Chapter 32 Postscript Conversation with Chairman Mao-2

The third series of my main experience Section 64 Postscript and Chairman Mao's Conversation (4) Snow Queen and Huang Genyong in Longevity Hill in 1951. Minutes of the conversation on September 5, 1951 Not long after the above conversation, I moved with my family to live in the Xisi residence near Shifang in the Summer Palace in early October. Huang Genyong, Li Yuanting, Meng Xianguang and others also lived in the side rooms on both sides for lectures and writing.The title of the writing is "The Road to the Founding of China".There are still two volumes of his manuscript, but he stopped writing before finishing.

In the new year, I heard that there will be an organization of the first regiment of land reform work in Southwest China. Recalling the intention expressed by the chairman last year, after obtaining the consent of the United Front Work Department, I will join Gen Yong together, and the trip will take place after May Day. At that time, under the Southwest Region, the province of Sichuan was divided into four regions: east, west, south, north.As a result, more than a hundred people from our land reform work group were also divided into four groups and went to work in four districts.Gen Yong and I participated in the first district of eastern Sichuan with Zhang Naiqi, head of the land reform team.The working place is in Hechuan County, and the regiment headquarters is stationed in Yunmen Town.But Gen Yong and I would like to live in the countryside so that we can work.The work situation is not described here.The work ended in late August, and I flew back to Beijing on the 30th.When he arrived in Beijing, he still lived in the Summer Palace.The chairman heard that I was back and summoned me for a meeting on the evening of September 5th.

At that time, Zhang Naiqi was also invited by the chairman to talk. He had already talked a lot and was taking his farewell to the chairman.Therefore, I will not talk more about the process of land reform in eastern Sichuan.And on the occasion of dinner for the chairman, Jiang Qing also came to sit.I have already eaten at home. Although I sit in a row, I only eat a peach, and then I turn to casual conversation. During the conversation, the chairman said to Jiang Qing: "When you go to the south of the Yangtze River to visit the land reform, the local cadres prevent you from going to the countryside; if you come back after living in the city for a few days, you have not completed the task. This is not acceptable!" In the land reform movement, you still have to see.

During the conversation, I mentioned that Comrade Deng Xiaoping had given us a lengthy report on how Liu and Deng’s army had cleared up bandits and riots and deployed land reforms since they entered Sichuan.The chairman nodded and said: "He can do everything in military politics." He said again and again: "That's a good hand! That's a good hand!" I was very impressed at the time.After the abolition of the major regions across the country, most of the responsible persons from all parties gathered in the central government, and Deng Du was appointed as the general secretary of the party for a reason.

At the end, the chairman said: It is reported that there are some troublesome problems in the land reform in Guangdong. You can go and have a look, okay?I replied: I entered Sichuan to participate in the land reform work in early May and returned at the end of August. It took four months from the beginning to the end, and I didn't want to go out anymore.The chairman is not strong. Minutes of the conversation on August 7, 1952 This conversation started at two o'clock in the afternoon, and I quit at four o'clock, which was different from the usual conversations that were mostly held at night.Also, this conversation was at my request (through Mr. Lin), and it was not called by the chairman.I have not participated in the revolution for many years, but I thought I was committed to the revolution, which hindered the (Communist) revolution, so I need to review myself.I wrote a long review article "Why I Finally Fall into Reformism", and I sent it to Secretary-General Lin Boqu for reading and then forwarded it to the chairman for reading, hoping to get the chairman's advice. It was delivered on May 5, and finally——August 7—the chairman called me for an interview.

The chairman said to me: Your self-criticism article has tens of thousands of words, which is too long; I asked Mr. Lin to read it, and pointed out a few important paragraphs before I read it.It seems to me that your thinking has improved, but it is not enough, take your time! So I made a request to go to the Soviet Union for academic research.In the past, due to national disasters and serious social problems, I have been traveling all over the world for many years, and although I am naturally thoughtful, I have no time to engage in special research.Fortunately, under the leadership of the party, I just had the opportunity to settle down and study.Therefore, those who want to go to the Soviet Union must learn Pavlov's advanced neural activity.Because I have been intentionally writing the book "The Heart and Life" for many years, although Pap's study belongs to physiology, not psychology, it is closely related to psychology.Studying it can avoid the disadvantages of emptiness in psychology.This is the reason why he was the first to go to the Soviet Union.

Another reason is to go to the Soviet Union to study the relationship between the socio-economic base and its superstructure in Marxism.This is a big problem in observing and measuring an academic thought and how to establish a criterion in social culture.I paid attention to this problem and could not find a solution in China; the process of my visit and request is as follows—— In 1951, Dr. Eugene, the Soviet ambassador stationed in Beijing, wrote a long article titled "The Significance of Stalin's Works on Linguistics to the Development of Social Sciences." Beijing's "People's Daily" serialized his translation on October 17 and 18. It is to discuss the relationship between the socio-economic base and its superstructure. I am very interested in reading it.But the original text was discussed back and forth, and it took a lot of time to decipher. I don't know whether my understanding is correct, so I will divide the original text into: (1) What is the so-called social and economic foundation? (2) Who are the so-called superstructures? (3) What is the relationship between the two?Collect the original text under the three questions and try to make a conclusion, ask others for advice, and see if my conclusion is right? (Yes, there is no misinterpretation of Eugene's original intention.)

I seek advice from the following aspects: First, the theoretical group of the editorial department of the Beijing "People's Daily".Eugene's papers were published in the newspaper, so I asked them for advice.The reply said that the person in charge of the theory asked for leave, and the manuscript was returned to me.The second is to seek advice from Chen Boda.Chen lives in the party school opposite the Summer Palace, while I live in the garden, which is the closest.He has the purpose of being a theorist in the party, so I ask him for advice.But there was no reply for a long time.I went to the communication room of the party school to ask if Chen was at school; the answer was yes.So I wrote a letter to urge him to reply, but after a month, there was still no reply.The third is to seek advice from Shen Zhiyuan.Shen once studied in the Soviet Union and returned to China through Yan'an at the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War. People in Yan'an heard that he was a Marxist-Leninist scholar.So I inquired about his address in Shanghai from the headquarters of the Democratic League and wrote to ask for advice.It is difficult for Shen Xinyun to answer the question of the collection of affairs.In the end, Comrade Zhu Jiefu of the CPPCC study meeting asked the editor-in-chief of "Study" magazine for advice on my behalf, and got a reply letter, saying: This involves many theoretical issues, and further research is needed.To sum up, I have sought advice in many ways, but to no avail, so I have to go to the Soviet Union for a visit.

When I made the above statement to Chairman Mao, I said that other people could not answer my questions, but they all returned my original copies. Chen Boda alone did not reply to me, and withheld my original copy of more than 6,000 words.The chairman laughed and said: Your original document is here now; he brought it to me to read.But the chairman also ignored my question and only answered me that it was not the right time to go to the Soviet Union. The chairman said that in the past two years, many of our people have gone to the Soviet Union.Most of them are visiting groups, and they will travel around under their guidance.Then there are the overseas students who are sent to study under their arrangement.But what you ask means neither to visit, nor to go to school, but to live there and engage in a kind of problem research.Although there is goodwill between China and the Soviet Union, they are two countries after all, and they don't know what you are doing; this is not good.Impossible.

At this point in the conversation, the chairman said regarding my third reason for going to the Soviet Union: Don’t you want to investigate and understand the traditional culture, historical background and current situation of Russian society?You might as well do a social survey on our own country.First, I asked the chairman what tasks he had for me, and I thought this was the task for me.So ask about the research project.The chairman said that you can investigate whatever you want to investigate, and go wherever you want.You can bring a few assistants, Gongjia will give you all the convenience.I felt the chairman's kindness, so I couldn't refuse.But I have something to do in my heart, and I don't want to follow orders.It's blurry now.Unexpectedly, the chairman was very serious. The next day, he immediately handed it over to the United Front Work Department for me to prepare for departure - another note will be later.

The conversation turns to the circumstances of my childhood education.I said, I haven't read the scriptures - this is because of my father's will - such as "Mencius", "Mencius" and other four books, but I only read them by myself later.He likes to read "Book of Books", but there are so many uncommon words and sentences that he doesn't understand.The chairman interjected: "I have read a lot of scriptures!" He also said that he went to a private school for three years at the age of eight, and after he was ten years old, he was very addicted to reading.There are few books in the family, but my grandfather's family has a collection of books, such as "Historical Records" and "Han Shu", which are all borrowed from my grandfather's family for reading. I mentioned that when I was sixteen or seventeen years old, I always hated the world and wanted to become a monk. Now that I am old, I will never forget this ambition.I recalled that when I searched and read Buddhist scriptures at that time, there was no one to guide me, and I groped in secret, and I got it right after a long time.At the age of twenty-four, he had no academic ability to teach in a university, but was actually drawn into Peking University by President Cai to serve as a lecturer in Indian philosophy.I had no interest in Confucianism at first, but later realized its value cannot be underestimated.The chairman said that Confucianism and Buddhism have always been indifferent.Especially because they are not familiar with Buddhist theory.However, in Hunan, Buddhist temples are numerous and large.I once visited a large temple in Weishan, Ningxiang, which belongs to the Weiyang sect of Zen. There are about a thousand monks in the temple, and most of them are lucky to work in the fields.I don't know how.Chen Mingshu wrote a letter yesterday, ordering monks and nuns to return to secular life, destroying temples, and complaining about grievances on behalf of some local party members and cadres.This is not our party policy.Religion is believed to be opium that numbs the people; however, Lenin said that the Communist Party does not impose opium.The central government should tell the party members cloud. The chairman then talked about the situation of Zhou Binglin, a professor at Peking University, and Pan Guangdan, a professor at Tsinghua University.It is said that Zhou's son hung a photo of the chairman on the wall, and Zhou Noir wanted to remove it, whether it was someone or not.The chairman says it need not be; the promiser has free will.If respect for leaders is imposed on others, it will be a mere formality, which will do more harm than good.About Pan Guangdan, I don't remember clearly now, so I will omit it. (Note: Zhou Yuan was a member of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang and once served as the director of the Education Department of Hebei Province.) At the end of the day, I was entrusted by Zhang Dongsun to mention Zhang Dongsun's crimes.Zhang is brilliant and outstanding, and has long enjoyed a high reputation in the academic and ideological circles, and has known me for decades.During the liberation of Beijing, he was also one of the people who traveled inside and outside the city. Founded in 1949, organized the Central People's Government, one of the sixty members.Unexpectedly, he was pro-American and fearful of the United States (note: at this time he was a professor at Yenching University run by the Americans), so he was tempted by a special spy and willingly provided information to the US State Department, stealing government meeting documents and giving it secretly.The spy was arrested and confessed.Zhang was flustered, intoxicated like a maniac, and had no food or sleep. I both hated him and felt sorry for him. Although I didn't intend to intercede for him, I would like to find out how the chairman would deal with it.Unexpectedly, the chairman was not angry at this matter, and replied to me: "Peng Zhen came to report this matter to me in detail."Peng Zhen wanted to arrest him, but I said no.This kind of scholar and literati cannot be rebelled.But I will never see him again; he can no longer hold meetings with us.I think he will make a self-criticism to me, let's see how he does it! That's the end of the day's conversation; when I was leaving, the chairman said: I'm not busy!I said it was four o'clock.The Chairman said, well, let's go to the meeting.It turned out that the meeting place of the Central People's Government was next door to Qinzheng Hall. The chairman presided over the meeting, and I sat in the back seat with other members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. The third series of my main experience Section 65 Postscript and Chairman Mao's Conversation (5) Summarize the above, briefly note the return of each problem First of all, as mentioned above, the chairman asked me to go to various places to conduct social investigations. Since I did not refuse, the chairman handed over to the United Front Work Department to prepare for my departure. On August 9, Comrade Xu Bing invited me to the United Front Work Department to discuss everything.I frankly stated that I wanted to go to the Soviet Union. I had been studying Russian for more than a year, and my accompanying secretary, Li Fu, also studied hard, and was able to translate Russian books and newspapers.Xu Bing claimed that he had studied in Russia for many years, because there were not many Marxist-Leninist books translated in China at that time, but it is different today.Today, there are not only good Chinese translations, but also it is very convenient to buy any original works.In short, he advised me to follow the chairman's wishes to conduct social research in China.But even if I can't go to the Soviet Union, I don't want to roam for the country.He couldn't compete with each other, so he had to reply to the chairman truthfully. Two years later, I had a great realization of the Chairman's kindness.This is the issue of the transformation of intellectuals that Mao and Zhou often talked about, pointing out that intellectuals must go to the factories and countryside to be close to workers and peasants, so that intellectuals should work as people, and workers and peasants should become intellectuals.This policy is necessary to move towards a communist society.Recalling that from March 1950 to August 1952, I talked with the chairman four times. Every time he always advised me to go out and have a look. Only the first time I obeyed. I refused to obey the other three times, which was a big disappointment. he. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the problems I wanted to go to the Soviet Union to study and solve were generally solved after I studied and studied in Beijing.For example: (1) There are many translations or monographs published in China on Pavlov's advanced neural activity, such as Go Shaolong's translation.Another example is that there are also many articles introducing and discussing journals.I have a general understanding of it, and have taught the general idea of ​​this study to my classmates and friends for more than a month. (2) As for the relationship between the socio-economic base and its superstructure, after several years of thinking and research, I have seen it clearly.The relationship between the social economic base and its superstructure is developing and changing step by step in the history of human civilization and culture.The superstructure in the early stage only had some reaction to the economic base, and the superstructure became stronger and more powerful later on.At the beginning, human beings were just a thing in nature, but later they seemed to be the masters of nature."Marxism and Linguistic Problems" written by Stalin intends to point out that some scholarship does not vary according to class; Regarding the economic base and superstructure issues, lack of true knowledge and opinions is almost useless. (3) As for my desire to go to the Soviet Union to investigate and understand the traditional culture and current situation of Russian society, the emergence of revisionism and the restoration of capitalism in the Soviet Union showed its detour towards communism.This detour is due to the background of its national historical development and traditional culture, and it is not accidental.The socialist revolution did not occur in the advanced capitalist countries, but occurred in the backward Russia and China, each with its own reasons.I learned that the Russian Revolution was not stable, and it really wasn't bad.But China will lead the world revolution because of its own unique historical and cultural background.The recent works "On the Historical Development of Chinese Society Belongs to Marx's So-called Asian Social Production Mode" and "How Should We Evaluate Confucius Today" are sufficient references. My own question ends here.Another question about Zhang Dongsun, Chairman Mao's magnanimity and tolerance, did not add any crime.Zhang wrote his own review and sent it to the chairman for reading. The chairman was not satisfied and asked him to write again.Zhang wrote for the second time, but was still not approved.For the third time, what he wrote was honored.So no crime was added, and the Central Museum of Culture and History was given treatment, with a monthly living allowance of 100 yuan. (It was later reported that Zhang himself seemed to live to be ninety years old before he died.) (The above article was written in December 1976 and was not completed until February 1977.) Addendum to Chairman Mao's Talk Chairman Mao has some conversations for journalists, so I will add them—— One is that in September 1951, when I returned to Beijing after working on the land reform in Sichuan, I met the chairman and talked about the death of many landlords during the land reform.The chairman said: Taiwan spread rumors that more than 10 million people died; where are there so many?I estimate that there are about 600,000 people in the whole country! One is that during a meal together, because I was a vegetarian, the chairman mentioned that he had also been a vegetarian for half a year.According to cloud: After arriving in Beijing in the seventh year of the Republic of China, I often traveled between the first courtyard of Peking University (the Red Building on the Beach) and the second courtyard (north of Mashenmiao Street).There is a mutton shop in the north of Dongshou Road, Mashenmiao Street, which is commonly called "mutton bed" by Beijingers. One morning, I saw it slaughtering, skinning and disemboweling a sheep in front of the door.If it is like this for half a year, the cloud will be forgotten because of leaving Beijing and returning to the south. Diary of February 11, 1977