Chapter 16 January 38 Diary 3

Mr. Fukui brought me news today that Dr. Rosen, Huerter and Scharfenberg will arrive here tomorrow together with two gentlemen from the British Embassy.The residences of Dr. Rosen and Mr. Hürter are normal, as is the German embassy.Only a car, a bicycle and a few bottles of wine were stolen from Dr. Rosen.How things are with the British, I don't know.Homes in Scharfenberg, outside the safe zone, were heavily looted.Scharfenberg had to live with Hürter.Uncomfortably, none of the houses have running water or electricity.So I wrote another letter to Mr. Fukui.It is said that the gentlemen of the American embassy also have no water and electricity.They were all sitting around a fire in the embassy, ​​freezing.Why they don't ask the Japanese directly for water and electricity, I don't understand.I have already received a promise from Fukui that no matter if it is our embassy or other embassies, the Japanese embassy will have new cars brought in from Japan to compensate gentlemen whose cars are stolen.

Four more fires broke out in the city today.What we Europeans think of arson doesn't seem to matter to the Japanese military authorities. There were rumors among the Chinese that Chinese soldiers were preparing to take back the city, and some even claimed to have seen Chinese soldiers in the city.The result was, first of all, the small Japanese flags that adorned the huts and houses in our safe zone, and almost all the other Japanese armbands of the Chinese.According to what Mills just told me, many refugees had the idea of ​​attacking the Japanese embassy or something.It is impossible to imagine what kind of disaster this kind of news without any basis will cause.The Chinese will be executed by the Japanese even if there is a slight disturbance.We are delighted that our safe zone has remained completely peaceful to this day, and we hope very much that we will not have a similarly tragic experience.

A Japanese balloon was suspended over Shimonoseki.People have to watch out! Dr. Xu, who is now also an advisor to the Self-Government Committee, told me that the Japanese were going to donate 5,000 bags of rice to the committee on the condition that the rice could not be distributed within the safe zone.They want to encourage the residents of the safe zone to return to their residences outside the safe zone.Whether this works, we have to wait and see! General recommendations (continued) l ~ 7 see the front. 8. A meeting of all directors of refugee shelters should be held as soon as possible.

9. Appoint a standing committee to inspect shelters. 10. The question of the supply of coal to the asylums must be specially studied. 11. It is recommended to conduct a morning inspection of the rice supply situation of the porridge factory and the porridge factory to avoid irregularities in rice distribution. 12. All shelters that sell rice (or porridge and rice), especially those that have additional expenses in their operations, should have their accounts checked. 13. A code of conduct should be developed and posted in all shelters, and it should be the responsibility of the director of the shelter to encourage refugees to abide by these codes.

14. There must be a standard set of cards for all shelters to know the number of refugees paying for meals, the number of refugees needing free meal assistance, their names, addresses, etc. 15. Standard regulations for rice distribution should also be developed and enforced. 16. The directors of various shelters and their colleagues should be commended for their dedicated relief work. 17. The Director-General of the International Committee should be entrusted with formulating the necessary preventive measures based on the findings of the Inspection Committee. Special provisions for the following shelters:

1. Army school: only 8 bags of rice will be provided every day next week.Shelter leaders should re-examine and report on poverty numbers.Special invoices were issued for rice distributed free of charge.The amount of rice provided by the committee shall be distributed on the day. 2. German Chinese Club (DOS Association): no change. 3. Quaker Missions: No change. 4. Hankou Road Primary School: no change. 5. Jinling University High School: no change. 6. Gaojia Tavern No. 55: You should only get 2 bags of rice per day. 7. Military Chemical Plant: No change; windows must be open. 8. Shanxi Road Primary School: No change; but the leadership of the shelter must improve,

9. Overseas Chinese Club: No change; there should be a few more staff for the shelter leaders. 10. Judicial School: No change; 300 to 400 people can be accommodated here. 11. Siemens (China): The daily supply of rice should be limited to 2 bags. 12. Silkworm factory: 5 sacks of rice should be supplied per day, try for a week; free supply should be given to the needy; rice sales in the building should be stopped; a better director of the shelter must be found; the number of the poor must be verified. 13. Agricultural schools: No change. (On January 6, a bag of rice was sold privately for 11 yuan.)

14. Bible teacher training schools: No change. 15. Jinling Theological Seminary: No change. 16. Jinling University: Now it is taken over by the Red Swastika Society. The Red Swastika Society should be made aware of the investigation results of the inspection committee, especially the results of the porridge factory. 17. Shuangtang: The daily supply is 1 bag of rice. 18. Wutaishan Primary School: Wutaishan porridge factory asked for more rice. 19. Jinling Women's Liberal Arts College: No change. List of shelter directors: Shelter Shelter Director's Name Zhao Yongkui of the Army Academy

Hyogo Bureau (Armoury) Lu Chengmei German Chinese Club (DOS Association) Zhao Tangrong Quaker Missionary Zhang Gongsheng Hankou Road Primary School Zheng Dacheng Jiang Zhengyun, High School Affiliated to Jinling University Gaojia Tavern Ling Enzhong Kong Pingliang and Wang Chengzhai of the military chemical plant Shanxi Road Primary School Wang Youcheng Overseas Chinese Club Mao Qingting Judicial School Tong Xiechen Siemens Matheson (China) Han Xianglin Silkworm Factory Jin Zheqiao, Xu Kaiji Agricultural School Shen Jiayu Guo Junde, Bible Teacher Training School Tao Zhongliang of Jinling Theological Seminary

Qi Zhaochang, Jinling University Leung Hoi Chun University Library Jinling Women's Liberal Arts College Watling Shuangtang Chen Luomen No. 3, Pingcang Lane, Nanjing, to the American Embassy in Nanjing on January 7, 1938 I hereby take the liberty of depositing 18 sealed parcels at your place for the best possible preservation.These packages are marked as follows: Relief funds, deposited by WP Mills, MS Bates and Lewis SC Smythe. The last name above is the name of the signer of this letter. According to the agreement, any one of the above 3 people can pick up the required package at your place, and a signature is required when picking up.

We disclaim all responsibility for packages held by us at the U.S. Embassy and its officers and staff. We express our sincerest thanks for your help. your faithful Signed: Lewis SC Smythe Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee, No. 5, Ninghai Road, Nanjing, January 7, 1938, to Mr. Allison, American Embassy, ​​Nanjing Dear Mr. Allison: I hereby send you copies of 3 sets of documents, the originals of which were mostly handed over to the Japanese authorities after the capture of Nanking on December 13, 1937.We submit these documents to you for your information, as they reveal the positions taken by the International Committee and the Americans on a number of relevant issues.The U.S. embassy was fully aware of our work for the safe zone until December 11, 1937, when its officials left Nanjing on the ship "Pana" for the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. We began to ask the Japanese embassy to "provide mild conditions for Nanking" because at our first meeting with Mr. Fukuda on December 14, 1937, he told us that the Japanese army envisioned a "sad fate" for the city, but the Japanese It is up to the embassy to try to soften that fate. On the afternoon of December 18, we were able to convince the Japanese embassy that the situation in Nanking was in fact dire by pointing out a series of events.The Japanese embassy then notified the Japanese military authorities of the incident, and at the same time asked us to inform it of other incidents, so that it can keep reporting to the military whether the situation has improved. The 3 sets of files here relate to: 1. Safe zone 2. University 3. Americans The full profile is chronologically organized and numbered, so it is possible to view our impact on each day at the Japanese embassy. The series of documents concerning Americans only deals with the life, property and dignity of Americans. The series of documents related to the university not only involves the university itself, but also involves the restoration of public order in a wider range.In the "Safe Zone" series of documents we have tried to limit ourselves to events in the Safe Zone itself, making exceptions to record some incidents involving foreigners and creating difficulties for our activities.The attached checklist provides an overview of the situation. We hope these documents help you understand the situation. your faithful Signed: Lewis SC Smythe and: Mr. Mills would like me to draw your attention to the appendix "A6" of the series of documents, which is the list of the property of the looted Americans found by Mr. Mills' investigation. You will find that neither the property of the store nor the embassy is included in it. the property of.A special list in this regard was submitted to the Japanese Consulate Police on December 23 by special request.The request for the submission of the list was sent only on 22 December, so the list was hastily produced and is based on Mr. Mills' previous visits to these jurisdictions.Mr. Gao Yu, a police officer of the Japanese Consulate, specifically asked about the details in the list.During this time, we have no evidence that he gave this list to Japanese embassy officials. So, with regard to the list of documents attached here, I would also like to mention that we have ascertained that letters which we had given to certain officials of the Japanese embassy were not delivered in time to the other gentlemen at the embassy.For this reason, I have included a detailed table of contents showing to whom each document was submitted. Signed: Lewis SC Smythe In a Japanese newspaper, The Tokyo Daily, dated December 17, 1937, which Dr. Bates lent me, I read the following brief: Normality has been restored! Chinese merchants are ready to open new stores! Nanjing, December 15, 1937.Nanking has been cleared of looting Chinese, and it can now be expected that the city will soon return to normalcy, with Chinese merchants leaving the refugee area and preparing to reopen for business. Peace and order in the city were maintained by the Japanese Gendarmerie, which posted sentries in front of all important buildings of the Chinese government, such as the Administrative Legislative Yuan, the Ministry of Finance, the Central Military Academy, and the Central Aviation School. The point to be made here is that normalcy has not returned today (January 8).Refugees still live in our safe zone and dare not go out because their wives are in danger of being raped by wandering Japanese soldiers. "Robbery Chinese" we have never seen.Maybe a few on the night of December 12-13.But compared to the Japanese soldiers who looted from December 13th, they were nothing but angels.Today there is not a single shop in the entire city that has not been looted by the Japanese.How to revitalize the shops in these looted, largely ruined, if not burnt, quarters remains a mystery to us. On the same page of this newspaper I read the following passage: Nanjing was in a state of misery, with ruins everywhere, and only the houses of foreigners remained intact. As reported by Command correspondent Sou Murakami: Only foreign embassies, legations, consulates and public buildings were not bombed by Japanese troops.This fact shows how accurately the Japanese bombed and how cautiously they bombed the former Chinese capital. What I want to say here is: if the "accuracy" of the Japanese bombing saved the European houses, and if (as said before) the Japanese troops did not attack such buildings out of prudence , then why were the same troops allowed to loot 40 of the 60 German houses and burn two completely down after they captured Nanking?Americans even had more than 100 (about 120) houses looted or destroyed by Japanese soldiers.There is absolutely no mistake, these crimes were not committed by Chinese troops, but by Japanese troops.I, and all the other members of the committee, had to witness not only these robberies, but also many other crimes, such as many innocent civilians being arrested and killed without reason by the Japanese, Nanjing Ninghai Road, January 8, 1938 to Mr. Fukuda Dekang, Japanese Embassy Nanjing Dear Mr. Fukuda: The compilation entitled "A Day in the Shuangtang Refugee Shelter" attached to the letter clearly shows that the residents of Nanking are still enduring the abuse and harassment of Japanese soldiers today. The compilation reported 13 incidents of Japanese soldiers breaking into places where Chinese refugees were housed within a 24-hour period. From these reported incidents, it can be seen that Japanese soldiers have often, if not always, caused great damage to the Chinese population, and that Japanese soldiers are absolutely forbidden to enter as clearly indicated by the American flag and notices from the American and Japanese embassies is the property of the jurisdiction of the United States. For your convenience, I would like to explain: Shuangtang shelter is located in the southwestern suburbs of the city. It is the property of the American Presbyterian Mission and consists of a school, a church and some ancillary buildings. A reliable source reported to us another atrocity by Japanese soldiers: yesterday afternoon 4 Japanese soldiers took away a Chinese woman and detained her for two hours in a house near the intersection of Mochou Road and Hanzhong Road .When a foreigner learned of the hijacking and arrived at the aforementioned location, the Japanese soldiers left the house with the woman. You will have to admit that as long as incidents like the one mentioned above are happening, it is impossible for Chinese refugees to return to their original places of residence. Allow me to emphasize once again that the restoration of normal conditions at Nanking (which, as we have been told, the Japanese authorities themselves wished to do so) depended entirely on the Japanese forces being brought back under strict and effective control. best regards your faithful Signed: Lewis SC Smythe A day in Shuangtang Refugee Shelter (From 13:50 on January 6th to 10:50 on January 7th, 1938) January 6, 1938: 13:503 Japanese soldiers dragged away and raped a woman. 14:10 A Japanese soldier took 3 Chinese to work. 14:304 Japanese soldiers came to the shelter to look around, and left after 20 minutes. 15:353 Japanese soldiers took 10 Chinese to work. 16:103 Japanese soldiers dragged a woman to a hut outside the gate but still belonged to the shelter and raped her. 16:402 Japanese soldiers broke into the shelter looking for the girl, and left after looking for 15 minutes. 17:053 Japanese soldiers broke into the building, threw everything in a mess, and left after 20 minutes. 18:352 Japanese soldiers asked 2 refugees to get girls for them, the 3 men were beaten when they refused their request. At 23:00, 3 Japanese soldiers climbed over the wall, captured 2 women and dragged them away. January 7, 1938: At 10:00, a Japanese soldier broke into the shelter and looked around, and left after 10 minutes. 10:15 A Japanese soldier with a weapon came to look for the girl, but failed and left. At 10:30, 303 Japanese soldiers came to fetch the girl, but they failed to catch the girl, but took away the guard's cotton shoes and left him their old shoes. At 10:50 a Japanese soldier broke into the building, threw everything in a mess, and left after 10 minutes. January 9, 1938 At 8:30, together with Kroeger visited Major Ishida at the Nanjing Hotel.We are going to buy rice and flour from him.Ishida didn't have time to discuss with us and asked us to come back tomorrow. At 10 o'clock, we met with Wang (Jimmy), a member of the self-government committee. He told us that the Japanese planned to forcefully close down our committee a few days ago.People reconsidered the matter later, but we were not allowed to sell rice to refugees anymore. (?) If the self-government wants to take the sale right into its own hands, we have nothing to object to. I went to see the private residences of Dr. Rosen and Huerter and the German embassy, ​​and found that everything was normal, except that there was no electricity, lighting or running water. Kroeger and Hartz arrived at headquarters at 11 o'clock to report a small murder they had witnessed.A Japanese officer and a Japanese soldier drove a Chinese civilian into a pond on Shanxi Road (near the boxer reparation foundation building).As the man stood hip-deep in the water, a soldier slouched behind a nearby sandbag barricade and shot the man until he fell into the pond. Dr. Rosen, Huerter, and Scharfenberg arrived on the British gunboat "Cricket", along with three British embassy officials, Consul Prideaux-Bron, Colonel Lowey Fraser and Air Attaché Mr. Walzer, but Walzer was not allowed to go ashore because the Japanese pretended not to know of his arrival.At 2 p.m., Kroeger, Hartz, and I headed to the German embassy. At 3 o'clock, the above-mentioned three German officials arrived there accompanied by Mr. Tanaka and Mr. Fukuda from the Japanese embassy. We welcomed them with a bottle of champagne that Kroeger got from whom I don't know.Dr. Rosen's car was stolen, and the Japanese lent (?!) a luxury Buick to him and a Ford bus to the German embassy.Rosen vowed never to return the two "beautiful" cars again.Together with Scharfenberg we looked at his house at No. 38 Tallgate.His house was looted and left in a mess.Among his many favorite items, "Master Sand" particularly misses his top hat and 40 ties.If we go on vacation in Japan, we'll keep an eye out to see if we catch a guy wearing one of these expensive clothes.Also, Scharfenberg was exceptionally composed, I thought he would throw a fit, but he maintained the excellent composure he had learned during his 37 years in China! At 8 o'clock in the evening, three gentlemen from the German embassy and Kroeger dined with me (along with wine that Kroeger got in Scharfenberg).I asked them to tell about the fate of the passengers on the three-masted sailing ship of the Fear and Matheson Company, about the fate of the "Bee" and "Panay".Hürter read Rosen's report to the Berlin Foreign Office, a copy of which I have unfortunately not been able to obtain to this day.According to Dr. Rosen, the 22 foreigners who stayed in Nanjing behaved as bravely as the first Christians in Rome, and they were all eaten by lions in the Colosseum.But lions don't like us at all, they like to eat Chinese meat.Asked about his position on the Japanese, he answered us with a Turkish proverb (he had worked at the Constantinople legation): "Before you cross the bridge, you must call the goat uncle. "This advice is good, and my attitude during this period is almost the same, that is to say, like a farmer treats a male goat.At 8 o'clock, when we were about to sit down at the table for dinner, a house near me, behind the Shanghai Commercial Savings Bank, caught fire. It seemed that the arrival of the embassy officials would not disturb the Japanese soldiers who had been ordered to set the fire.Since I had been used to this lighting in my neighbors for weeks, we were not alarmed by this incident. Nanjing Pingcang Lane January 10, 1938 Dear Mr. Allison: With regard to your request for confidential information on the status of the International Committee and its attitude towards the Japanese attempt to expropriate its rescue funds, I will give you a brief introduction to the development of the situation below. Our letter on December 17, 1937 (file Z9) should be said to have provided the necessary explanation to the Japanese authorities, because Consul General Katsuo Okazaki stated during his visit on December 16 that although the Japanese side cannot recognize our committee as legitimate , but still wants to negotiate with us, like admitting we are legitimate.On page 6 of the above-mentioned letter we wrote: "We hereby reiterate that we have no intention of continuing to perform the semi-administrative functions entrusted to us by the former Nanjing Municipal Government. We hope that you will take up this role as soon as possible so that we can serve as a Mere relief organizations to carry out their work.” As for our reserves, at our meeting on December 15 we were told by the commander of the Japanese Army Headquarters that we were at our disposal. However, on December 31, 1937 and January 1, 1938, we received reliable information that the Japanese Consul General had notified the group organizing the Self-Government Committee (Self-Government Committee) that it could take over the reserves and funds of the International Committee. We then established our position as follows in our confidential (internal) record of 3 January 1938 concerning the status of the International Committee: We are a civic group founded to help civilians suffering from war. 1. Food and money are at our disposal, for our committee to use for the above purposes, so we will try to keep the committee alive, but we will use our relief funds to suit the current situation here. 2. The administrative work performed by us is paid separately from our legal funds. (The salaries of the police are not paid by us, but by their administration separately. We offer rice to the police on the same terms as we offer to all other refugees and volunteer helpers. The municipality sends us to organize The salaries of those 3 employees are remitted separately.) Mr. Rabe prepared for this and informally informed Mr. Fukuda of our position on the evening of January 6 when he visited.The latter's visit was to inform Mr. Rabe, privately and unofficially, that the Japanese military authorities wished all future work to be done by the Self-Government Committee, and intended to take over all our funds and reserves.Because Mr. Fukuda asked Mr. Rabe to explain our situation and position to him in a private letter, Mr. Rabe immediately convened a committee meeting to discuss and confirm the text of Mr. Rabe’s reply letter to Mr. Fukuda on January 7. . (see dossier Z29) So things calmed down for a while.However, when the Japanese military authorities wanted to forcibly close our rice outlets on Saturday, January 8, we decided to voluntarily close our rice outlets yesterday morning after negotiating with Mr. Wang Chengtian, the new food commissioner of the Self-Government Committee.We wanted to do this 10 days ago, but as of yesterday, the self-government committee was simply unable to take over the rice sales.We will carry out the free rice distribution as usual.We made preparations and sent our five trucks to transport the 10,000 bags of rice provided by the Japanese army to the Self-Government Committee.For the rice sold, we will count the transportation cost; but for the rice distributed for free (the extra 1250 bags are said to be distributed free of charge outside the safe zone), we will not count the transportation cost. Another step in an attempt to exclude us was taken this morning when Mr. Major Ishida, Director of the Munitions Supply Division, suddenly refused to fulfill his previous agreement with us, according to which he was to sell us 3,000 sacks of rice and 5,000 sacks of flour for relief purposes.We don't want to buy this stock from the Autonomous Council, because we are perfectly satisfied as long as it supplies rice, flour, and coal for safe zones or other places open to civilians.In the meantime we try to keep some reserves in case this new institution breaks down or in case someone tries to raise prices through the acquired monopoly. Thank you for your interest in our cause that benefits the citizens of Nanjing. your faithful Signed: Lewis SC Smythe appendix: 1. Copy of Mr. John Rabe's letter to Fukuda dated January 7. (Dossier Z29) 2. The "Opinions on Restoring Normal Living Order in Nanjing" (Dossier Z30) is a document we wrote for the Autonomous Committee, and Mr. Fukuda asked for a copy of it from Mr. Rabe. Last night, after my guests were gone, I celebrated a belated Christmas.Dr. Rosen brought me letters: December 20th, 24th, 27th and January 6th from my wife in Shanghai, Gretel's letter from Haltern on November 12th and December Letter from Otto, 5th, Munich.There are also two photographs of Gretel with Ursey and Gudrun.I also got a good book, The History of Tillman's Son, two sausages of Sephora, two packets of Knagel bread, insulin, and two pounds of butter.All these things lay so magnificantly about me that I felt like a gifted soldier, and I thought I was as happy as our Otto. The reply Kroeger brought after calling on Major Ishida was that the Japanese were not going to sell us the promised rice and flour, they were only going to provide it to the Self-Government Committee.We stopped the sale of rice this morning, ahead of the Japanese order, much to the great disappointment of the Chinese refugees, because the Self-Government Committee has not yet set up its own outlets.The situation has thus become serious! Dr. Rosen visited us at our headquarters.The Japanese, like me, asked him to be careful in his reports.He said he responded like this: I want to report that you have cut off our water and electricity supply. No. 5 Ninghai Road, Nanjing January 10, 1938 Dear Mr. Allison: Because Mr. Dr. Bates investigated the incident involving Mr. Riggs, I ask him to write you a special report.In the status report attached here, I only listed this incident as "Incident 187". The "Status Report" is the continuation of our reports to date on the atrocities committed by Japanese soldiers in the safe zone. The first four incidents (Nos. 180-183) show how dangerous the civilians living near the military office on Zhongshan Road are. Incidents 184 and 186 illustrate the difficulties faced by those intending to return to their homes. The 185th incident is a clear evidence of the inhumanity of the Japanese army in the execution of civilians. More importantly, it also concerns us, the threat to the life and health of the residents, because the whole area, especially the pond, is still lying Full of dead bodies.Fortunately, the plague has not yet broken out in our city.However, if current conditions continue, especially if drinking water is not clean, we are always at risk of outbreaks of infectious diseases. Incident No. 187 shows that, in terms of maintaining order among the soldiers, there are several members of bad moral character, both in the Chinese and in the Japanese military police that we should trust.Dr. Bates has pointed out this point.Mr. Dr. Rosen told me today that he advised the Japanese to bring their first-class military police here from Tokyo if necessary. Hope these messages are useful to you. your faithful Signed: Lewis SC Smythe situation report (180) On the night of January 8, five or six Japanese soldiers broke into the house at No. 22 Shen Juren Lane, raped women and killed several Chinese with pistols. (Reporter: Ms. Li, 32 years old) (181) On the same night, four Japanese soldiers knocked on the door of No. 45 Gaojia Tavern and asked to enter. Since people did not immediately meet their demands, they shot with pistols. 3 women were raped. (Reporter: 3 women from Yuan’s family: 21, 25 and 29 years old, with the same address as above) (182) On January 7, two Japanese soldiers attempted to rape a young girl. Zhang Fuxi (transliteration), who wanted to stop this crime, was stabbed to death. (Compassion Society No. 7) (183) At 6:00 p.m. on January 8, three Japanese pilots raped an 18-year-old girl surnamed Gao at No. 4 Huaqiao Road, and shot random shots with pistols. (184) On January 9, an elderly man went back across the mountain from the safe zone to see his house to see if he could move back.When he got home, he found 3 Japanese soldiers at the gate of his house.The three Japanese soldiers shot at him without saying a word, wounding his legs.The man is currently in University Hospital. (Dr. Wilson) (185) Morning of January 9th.Mr. Kroeger and Mr. Hartz saw a Chinese civilian being driven to a pond next to Shanxi Road in the safe zone by a Japanese officer and a Japanese soldier to be executed.By the time Kroeger and Hartz got there, the man was staggering and standing in a hip-deep pool of water where the thin ice had been broken, and at the officer's orders, the Japanese soldier dropped down behind a sandbag and started shooting.The first shot hit the man in the shoulder, the second missed and the third shot killed him. (Reporters: Kroeger, Hartz) Of course we have no right to protest the lawful execution by the Japanese army, but this method of execution is undoubtedly inappropriate and cruel.In addition, we would like to take this opportunity to revisit an issue that we have often discussed in our private conversations with the gentlemen of the Japanese embassy.The contamination of ponds with dead bodies has greatly reduced or destroyed water sources within the safe zone.The dangers of this situation must be pointed out especially during periods of prolonged water scarcity, especially since urban water mains are rarely restored. (186) At about 3:00 p.m. on January 9, Mr. Mills and Dr. Smythe went to Shuangtang to inspect the shelter there, and also to check whether the situation in the urban area (southwest of the city) allowed residents to return.When they arrived they encountered a woman with a child in her arms who had just been raped by three Japanese soldiers. (Reporters: Smythe, Mills) A special report on the Shuangtang refugee shelter was made a few days ago by Pastor Mills. (187) On the night of January 9, a sentry post of the Japanese Gendarmerie took away a woman from Dr. Smythe's residence at No. 25 Hankou Road, and a second Chinese woman from another house.Mr. Riggs, who was about to return to his residence at No. 23 Hankou Road, met the guard and was threatened by him with a bayonet. (See Special Report by Dr. Bates and Mr. Riggs) At 16:00, the Self-Government Committee set up a rice sales stall near our headquarters in the security zone.In this way we can temporarily escape from extreme difficulties.Pastor Mills took me to the American embassy and introduced me to Mr. Allison.We have so far submitted daily protests to the Japanese embassy over the repeated crimes committed by Japanese soldiers, and Mr. Allison has promised to continue to assist us as long as such protests are involved. At 9:00 a.m., a meeting of directors of refugee shelters was held on Ninghai Road.More than 20 people attended.Fitch and I gave a speech, praising the managers as a whole, and we ourselves were praised.As the meeting would go on for several hours to discuss the next steps, sanitation improvements, the takeover of the Home Rule Council and many other issues, I stepped back to visit the British embassy, ​​where I met Prideaux-Bron Sir, Colonel Lovett Fraser, Dr. Rosen, Mr. Allison, and Mr. Huerter.Upon inquiry, all the gentlemen of these three embassies expressed their willingness to accept our daily reports on the crimes committed by Japanese soldiers and to forward these reports to the Japanese embassies or to their own governments.This is a huge relief for our committee.If the embassies keep protesting, order may soon be restored. The following is a memo about the Wang Xinglong incident.A former Chinese military officer who worked for us through some connections was betrayed by his countrymen to the Japanese, who then arrested him.Regrettably, a group of innocent staff members of an American university were also arrested.The International Committee was thus in great difficulty.Rescuing the officer was simply impossible.But let's at least do our best to save the lives of other completely innocent university staff members.Things were complicated as buried weapons were also found. Minutes of the meeting on the Wang Xinglong incident Nanjing, at 14:30 on December 31, 1937 Participants: Dr. Xu Chuanyin, Housing Committee Member Mr. Wu Guojing, Director of the Sixth District of the Housing Commission Dr Ms Bates, Chairman of the University Relief Committee Dr Lewis SC Smythe, Secretary of the Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee 1. Dr. Xu pointed out that he is not responsible to the district directors, who hire their own assistants. 2. The director of the sixth district is a Mr. Wu, who doesn't know Wang Xinglong very well, but the two are from the same province and have known each other since Wang became a member of the housing committee.Ren Zeqing, the former director of the silkworm factory, was hired by Wu's father.He is not very capable, so he asked this Wang Xinglong to help him. 3. Wang used to be an inspector of the Municipal Police Department, which Wu knew. 4. The aforementioned Ren was jealous of the king and reported the matter to the Japanese Gendarmerie.Ren still lives in the silkworm factory today. 5. Wu claimed that these four men were not the ones who buried the weapons, but Wang told the Japanese soldiers that these four men did it. 6. Dr. Bates said that according to the statement of the man who signed the Chinese document, a man named Lin Chang (transliteration) (Wu interrupted him and said it was Lu Chang) had been there before, and he He had a disagreement with Wang, and later went to the Japanese, and yesterday he took his wife away from the silkworm factory.In addition, Mr. Tanaka told him yesterday that the king had raped women in the shelter.But this was denied by Wu. 7. Dr. Xu asked about our attitude, and Dr. Bates told him that if Wang was a soldier before, we would not be able to intervene, because such incidents involve military affairs, and Wang came to us as an outsider.But we (University Board) are willing to vouch for the two servants, and also for the other refugees involved in this incident. 8. Dr. Xu left to report to the Japanese embassy. Today, the Japanese interrupted our rice supply.At noon today, our work of transporting rice for the self-governing committee stopped.In the afternoon, while I was still in the office, the Japanese military police searched our headquarters at No. 5 Ninghai Road.It is said that they are looking for a bag of old clothes that was snatched by a refugee. This bag of clothes was taken from him a few days ago and hidden in the office of the Director General of our headquarters, Fitch.Almost all the rooms at our headquarters were open this afternoon, with the exception of Fitch's room, which caught the attention of the Japanese.Before they could pry the door open, Kroeger arrived, sent for the key, and immediately handed over the bag of clothes.The attitude of the Japanese military police is unbelievable.Had they mildly asked to come in, the bag of clothes would have been handed over to them immediately, and there was no need to surround the whole headquarters for it.The gendarmes were ordered to climb over the yard fence from all sides and found our reserves of petrol and diesel stored in the yard.Now we have to move these reserves to a safe place so they don't take them, because I'm afraid of being confiscated.看来有人想把上面描述的这件事情制造成“一起事件”，因为衣服是被一个中国难民抢走的。我还得同大使馆取得联系，以确定我应该对这起宪兵侵犯事件持什么态度。我们可是不知道何时会有第二步，结果如何。 纵火还在继续，北面有一所房子在熊熊燃烧。19时，在回家的路上，我的汽车被一个日本岗哨拦住，但当他认出卐字旗和我的党徽时，我的汽车立即被放行了。 今天下午，被日本人于12月13日解除武装的中国警察厅由自治委员会接管。 一个月前的今天，南京落人日本人之手。被枪杀的那个中国士兵还没有被掩埋，被绑在一张竹床上，陈尸于离我的住所约50米的街头。早上7时，波茨坦广场（新街口）附近两所房子燃起了熊熊大火，这是日本人惯常的用来暖手的晨火。我们对此已习以为常了，如果火不在离我们很近的地方点燃，我们就感谢造物主了。 我造访了德国、美国和英国大使馆，同罗森博士先生、阿利森先生和普里多－布龙先生讨论了昨天我们的总部被搜查一事。他们同我在下面这一点上是一致的：在没有事先通知有关大使馆或者在没有大使馆的一个成员的陪同下，日本宪兵是不允许闯入欧洲人的房屋的。在提出要求方面，我比贝茨博士走得还要远些，他的观点写在下面这篇备忘录里。 今天下午城南发生了新的纵火案，又有一些中国人被杀害。我们向各个大使馆报告了一起特别可怕的事件。在这期间所有大米销售都停止了！既不允许我们往安全区运米又不允许运煤。日本人在安全区内张贴了告示，要求安全区的难民返回他们的住所。住所被烧毁了或者被洗劫了，这并没有被考虑到。 为了同日本人友好相处，我想出了一个计划。我想解散安全区委员会，成立一个国际救济委员会，在这个委员会里也应有日本代表。我是否会成功，还要等着看。这个建议首先必须同安全区委员会成员和3个大使馆的官员们讨论。 对抄家、没收和恐吓的态度的建议 我提出以下建议供批评和讨论： 这些建议是根据处理有关中国人的事件的经验提出的，这些中国人或者同美国人或美国机构存在有直接的雇佣关系，或者服务于在美国辖区的南京安全区国际委员会。 这方面的基础是合同、历史事件和习惯法，习惯法允许外国人雇佣中国人并利用他们的劳动而不允许来自第三方的干预和恐吓的发生。在上海和其他地方的日本当局，近几年特别重视维护这些原则以防止对他们自己的职员产生压力。 1.我们承认有权力在我们的辖区进行被授权的和有秩序的抄家，尤其是如果在这样的抄家之前或同时对理由作出令人满意的解释。 2.我们不想保护作恶者免受对其行为结果的惩罚，也不想干预对居民进行合法的军事或政治的检查。 3.我们抗议违法地、没有理由地或强制性地闯入我们的辖区和房屋。 4.我们抗议任意干预我们在我们美国的辖区合法地建立机构或企业，也抗议强迫拉走我们的中国助手或者对其进行恐吓。 如果上述最后两个建议在深入的研究之后证明是有理由的，那么在处理可能发生涉及我们的财产和我们的中国人员的事件时，可以把这两个建议作为积极的建议和要求一并加以考虑。 Signed: Ms Bates 1938年1月12日 事态报告 （188）今天早上，两个按照规定由日本人登记了的中国人（马和殷）动身前往地处汉西门的马的住房去探望马失明的母亲。邻居告诉他们，她被日本兵打死了，他们看到的是她的尸体。在返回安全区的路上，他们被日本士兵拦住。日本士兵抢走他们的衣服，然后用刺刀戳他们，并把他们扔进了一条沟里。但是这两个中国人只有一人死了，另一个人苏醒了过来，爬出了沟。看到这一情形有同情心的同胞给了他衣服，因此他得以回到蚕厂。朋友们用一张床把他从那儿抬到了我们总部。菲奇先生张罗着把他送进了鼓楼医院。（受伤者向吴先生报告） 注意：这是想重返住所的难民对遇到种种困难的一系列抱怨中的又一个抱怨。 委员会其他成员不同意我把安全区委员会改组成南京国际救济委员会的建议。他们认为我们的安全区委员会事实上得到了日本人的承认，他们担心一旦我们自动解散老的委员会，人们可能会对我们完全不予理睬。我当然服从多数，因为我们必须无条件地一致，尽管我认为，我的建议是为同日本人在友好的基础上共处并得到我们大家都希望的结果，即为防止难民饿死和使城市恢复和平与秩序，指出了唯一的出路。 通过英国海军的传递，我收到了上海西门子洋行的一份注明日期为1月10日的无线电报，让我处理完这里的商务尽快同韩先生一起去上海。明天我将予以答复，目前不论是外国人还是中国人都不允许离开这座城市。克勒格尔曾多次企图从日本人那儿获得许可去上海，但到目前为止每次都被拒绝了。 罗森博士和克勒格尔为了看看施梅林在阵亡战士孤儿院附近的住宅和埃克特博士在孙中山陵园地区的住宅，去了城外。两处住宅在12月28日虽然遭到抢劫，但还算完好。可今天被证实，两栋建筑在此期间被烧毁了。在返回的路上，上述两位先生（乘坐罗森博士的大使馆公用车）被由福田陪同下的日本军官拦住。罗森博士和日本人之间开始了一场热烈的谈话。日本人想知道他为什么在城外逗留，就是说他为什么不服从日本军方的命令。（您为什么不服从日本军方的规定？）罗森博士回答说，他从没有许诺过服从日本军方的命令，作为一名外交官，他要求能够从事自己的事务，尤其是因为他准备查实在南京的德国人财产被日本人毁坏到了何等地步。日本人要求罗森博士写一份与此相应的书面声明。罗森博士返回后把这起事件电告了上海，我急切地等待着结果。有机会斯迈思博士也要就昨天警察对我们宁海路总部的袭击事件向上海报告。 英国海军电报，上海拍发：上海，1938年1月10日接收：南京，1938年1月13日菲舍尔·菲利普斯德国驻南京大使馆转拉贝西门子洋行南京办事处 结束商务事宜，同韩速来上海。 拍发：南京，1938年1月13日给上海德国总领事馆的回电：拉贝致西门子洋行（中国） 对于您1月10日的来电回复如下：目前不论是外国人还是中国人均不允许离开南京。 Rosen 南京安全区国际委员会南京宁海路5号1938年1月13日致自治委员会南京鼓楼新村1号 因为我们停止了用救济基金储备向前南京城市管理部门为维护秩序而派给我们的警察提供大米，我们在此把有关人员的名单寄给贵方。该名单和我们原先得到的档案名单一致。这份名单包括了奉命履行这一任务的全部警察的姓名。 我们希望，贵方可以在贵方新的管理部门使用这些警察。 衷心地祝贵方为南京居民的幸福作出的努力取得良好的成就。 your faithful Signed: Lewis SC Smythe secretary 国际红十字会在鼓楼医院举行的会议上作出规定，对于送到医院来的病人以及由红十字会介绍来的病人是否应给予免费治疗，将由麦卡勒姆决定。前一段时间，约翰·马吉先生送来的免费病人大多，其中有一名妇女，送到医院的时候人们说她身无分文，但是在换床单的时候却在她的床上发现了300元钱。在我的提议下，1月份红十字会提供鼓楼医院5000元款额用于免费治疗病人。而上个月我们从国际红十字会的款项中付给鼓楼医院的钱约为9000元。 张（国珍）的妻子经治疗已基本痊愈，可以出院。我们用汽车送她回家。张把他上月的薪水计30元全部给了医院，所差的款额我支付了。 自治委员会的吉米·王告诉我们，日本人提供给他的1万元全是日本军用钞票，甚至连日本商人都不肯收。原来答应给的1万袋米他只拿到1000袋，仅够用半天。 1938年1月6日上海《新申报》的文章译文： 南京苏维埃大使馆发生灾难性大火。共产党人的秘密计划大暴露。共产党人为了销毁自己抗日运动的文件证据，纵火烧毁自己的大使馆。 1938年1月1日上午11时，驻南京的苏维埃大使馆突然起火。所有建筑物都浓烟滚滚，火焰冲天，一直延续到下午4时。1月2日下午又烧了一次。整栋使馆楼被烧毁，使馆官员们的住房也完全被烧毁。邻近的居民谁都无法对这次失火提供详情。但是我们的南京通讯社的代表们还是从各个方面了解到一些情况。该大使馆的围墙特别高，人们不易攀越。日本军队占领南京时，立即主动提出为该大使馆提供保护，但却遭到大使馆官员们的严词拒绝，他们称他们自己会负责保护。失火前的好多天，有人发现中国人不断出入大使馆这些楼房。夜里这些房屋有时特别明亮，给人的印象是在发出灯光信号。在火灾废墟中还找到了弹药箱。若是考虑到从调查中得出的种种事实，那么毫无疑问，大使馆内人员来往和物资搬运都是为了实施秘密计划和从事秘密活动。在此情况下，估计他们是担心，大使馆慢慢地会变得不那么保险了，因此宁可把所有房屋连同其危险材料付之一炬。只要人们考虑到中国共产党最近已决心全力支持持久的抗日保卫战争，并为此使用自己独特的方法，对前面的情况也就不难理解了。这方面的例子不胜枚举，在这儿我们只提一句流行的话：“日本人的纵火导致饥饿的民众穷困潦倒，流浪街头。” 这就是他们别有用心的骗人把戏。他们也散发反日的传单，目的在于挑起日本与其他国家间的不和睦。 1937年11月中旬日本军队占领（上海）南市后没几天，中国共产党的党员也在那里纵火烧了一批房屋。他们总是采用这种方式。在松江、嘉兴和其他地方，也可以看到同样的情况。 纵火烧毁苏维埃驻南京大使馆又是共产党人卑鄙行径的一个例证，他们没有其他损害日本军队的办法。 以上为MS贝茨匆匆所译。 南京安全区国际委员会总部搜查记： 1938年1月11日，当我在下午2时左右到达宁海路5号我们的总部时，我发现总部整个区域已被日本士兵包围起来，大楼内也有许多日本兵。一个会说法语的日本军官告诉我，他正在寻找一包衣服，它是几天前住房委员会第六区任先生送交我们的。这军官已经搜查过其他所有房间，正等着菲奇先生办公室的钥匙。佣人拿来钥匙后，我们大家都到菲奇先生的办公室去，找到了那个军官所要的那包衣服。那个军官要我给他写一张转交衣服的证明。我写的证明如下（从英文译为德文）： 兹证明一个内有中国人衣服的包裹已由任先生交给我们。按照任先生的说明，该包衣服是难民们抢来的，后来被没收，并交到宁海路5号我们办公室。 签名：克·克勒格尔 这张证明是当着日本陆军宪兵队一名宪兵的面写的。 签名：克·克勒格尔 任先生给我一份中文清单，说是里面的东西全都列在单子上。当时我没机会查看这份清单，那位军官和日本士兵们旋即在任先生陪同下离去了。 我查问这件事时，我们总部的人告诉我，日本兵早在12时半就开始包围我们的总部，随后有四五个士兵冲进房子，没有询问屋子里的佣人，也没有取得租住户拉贝先生的许可，就搜查起所有的房间。门房问日本兵要干什么，回答是他们要寻找坏人。因为士兵们没有找到他们要找的东西就走了。 下午1时30分，那个军官又带着士兵回来重新包围了整个总部，并指挥士兵翻越围墙，再次搜查屋子。这次也没有征得拉贝先生的同意，对佣人也不理不睬，只在门房处打听许博士在哪里。当一个佣人回答说许博士不在时，他几次被打；当佣人提出要去找一位外国先生来时，他们回答说不愿跟外国人打交道。因此佣人请人去自治委员会把王承天叫来。我下午2时到达时他刚到。 菲奇先生对此说道，这包不明不白的衣物是按许博士的指示于三四天前交给我们总部的，因为这包东西是一个难民抢来的。 签名：克·克勒格尔 南京宁海路5号1938年1月14日 尊敬的阿利森先生： 谨寄上我们安全区卷宗的另一份文件（我们致福田先生信函的副本），即在此以前我们就向南京市民供应粮食和燃料事宜所进行的历次谈判的情况汇总。我认为，您昨天晚上对里格斯先生提出的关于我们燃煤的消耗量的问题由此也可得到答案。 我们对燃煤的需求量（12月30日的需求量——卷宗Z23）共计为： 用于粥厂600吨软煤（每天10吨，2个月用量）； 用于大学医院50吨软煤（此外还有现在需要的50吨硬煤）； 用于市民家庭1000吨煤（软煤和硬煤）。 这和我们现在列出的2000吨需求量大体相符。当然，市民私人的需求量是无法精确估计的。（可以根据粥厂的用煤量进行估计，即一吨米需用一吨煤。如果日耗量为113吨，那么两个月约为8000吨。不过也要考虑到市民烧火不仅用煤，也用其他多种燃料。） 请您不要对福田先生提及您收到了附上的信函副本，但您可以利用信中通报的内容。福田先生的表现很友好，在这件事上很配合，并且答应今天下午就和军事当局就此事进行磋商。我们不打算在信中提出任何要求，只想明确指出我们的需求量是多少。 顺致友好的问候，衷心感谢您的帮助。 您非常忠实的 签名：LSC斯迈思 南京宁海路5号1938年1月14日致福田德康先生日本大使馆南京 Dear Mr. Fukuda: 12月21日我们委员会几位委员曾提请日本当局注意，目前供南京市民用的粮食和燃料储备量不足，并恳请有关当局采取必要的措施，以控制局势。12月27日我和福井先生就此事进行讨论，我特别就我们的米和煤的储备做了说明。福井先生回答我说，日军管理部门倾向于把分配大米的工作交由自治委员会办理；但他同时也表示愿意帮助我们设法搞到粥厂用的煤。后来只有一家煤栈供煤给自治委员会用于救济目的。我们于12月27日去查看了这家煤栈，当时它有550吨煤。但在这期间其他方面从这煤栈运走了几批数量较大的煤，因此只剩下100吨煤可供给我们的粥厂。 正当我们和福井先生谈判时，负责这期间日军军需处的T.石田少佐主动向我方施佩林先生提出，他可以出售给我们较大数量的米和面粉用于救济。后来我们的克勒格尔和施佩林先生从石田少佐那里得到5000袋米和1万袋面粉的供货发盘，我们随即在1月7日向他订购3000袋米和5000袋面粉。石田少佐先生还答应卖给我们600吨煤供我们的粥厂使用。然而3天后克勒格尔先生为了大米的交货事宜去找石田少佐时，他得到的消息是，他们既不可以卖米和面粉，也不可以卖煤给我们，因为全部赈济事务必须由自治委员会办理。 1月8日，自治委员会告诉我们，日本人已经提供给他们1250袋大米，用于在安全区以外的地区免费分发，同时还提供了1万袋大米，用于出售。自治委员会请求我们协助他们运输这些储备粮。我们于1月9日即星期日立即采取必要的准备措施，并在星期一上午派出了5辆卡车。这时，自治委员会获得准许，可以把原先规定免费分发的1250袋大米用于出售，并在以后提供的1万袋总数中提出同等数量用于免费分发。1250袋米在2天内运完，大米刚到就销售一空。当我们派出的监督和执行运输人员在1月12日提取另外的1万袋米时，他们却被告知，这期间发布了一道新的命令，根据此项命令，每3天提供10O0袋米。光为谈判此事就白白花去了2天时间。 昨天也就是1月13日，我们进行的一次调查表明，我在12月27日告诉您的煤栈全部存煤本来是用于市民需要的，现在要么已被运走，要么已被烧掉（这7家煤栈12月27日的存煤有2000多吨）。 我们非常愿意在对没有其他援助来源的市民进行救济方面同您和自治委员会合作。下述事情就是我们对您表现诚意的证明：我们于1月10日根据自治委员会的建议关闭了我们的米店，并于同日用我们的卡车帮助该会运回日本当局提供给它的米。我们的粥厂和难民收容所没有从中得到过一袋米。 我们听说，经贵方登记的人口共有16万，其中不包括10岁以下的儿童，城里有几个地区甚至连年长的妇女也不包括在内。因此，城里的市民总数可能有25万～30万人。按正常口粮供应这些人，每天需要2000担米，即1600袋。由此可见，您所配给的每3天1000袋米还不到所需量的三分之一。直至今天，大部分市民仍然靠自己带来的存粮生活。但这些存粮不久就会用完，因为从1月1日起大米交易数已经急剧上升。因此应当立即采取预防措施，使市民每日至少能够买到1000袋米，并尽快将供米数量提高到每日1600袋。 此外，应该提供更多的面粉和2000吨煤以及其他燃料，以满足购买者一两个月的需要。时至冬季，为了使市民免遭更大的痛苦，有必要采取深思熟虑和切实有效的措施。 因此我冒昧向您提问：以前我们之间达成的协议出于何种原因被取消？或者说，此事目前的情况如何？市民必须吃饭。若是不给他们米，不给他们烧饭用的燃料，他们就会遇到极大的困难。因此我恳请您尽快与军事当局作出安排，长期供应市民足够数量的米和燃料。至于米和燃料是通过我们委员会还是自治委员会进行分配，这完全无关紧要。我们委员会只希望市民能够买到生活所必需的粮食和燃料。我们认为，当前值得推荐的做法是通过商业买卖进行。 最后我还要说明，我们委员会对贵方关于如何改进我们工作的任何建议都将十分感激。 衷心感谢您在这件事上不辞辛劳的帮助，顺致友好问候！ 您十分忠实的. Signed: John Rabe Chairman of Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee