Chapter 15 January 38 Diary 2

January 4, 1938 Unfortunately, my residence (Little Taoyuan) is too close to the boundary of the safe zone.I worry all the time that my house will catch fire one day.Three more neighboring houses caught fire yesterday.As I write this, another cloud of smoke rises into the sky from the south.Also, the city is kept in darkness at all times, although the turbines in Shimonoseki are said to be functioning normally.Some people said that the power cut was not only because of the radio, but also because of the fear of the air attack of the Chinese planes.It is said that the air raid the day before yesterday was very successful. Some people say that 20 Japanese planes were destroyed and 200 people were killed.This may be an exaggeration, but it is somewhat warranted.The atrocities committed by the Japanese military have not yet ended, as can be seen from the following letter to the Japanese embassy.We have continued to protest, but unfortunately, in terms of individual events, there is no obvious effect.Generally speaking, the situation has improved after the Japanese set up a special military police force to protect the safe zone, but there are also some suspicious elements among these military police.I have just heard with regret that Mr. Dr. Rosen will not be here until January 10th.

Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee, No. 5, Ninghai Road, Nanjing, January 4, 1938, to the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Nanjing We are sorry that we have to report to you again the atrocities committed by your soldiers, and hope that through your intervention the 5 victimized women will be rescued. As you will see from the enclosed short compilation of incidents 176-179, incident 178 concerns six women who were taken from one of our refugee shelters, one of whom is now in University Hospital, where you can always ask her questions.If you wish, we can take you to see her, giving you the opportunity to learn, through personal inquiries, the details of the whereabouts of the other five women.This will allow your gendarmerie to further investigate the incident and rescue the 5 women.

Thank you in advance for your help. Best regards Signed: John Rabe chairman Atrocities by Japanese Soldiers in the Nanjing Safety Zone (176) On January 2, 1938, between 10:00 and 11:00, a Japanese soldier broke into Liu Peikun's residence at No. 5 Chenjiaxiang.claiming that the home will be inspected.When he saw Liu's wife, he asked her a series of questions about the condition of the house.As Liu's wife began to answer the questions, others in the room motioned her to leave, as they noticed the Japanese man was trying to lure her into another room.When she was about to get away, her man, Liu Peikun, came and cursed at the Japanese man and punched him in the face, and the Japanese man left the house.Then, Mrs. Liu made lunch for her husband and five children.At 4:00 p.m., the soldier came again, this time with a pistol, looking for Liu, who was hiding in the kitchen. The neighbors begged him to forgive Liu, and some even knelt down to the Japanese soldiers, but to no avail. , could not stop him.Once the soldier found Liu, he shot him in the shoulder.When people called Dr. Xu Chuanyin to go at 4:30, Liu had already died.John Magee arrived later, and he confirmed the situation. (Xu and Magee)

(177) At 15:00 on January 2, 1938, Mr. Sperling and Mr. Fitch were called to their residence at No. 13 Ninghai Road, where four Japanese soldiers broke into and attempted to rob and rape women.When these Japanese soldiers saw Mr. Sperling wearing a black swastika armband, they ran away shouting "Germans, Germans". (Sperling) (178) On January 3, 1938, a woman who is currently housed in the University Hospital reported that she was tricked out of No. 6, Jiayin Lane, together with five other women, on December 30, 1937, allegedly for the Japanese The officers washed their clothes, and the Japanese soldiers took them to a house in the western suburbs, which they believed to be a Japanese military hospital based on the situation.Here, they do have to do laundry during the day, but they are raped repeatedly every night, the older women are raped 10 to 20 times a night, while the younger and more beautiful women are raped as many as 40 times.

On January 2, two Japanese soldiers dragged our female patient to a remote school building, stabbed her 10 times with a bayonet, and stabbed her neck 4 times. On the joint of the hand, one knife was stabbed in the face, and four knifes were stabbed in the back.Although the woman is expected to recover, she cannot bend her neck.The two Japanese soldiers abandoned her thinking she was dead.But she was found by other Japanese soldiers, who saw her miserable state and sent her to some Chinese friends who later took her to the hospital. (Dr. Wilson) (179) On January 3, an immature 14-year-old girl was raped and injured so badly that she could recover only through the careful treatment and nursing care of a doctor. (Dr. Wilson)

Coal Reserve Documentation January 4, 1938 On January 1, 1938, we were notified by the Self-Government Committee that the Japanese authorities had allocated to it 550 tons of coal from Muh Hing Hall No. Batches of coal are supplied to our porridge factory in the city. Mr. Riggs, who was entrusted with arranging the transport of the coal, found the following when he reached the depository: 1. When I saw it for the first time, there were nearly 500 tons of reserves, but only 70 tons were left after being transported. 2. The storage shed for storing briquettes (powdered coal) has been burned together with the storage.

3. When we further investigated the storage of 50 tons of coal, we found that it was not soft coal as we thought, but hard coal of very low quality. 4. In addition to the above-mentioned quantity, there are still 80 tons of soft coal, which are being transported away. The end result is that the total stockpiles originally estimated at 550 tons are actually left with the following stockpiles: 80 tons of soft coal; 50 tons of low-quality hard coal; 70 tons of high-quality hard coal; A total of 200 tons. (Note: One of the large coal piles is only coal on the surface and stones below.)

In order to make up for the 600 tons of coal necessary for the operation of our porridge factory for the last two months, we propose that we either have coal transferred to us from another storehouse (if it still exists, we cannot ascertain) outside the Hansi Gate. Use, or transfer the coal from the No. 6 storage place (Shouxingqiao Dayangcunkou Huali Company) on our original list to us. John H.D. Rabe Nanjing January 4, 1938 To Mr. Tanaka Secretary, Imperial Japanese Embassy Nanjing Dear Mr. Tanaka: I hereby take the liberty to hand you a letter addressed to Mr. Rosen Shanghai and a letter addressed to Ms. Dora of Shanghai Siemens Co. in the hands of the recipient.

Thank you in advance for your help. your faithful Signed: John Rabe John HD Rabe Nanjing January 4, 1938 to Mr. Dr. Rosen Secretary German Consulate General Shanghai Dear Mr. Rosen: I just heard at the Japanese embassy that you will arrive here on January 10th.We look forward to your arrival.Please, bring me some pounds of butter, which is no longer available here, and some insulin, please.I wrote to my wife about it.She will give you both.If possible, please ask her.Address: No. 233 Nanjing Road, Siemens Co., Ltd. (China) turn to Ms. Dora Rabe.Thanks in advance for any help.Please take this letter with you, Mr. Tanaka, secretary of the Japanese embassy, ​​because he is going to Shanghai today.

kind regards your faithful Signed: John Rabe John HD Rabe Nanjing January 4, 1938 Siemens Co., Ltd. (China) transferred to Ms. Dora Rabe No. 233, Nanjing Road, Shanghai My dear Dora: Mr. Tanaka, secretary of the Japanese embassy, ​​went to Shanghai today, and he kindly offered to bring me a letter. I only have a few minutes to write this letter. I just want to tell you quickly that I am in good health.All the other Germans and Americans here are fine too.I heard that Mr. Dr. Rosen will be here on January 10th.I took this opportunity to write him a note as well.I'd like a few pounds of butter, which is scarce here now.I also want a little insulin if possible.I still have a little insulin here, but not much anymore.

writing this today with warm greetings and kisses to you your Signature: Johnny And: Warm greetings to all the ladies and gentlemen in the office there. Signature: Johnny Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee, No. 5, Ninghai Road, Nanjing, January 4, 1938, to the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Nanjing Mr. Fu Shunying, an employee of the Standard Oil Company, came to my office this morning to report that since last Friday, December 31, 1937, Mr. Meade and his staff have received daily Japanese Attack of soldiers.They raped women and robbed many valuables. The doorman, police and other staff who live there and guard the house, whose lives are often at risk, pleaded to protect Mr. Meade and his staff's remaining private property from continued looting. Best regards Signed: GA Fitch Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee, No. 5, Ninghai Road, Nanjing, January 4, 1938, to the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Nanjing Wang Qingrong (transliteration), a warehouse handyman at Texaco Petroleum Co., Ltd. (China), came to my office yesterday to report the following: On December 30, 1937, two Japanese soldiers, one of whom was obviously an officer, came to the warehouse of the above-mentioned company at No. 58, Fenghuang Village, Hanximen, and forced Wang with a pistol to open the door of the house he was guarding, and robbed Two trucks and two other cars as well as 40 boxes of personal effects and 100 gallons of gasoline for Texaco employees.They also tore down the American flag and put it underfoot, before burning it.Then they tried to force Wang to sign a receipt worth more than 1,000 yuan.He refused to do so, and was taken away tied up, not allowed home until the next day when he finally offered to sign, and threatened with killing him and his family if he revealed the story.His 10-year-old daughter and his aunt were raped by Japanese soldiers. A bag of money was later found on a table in the warehouse, and Wang's father, Wang Fuyu, brought it to me this morning untouched.This package contains 700 yuan, and I am sending it to you with this letter, as well as a note from the officer to Wang.The key to the office in the warehouse was taken by the officer.The key to the gate was handed over to me by the king, and I am also attached here. Texaco Oil Company will surely thank you if you take on the preservation of this home. With high respect Signed: GA Fitch Nanjing, January 1, 1938 to the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Nanjing I hereby take the liberty to draw your attention to the fact that Japanese soldiers broke into our house at No. 54 Mochou Road three times yesterday and four times today.One of the soldiers behaved particularly badly today.When I showed him the text of Mr. Gao Yu, a police officer of your consulate, certifying that the house is American property, and reminded him of this, he tore up the text to show me that he did not think it was worthy of attention.Homes in our jurisdiction have been repeatedly looted by soldiers of your army. Our house at No. 48 Tianji Lane was raided 4 to 5 times by soldiers of your army today.I myself encountered 4 soldiers there around 5pm.One of them was so drunk that he behaved particularly badly, smashing a stolen magnet against the wall and smashing a glass window in my presence as he left the house.Today, a woman was raped in the building of this school, which is even more serious and symbolizes the indiscipline of these soldiers. Of course I know that the gentlemen of your embassy have done their best to urge the military authorities to restore order and discipline to the soldiers.And I am pleased to find that the overall situation in the past week has improved significantly compared to the previous two weeks.However, incidents like the ones mentioned above are unfortunately not the only ones, and they show that the conduct of your troops has yet to be improved. Therefore, I have repeatedly taken the liberty to ask you to continue to take measures to restore order and discipline as soon as possible, so that the residents' trust in public order can be restored. loyal Signed: WP Mills Nanjing, January 1, 1938 to the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Nanjing It is with great regret that I feel the need to draw your attention to the fact that in the past 4-5 days, 8 chairs were taken away by Japanese soldiers from the building of No. The announcement of the Japanese embassy clearly indicates that it is the property of the United States.What I can personally verify is that 3 of the chairs were used by Japanese soldiers on a road near the school.I asked the soldiers to allow our school servants to retrieve the chairs. My request was refused, but they promised to return the chairs later.Promises during this period have not been fulfilled.But we were able to retrieve 3 of the chairs a few days later in a nearby house where Japanese soldiers had evacuated.Since then, the whereabouts of the remaining chairs are unknown. I have had a conversation with a soldier in your army, from whom I have obtained a penciled note, which I attach here, which may be of assistance to your investigation of the matter. In connection with the above-mentioned incident, I would also like to mention that your soldiers recently stole rice from the servants of the above-mentioned school twice recently.You have to admit that it is impossible for our servants to fulfill their obligations as long as such events occur.Because they were repeatedly harassed by your soldiers, they didn't feel a little bit safe. I therefore once again request you to take steps to restore the necessary order. loyal Signed: WP Mills Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee, No. 5, Ninghai Road, Nanjing, January 5, 1938, to the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Nanjing I hereby inform you that yesterday, January 4, at 5:00 p.m., three Japanese soldiers first used bayonets to force the guard to open the house gate for them, and then climbed over the courtyard wall and broke into my house (No. 21, Baotai Street).My house was ransacked and some belongings were looted. As far as I know, this is the first time this year that Japanese soldiers have broken into my house.There have been multiple break-ins in the last year, with bedding, clothing and other items stolen. Best regards Signed: GA Fitch inspection report Overseas Chinese Club Refugee Shelter Examined by Lowe, Wang, Mills and Messrs. Foster on 3 January 1938. organize: Director: Mr. Mao Qingting, with 19 assistants. Number of refugees: 1100. About 20 men went out to work for the Japanese soldiers every day, and they were sometimes paid extra rice. Mr Feng Xiaohe, who speaks English and is associated with Mr Thorne, had previously worked at the bridge room and the Yangtze Hotel. The house was dark, dirty, and poorly ventilated.Garbage and waste piled up everywhere. Almost all refugees cook inside the house. The people in the leadership appear to be incompetent and uneducated. Rice distribution: The shelter does not have a fixed daily rice allotment.Sometimes three or four bags are provided a day, and sometimes five bags are provided. Every adult gets one cup of rice a day, and children under 8 get half a cup a day. Each family cooks for itself. evaluate: Refugees should be urged to cook outside their homes. Care should be taken to strictly observe hygiene regulations.The house must be cleaned immediately and thoroughly.The International Committee shall provide brooms and other necessary tools for this purpose. I hope to find some educated people to lead the shelter. Refugee Shelter in the Campus of Siemens Examined by Lowe, Wang, Mills and Messrs. Foster on 4 January 1938. organize: (The statement is missing! - Mr. Han is the director, but he works at the headquarters of the International Committee during the day. - Rabe) Refugees live in straw-mat huts scattered throughout the compound. Number of refugees: 602, all registered by Mr. Rabe. Sometimes, about 30 people a day go out to transport coal for the international committee. Rice distribution: The shelter receives 3 packs of rice every day for distribution.2 cups per day for adults, 1 cup per day for children.People estimate that there are 300 cups in a bag of rice.Distribution is free.Each family cooks for itself. evaluate: In view of the small space and the resulting living difficulties, we suggest moving some refugees to the Judicial School on Zhongshan Road. Refugees in this shelter receive significantly more rice than those in other shelters. Zhongshan Road Judicial School Refugee Shelter Examined by Lowe, Wang, Mills and Messrs. Foster on 4 January 1938. organize: Director: Mr. Tong Xiechen, with 8 assistants. Number of refugees: 528. This shelter enjoys special protection from the Japanese Military Command. About 30 people go out to work for the Japanese every day. A Mr. Wang, who worked for two Chinese envoys stationed in Japan before and can speak Japanese, is now serving as a contact person here.In recognition of his merits, he was allowed to take a Japanese military train to Shanghai for a week's vacation. Between 80 and 100 male refugees were taken from the camp by Japanese soldiers and never returned. Housing all separate toilets for men and women.The shelter is cleaned daily to keep it clean.Well done shelter organization and leadership. There are also several vacant rooms available for refugees.Many rooms are equipped with iron beds. Rice distribution: The shelter receives 3 bags of rice every two days for distribution.Adults get one cup of rice per day, and children get half a cup per day.The vast majority of rice is distributed for free.Only a few people have the money to buy rice.People only eat dry rice (not porridge).One-third of the refugees in the shelter are from outside Nanjing, most of them from Shanghai. evaluate: The inspection committee has a favorable impression of the shelter.It appears that the leadership is good and the refugees are satisfied.One of these refugees was injured and we took him to the University Hospital for treatment. It may be possible to relocate refugees from other overcrowded shelters to this one. Many of the rooms and the belongings of the refugees placed inside were left untouched by Japanese soldiers. Silkworm Factory Refugee Shelter of Jinling University Examined by Lowe, Wang, Mills and Messrs. Foster on 4 January 1938. organize: Not enough! Acting director: Mr. Jin Zheqiao (transliteration) The original director of this shelter was arrested by the Japanese on suspicion of being a Chinese soldier. Number of refugees: 3304. More than 500 people live in sheds built with cloth or straw mats in the open air.The shelters are overcrowded and have poor sanitation.It appears that a proper organization is missing. Rice distribution: The shelter receives between 4 and 8 bags of rice every day.There has been no rice distribution for 2 days, and every 2 people get 1 liter of rice per day. Most of the rice is bought by refugees.Qiu Gangji (transliteration) is in charge of the sales, and his daily income is about 40 yuan.The leader of Group 6 has 120 yuan in his cash box.We estimate that the relevant revenues are accounted for, but no accounts have been submitted to the International Commission so far. complain: There are many complaints, specifically: 1. Rice is not available to the poorest and most needy; 2. Those who work cannot get rice; 3. Relatives and friends of the director can obtain rice without difficulty; 4. Most of the rice was sold outside the shelter; 5. Some refugees were forced to go to Jinling University to get porridge. evaluate: The shelter is overcrowded. If possible, some refugees should be moved to other shelters. The complaints we heard from random people we asked were so numerous and so consistent that it deserves a thorough examination of the qualifications of shelter leaders. Sanitation facilities, both inside and outside the house, are inadequate.Care must be taken to strictly observe hygiene regulations.We recommend that a competent and responsible person be hired as the shelter leader. Agricultural School Refugee Shelter Examined by Lowe, Wang, Mills and Messrs. Foster on 4 January 1938. organize: Director: Mr. Shen Jiayu, with 20 assistants. Number of refugees: 1658. There are team leaders, and they must report to the director.The director and team leader are responsible for investigating all disputes that arise. The shelter has an ambulance team and a team leader committee. There are separate toilets for men and women. A refugee is caught smoking opium. There were 28 people who had to pay 20 cents a day for their own food (see attached list, we also attached a pamphlet about the rules of the shelter). Rice distribution: The shelter receives 2-3 bags of rice every day for distribution.According to the leadership of the shelter, one bag (one load) of rice can be divided into 250 cigarette tins (about one cup per tin). Each adult gets a can of rice a day, and children get half a can. People eat porridge and dry rice. The shelter leaders exercised triple control over the distribution of rice so as not to send out double copies.Those who are rich or have their own rice, those who trade or smoke, cannot be rationed with rice.Each family cooks for itself. evaluate: The shelter is well led.The refugees seemed satisfied. The shelter leadership is very capable and accomplished. Bible Teacher Training School Refugee Shelter Examined by Lowe, Wang, Mills and Messrs. Foster on 4 January 1938. organize: Director: Pastor Guo Junde, a missionary, with assistants. Number of refugees: 3,400. The shelter was often robbed and harassed by Japanese soldiers.It was estimated that 70 percent of the women in the shelter had been raped.The situation has improved since the establishment of two guard posts of the Japanese Gendarmerie. Churches are held here every Sunday, and Bible classes are held on weekdays. There were various committees in charge of management, inspections, guards, sanitation, and feeding and drinking for Japanese soldiers who tried to break into the camp. Runs a special stove to supply hot water and sells it for a copper plate per barrel.Maintenance costs are expended from income. Rice distribution: The shelter receives 5 bags of rice every 2 days. At present, most refugees in the shelters still have the ability to pay rice money, but the existing money is running out.The income of the shelter is about 5 yuan per day.The shelter leadership is in regular contact with Mr. Thorne. evaluate: The amount of free rice distributed will have to increase if the situation does not improve immediately and refugees cannot return to their homes and resume their employment. The shelter is generally in good condition and well-led. Jinling Theological Seminary Refugee Shelter Examined by Lowe, Wang and Mr. Foster on 4 January 1938. organize: Director: Mr. Tao Zhongliang (transliteration), with 20 assistants. Number of refugees: 3116. Rice distribution: The shelter receives 2 bags of rice every day for distribution, and the right to distribute is in the hands of the guard Lao Li. Only old women and widows get free rice.All other refugees must buy a ration card.About three-quarters of the refugees in this shelter are poor. The bill was taken by Mr Thorne. Wutaishan Primary School Refugee Shelter Examined by Lowe, Wang, Mills and Messrs. Foster on 4 January 1938. organize: Director: Mr. Zhang Yili (transliteration), with assistants. Number of refugees: 1640. This shelter is the first shelter to accept refugees 3 hours after the Chinese government's announcement.The shelter is well led. Rice distribution: The shelter does not currently receive rice from the International Committee.Refugees receive porridge rations from the Red Swastika Society, but may soon have to rely on international committees for meals. Jinling University High School Refugee Shelter Examined by Lowe, Wang, Mills and Messrs. Foster on 3 January 1938. organize: Director: Mr. Jiang Zhengyun, with about 80 assistants. Number of refugees: 11,000 (previously 15,000). All refugees in this shelter have been registered.Some refugees left the shelter after registration, while others returned after discovering that their houses had been destroyed.There are more women and children than men in shelters. Refugees are divided into 40 groups. There is an ambulance team, an inspection team and a fire brigade. A dispensary was set up for the sick, manned by some Chinese doctors and nurses.The shelter has some sick people.Eight adults and three children died here, and the Red Swastika Society provided coffins for burial. Refugees willing to obey the rules are currently barred from leaving the shelter. Several opium smokers were expelled from the asylum. A consumer association runs a point of sale to facilitate refugees.The sale price of all goods is fixed by a special committee. Rice distribution: The shelter receives 12 bags of rice every day for distribution.Two of the bags were sold to wealthy refugees.The sales income is about 21 yuan per day.The money was used for various necessary expenses in the shelter, such as buying ropes, brooms, cigarettes for Japanese soldiers, kitchen supplies, etc.Income and expenses are recorded in detail. 10 bags of rice are distributed free of charge every day to the poor and those who have nothing. There is a central kitchen, neat and tidy.Coal was provided by Mr. Riggs.The mains water supply has been restored since January 3. evaluate: We have the feeling that the shelter is well organized and the leadership is in order. We propose to obtain permission from the school authorities to arrange the desks and benches against the walls in some classrooms that are now occupied by refugees, so that the rooms are less cramped and the refugees have more places to sleep.The desks and benches arranged against the wall can be used not only as seats, but also as a storage place for luggage, and the empty middle of the room can be used to make beds at night. There seemed to be some tension between Mr. Jiang, the director of the shelter, and Mr. Su, the school representative. Dafang Lane Military Chemical Factory Refugee Shelter Examined by Lowe, Wang, Mills and Messrs. Foster on 3 January 1938. organize: Director: Mr. Wang Chengzhai and Mr. Kong Pingliang (transliteration), with a large number of assistants. Number of refugees: about 2,800. The rooms where refugees are housed are numbered for easy identification. 300 men were taken away by Japanese soldiers and never returned. Every day about 100 men go out to work for the Japanese military command in the nearby High Court building. About 20 men work for the Japanese Air Force Command every day. The men returned to the shelter at night, sometimes with food, sometimes without. All refugees are registered.Because there were Chinese coolies working for the Japanese headquarters, the shelter was specially protected by the Japanese military.Therefore, this shelter is probably the safest place for women to stay in the safe zone. The shelter has various committees, such as management, sanitation, commerce, inspection, price regulation, etc.The work of all these committees appears to be satisfactory. Fines ($0.50 per person) are imposed on those caught gambling, as well as violations of shelter rules. The money from the fine is used for the affairs of the shelter. There were patients in the shelter who begged for quinine and cold medicine. The shelter leaders asked for our support in order for the women in the shelter to be registered with the Japanese authorities. Rice distribution: The shelter receives 6 sacks of rice for distribution every day, and the distribution is done with a ration certificate.Each person gets 12 ounces of rice per day, a little less if there is not enough and more if there is a surplus. About 100 refugees can afford to buy rice by themselves. We found 13 sacks of rice reserves ready for distribution.Distribution is done in the morning. From 7:00 to 9:00 and from 14:00 to 16:00, refugees are allowed to go outside the gate to fetch water and handle other affairs. evaluate: In the opinion of the inspection committee, the shelter is well run.The leaders are some educated and experienced gentlemen.The shelter is well organized and does a great job. The sanitation of this shelter is the best of all the shelters we have inspected.The reason may be that the health regulations are strictly observed and penalties are imposed for non-compliance. We found that most of the refugees cook inside the house, which causes many diseases, such as eye diseases and so on.Therefore, we recommend that shelter leaders take precautionary measures to allow refugees to cook outside the house, which can avoid the above-mentioned shortcomings and also reduce fire hazards. The shelter leaders asked the International Committee to help the women in the shelter get registered with the Japanese authorities.Since the number of women is very large, it will be of great convenience if the registration can be done in the shelter. Shanxi Road Primary School Refugee Shelter Examined by Lowe, Wang, Mills and Messrs. Foster on 3 January 1938. organize: Director: Mr. Wang Youcheng, with assistants. Number of refugees: about 1,100. The shelters are overcrowded and dirty. Rice distribution: The shelter gets 3 bags of rice for distribution every day.It is said that each person gets a cigarette full of rice every day.But according to statements made by some refugees to the inspection committee, they only get the said share every 2 days.Each family cooks for itself. The director of the shelter claimed that one bag of rice was equivalent to 320 cans of cigarettes. About 100 refugees in this shelter can afford to buy rice by themselves.However, rice is not sold in the shelter; the rice is distributed free of charge to all refugees in the shelter. We found 2.5 sacks of rice in reserve at the shelter, supposedly waiting to be distributed. evaluate: Because, as mentioned earlier, the shelters are filthy, we instructed the directors of the shelters to insist on the unconditional compliance of the refugees with hygiene regulations. We do not think the director of the asylum and his assistants are particularly competent or interested in their work. We also made a strong recommendation to the directors of the shelters to encourage the refugees to eat porridge. High House Tavern No. 55 Refugee Shelter Examined by Lowe, Wang and Mr. Foster on 3 January 1938. organize: Director: Mr. Ling Enzhong, bring some assistants. Number of refugees: 770, divided into two groups for resettlement. Directors of shelters are being held accountable for strict adherence to hygiene regulations. Rice distribution: Mr. Thorne told us that an average of 2 bags of rice are provided to the shelter every day.However, the director of the shelter said that only 1 bag is given per day, sometimes 2 bags every 2 days. There is no communal kitchen, each family cooks for itself. Only about 60 people can afford to buy rice by themselves.The shelter does not sell rice. Free rice is distributed to about 500 people every day.There is no distinction between adults and children when distributed. We found that the porridge eaten by the refugees was very watery. The director of the shelter asked us to provide him with 2 bags of rice per day for distribution. evaluate: The shelter is well run, the place is small and crowded, hygiene regulations should be better followed. We believe that more rice should be given to these refugees once the discrepancy between Mr. Thorne and the director of the shelter regarding the daily rice supply is clear. Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee No. 5, Ninghai Road, Nanjing On January 5, 1938, to the Red Swastika Society No. 2, Ninghai Road, Nanjing According to our discussion with Dr. Xu Chuanyin, we would venture to suggest that from today onwards, you will be responsible for supplying rice to the Jinling University Porridge Factory under your leadership, and you will receive all the income from it.As we have heard, the Wutaishan Porridge Factory has been operating on this basis. Your assistance will be of great help to us at present when our rice reserves are being used up. Your cooperation in providing meals for refugees has been highly appreciated, for which we would like to express our sincere thanks to you. With high respect Signed: John Rabe chairman Signed: GA Fitch director general In the above evaluation of various refugee shelters, the results of Siemens shelters are not very good.Mr. Han gave us a little more rice for the refugees.He has such a good heart!The suggestion to move some refugees to other shelters (because my place is too small, 602 people live in a 500 square meter yard), did not get approval.People feel safe only with me, and they don't want to leave.There is no other way!What worries me the most is hygiene.There is nothing I can do about it, I just hope there is no outbreak of contagion, how happy we are to have running water until noon today!But today at noon the tap water was gone.The lights are never on in our place, but there are always houses burning nearby.Registration is not over yet.It was seen that in order to register, tens of thousands of women waited in the open air for up to 6 hours in 5 endless queues with their babies in their arms.How people can afford to wait like this in cold weather is a mystery to me.U.S. embassy officials were supposed to return today, but none arrived.We asked the Japanese, and they shrugged and said they didn't know.So let's just wait patiently.We will now make a plan for how to restore order, and then we will present our proposals to the Self-Government Council, hoping that it will take this matter seriously with the Japanese.The Hansi Gate, which was opened yesterday, is closed again today.Kroeger saw about 300 bodies lying in a dry ditch next to the gate, all civilians who had been machine gunned down or executed.People don't want Europeans leaving the city gates, fearing that the current situation here will be reported prematurely.People who get hours of electricity get intermittent news broadcasts from time to time.According to news footage received, Hankou had not yet fallen, but was heavily bombed by Japanese planes.The Japanese forces appeared to have advanced not far from Wuhu.A railway accident occurred between Hankow and Guangdong, and hundreds of people were killed in the accident.It is said that 100 people were executed on New Year's Day in Moscow.In Shanghai, the Japanese insisted on more power in the Zemstvo, control of all Chinese newspapers and city police, modification of customs treaties to Japan's advantage, etc.Hong Kong was said to be fully prepared for a Japanese military attack.In Spain, fierce fighting was going on, and it was believed that the nationalists would win. Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee, No. 5, Ninghai Road, Nanjing, January 5, 1938, to the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Nanjing Yesterday I wrote about the robbing of Texaco (China) Petroleum Company's trucks, cars and other things. It is related to this matter. I would like to inform you that the warehouse handyman Wang came to me again today to report that yesterday Four Japanese soldiers drove two trucks with about 100 coolies and took away the remaining gasoline and oil in the warehouse of Texaco Oil Company.Among the items pulled were: 35 oil drums, 35 boxes and 18 cans of gasoline along with 115 gallons of oil and some furniture. At the same time, soldiers also smashed part of the wall with bayonets.The house is now completely unattended and anyone can enter. Best regards Signed: GA Fitch OK!The three officials of the US embassy, ​​Mr. Allison, Mr. Espy, and Mr. McFadyen set off from Shanghai on the American ship "Wahu" and arrived in Nanjing on December 31, but they were not allowed to go ashore. Continue to Wuhu.Today, they finally arrived here from Wuhu.Mr Allison has previously worked in diplomatic service in Tokyo and speaks Japanese.We can now buy rice and flour from the Japanese military authorities, a stockpile that the Japanese have seized here.Despite the high price (about 13 yuan per bag of rice), we decided to buy rice noodles with a total value of 50,000 yuan and another 12,000 yuan for coal.The demand for rice, flour and coal to burn is growing by the day, as the stocks that the refugees brought into the safe zone are now running out, and Mr. Han is not entirely in favor of buying them.He heard from a rice vendor that the Chinese army was going to take back Nanjing.Some people claim to have heard the rumble of artillery in the southwest of the city (in the direction of Wuhu), and once Nanjing is recovered, Han believes that we can get rice and flour for free.Poor Mr. Han!Regrettably, I had to give up every hope he had. The recovery of Nanking seemed impossible at present, and if it were to be recovered, it seemed to me that it would be a disaster, because the Japanese navy had to be counterattacked from below. An attack in the Guan direction means that the city will eventually be destroyed.In fact, on the way back to Ninghai Road this afternoon, I rarely saw Japanese soldiers, not even military police. I heard that the registration of refugees continues to be done by the Chinese in the Autonomous Committee.It appeared that the entire military force of the Japanese was indeed devoted to a new battle around Nanking. In the south of the city this morning, there was another arson incident in the afternoon near Xinjiekou (two houses). At around 10 o'clock, a Japanese truck came and took away 15 coolies from my Siemens shelter. It is said that they were going to work in the Xiaguan Power Plant.苦力们极不愿意地走了。尽管日本人作了种种相应的许诺，但是上一次提供给他们的伙食很差或者根本不给吃的。此外，城南大门还需要一部分人构筑战壕，而不是去下关电厂干活。再说日本人很有可能随心所欲地逼迫更多的人干任何活，所以经韩和我耐心劝说，苦力们才最终表示同意。下午5时，福田先生来拜会我。他通知我，根据军事当局的决定，我们的国际委员会应予解散，我们的储备和资金由接替我们工作的自治委员会接管。我当即对要我们交出我们的财产和储备表示抗议。对接管我们的工作我们没有什么可反对的，但我们提请人们注意，在城里没有恢复秩序和安全以前，难民不可能重返大部分已被毁坏和抢劫或烧毁的他们以前的住所。我立即召集了委员会会议，会议上讨论了我对福田先生的答复，还起草了一份我们对怎么恢复安全和秩序设想的建议书。我有这样一种感觉，自治委员会（自治政府）对怎么处理事情一窍不通，尽管它有日本人作顾问。显然人们看中的只是我们的财产。人们声称：钱是你们从中国政府那儿得到的，因此是属于我们的！但我们有截然相反的意见，我们会干方百计地为我们的意见辩护。在这方面我们很希望得到美国大使馆和德国大使馆的支持，尽管我们一点都不知道他们的立场。依我看，日本人向我们外国人要价太高了。 南京安全区国际委员会南京宁海路5号1938年1月6日16时 亲爱的克勒格尔先生亲爱的施佩林先生： 关于购买粮食一事，我们改变了主意。我们认为最好只用5万元买米和面粉。我们甚至希望你们能用少于5万元购到3000袋每袋100公斤的大米和5000袋每袋50磅的面粉。具体价格如下： 不是：而是： 大米：单价总计单价总计 3000×100公斤13元3.9万元10元3万元 面粉：单价总计单价总计 5000×50磅3元1.5万元3元1.5万元 总共总共 5.4万元4.5万元 对你们的努力预先表示感谢，致以亲切的问候。 你们的 Signed: John Rabe chairman 南京安全区国际委员会南京宁海路5号1938年1月6日致T.石田少佐日本陆军军需物资供应处南京 为供养我们的难民，我们需要以下食品： 大米3000袋×100公斤 面粉5000袋×50磅 我们希望用中国货币向您支付，并希望您为我们提供帮助，把您的卡车供我们运输这些粮食使用。 如前所述，这些大米和面粉储备是规定供应给难民的，所以我们还希望，为我们提供分发食物方面的种种便利。 我们还要说明的是，我们还需要600吨燃煤。我们的粥厂每天需要10吨燃煤，以上数量只能够用冬季的两个月份，也就是够用到今年3月1日。 对于您的帮助我预先表示最恳切的感谢。 Best regards Signed: John Rabe chairman 金陵大学难民收容所 1938年1月5日由洛、王、米尔斯和福斯特先生检查。 organize: 所长：齐兆昌先生，带助手。 难民人数：7000人，其中大多为妇女和儿童。男子白天来收容所为其家属送食物。 收容所陷入了困境，因为日本人切断了供水。当粥厂主任请求日本士兵恢复供水时，他脸上挨了打。 Rice distribution: 收容所每天得到25袋～30袋米以及3吨燃煤供应粥厂。粥厂由周庆兴（音译）领导，他手下有50名助手和150名勤杂工。 每天两次分发稀饭，每杯3个铜板。每天的收入有50元。到现在账目还没有交国际委员会。 周先生称，只有三分之一的难民买粥。检查委员会对收容所难民的抽查结果表明，不付钱是不可能得到稀饭的。无偿得到稀饭的人我们一个也没能查实。 evaluate: 我们认为，与金陵女子文理学院的雇工人数相比，这里帮助分发大米的助手和勤杂工的数目太大。尤其因为我们没能查实分发是免费的，我们也觉得收入与金陵女子文理学院相比太少了。 我们不理解为什么大学图书馆和蚕厂的难民被迫到五台山买粥而不是在这所大学的粥厂里买。 因此，我们迫切地建议由国际委员会对这个收容所大米分发的领导工作进行一次仔细的核查。 大学图书馆难民收容所 1938年1月5日由洛、王、米尔斯和福斯特先生检查。 organize: 所长：梁开纯（音译）先生，带一些助手。 难民人数：约3000人。 许多难民生活在遍布整个辖区的草席棚和帐篷里。他们属于手工业阶层，勤劳，试图以某种方式维持生计。 我们查实图书馆楼中有人吸鸦片，并且听收容所所长说，还有许多人赌博，并时常发生争吵，这是令人遗憾的。 我们的印象是，这个收容所中有很大一部分相当粗野的人，同他们很难相处，其中几个还参加了抢劫。 楼内肮脏、拥挤。 Rice distribution: 收容所不从国际委员会领取大米。难民以前由大学粥厂供给膳食，但在过去的4天中大学粥厂拒绝向他们供应。 evaluate: 我们建议给收容所所长再派几个助手，并且采取某些措施把坏分子清除出收容所。 此外，应该采取相应的措施为收容所中的贫困者提供大米。 金陵女子文理学院难民收容所 1938年1月5日由洛、王、米尔斯和福斯特先生检查。 organize: 所长：沃特林小姐，带助手。 难民人数：5000人～6000人（以前为1万人）。一些年轻妇女被其家属带回了家，因为在此期间恢复了一定的安全。 这个收容所几乎只住妇女和儿童，另有极少的男性老人。 收容所难民中有许多人暂时还不敢回家。 一支日本宪兵队负责这个收容所的夜间安全。 收容所，总共有18位妇女分娩和10人死亡，死亡者大都是儿童。 这个收容所在难民最多的时候，有1000多人露宿在各个楼房之间的通道上。 Rice distribution: 收容所平均每天得到12袋米供分发。饭在学院大门对面的公共厨房里做。厨房由中国红十字会领导。这个厨房雇佣了22个厨师以及许多伙夫。 有1000多人靠自己的亲戚送到收容所来的食品生活。收容所向350人凭别在衣服上的红色配给证免费分发饭。其余的难民在厨房以一杯3个铜板的价格买饭。以前他们在领取食物时支付现金，现在必须买配给证，配给证的销售由一个属于学院会计室的中国人负责。 厨师和伙夫由陈先生直接雇佣，住在学院辖区，只给他们膳食不付报酬。 每天出售饭所得的收入为80元～100元。这些钱大部分已交给国际委员会。 evaluate: 收容所的领导是出色的。 教堂和长老会传教团学校难民收容所 1938年1月4日由米尔斯先生检查。 organize: 所长：陈罗门（音译）先生。他是上海的一个木材商，出差来南京，因战事没能离开南京。后来证明他是一个能干的收容所所长。 收容所在安全区外城西南一个很贫穷的地区（双塘）。 难民人数：目前为1000人，以前为2000人。许多人只是晚上来收容所住宿。 该收容所常被日本士兵抢掠，妇女常遭强奸。 Rice distribution: 收容所中约三分之二的难民自行解决膳食，其余的难民身无分文，十分贫困。 米尔斯先生于1月5日向这个收容所提供了3袋大米，并力求每两天向收容所提供相应的数量。 一般性建议 1.应该尽可能同大学医院人员一起采取措施，护理各个难民收容所中的许多病人。 2.国际委员会的救护队应定期察看各个难民收容所，负责卫生规定的严格执行。 3.各个难民收容所应该查实那些其丈夫或抚养人被日本人拉走并没有被送回的妇女和其他人员的数目，并向日本当局提出申请为这些需要帮助的人在钱和食物方面予以足够的补助。 4.各个收容所中的吸鸦片者和其他粗野家伙的存在应该引起特别的注意，应该找到办法和途径把这些坏分子清除出去，或者为收容所所长提供相应的保护使之免受伤害。 5.另外，各个收容所应该查实所有其房屋或住所被烧毁或炸毁的人，并采取步骤给这些人以补偿。 6.此外，必须重视这样一个事实，即有些中国人专门从各个难民收容所中拉妇女供日本军人用于不道德的目的。 7.必须制定一个计划，把目前还住在草席棚和拥挤的收容所的难民迁移到较好的宽敞的收容所。 1938年1月7日 我把下面这封信递交给福田先生，信中清楚地阐述了国际委员会的立场。福田先生现在似乎知道底细，他至少表明理解我们的想法。正如他告诉我的，东京方面来了严厉的指示，南京的秩序要无条件地恢复。同时应注意的是，一切行政工作（包括拉贝市长的工作吗？）均由自治委员会而不是我们外国人去承担。“我们外国人”对此肯定没有什么好反对的。我们只是希望自治委员会胜任其工作。我再次提请福田注意我们大家身处的危险，因为还有约1000具尸体躺在城里各处没有埋葬。这些尸体一部分已被狗咬食过，而狗肉同时在街上被中国人出售。谁对这种（潜在的瘟疫或类似的疾病）危险视而不见，他肯定是瞎子；而谁要是轻率地引发这种危险，那他就是罪犯。26天来我一直在请求允许埋葬这些尸体，但总是徒劳无益！福田允诺向军方再次申请从现在开始允许红卍字会埋葬这些尸体。 约翰HD拉贝南京1938年1月7日致福田德康先生日本帝国大使馆南京 Dear Mr. Fukuda: 有关我们昨天的会谈，我冒昧地向您保证，国际委员会渴望看到的无非是南京秩序和正常的生活条件迅速恢复。我同样可以向您保证，为此目的，国际委员会将乐意看到地方自治委员会尽快承担起地方民政机关应承担的一切职责，如治安、消防和公共卫生等。您可以相信，国际委员会绝对不想继续展行平时属于地方主管部门的任何一种行政义务，也不想为自己要求这样的义务。 我们委员会首先是（我想说仅仅是）一个救济组织，它成立的目的主要是为饱受战争痛苦的平民服务。这些人遭受的命运是无情的和悲惨的，引起了同时代人的同情和怜悯。在这场战争中，中国成立了遵循相似目标的各种委员会，它们中比如有上海委员会，松井将军个人给该委员会汇款1000元，这证明了这样一类委员会得到了日本军方高层的赞同。 因为留给我们委员会的现金和储备是专门委托我们用于上述目的的，所以依我看，国际委员会有专门的义务表明自己是值得信赖的。我觉得不论是现金还是储备都不能交给任何一个别的组织。我们当然愿意同别的救助组织合作，比如同红卍字会和红十字会，同这两个组织我们目前已经在进行合作。但是我们对自己的资金必须保留完全的支配权。 我相信，如果您考虑到我们的状况，会承认我们的理由是正确的。 此外，我还想指出，同目前的困境和向我们提出的要求相比，我们的现金和储备都是很有限的。我们委员会所做的救助最好能被看作是对地方自治政府为自己提出的（我个人这样希望）更大的合适的计划的补充。不论是我们委员会还是红卍字会或红十字会肯定都会尽一切力量，但是我们希望自治委员会比我们委员会或其他任何一个组织做得更多。 我们也希望，在向难民提供食品和燃料方面，日本军事当局对自治政府能比迄今为止对我们表示出更大的诚意。虽然大家都在共同努力缓解危难，但危难的程度依旧大于所提供的救助。 最后，我还想冒昧指出一点。 毫无疑问，最简单的同时也是最有效的救助行动将是恢复士兵中间的秩序和纪律。在士兵的秩序和纪律没有恢复之前，难民不可能重返自己的住所，商店不可能重新开业，交通不可能恢复，供电、供水以及电话都不可能正常运作。万事皆取决于所有问题中的这个最重要的问题。 只要军纪恢复，救助问题就会变得比较容易解决，居民正常生活条件的重建也会变得较为可行。 我诚恳地希望，日本军事当局会把恢复军纪当作他们首要的和最重要的任务。 kind regards your faithful Signed: John Rabe chairman 关于恢复南京正常生活秩序意见书 一、在安全区以外的城市其他地区建立秩序的必要性。 1.安全区以外地区目前尚无安全可言，愿意重返住所的人有家难回。 2.在这些不安全的地区，商店不敢重新开门营业。没有商店，居民从何处购得大米和别的生活必需品？ 3.安全区内的经济生活取决于以前运进的食品的消耗（安全区内不生产商品，也不经营农业）。这种状态延续时间越长，贫困者数目也就越大。为了恢复某种形式的正常经济生活，必须保证居民有一定的安全。 二、怎样才能在别的城区恢复必要的秩序？ 1.我们建议逐个开放各个城区让难民返回。建议第一个开放城区为汉中路以南地区，即东面沿中正路和中华路至南城墙一带地区。这个城区受纵火的损失相对较轻，安置在安全区里的许多难民是从这个城区来的。 2.在难民重返这些城区之前，应该采取以下步骤： （1）每个新开放的城区禁止闲逛士兵进入。 （2）必须配备大批宪兵，保证这些城区没有士兵。必须建立特别警察站，可以把可能由士兵引起的每次骚扰报告给这些警察站，免得居民安全受到威胁。 （3）必须预先采取措施，使得几家大的米店在居民进入城区的当天早上重新开门营业。 （4）在有关城区必须接通自来水管。要使居民知道专门的供水处。 （5）此外，应该配给有关城区一批平民警察，或者组建一个平民警察局。 三、经济生活的恢复 1.目前由日本军事司令部控制的、居民为军队提供的劳投，应重新安排，而且应该建立在完全的商业基础上。为此目的，自治委员会肯定愿意通过开设劳动介绍所和其他的职业中间代理所为苦力提供帮助。 2.一旦秩序恢复，必须着手恢复城内外的交通运输。 （1）各个城门应能自由出入。 （2）运送货物和人员的大车、卡车和船只的来往必须畅通无阻，绝对安全，没有遭抢劫或者被强行没收的危险。 （3）人力车和其他交通工具应该能在街道上安全地来往。 （4）到2月1日，城郊的秩序应该恢复，使农民可以开始春耕，而安全不受到威胁。（目前难民甚至不敢回到他们在城墙里面的土地上去耕作他们的菜园子。） 3.除了上述最起码的也是最重要的措施之外，还应采取措施使银行、电话局、邮局和电报局重新开业，城市小火车、公交汽车、铁路和航运也应尽快准许恢复。 四、纵火必须制止 1.烧毁难民们该重返的商店和住房的行径，现在确实必须制止了。 2.这些纵火事件在很大程度上加大了恢复正常经济生活的难度，更不用说因此而毁灭的巨大的物质价值了。 3.电网和自来水管也因火灾而受到严重破坏。 4.这些纵火事件增加了人们心理上的不安全感。出于担心自己头上的屋顶今天或者明天会被点燃，也就没人敢重返自己在安全区外的居所。 南京安全区国际委员会南京宁海路5号1938年1月7日致石田少佐先生日本陆军军需物资供应处南京 根据今天早上您同我们的克里斯蒂安·克勒格尔先生的会谈，我们在此向您订购： 大米3000袋，每袋100公斤，单价14.50元； 面粉5000袋，每袋50磅，单价3元。 价格含至我们在金陵大学的商店的运费。支付：交货时用中国货币现付。 我们感谢您的支持。 With high respect Signed: John Rabe chairman 1938年1月7日 今天上午10时我不在家的时候，一个日本士兵闯入我佣人的房间。妇女们和姑娘们被这个士兵追赶至楼上，叫喊着跑进我的居室。在这里，一个偶然来拜访我的日本翻译官拦住了这个士兵，并让他出去。通过这起事件，可以判断城市被攻占26天后的今天，在南京的欧洲人的住宅安全状况究竟如何。 里格斯先生带来了他今天视察的报告：一个妇女神情恍惚地在街上到处乱跑，有人把她送进了医院，听说她是一个18口之家的唯一幸存者，她的17个亲人都被枪杀或刺死了，她住在南门附近。另一个来自同一地区的、同其兄弟一起被安置在我们的一个难民收容所的妇女失去了父母和3个孩子，他们都是被日本人枪杀的。她用最后的一点钱买了一口棺木，为了至少能收殓死去的父亲。日本士兵知道了这个消息，就抢去了棺木盖，抛尸于街头。中国人是不必被收殓的：这是他们的解释。而日本政府声称，它不同手无寸铁的中国平民作战！