knelt on the kneelers, and the pope came to perform the ceremony for them.The Pope was about to put the crown on Napoleon's head, but Napoleon reached out to take the crown and put it on his head.Then he took a small crown and put it on Josephine's head.Everything was done in an instant, and the supreme Napoleon was full of emotions and thoughts.He thought of his miserable childhood, the poor houses in Ajaccio, and the embarrassment of the first years. He turned to his brother Joseph and said, "Joseph, it would be great if Dad saw us in the style we are today!" It was 10 o'clock in the evening when we returned to the Tuileries Palace.The streets were brightly lit, like daytime.Napoleon gave a big dinner, and this time the pope only sat in the third seat. On the second day of the coronation, all the troops in Paris assembled on the Place de la Mass, waiting for Napoleon to send them the eagle standard instead of the flag of the Republic.On the majestic reviewing stand, the emperor sat on the throne in military uniform.Following an order, all the columns moved closer to the throne.Napoleon rose, ordered the eagles to be distributed, and addressed the legions as follows: "Soldiers, look at your banners! These eagles will always be your mustering points. The eagles will always be where your Emperor thinks he is in defense of his throne. and his people. Swear to sacrifice your life to defend the eagle flag! Swear to be able to keep the eagle flag on the road to victory forever!" After this speech, the army burst into cheers, The soldiers raised their guns, cheered and jumped to the new emperor.Everyone present was moved by the great enthusiasm erupted by the army, and Napoleon was even more excited. The pope had done all that Napoleon had asked for, and, expecting good recompense, he coyly asked for the return of Avignon in France and Bolaugne and Ferrard in Italy, but Napoleon ignored them. At the end of March 1805, Napoleon bid farewell to the Pope and left for Italy.The pope had no choice but to leave Paris a month after the emperor left. In 1804, another event worthy of celebration in France was the formal promulgation of the Napoleonic Code.Code Napoleon is the general term for civil law, civil procedure law, commercial law, criminal law and criminal procedure law.This law was compiled by the Civil Law Drafting Committee appointed by Napoleon as early as August 1800. It was not completed until 1803, and it was promulgated and implemented in 1804. The "Napoleonic Code" affirmed the principles of inviolability of private property, the character of everyone before the law, and equal inheritance rights for men and women, which had a great impact on the legislation of countries such as Europe and the United States.Napoleon admired this code very much. He said in his memories of St. Helena: "My real glory is not that I won 40 victories. The Battle of Waterloo erased the memory of all these victories. But there is one thing that is not Forgotten, it is immortal, and that is my code." To commemorate the official promulgation of the "Code Napoleon", the Legislative Yuan decided to erect a white marble statue of Napoleon in the parliament hall.The date for the unveiling of the statue was set after Napoleon was officially crowned emperor.On that day, the Legislative Assembly building was very lively. Princes and princesses, main representatives of state agencies, diplomatic missions, marshals and ministers gathered in the hall in costumes, waiting for the solemn moment.When the emperor and empress appeared in the hall, the audience stood up, and the choir in the next hall sang Gluck's famous song: "How charming! How majestic!..." The audience burst into thunderous applause and applause .At the proposal of the Speaker, Marshal Murat and Marshal Masséna removed the tulle covering the statue, and all eyes fell on the statue of the emperor: he was wearing a laurel wreath with several oak leaves and olives at intervals. Leaves.After the silence, bursts of cheers erupted from the crowd.Then Dwyer Brown delivered a eulogizing speech.He said: "Gentlemen, you have celebrated the enactment of the Civil Code with an act of admiration and gratitude: you have erected this statue to the glorious King. His unwavering will has made this great code perfect, and his boundless wisdom Throwing the brightest light on this sublime part of the human system. The first consul of the past, the emperor of the French today, he stands in the temple of the law, and wears this crown of victories, and countless victories herald him. Will wear the crown, put on the highest and most solemn royal robes of mankind. "Undoubtedly, on this solemn day, before the princes and ministers of state, before this venerable man appointed by the Empire to do good to the high office, we wish to celebrate with all the French people the glory May you allow me to raise my feeble voice for a moment to remind you of the monumental deeds by which Napoleon created for himself a great cause of strength and glory. If eulogies corrupt the weak-willed, then For great men, praise is their food. The great deeds of heroes are their promises to their motherland. Looking back on these deeds is tantamount to telling them that the people expect their great thoughts, lofty feelings and glorious deeds. The people Admire him infinitely, be grateful to him..." The Speaker also delivered a lavish eulogy.Faced with all this, Napoleon readily accepted, and his psychology of love for honor was greatly satisfied. The Victory of Ulm Napoleon, who became the French emperor, was no longer satisfied with the title of president in Italy. Therefore, the new members of the Inner Alpine Republic crossed the Alps again and gathered in Paris to hold a parliament.The title of King of Italy was soon awarded to Napoleon. A few days later, the emperor left Paris for his coronation in Milan. On May 26, at the Monza Palace in Milan, the ancient iron crowns of the Lombard kings were taken out.The new coronation ceremony was held in Milan Cathedral. Napoleon took the crown from the hands of the Archbishop of Milan and put it on his head, saying loudly: "God gave me this crown, please do not touch it." Fourteen days later, he sent his The 23-year-old stepson, Eugene Beauharne, is the deputy king and presides over the Italian government on his behalf. The celebrations in Milan did not detain Napoleon. On July 12, Napoleon ran back to Paris in a hurry, exhausting several horses on the way.It turned out that Austria had secretly formed an alliance with Russia and Britain, and the third anti-French alliance was formally established.At this time, Napoleon had already brewed two battle plans in his mind. One was a sea battle plan, that is, to cross the English Channel and rush to London.The second is the land combat plan. Once the expedition to Britain is postponed or fails, how to avoid panic due to the sudden attack of the land enemy.Those who knew Napoleon well knew that there were always two strings on his bow, and that when something happened to hinder the execution of one plan, he already had another plan in mind. On July 26, Napoleon issued the following order to French Admiral Villeneuve: "After concentrating the Spanish warships at Cadiz and Ferrol, return to the port of Brest and from there to Boulogne. As long as you Control the Channel for three days, and with God's help I will cut off the existence of England. 150,000 men are ready, and your actions alone will make us masters of England." Villeneuve immediately began to carry out Napoleon's orders.But in the process, Villeneuve's fleet encountered the British fleet of only 9 warships commanded by Admiral Calder near Cape Finnister.The two sides launched a fierce battle.Having lost two Spanish warships, Villeneuve fled back to Port Ferrol. On August 2, Napoleon left Paris for Boulogne.Here Napoleon once again issues orders to Villeneuve: "Set sail! Don't waste a minute, lead my concentrated forces into the Channel, Britain is ours, and everything is ready for us. You only need to show up for 24 hours, and everything will be over." But on the second day, Napoleon received two crucial pieces of information. One was that the Villeneuve fleet did not arrive in Brest, but remained in Ferrol.The second is that the Russian army has set off and is preparing to join forces with the Austrian army.Napoleon immediately recognized the danger of the situation - France would face the attack of a powerful continental enemy.He decided to seize the time and deal a fatal blow to Britain before dealing with the mainland enemies, because he really couldn't bear to let this great plan of going to Britain, which had been brewing for a long time and carefully planned, be shelved.He urged Villeneuve to lead the fleet to set sail north again. On August 14, Villeneuve led the combined French and Western fleets to the port of Brest.On the way, he received intelligence: the British fleet was intercepting the combined fleet ahead.The indecisive Villeneuve panicked and hurriedly ordered the fleet to retreat to the Spanish port of Cadiz for shelter.By the time he knew that this information was not true, it was too late.At this time, the British fleet really arrived and sealed off the port of Cadiz, and the combined fleet could no longer go to sea. By this time Brune's army was ready to board the fleet of small ships.Day after day Napoleon stood on the cliff waiting for Villeneuve's combined fleet.Staff officers were posted at all the posts westwards along the coast, in order to promptly notify Villeneuve of his arrival, so that everyone could embark immediately.However, Villeneuve's combined fleet has never been seen. Napoleon still had his last hope for Zhengying, but at the same time he made another preparation. On August 13, he wrote to Berthier: "Tell General Marmont that my Ferrol fleet will sail on August 14. If the wind is unfavorable or the admiral balks, I will take this operation The plan is postponed for another year. I mean he should disembark and return to camp within 24 hours of his new order. Then, march to Mainz as quickly and as secretly as possible. I want to put the 30,000 sent to the center of Germany." The situation on the European continent became more and more urgent, and Napoleon finally couldn't wait. In his rage, he took a last look at the British coast, and immediately swung his spear eastward to meet the Austrian army. In order to ensure military victory, Napoleon first took a series of measures diplomatically. On August 24, he sent General Duroc, the Grand Chancellor of the Court, to Berlin, where he signed a secret treaty with the King of Prussia, in which Prussia pledged to remain neutral in future battles.In exchange, France is willing to cede Hanover.Napoleon also wrote private letters to the three electors of Bavaria, Baden, and Württemberg, asking them to form an alliance with France.These little princes reluctantly accepted Napoleon's request in trembling.Napoleon thus gained the right to use their territory as a battlefield, and also obtained reinforcements for his army of 40,000 men. After laying the diplomatic foundation, Napoleon immediately ordered Brun's army to start from the shore of the English Channel, cross France, and drive to Bavaria.The French army rushed to the Danube from all directions at the fastest speed.In less than three weeks, this huge army magically drove from the English Channel to the Danube.The whole army was enthusiastic.Young people with great ambitions think that the battle is approaching, and they are all eager to try. Everyone dreams of prosperity and rapid promotion, and they all hope to show their talents under a leader who is admired by everyone. Napoleon left the Boulogne barracks on September 3 and returned to Malmaison.The next day, he summoned all the ministers at the Palais de Santa Cruz. On September 24, he and the queen left the Palace of Santa Cruz to join the army. On September 26 they arrived in Strasbourg.Here, he learned of the Austrian positions.At that time, Austria deployed 97,000 troops led by Archduke Charles in Italy to defend the Adige River area; on the Rhine River, there were 60,000 troops led by Archduke Ferdinand. command; 100,000 Russians are reinforcing the Austrians through Poland and Moravia.Austria's plan is that the army of Archduke Charles deal with Napoleon's Italian army, and the Austrian army commanded by Mike advances along the Danube to stop the French army and invade France with 100,000 Russian troops.At this time, Mike's Austrian army was approaching Ulm on the Danube.Napoleon was very happy when he learned of these situations, because his army was right between the Austrian army and the Russian army, which could not only cut off the main communication line of the Austrian army, but also cut off the connection between the Austrian army and the advancing Russian army.He said to the generals around him: "Mike's campaign plan has been decided, Kaudang-Fox ① is in Ulm." He predicted that victory was beckoning to him in Vienna. ---------------- ①Caudang-Fox is a mountain pass in southern Italy, where the Samnets defeated the Romans in 321 BC. The battle began on October 2. On the 6th and 7th the French crossed the Danube and outflanked the enemy. On the 8th, Murat captured 2,000 Austrian troops in the Battle of Wertingen on the Danube. The defeated Austrian army retreated to Kintzburg. On the 10th, the French entered Augsburg. On the 12th, entered Munich. On the 13th, Soult led his army to attack Memmingen and defeated the Austrian General Spangenberg.So far, the entire army has firmly straddled the Austrian army's line of communication and gained the initiative in this battle. Now 50,000 people led by Mike are trapped near Ulm, and the French army is constantly surrounding him like the tentacles of a giant octopus.At this time, because Murat failed to strictly implement Napoleon's order, a gap was left in the northeast of Ulm. The trapped Mike was about to break out from here, and a counselor came out to persuade him: You should stick to your position, and Napoleon will withdraw soon, because there was an uprising against Napoleon in Paris.Mike didn't believe it, and the counselor showed him a newspaper containing the revolution in Paris.Only then did Mike make up his mind to stick to Ulm.But he never expected that this counselor was the spy sent by Napoleon into the Austrian army, and that newspaper was also printed temporarily by the printing press in the French army barracks. On October 14, Ney and Marshal Lana seized the high ground around Ulm, and Mike's army was in a desperate situation. On October 16, Napoleon bombarded Ulm, and at the same time sent an envoy to ask Mike to surrender and threatened that if he captured Ulm, no one would be forgiven.Mike was terrified, and he sent Prince Maurice to negotiate.As is customary, Prince Maurice was led into the French base camp blindfolded.When the French army unfastened his blindfold, he found that he was meeting Napoleon, and he couldn't help but exclaimed. He never dreamed that Napoleon had come to the city of Ulm in person.Prince Maurice offered to surrender on the condition that the defenders of Ulm be allowed to withdraw to Austria.Napoleon laughed, and he said to the prince: "Can I accept such a proposal? What benefits can I get from it? Eight days! You must resolve to surrender within eight days. Do you think I have heard nothing? You are in Looking forward to the Russian army, they have not yet reached Bohemia. If I allow you to go out, who will guarantee me that you will not go to join the Russian army and then fight me? Your generals have deceived me too many times. Not to be fooled by them. At Marengo, I weakly allowed Melas' troops to move out of Alexandria. They promised to negotiate a peace, but what happened? Two months later, Moreau had to defend Alexandria. Besides, this is not an ordinary war. Based on the behavior of your government, I am not obliged to abide by its terms. I don't believe in your promises. You have attacked me. If I agree with your proposal, Mike will guarantee But, in all honesty, can he keep his word? In himself, he can. As for his army, no. If the Archduke Ferdinand is here with you, I can take him at his word, because he can agree to the conditions Responsible, unwilling to humiliate myself. But I know that he has left Ulm and crossed the Danube, and of course I know where to find him." The prince was full of embarrassment and speechless.After a little calm, the prince expressed that the defenders would not surrender unless the conditions proposed were agreed. "In that case," Napoleon said firmly, "you can go back to Mike, because I will never agree to your terms. Are you kidding me? Wait a minute, this is Memmingen's surrender, take Go show your general and make him surrender on the same terms, I won't give him anything else. Your officers can be sent back to Austria, but the soldiers must be taken as prisoners. Tell him he has to make a quick decision because I don't have much time The longer he delays, the worse he will be. Tomorrow, my army to accept Memmingen's surrender will arrive here, and then we will have to decide what to do. Let Mike realize that besides surrendering on my terms, he There is no choice." Napoleon's firm tone made people feel that there was no room for negotiation. Prince Maurice had no choice but to go back and report to Mike.On this day, Mike wrote to Napoleon, expressing his willingness to accept his terms.The next day, Berthier went to Ulm to bring back the letter of surrender.The defenders were allowed to withdraw with weapons, flags, etc., and sent to France as prisoners of war. Napoleon, furious at any obstacle in front of him, stern and merciless towards anyone who dared to resist his will, changed all that when he won, and he was extremely merciful to the defeated, and he genuinely pitied them.He often said to his subordinates: "How pitiful a general is on the day of his defeat!" He had experienced the emotion himself.During that expedition to Syria, he expended great efforts, but failed to capture the castle of Aker, and finally had to withdraw his army.他表面上虽装得满不在乎，可内心却是痛苦不堪，他那时恨不得立马掐死杰扎尔。 麦克带领着出降的队伍恭恭敬敬地朝拿破仑鞠躬，他们面色忧郁，默不作声。拿破仑见状，首先打破沉默，说道：“诸位先生，我很过意不去，像你们曾经表现过的这么英勇的人，竟成了一个政府的愚蠢行为的牺牲者，这个政府怀抱不理智的意图，不惜危害奥地利国家的尊严并愚弄其将领为其效劳。你们的大名是我素知的，你们作战之处都留下过你们的荣誉。看看害苦了你们的那些人的行为吧。不宣而战进攻我，还能有比这更不公正的事吗？因此而招致外国的侵入难道是不公正吗？把亚洲的蛮子引入欧洲各国间的争端难道不是对欧洲的背叛吗？如果帝国枢密院恪守信义，就不会进攻我而是同我结盟来迫使俄国退回北方去。 目前的同盟是对付羊群的狗、牧人和狼，这样的计谋不可能是政治家设想出来的。你们幸运的是我战胜了。如果我战败了，维也纳政府很快就会察觉其错误而感到后悔了。"拿破仑说这番话时脸庞镇静而严肃，但他的眼神不由自主地流露出内心的兴奋和激动。 就在乌尔姆投降之时，一个被派出担任侦察任务的青年军官伯纳回到了法军大本营。他是个上尉工程师，曾在综合技术学校受过教育。他只身一人，几乎深入到维也纳。拿破仑亲自询问他所侦察到的情况，对他的答复非常满意。但是伯纳上尉回答完问题后并不满足，他把观察到的情况以及可以采取的路线草拟了一份报告，并指出指挥军队经过各要塞地点直扑维也纳是极为有利的，占领首都以后，皇帝便可向整个奥地利君主国发布法律。拿破仑听完这份报告，大发雷霆，怒气冲冲地向伯纳吼道：“什么，你太大胆放肆了，一个年轻军官居然妄想替我制定一个战役计划！出去，等候我的命令。"这位年轻军官刚出去，拿破仑顿时改变了腔调，他说：“那是个有为的青年人，他的观察是正确的。我不能让他去冒被打死的危险，我以后还用得着他。告诉贝尔蒂埃，下令叫他离开这里去伊利里亚。” 命令发出去了，伯纳上尉未能参加即将来临的战争，大家认为这是对他轻狂的惩罚，谁也没想到这是拿破仑为保存一个有为青年人的性命而采取的措施。战役结束后，拿破仑要晋升功劳最大的军官，伯纳上尉没被列入晋升名单，人们认为他已失去了拿破仑的欢心。可拿破仑得知后，亲自将伯纳的名字添在其他晋升人员的前面。 乌尔姆一战，奥军损失５００００余人，丢失大炮２００门，军旗９０面，多瑙河地区的奥军几乎全被歼灭，将军都成了俘虏，通向维也纳的大门被打开了。就在这时，拿破仑接到了一个悲惨的消息：维尔纳夫指挥的法国、西班牙联合舰队在直布罗陀西口的特拉法加海角，同纳尔逊海军上将率领的英国舰队进行了１９世纪最大的一次海战。结果，法西联合舰队全军覆没，维尔纳夫本人被俘，而英国舰队却完好无损，取得了歼灭法国海军的伟大胜利。但此时的拿破仑已顾不上海上的失败了，他要向维也纳进军，赶在俄奥两军会合前占领维也纳。 奥斯特里茨战役在拿破仑向普鲁士频频伸出橄榄枝、并答应将汉诺威赠送给普鲁士的同时，俄皇亚历山大一世也在极力拉拢普鲁士国王弗里德里希·威廉三世，怂恿他加入第三次反法联盟。普王为拿破仑的许诺所吸引，拒绝了俄皇的要求。俄皇见软的不行，便来硬的，他用威胁的口吻暗示俄军将强行通过普鲁士领土。威廉三世也表现出一种出乎意料的强硬态度，他回答说： “如果沙皇这样做，普鲁士将同法国结成同盟以抗击俄军。"可就在这时，从普鲁士南部传来消息说，从汉诺威向乌尔姆开进的法军第一军，为了争取时间到达预定战场，竟不经普鲁士的允许，强行通过普鲁士的领地安斯巴赫。威廉三世顿时怒火冲天，他对拿破仑这种随意践踏别国主权的行为极为愤慨。尽管第一军军长贝尔纳多特遵照拿破仑的命令对普鲁士提出许多有利保证，并作出种种友好的表示，但仍不能使普鲁士国王平息怒火。作为报复，威廉三世又回过头来向沙俄靠拢，他邀请亚历山大一世前来柏林会谈。俄皇利用这个机会，苦苦劝说了普王八天，普王终于同意站到反法联盟的一边。不过，由于奥地利军队在乌尔姆的覆灭以及对拿破仑的恐惧和汉诺威的引诱因素，威廉三世没有答应立即出兵作战，只同意与俄、奥签订波茨坦条约。根据此条约，普鲁士愿以武力为后盾进行调停，如果调停失败，普军再从西部发动对法军的进攻。条约签订后，亚历山大一世离开柏林，直赴奥地利战场，普鲁士则准备向拿破仑提出最后通牒，限法军在一个月内撤出奥地利国境，否则，普鲁士将对法宣战。 普鲁士使臣于１１月１４日出发，给拿破仑提出的最后期限是１２月１５日。与此同时，十几万普鲁士军队开始向南部边界集中。密切注视着柏林动向的拿破仑立即探知了这些情报，他意识到形势的严峻性，一旦普军十几万军队在法军背后投入了战斗，法军将受到俄奥普三军的围攻，要想取得胜利，必将付出更高的代价。拿破仑当机立断，力求赶在普鲁士参战前尽快抢占维也纳，切断在因河一线的俄军退路，在查理大公率领奥军回到奥地利之前，把这支俄军包围并消灭在多瑙河以南地区。 正当拿破仑部署军队准备围攻俄军时，俄军统帅库图佐夫似乎已觉察了拿破仑的意图，他极为明智地采取了应急措施：在法军还来不及展开行动之前，指挥俄军迅速撤离因河防线，在克雷姆斯渡过多瑙河，向北实行退却。俄军撤退时，几乎炸毁了多瑙河上所有桥梁，以阻止法军的追击。 俄军北撤以后，多瑙河南岸地区的奥军兵力更加单薄。法军因而得以长驱直入，几乎没遇什么抵抗。１１月１３日，缪拉的骑兵军前卫到达维也纳近郊。维也纳宫廷一片惊慌，奥皇立即派使者前去与拿破仑媾和，被拿破仑拒绝，因为战争远未结束，还有一场更大的战役要等着拿破仑去打赢。 拿破仑命缪拉迅速追击北撤的俄军，以便将其紧紧拖住，并予以歼灭。可缪拉却被眼前的维也纳城吸引住了，为了获得首先进入维也纳的荣誉，他不顾拿破仑的命令，不去追击俄军，而是率部向东，急着抢占维也纳城。 拿破仑得知这一消息后，怒不可遏，立即给这位妹夫写了一封措辞严厉的信，大骂缪拉鲁莽得像个疯子，他说：“俄国人没有固守维也纳，而在克雷姆斯渡过了多瑙河。你既不知道敌军的计划，又不考虑我的意图，你将使我的军队困在维也纳。……只有在充满危险的地方才能获得荣誉，进入一座没有设防的空城，没有什么荣誉可言。"由于缪拉的擅自行动，使得法军在追击俄军的过程中损失了两天极宝贵的时间。１１月１４日，拿破仑到达维也纳，住在富丽堂皇的肖恩布鲁恩宫。弗兰西斯皇帝带着皇室成员，仓皇地向北逃去。拿破仑在这里重新调整了部署，他命令骑兵和第四、第五军一刻也不停留，立即从维也纳出发，北渡多瑙河追击俄军。 维也纳位于多瑙河南岸，要想北渡多瑙河追击俄军，其首要任务是尽快抢占维也纳城北的那座大桥。当时负责防守此桥的是奥斯贝尔公爵，奥军在撤离维也纳时曾命令他：一见法军出现，就将此桥炸毁。缪拉在前次作战中的行为曾使拿破仑大为不满，这次，他要凭着自己的聪明才智来完成抢占维也纳大桥的任务，以挽回拿破仑对自己的印象。 缪拉事先巧妙地将一个掷弹兵营隐藏在大桥南端的一片灌木林中，然后同拉纳、苏尔特军长一起大摇大摆地走上桥头。他们从容不平地推倒桥上的木板路障。桥上的奥军惊慌失措，正准备点燃已经放置好了的炸药，缪拉大声喊道：“不要开枪！我们两国已达成休战协议，我们是来同守桥长官进行具体谈判的。"奥斯贝尔公爵闻讯出来，缪拉又将此话重述了一遍，奥斯贝尔公爵被这突如其来的举动弄得丈二和尚摸不着头脑，正在诧异之际，预先埋伏的法军突然地从灌木林中跃出，迅速冲过大桥，以迅雷不及掩耳之势闯入奥军阵地。一分钟后，法军占领了桥梁，为炸桥准备的炸药全被推入河中，守桥的奥军也都成了俘虏。 维也纳大桥的丢失完全出乎库图佐夫的预料之外，法军很快开到了多瑙河北岸。俄军简直难以理解维也纳大桥被占的经过，他们气愤地指责奥军私下与拿破仑订立了密约。现在俄军随时都可能被追上来的法军包围，库图佐夫决定留下几支决死的后卫部队作掩护，主力部队加速退却。 在追击俄军的过程中，骑兵军长缪拉又一次违背了拿破仑的意图，犯了一个严重错误。 骑兵军在追到摩拉维亚西南２０多公里处，遇到了俄军后卫的顽强阻击。缪拉忽然想到自己一军单独冒进，恐周围态势对己不利，于是，他又想弄弄权术，以缓兵之计，企图等步兵到达之后再采取进一步的行动。他自作主张地向俄军后卫指挥官提出暂时休战的建议，并允许俄军自由地向北撤退。俄军非常痛快地同意了缪拉的建议，并安全地自动撤走了。对于缪拉的愚蠢行为，拿破仑大为恼怒，他写信责骂道：“我简直找不出话来表示我对你的不愉快。 你只是我的一个前卫指挥官，没有我的命令根本无权作休战的安排；你葬送了我的胜利。立即破坏休战，向敌军前进。告诉那位在这一协定上签字的俄国将军，说他也无权这样做，只有沙皇才有这样做的权力。 " 俄军后卫作战顽强，本已有效地迟滞了法军的前进速度，现在，又加上一个偶然的停战协定，更使他们获得了缓兵之利。俄军终于摆脱了拿破仑的追兵，退到了奥洛穆茨。与此同时，从俄国本土开来的另一支俄军，在沙皇亚历山大一世的亲自监督下，也赶到了此地。从维也纳逃跑出来的奥皇弗兰西斯也随撤退的奥军到达了该城。这样，到１１月下旬，俄奥联军停止了撤退，在奥洛穆茨附近占领了有利于防守的阵地。 这时，俄奥联军司令部出现了意见分歧。以联军总司令库图佐夫为首的大部分将领认为：在奥洛穆茨的９００００联军远不是拿破仑１０００００大军的对手，俄军必须继续撤退，等待时机，拖延战局。待普投入战争后，再以压倒优势，向法军发起猛烈进攻。可库图佐夫的建议遭到亚历山大皇帝的坚决反对。亚历山大一世对军事问题一窍不通，对拿破仑的军事才能更是一无所知，同时虚荣心极强。在他看来，他有着这么庞大的军队，还要在这个贫穷多山的国家藏匿一个月，躲避拿破仑，实在是太可耻了。他认为法军长途跋涉，接连作战，已是强弩之末，再加上普军参战已确定无疑，联军必须趁这机会迅速与拿破仑进行大会战。 亚历山大的主张传进拿破仑的耳中，他欣喜若狂，他就是害怕俄军撤走和拖延战局，因为他得知普鲁士的使者豪格维茨正带着最后通牒来见他，他必须在普军参战前了结这场战争。为了促使亚历山大这个主战派得到支持，他决定要一个小小的把戏。拿破仑的外交天才和演员天才又一次得到了充分发挥。 拿破仑像演员一样，竭力把自己装扮成一个惊慌失措、软弱无能、尤迫害怕作战的人。 他命令前哨开始撤退，并派自己的侍从武官萨瓦里去见亚历山大，建议休战媾和，并特别要求俄皇与自己进行单独会晤。拿破仑的举动使得俄军司令部充满了欢呼声：拿破仑胆怯了！ 拿破仑的军队被打得精疲力尽，要完蛋了！必须趁此机会击败法军，不能放过拿破仑！ 库图佐夫的建议被彻底否决。亚历山大根据拿破仑的一惯为人，认为拿破仑在不到万不得已时是不会这样低声下气来俯就于人的。因此，他冷冷地拒绝了拿破仑关于进行个人会晤的要求，只派了自己的侍卫长道戈路柯夫公爵前往法军大本营进行象征性的谈判。这位公爵在拿破仑面前举止极为傲慢，态度十分强硬，而拿破仑则继续天才地表演着这出喜剧。他装出一副不安和忧伤的样子，表演得恰到好处。拿破仑深知表演不能过火，过分夸张会露马脚。世界上的一切，即使是道戈路柯夫公爵的愚蠢也是有限度的。因此，在会见的最后时刻，他吞吞吐吐地拒绝了俄方提出的让他放弃意大利的条件。这个拒绝不仅没有削弱有关拿破仑信心不足和胆怯的形象，反而更使得这幕喜剧带有几分真实性。 道戈路柯夫兴奋地报告了他对拿破仑的印象，俄奥联军立即作出决定：向正在退却的惊慌失措的拿破仑进攻，把他彻底击垮。联军认为陷入困境的拿破仑正急于退回维也纳，因而决定钉住法军的左翼，而联军主力则向西南进到利塔瓦河谷，迂回到拿破仑的右翼，切断它同维也纳的交通线，并把它压缩到山谷中加以歼灭。１２月１日联军到达战场，迅速占领了普拉岑高地，并作好了全面进攻的准备。 拿破仑日夜盼望的战机终于来到了。就在大战即将开始的前一天，拿破仑向军队发表了一篇慷慨激昂的演说，他说：“军人们，面对着你们的俄军是想要替乌尔姆报仇。这也是你们曾经击败过的军队。我们所占的阵地极为坚强。当敌军想迂回我们的右翼时，他们自己的侧面也就会暴露在我们的面前。……这次胜利将结束我们的战役，于是我们可以安心过冬并接受从本国送来的增援。此后即可以获得有利于我们人民，包括你们和我在内的和平。” 晚上９点钟，拿破仑骑着马沿着全线视察野营中的部队。他遥望着敌方的营盘，发现敌军全部集中在普拉岑高地和利塔瓦河谷地中，这更加坚定了他认为敌人将尝试迂回其右翼的预测。当他经过自己部队的行列时，周围的人马上聚拢来，将他团团围住。士兵们把地上的草捆成把子，点起火来，在空中摇晃。他们围着这个身穿灰大衣的矮个子统帅欢呼着，跳跃着，"拿破仑万岁！大军万岁！帝国万岁！"的呼喊声响彻夜空。这时，老兵们一个个地走出来，恭恭敬敬地向皇帝保证，请求他不要站在火线上，不必亲临前线战斗，而以旁观者的身份观看战斗。拿破仑明知故问这是为何，一个老兵脱口答道：我们要夺取敌人的军旗和火炮来庆祝陛下加冕纪念日。拿破仑没有掩饰内心的喜悦，他激动地说这是他有生以来最荣耀、最有意义的一夜。士兵们因为拿破仑与这位老兵的一问一答，都知道了明天是拿破仑的加冕一周年的纪念日。 无数火把的亮光把夜空照耀得如同白昼，奥军在远处发现了这一景象，他们认为这是法军掩护撤退的一种伪装。拿破仑将计就计，他率领军队沿着摩拉维亚被雨水冲刷的泥泞道路，毫不停顿地忽而前进，忽而后退，故意放弃普拉岑高地，将自己左翼暴露在敌人面前，向山谷退却，诱使敌人实行迂回，以便在运动中攻击其侧背。拿破仑以少数兵力利用河川进行防御，主力迂回并集结在般托维茨至波省立兹之间的地区。 １２月２日，拿破仑战争史上一次最着名的、最辉煌的战役打响了，这一天，在奥斯特里茨村以西、维也纳以北１２０公里的普拉岑高地周围的丘陵地带上，三国皇帝展开了一场血腥大会战。这日拂晓前，俄奥联军分成６路纵队开始进攻。联军北面两个纵队由巴格拉吉昂和利赫特尔斯登指挥，他们横越布尔诺——奥斯特里茨大道攻击由拉纳和贝尔纳多特所防守的北段，君士坦丁堡大公指挥的俄国近卫军则作为预备队跟在两支俄军后面。中央方面，科洛华特指挥的奥军２５０００人攻击在柯贝尼茨的苏尔特军。联军攻击的主力则在普拉岑高地以南，共有３个纵队，３３０００人，由俄将布克斯盖弗登指挥，指向在戈尔德巴赫河南段的苏尔特，并攻占了索科尔尼兹和狄尔尼兹。 上午７点３０分，掩盖着谷地的浓雾刚刚散去，一轮红日喷薄而出，７３０００名决心以死效忠的法国官兵在奥斯特里茨的太阳照耀下，早已准备就绪，严阵以待。拿破仑从指挥所里看到普拉岑高地几乎已无俄军防守，他立刻意识到敌人犯了放弃中央高地的严重错误。 他命令两个师前去占领高地，这两个师不费吹灰之力便完成了任务，从而将敌人切成两段。 科洛华特纵队在行军中受到侧面攻击，秩序大乱，四下溃逃。俄国皇帝、总司令库图佐夫以及司令部正是跟在这支纵队之后，因而失去了对联军的控制。 在北段，拉纳成功地击退了巴格拉吉昂的攻击。当苏尔特完全控制高地之后，拿破仑令其左翼向俄军发起全面进攻。俄军作战十分英勇，对法军发起一次又一次冲锋，但最终还是败下阵来。 在南段，布克斯盖弗登受到苏尔特和达武西支兵力的夹击。面对法军大炮的猛烈轰击，联军很快就被压缩到狄尔尼兹和察特卡尼之间半结冰的湖泊上。湖泊的冰块被法军炮火击碎，敌军整团整团地掉在湖里淹死了，有的则被法军的霰弹击毙，其余的则当了俘虏。 奥皇和俄皇眼见全军覆没，慌忙逃窜。他们的侍从人员只顾自己逃命，把两位皇帝丢在路上。两位皇帝只好骑着马各奔一方了。 短暂的冬日已近黄昏，明亮的太阳已经下山，亚历山大和弗兰西斯在昏暗中逃脱了法军的追捕。亚历山大像得了疟疾一样全身发抖，他已经不能控制自己，哭了起来。库图佐夫在激战中负了伤，差点成了法军的俘虏。 The battle is over.拿破仑在一大群元帅、近卫军将军和副官的伴随下，在士兵们的欢呼声中，不断地踩着难以数计的人和马的尸体，穿过广阔的平原，视察着血腥的战场。这一仗，俄奥联军死伤２７０００人，损失火炮１５５门，炮兵几乎全被消灭，余众四散逃命，俄奥联军事实上已不存在。 第二天，法军所有部队都受到了拿破仑的赞扬，他说： “士兵们，我对你们表示满意：在奥斯特里茨一天中，你们完成了我要求你们以果敢精神去完成的一切。不朽的光荣归于你们，我的雄鹰们。在俄奥皇帝指挥下的１０００００军队，不到４个小时，就被打得落花流水。没有死在你们剑下的那些人，也在湖里淹死了。……士兵们！当保证我国的繁荣昌盛所需的一切都已完成时，我将带领你们回到法国，在那里我将尽我所能保护你们的利益。我的人民一定会兴高采烈地再和你们相见。你们只要说我参加了奥斯特里茨战役，他们就会回答说好一个勇士啊！” 同一天，奥皇弗兰西斯二世派使节前来请求与拿破仑会晤。拿破仑同意了这项要求。１２月４日，拿破仑在骑兵卫队的簇拥下来到会晤地点——距奥斯特里茨约３公里的一座磨坊里。奥皇也乘坐有篷轻便马车来到这里。拿破仑一见奥皇，立刻下马前去迎接，并同他拥抱。奥皇提出休战，拿破仑当即同意，条件是要求所有的俄军撤出奥地利，退回波兰。１２月５日，俄军开始撤退。１２月６日，法奥签订停战协定。１２月２６日，法奥在普莱斯堡签订和约。根据和约，奥地利承认法国对皮埃蒙特、热那亚、巴马等意大利地区的占领；承认拿破仑为意大利国王，并把威尼斯、伊斯特利亚、达尔马提亚交给意大利王国；承认巴伐利亚和符登堡为王国，巴登为公国。普莱斯堡和约结束了第三次反法联盟。 不久，意大利的副王欧仁·博阿尔内娶了巴伐利亚新国王的长女为骑，这是拿破仑首次公开表示愿意让他的家族同欧洲原有各王室联姻。同时还宣布，皇帝身后若无男嗣，意大利王位将传给欧仁。 奥斯特里茨会战以后，拿破仑在布尔诺逗留了数日，监督其部队安营情况。他在这里查明了法军的损失——总共不到９０００人。他派副官到医院去慰问伤兵，并以他的名义赏赐每个伤兵一枚拿破仑币。对受伤的军官，则按其级别发给５００到３０００法郎不等的慰问金。 然后拿破仑起程赴肖恩布鲁恩宫。抵达肖恩布鲁恩宫的次日，他接见了普鲁士的使节豪格维茨。豪格维茨本是代表普鲁士政府前来向法国下最后通牒的，普鲁士政府甚至还指示他：若是拿破仑被联军击败，他有权代表普鲁士公开与俄奥结盟。可如今法军大获全胜，他不得不隐瞒迫使命的目的，把最后通牒藏了起来。他带着甜蜜的微笑拜会了拿破仑，他向拿破仑深深地鞠着躬，对他的胜利表示热烈祝贺。胜利后的拿破仑对待这位使节异常严厉和高傲，他怒气冲冲地大声嚷道：“命运之神把你祝贺的对象改变了！你以为你的主子对我守信用吗？他公开向我宣战倒还体面些，即使他不存心这样。那样他就可以为他的各个新盟国效劳，而我在作战前就得顾到两头。你们希望同各方都做朋友，那是办不到的。你们必须在他们和我们之间作一选择。如果你们愿意随他们走，我不反对。但是，如果你们留在我这里，就必须是真心实意。我宁要公开的敌人而不要虚假的朋友。你们自称是我的盟国，竟然允许多达３００００的俄国军队经过你们各邦同大军联系，这是什么意思？没有任何理由可以为这种行为辩解，这是公然的敌对行动。如果授给你的权力不允许你处理所有这些问题，你可以扩大。至于我自己，哪里发现敌人，我就向哪里进军。” 豪格维茨从拿破仑的这番话中看到一场风暴行将袭击普鲁士，于是，未经君主授权，就自作主张地同拿破仑签署了一项条约。根据条约，普鲁士必须与法国结盟，并向英国关闭一切港口。同时，普鲁士须用巴洛特和安斯巴赫两侯国交换汉诺威。普王弗里德里希·威廉三世早已吓得心惊肉跳，他正以惶恐的心情等待着拿破仑的惩罚。如今豪格维茨代他签订的这项条约，比他预料中的惩罚要轻得多。他不敢再讨价还价了，对条约的一切都表示同意。 拿破仑在离开奥地利之前，还有一件事要做，那就是惩罚那不勒斯王国。那不勒斯王国本应保持中立国地位，但那不勒斯王国的波旁王朝与革命后的法国有着不共戴天之仇，尤其仇恨拿破仑，所以当他们获悉法国海军在特拉法加海战中惨败后，欣喜若狂，认为拿破仑一定会失败，便和英国和俄国拉上了关系，向英国、俄国开放了各个港口，在其各邦接纳了１２０００名俄军和８０００名英军。那不勒斯王后曾当着法国使节的面毫不掩饰地说：她想使那不勒斯王国成为一根点燃燎原烈火的火柴。"但请陛下想一想，不管这场大火的结局如何，火柴总是首先烧尽。"法国使者这样回答了他。现在，在奥斯特里茨战役以后，这根"火柴"在转瞬之间就燃为灰烬了。拿破仑对波旁王族进行了残酷的清算，他宣告：“波旁王朝不再统治那不勒斯了。"法军立即占领了整个王国。波旁王室在英国舰队的保护下逃到西西里岛，拿破仑的哥哥约瑟夫被任命为那不勒斯国王。