Chapter 14 January 38 Diary 1

Nanjing January 1, 1938 Last night at 9:30 pm 7 of my followers, American Fitch, Dr. Smythe, Dr. Wilson, Mills, Dr. Bates, McCallum and Riggs, came to wish me "Happy New Year ".We drank the last bottle of claret and chatted for an hour when Dr. Bates (one of the most active of the day) fell asleep on the sofa chair from exhaustion.My Chinese guests and I didn't want to sacrifice the peace of the night either, so the party broke up early and we all went to bed at 11. At about 7 o'clock in the morning, Zhang ran to tell me that his wife had fallen ill again.I quickly got dressed, and together with Zhang, I sent her to Gulou Hospital for the third time.Doctors seem to have never been able to diagnose what exactly was wrong with his wife.When I drove back to my office, I was greeted with a king's salute, and the common people (my poor refugees) formed a welcome procession, and lit a fire that was received from the Japanese to celebrate the formation of a new self-government. Many firecrackers, pay tribute to me.Then, 600 people surrounded me and presented me with New Year's greetings written in red ink on white wrapping paper, and all of them bowed three times to me.They were delighted when I nodded my thanks and folded the congratulatory letter and pocketed it.It is a pity that the paper of the congratulatory letter is too large to fit in this diary.Here is a translation of the congratulatory letter by a Chinese friend of mine:

1938 Mr Rabe: Congratulations on the auspicious new year! Billions are rolling in! Refugees in your asylum 1938 What exactly "billions" refers to, I haven't figured it out yet.I have never played lottery tickets, so it may be understood as "hundreds of millions of wisdom", isn't that great! !I also asked the housekeeper Mr. Zhang about its meaning, and he said it very simply and to the point: "It means Prosit Neujahr in German." When I walked out from the sparks of firecrackers, all the servants and employees lined up in a grand queue, bowing to me in the popular New Year's kowtow!

Sperling and Riggs came to visit me in the afternoon to say New Year's greetings, and as a gift they each got a cigar (very respectable gift - cigars cost 5-7 yuan a cigar here today).Additionally, Sperling was given a razor, since his was recently stolen.At 9 o'clock in the evening, some Japanese soldiers came in a truck to ask for the girl. We didn't open the door, and finally they drove away.We saw them drive towards the middle school that was often harassed.I strengthened the night guard in the yard, with double posts and whistles, so that in case of intruders I could get to the scene more quickly.But thankfully, everything was peaceful.Yards and houses were brightly lit, and two buildings on the North Gate Bridge, two blocks from our house, were on fire.The Japanese sprinkled special chemicals on the house and set it on fire, which spread rapidly.

Early this morning, Han's residence had water, and it seems that some water pipes have restored water supply.In my case, the water has not even reached the kitchen which is about two meters high.It is said that many pipes were destroyed and the pressure was simply not enough.One of the power plant's turbines was also said to be running, but I didn't realize it at all, and the city was still completely in darkness. As far as I know, not a single European took part in this morning's celebration (the formation of a new self-government). Next to our headquarters on Ninghai Road, some Japanese soldiers forcibly broke into people's houses, and women and girls fled to our residence over the wall.Kroeger jumped over a fairly high yard wall from the top of the dugout.I tried to do what he did and a policeman came to help me but we both lost our balance and fell off the fence.We fell onto a fairly thick piece of bamboo which broke but slowed our fall so neither of us were injured.During this time Kroeger captured the Japanese, but they quickly escaped secretly.They said they were just checking.These rascals!

My neighbor's wife, whom I took to Gulou Hospital (because she was stabbed in the neck), seems to have recovered enough to be released.Since she had no money (it cost 80 cents per day for 10 days in the hospital), I paid for it for her.The people were looted and destitute to the extreme.When the speaker of the new self-government was talking about cooperation yesterday, several houses around the Drum Tower were burning, and it was the Japanese who set the fire.Mr. Sun (a member of the Red Swastika Society), the Japanese-speaking vice-chairman of the newly formed Self-Government Committee, informed me with humility that he had to talk to me about an important matter right away.Please, I have already prepared, I can figure out what your intentions are now!

The streets in the safe zone are always crowded, with tens of thousands of people standing idle, haggling for deals.The streets were lined with itinerant hawkers, selling mostly food, cigarettes and second-hand clothing, all wearing Japanese armbands or carrying small Japanese flags.In the open space between the alleys and streets, there are refugee shacks built with straw, just like the scene in my yard.In my yard, not a single blade of grass grew, and the beautiful low hedges were soon all trampled down.In a crowd of so many it was simply unavoidable.Now no one pays attention to beauty anymore, what people want is to live!

Last night there was another series of atrocities committed by Japanese soldiers, which Dr. Smythe recorded.We submitted this compilation as a protest to the Japanese embassy as usual: Nanjing Safety Zone International Committee, No. 5, Ninghai Road, Nanjing, January 2, 1938, to Mr. Fukui, Imperial Japanese Embassy Nanjing We have taken note of your notice of December 27, 1937 that loitering soldiers are not allowed to enter the security zone, thank you.The overall situation has thus been markedly improved.Unfortunately, yesterday and today the situation was reversed again.Several passages leading to our safe zone are no longer guarded by your sentries.Since then, people have seen many soldiers without armbands wandering in groups of five or six in the safe area.With the reappearance of these loitering soldiers there has been a simultaneous increase in the atrocities committed by your soldiers in the safe zone, as can be seen from the compilation enclosed with our letter.

The last five incidents (No. 171 to No. 175) happened yesterday afternoon in places we know. (See incidents No. 165-175 in the attached compilation) This morning Mr. Fitch and Dr. Smythe visited the houses at Nos. 64 and 69, Peking Road, in order to ascertain whether the girl who had been taken from them on the afternoon of December 31 had been returned.It was confirmed that the girls did not return. (See Incident No. 164 of December 30 and Incident No. 169 compiled with the accompanying letter) I appreciate your help and wish you a happy new year. your faithful Signed: John Rabe Atrocities by Japanese Soldiers in the Nanjing Safety Zone

(165) At 3:00 p.m. on December 25, some Japanese soldiers broke into Dr. Xu Chuanyin's house at No. 7 Emei Road, and robbed a piano and several pieces of clothes. (Fitch) (166) On the afternoon of December 27, three Japanese soldiers broke into our house at No. 33 Ninghai Road. They broke open six boxes and took away some valuables.All these items belong to my employer, Mr. Chen. (Zhao Zichang <transliteration>, guard) (167) At 1:00 p.m. on December 27, five Japanese soldiers and an attendant broke into Hankou Road Elementary School, trying to take away two girls.Just as they were pulling the two girls into the street, they were caught by several Japanese military police who were patrolling, and the five soldiers and one entourage were arrested. (Zheng Dacheng, Director of Hankou Road Primary School Refugee Shelter)

(168) At 3:00 p.m. on December 27, three Japanese soldiers armed with bayonets and wearing yellow collar badges broke into my home at No. 5 Huaqiao Road, intending to rape my 18-year-old wife, but were stopped by several Japanese military policemen who took them away. gone. (Refugee: Tu Peiying <transliteration>) (169) On the afternoon of December 30, two Japanese soldiers broke into the residence of an Italian embassy official at No. 64 Beiping Road, stole 100 yuan, and tried to take away two girls.After pleading with them, one of the girls was released, but the other, a 16-year-old named Shang Xuezhu, was taken away in a fur-lined dress.While the two soldiers were in the house, two other soldiers guarded the gate. (Sperling)

(170) On the night of December 29, a Japanese soldier sent as a sentry broke into a room in our building and raped a girl.Before that, on December 27, one of these sentries expressed his desire for a girl after getting drunk.Mr Fukui was informed of the incident on December 29, and he promised to remove the sentries on the night of December 30.Since then, as we are grateful to see, no further harassment has occurred. (Thorn, Bible Teacher Training School) (171) At 3 o'clock in the afternoon on January 1, 1938, when Mr. Sperling passed the corner of Ninghai Road and Guangzhou Road, he saw an elderly woman escape from a house.A Japanese soldier was running out of the house when Sperling entered.Sperling found another naked soldier in a bedroom with a half-naked girl who had just been raped.After giving the soldier the necessary time to dress, Sperling drove him away. (Sperling) (172) At 9:00 p.m. on January 1, Japanese soldiers appeared in front of Mr. Rabe’s residence in Xiaotaoyuan in a truck to pull girls.Since they were forbidden to enter the yard and house, they continued to drive towards the high school attached to the university. (Rabe) (173) On the afternoon of January 1, three Japanese soldiers broke into the building of Jinling Women's College of Arts and Sciences. One of them tracked down a girl in the bamboo garden, and the girl called for help to Miss Watling.Miss Watling arrives in time to stop a rape.Miss Watling also saw two other Japanese soldiers who claimed to be members of the gendarmerie. (Watling) (174) At 1:40 p.m. on January 1, two Japanese soldiers broke into Pastor Foster's residence at No. 17 Luojia Road and raped a girl.beat another girl who resisted.For the first time in more than two weeks, the foreigner left the house, which means that this event happened during the only two hours when no foreigner was watching the house.Reverend Foster had gone to dinner with Mr. Fitch.As soon as he got the report, he drove back with Mr. Fitch and Mr. Magee, and took the girls to the University Hospital for medical treatment. (Fitch) (175) At 4:00 p.m. on January 1, three Japanese soldiers raped a 14-year-old girl in a house belonging to the university at No. 11 Hankou Road (U.S. jurisdiction).A woman in the same house ran to the university gate to call for the gendarmes (Japanese military police), but the gendarmes moved slowly and arrived too late. (Bates) Signed: Lewis SC Smythe Today, Chinese bombers flew over Nanjing for the first time. Although we are full of worries, we have been waiting for a long time.They never come as friends, but as enemies!They dropped their bombs as accurately as the Japanese had before, but so far, thank goodness, the bombs were mostly dropped in the same place, the airfield in and around the south of the city.Japanese aircraft also appeared, but very few and rather weak.It remains to be seen whether air combat is only conducted outside of our safe zone.But we sincerely hope that this will be the case. The Chinese are very familiar with our refugee area.In addition, streets crowded with thousands of people must be clearly marked so that pilots (with good intentions) can easily secure our safe zone.Without such good intentions, the consequences could have been more serious than anticipated.Even at noon in Shanghai, the streets in our safety zone are not as crowded as they are now.Dropping a bomb in a crowd can kill thousands of people.Just thinking about it makes one shudder. We hope that the officials of the US embassy will arrive here immediately, it is said that they will arrive on January 5th. At seven o'clock last night Dr. Smythe brought Dr. Hsu's note to Mr. Fitch: Dear Mr. Fitch: Liu Peikun (transliteration) was shot dead by a Japanese soldier at about 4:30 this afternoon for protecting his wife from being raped. Because our neighboring houses were occupied by Japanese soldiers, our quarters are now full of escaped women.I wrote to Herr Sperling asking him to come to us at once and stay here to protect us.If Sperling can't leave, can you send another foreigner to stay at No. 5 Ninghai Road to protect us? kind regards Your Dr. Xu Chuanyin January 2, 1938 No. 5, Chenjia Lane, Nanjing When Dr. Smythe left for Sperling, who was said to be staying overnight on the Ninghai Road, I went with John Magee, who in the meantime obtained a full report of the incident, to the Japanese embassy to ask Mr. Tanaka to lodge a complaint with the Japanese military authorities. Call for an investigation into this incident.This was a premeditated, brutal murder.The Japanese soldier tried to rape Liu's wife (mother of 5 children) yesterday morning, her husband came and punched the Japanese in the face, forcing the Japanese to leave his house.The soldier was unarmed in the morning and came again in the afternoon with a pistol. He found Liu who was hiding in the kitchen of his residence. Although all of Liu's neighbors begged for mercy, some of them knelt down to the Japanese, and the Japanese Still shot him.With such atrocities taking place three weeks after the occupation of the city, it is simply impossible to think that peace and order have been restored to Nanking. Tanaka promised to notify the military immediately of the incident.Nor do I doubt that he will keep his word, but there has been no news of this incident since.We have not heard of other punishments for soldiers other than a few slaps.According to the Japanese point of view, this is war, and soldiers have the right to decide the life and death of innocent Chinese civilians, let alone the former Chinese soldiers, of course they must be executed. Perhaps for comfort, Tanaka later sent me a piece of good news, saying that Dr. Rosen would arrive in Nanjing on January 5, and it was said that Huerter and Scharfenberg were currently staying in Wuhu.They may also come, that is to say, they will arrive on the same day as the gentlemen from the American embassy who have notified us. Mr. Christian Kroeger has been to Purple Mountain during this period.The observatory was destroyed, that is to say, reduced to broken walls.The road to the summit is fairly badly damaged, but passable.I don't quite agree with Kroeger's "walk".He shouldn't be taking risks so often and without compelling reason, but how could that be said to him! ! Murder of Liu Peikun on January 2, 1938 On January 2, 1938, between 10 o'clock and 11 o'clock, a Japanese soldier broke into Liu Peikun's residence at No. 5 Chenjiaxiang, claiming to inspect the house.When he saw Liu's wife, he asked her a series of questions about the condition of the house.As Liu's wife began to answer the questions, others in the room motioned her to leave, as they noticed the Japanese man was trying to lure her into another room.When she was about to get away, her man, Liu Peikun, came and cursed at the Japanese man and punched him in the face, and the Japanese man left the house.Then Mrs. Liu made lunch for her husband and five children.At 4:00 p.m., the soldier came again, this time with a pistol, looking for Liu Peikun, who was hiding in the kitchen. The neighbors begged him to forgive Liu, and some even knelt down to the Japanese soldiers, but to no avail. , could not stop him.Once the soldier found Liu, he shot him in the shoulder.When people called me to go at 4:30 in the afternoon, Liu was already dead. Signature: Xu Chuanyin Member of Housing Committee of Nanjing Safety Zone Nanjing, 10:30 on January 3, 1938 Report on old people's hall (nursing home) At the suggestion of the representative of the Red Cross, I took Mr. Liu and Mr. Huo to Scissors Lane in the southeast of the city on the afternoon of Sunday, January 2, 1938, and inspected the nursing home there.We confirmed through counts that a total of 500 people were housed there, as we had been reported.There are more than 30 children living among these old people.When the government withdrew from the city, officials left a little rice and coal for nursing homes, but that little stockpile was nearly depleted.If there are no supplies in the last day or two, the residents of the nursing home will definitely go hungry.What people need is roughly 5 bags of rice every 3 days and 7 tons of coal a month.We have been told that city authorities have left no money for nursing homes and that no one is in charge of nursing homes now.Now it seems that one or two capable residents must be found to manage the nursing home. I would suggest that a request be made to the Autonomous Council that they take on the responsibility of leading a nursing home that has existed for almost 100 years. The nursing home was undoubtedly a municipal institution, and it was also previously funded by the municipal department, and its leadership should be assumed by the new municipal department. Mr. Liu was going to negotiate with the Self-Government Committee last night.He promised to notify us if they refused to take responsibility. In my own opinion, the municipality should take on this management.But in any event, action must be taken quickly if nursing home residents are not to be stranded. Special attention should be paid to children in this nursing home.Special care should be given, or should be prescribed, for children who have lost their parents, since it is not appropriate to keep children in nursing homes. Signed: WP Mills The news published in "New Declaration" published in Shanghai on December 27, 1937: 1. The commander of the Japanese fleet declared the coast of Qingdao as a blockade.From 20:00 on December 26, Chinese ships, whether official or private, are not allowed to sail on the above-mentioned coast. 2. According to the announcement of the Japanese army at 6 pm on December 26, the Japanese army occupied Tianchang, 50 kilometers northwest of Yangzhou. 3. A Japanese army occupied Hangzhou at 6:00 pm on the 24th of this month.It was believed that all the areas east of Wuhu and Hangzhou would surely soon fall into Japanese hands. 4. The Japanese are very proud of occupying Nanjing.They took the capital in 7 days, although (as they say) it was defended by 100,000 Chinese soldiers.They compared the campaign to a world war to show that they could defeat any any opponent.In addition, they claimed to have seized a lot of war materials, killed many enemies, and captured or wiped out about 60,000 Chinese soldiers in Nanking. 5. It is said that the Chinese soldiers who were treated by Japanese doctors in Nanjing were willing to continue fighting for Japan in order to express their gratitude.The details of this message are as follows: Regarding the "New Report" founded by the Japanese military in Shanghai, Mr. Rabe disclosed in his diary many places that it distorts the truth with deceitful propaganda. The real situation of the "three temporary hospitals" can be found in the status report on the Red Cross Hospital of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Military and Political Affairs in the diary on January 25. In Nanking, three makeshift hospitals were set up for wounded soldiers, one each from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Military Affairs, and the National Central University.When the Chinese troops withdrew from the city, all the doctors in the hospital ran away, not staying to continue caring for the poor wounded or dying Chinese soldiers.The bodies of about 30 Chinese soldiers who died of serious injuries at the Jinling University Hospital lay decomposed on the floor.Other lightly wounded soldiers were housed in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Military Affairs.These people were pale and gave the impression of poor commoners.The Japanese medical team did not want these wounded to die, so they sent 10 doctors and 20 nurses under the leadership of Dr. Shoushan and Okada to the above two government departments to give careful care to each wounded.In total there were about 300 wounded in the Foreign Office and about 200 in the Military and Political Department.These soldiers confessed that a week before the Japanese occupied the city, all the Chinese doctors and nurses left Nanjing together with the defeated Chinese army. Fortunately, a British (supposedly American) pastor, Dr. Magee, came later, and he brought 13 1 Chinese doctor and 50 nurses nurse Chinese soldiers.But every day dead bodies are carried out.Japanese doctors are currently treating these Chinese soldiers, and they are very grateful to the Japanese army for this.A Chinese soldier was shot and wounded in the leg. The doctor who treated him, Dr. Shouya, asked him about his physical condition and whether he was interested in continuing to serve in the army. He replied: No, but if I must continue to serve in the army, I am willing to serve Japan. and fight.and so on. 6. Fighting continues between British soldiers and Arab irregulars in northern Palestine. Radio news——"Zi Lin Xi Bao" January 3, 1938 at 13:40 Evening report: The terms of peace proposed by the Japanese are as follows: Japanese participation in customs matters, etc.; Japan controls certain areas (unknown!); China should join the anti-Comintern pact; Japan calls for the establishment of a demilitarized zone; China must pay war reparations; Formation of an independent government of Mongolia. Paris: Japan intends to sign a peace agreement.However, it is impossible for China to participate in the negotiations in view of the current military situation. Kong is now the head of the Executive Yuan.Chiang was not expected to step down from some of his other posts in order to open the door to peace talks.Presumably, China would try to establish closer relations with Soviet Russia.Judging by his New Year's speech, Konoe seems to share this view, as he exhorts the Japanese to prepare for a long war. Hongkong: A Chinese got word about his friends from Soviet Russia that they were being trained as pilots there. The Japanese attempted to land near Tongguan but were unsuccessful. Trautman: In his New Year speech delivered in Hankou, he expressed his hope that the new year would bring peace to the world. "Zi Lin Xi Bao": In today's editorial, he commented on the New Year speeches of three Japanese, including Konoe and Sugiyama.After the fall of Nanking, Konoe said, the Chinese government would risk throwing itself into communism.Here, "Zi Lin Xi Bao" commented that Japan was pushing China into the hands of the Soviet Russians, thereby contributing to the situation it tried its best to prevent.But the Chinese government still stands firm on its principled foundation. There was a power outage at 1 o'clock, and other news could not be heard.We did not get a time signal on the radio, but judging from the length of the 12:40 news broadcast, it was estimated to be five minutes to one. Signed: Smythe confidential internal documents Current Status of the International Committee 1. We are a non-governmental organization established to help civilians suffering from war. (1) Food and money are at our disposal and are for our committee to use for the above purposes, so we will try to keep the committee alive, but we will use our relief funds to suit the current situation here. (2) The administrative work performed by us is paid separately from our legal funds. (The salaries of the police are not paid by us, but by their administration alone. We provide rice to the police on the same terms as we offer to all other refugees and volunteer helpers. The municipality sends us to organize The salaries of those 3 employees are remitted separately.) 2. We have cooperated with the Red Swastika Society and the Red Cross Society from the beginning and will continue to do so with the Autonomous Council.We will be prepared to always judge proposals for collaboration on the following criteria: best serve or best serve the Committee's goals. 3. We will not hand over our funds.These funds are entrusted to us for safekeeping, and we will use our reputation to guarantee that these funds will only be used for the occasions where they should be used and will not be used for other purposes. 4. We must be vigilant not to be handed over to us work or tasks that will drain our financial resources, nor expect us to perform work that will cause us to lose control of that money. 5. The Autonomous Council has always had our full support and acknowledgment in restoring order and resuming state duties.But our funds are primarily used to avert severe food shortages and to help residents in other ways. Nanjing, January 3, 1938 We are interested in the excerpted article from the Japanese newspaper "Xin Shen Bao" published in Shanghai on December 27, because we can check the events listed therein.We have no knowledge of the 60,000 Chinese captured or killed.As far as we know so far, there were less than 20,000 Chinese soldiers inside the walls of Nanking at that time.We fear that perhaps 2,000 of the Chinese soldiers who laid down their arms after the fall of Nanking were shot dead by the Japanese, which is cruel enough and in any case contrary to any international law.Perhaps thousands of civilians were also killed when the city was captured.If only that was all. With regard to the 3 military hospitals mentioned outside our security zone, it is worth mentioning that we and the Red Cross were barred from entering said hospitals immediately after the fall of the city.The names of the places are correct, and Magee is right about what he did for the hospital, but what follows is simply impossible to verify. Today, the water pipes in the city have been repaired to some extent, and the bathroom on the second floor of our house also has running water.At noon, the lights were even restored in several places in the safe zone, but the power was cut again around 1:00, perhaps to prevent us from listening to the news broadcast.Dr. Smythe received a portion of the Hong Kong radio broadcasts already mentioned in the preceding text.The peace news, in terms of terms, is no different than what we already knew 3 weeks ago.It appears that during this period, no major progress has been made in this regard. On the following pages are inspection reports of the work of our porridge factory and refugee shelter, which give a good idea of ​​the difficult management work of our committee and its teams.It is understandable to be a little harsher on individual Chinese at work.We are in China, it is impossible not to do this.I also caught a greengrocer asking a high price in our yard today.A couple of women at the refugee shelter were about to take all of the man's vegetables, so I stopped it and kicked the guy out. At 1:00 noon, Dr. Hirai, the chief medical officer of the military, came to visit me. He would stutter a few words in German.We talked for an hour with great difficulty.After I presented him with a Siemens calendar and Hitler's, he left satisfied. inspection report Third Refugee Shelter - Army School Examined by Lowe, Wang, Mills and Messrs. Foster on 31 December 1937. organize: Director: Mr. Zhao Yongkui (transliteration) Number of refugees: About 3,200 people, divided into 27 groups, each with a group leader. Director of Public Affairs Department: Mr. Zhou Secretary: Mr. Yi Personnel Secretary: Mr. Park Social Affairs Department: Mr. Xie General Affairs Department: Mr. Ma Among these refugees, several were coolies and servants drawn by Japanese soldiers from Wuxi, Changzhou, Zhenjiang and Shanghai. Several men went out to work for the Japanese soldiers every day, and sometimes got some rice as payment. There are also some vendors in this shelter, who do small business with refugees. There are also a few suspicious elements in one or two groups in this shelter. They have the habit of smoking opium and using cocaine (white pills), and thus pose a danger to the discipline of this shelter. All refugees in this shelter are registered by the Japanese military. Rice distribution: The shelter distributes an average of 10 bags of rice every day. About one-third of the refugees provided their own meals, and the remaining two-thirds were provided by international committees. There is no communal kitchen.Each family cooks for itself.One cup of rice per adult and half a cup per child per day. Rationing is free. Shelter leaders estimate that 1 bag of rice contains up to 230 cups. Men who work for the Japanese and vendors do not distribute rice. Refugees complain that the amount of rice rationed to them is not enough to feed their hunger. evaluate: The inspection board found the general conditions in the shelter to be satisfactory and acknowledged the efforts of the shelter leadership to maintain order.However, the sanitation facilities still need to be greatly improved. Therefore, it is strongly required to take severe measures as soon as possible to get rid of this malpractice, so that the refugees can maintain their current health status. The committee believes that it is necessary to urge the leaders of the shelters to change the dietary habits of refugees to porridge. In addition, the committee believes that 1 bag of rice contains more than 200 cups.A bag of general specifications has 1.25 Dan, so there should be 250 full cups, or even 266 flat cups. Temporary Regulations of the Third Refugee Shelter (see original Chinese text): 1. Allocate rice to each department according to the original quantity. 2. From today, December 29, 1937, it is necessary to check frequently in each department to see who still has rice and money, because these people should not be provided with rice in the future. 3. In addition, the sale of rice, porridge, water, pastries or other Merchants of other commodities such as beef, mules, and wine, if their daily sales exceed If it exceeds 3 yuan, rice will not be provided for the time being. 4. The rice thus saved shall be distributed to those in urgent need by the head of the department. After 5.19 o'clock, all departments of the shelter had to turn off the lights.If you must use a lamp, the flame should be adjusted as small as possible to prevent it from causing a fire. 6. From tomorrow, each department should select an old man with experience and good reputation among the refugees, and discuss with the leaders of the shelters how to allocate work and how to improve the work. December 31, 1937 Also: Two and a half bags of rice were found in the shelter office. The director told us that the rice was distributed to several refugees by Japanese soldiers as their labor reward.People told us they save this rice for when food stocks run low. The Inspection Committee doubts the validity of this statement. Hyogo Station (Armory) Refugee Shelter Examined by Lowe, Wang, Mills and Messrs. Foster on 31 December 1937. organize: Director: Mr. Lu Chengmei, with about 40 assistants. Number of refugees: about 8,000, plus many others who only spent the night in this shelter. A team of Chinese police is stationed at the premises of the shelter. Some refugees prefer to live in the basements of houses and bunkers because it is warmer there. A special room was arranged for women to give birth. A woman was caught red-handed trying to smoke opium. Rice distribution: The shelter receives an average of 10 bags of rice per day for distribution. The shelter has a public kitchen where rice porridge is distributed twice a day (9:00-11:00 and 14:00-16:00). Red ration cards for rice porridge have been distributed to 492 households, totaling about 3,000 people. About 1,500 people did not receive free rice porridge, and about 2,400 people took care of their own meals. Refugees who still have some money receive rice porridge for a fee, 3 copper coins per cup.The total daily income is 12 yuan. Based on this, it is estimated that there are about 600 wealthy refugees. People told us that the proceeds were used to buy candles, mats and other household items for the shelter.In addition, part of the money was used to buy cigarettes and distribute them to Japanese soldiers, lest they come to harass the refugees in the camps. The director of the shelter has been asked to submit a bill to the International Committee for the money spent. The inspection committee had the impression that most refugees cook for themselves. Dissatisfaction: Numerous complaints have been made, such as the distribution of red ration cards (free cards) that give priority to those who should not have received them.Many poor people reportedly do not receive ration cards.Because the crowd is too crowded, it is very difficult to get porridge.Even those who carve their way through the crowd with their arms complain that they can hardly get porridge.In addition, some people complained that the porridge is not good, that is to say, it cannot be eaten.The rice porridge was mixed with uncooked water in order to use the reserves sparingly, which led to many diseases (there were many sick people in this asylum). The Chinese police announced that it was impossible to cooperate with the leaders of the shelters because of the severe partiality of these leaders in the distribution of rice porridge. evaluate: The inspection committee found that there were 31.5 bags of rice in the house, of which 22 bags were in the basement and 9.5 bags were in another room.The director of the shelter told us that the amount of rice provided to him by the International Committee can fully meet his needs.But in our view, this was either bad intentions or an attempt to impose strict austerity measures that were so severe that they adversely affected refugees in shelters.Of the rice found, 22 bags had just been supplied and were scheduled to be used that day and in the following days.No explanation was given for the remaining 9.5 bags of rice. The sanitation in the shelter has to be seen as dire.The existing space is too crowded for so many people.Strict hygiene measures must therefore be announced and implemented immediately. In addition, we suggest that a few more doors be opened in the public kitchen where the rice porridge is distributed to make the distribution a little easier. Our impression is that organization and leadership leave room for improvement.The Director of the Asylum appears to be honest, hardworking and committed to his task, but we do not think he has firmly taken his people into his own hands. We recommend that the International Commission do a good job of monitoring the sale of rice and the whereabouts of the income derived from it.Many people in this shelter still live on the reserves they brought with them.But their reserves are about to run out, and some have already.Therefore, preparations must be made to meet increased demand.There were some very respectable people among the refugees, they were just in trouble because of the war, and it was hard for them to open their mouths to beg for food. German Chinese Club (DOS) refugee shelter Examined by Lowe, Wang, Mills and Messrs. Foster on 31 December 1937. organize: Director: Mr. Zhao Tangrong (transliteration) Number of refugees: 444. Rice distribution: The shelter receives an average of 2 bags of rice every day.Because the number of refugees varies, sometimes there is a small surplus of rice, which is then distributed among the people. Distribution is free. Each person is given 1 liter of rice at a time for 2 days.When distributing, it is not divided into adults or children, and the number of each person is the same. The refugees all seemed satisfied and made no complaints. There is no communal kitchen here, each family cooks for themselves. evaluate: The inspection committee had the impression that refugees in this shelter were well cared for, both in terms of food and housing.The director of the shelter is asked to submit a list of people who can provide their own meals and who can buy rice themselves. In addition, we recommend that hygiene regulations be more strictly enforced. Quaker Mission Refugee Shelter 1938年1月1日由洛、王、米尔斯和福斯特先生检查。 组织： 所长：张公生（音译）先生 难民人数：约800人。男性居多，妇女比儿童多。 部分难民居住在上述传教团辖区的房屋里，部分居住在草棚里。 这个收容所常常遭到日本士兵的抢掠，妇女经常遭到强 奸；不久前情况才开始有所好转。 有一些难民外出为日本士兵干话；他们滞留在外1天～3天。他们有时得到一些大米作为干活的报酬。但是有关此事他们秘而不宣。 看不出有很多的组织工作，但是难民看来是满意的。 大米分发： 收容所平均每天得到2袋大米。没有公共厨房，每个家庭自己做饭。 每人每天获得十分之七升有时只有十分之四升大米。提供4袋大米时，每人每天可分发到1升大米。 米是免费分发的。分发时成人和儿童没有区别。 评价： 要求收容所所长呈交一份他的收容所中所有能够自行解决膳食的难民名单。此外，还指示他设法更好地执行卫生规定，因为收容所中的卫生状况不符合卫生规定。 汉口路小学难民收容所 1938年1月1日由洛、王、米尔斯和福斯特先生检查。 组织： 所长：郑大成先生 难民人数：约1400人（以前为1500人）。 看来难民对领导满意。 大米分发： 每天有4袋米供分配。没有公共厨房，每个家庭自己做饭。 几乎所有的难民吃干饭（不是稀饭）。分发时成人和儿童没有区别。 约150人带有自己的大米储备或有钱为自己购得大米。这个收容所没有米出售。 评价： 这个收容所的房屋十分拥挤。因此，严格执行卫生规定有十分重要的意义。检查委员会建议收容所所长组建一支卫生队，督促或在必要时强制难民注意清洁。 我们的印象是，这个收容所的难民抢救出了他们大部分的箱子等物品，总之东西比其他收容所的要多，这更加加重了空间的拥挤和狭窄程度。