Chapter 33 The fourth series remembers teachers and friends in memory of Mr. Cai Yuanpei

Missing Teachers and Friends, Series 4 Chapter 66 Commemorating Mr. Cai Yuanpei (1) In 1918, the graduation photo of the Philosophy Department of Peking University.The author is the second from the right in the front row, Chen Duxiu is the third from the right, Cai Yuanpei is the fourth from the right, and Feng Youlan is the fourth from the left in the second row. Returning to Guilin from Hong Kong in February 1931, "Cultural Magazine" wrote a commemorative article on the second anniversary of Mr. Cai's death at that time.At the beginning of Mr. Cai's death, Yu Yu published an article in Chongqing's "Ta Kung Pao", which generally discussed China's new opportunities in the past 20 to 30 years. Mr. Cai actually opened it up and will not repeat it now.Now I will only describe Mr. Cai's greatness and my personal feeling of being acquainted with him.

The achievements of Mr. Cai's life are not in knowledge or meritorious deeds, but in creating a trend, causing a big trend, affecting the whole country, and reaping the fruits for future generations.Of course, this was not done by him alone, but when the sports meeting came, many people participated in it.However, when counted, Mr. Cai must be the first. When I say the Olympic Games, I mean that the historical development will be at that time, which happens to be the end of the last World War. Many old things will end here, and a new opportunity for mankind will start here.In social life, in economy, in politics, all kinds of new trends are emerging, which are different from the so-called "modern trends" of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.As for China, just after the first revolution triggered by the "modern trend", the reactionary (Yuan family) imperial movement (the fifth year of the Republic of China, that is, 1916), the Qing dynasty restoration movement (the sixth year of the Republic of China, 1917), and so on When the old and the new forces are fighting each other.Mr. Cai was appointed as the President of Peking University at the request of Mr. Fan Jingsheng, the Minister of Education, under Yuan Daoliji, the North-South Unification Cabinet.Mr. Fan was originally introduced by Mr. Cai as the deputy minister when he was the first Minister of Education in the Republic of China. It goes without saying that the two men get along well.And Mr. Kuang Cai regards the Hanlin of the Qing Dynasty as a revolutionary giant, with both old and new aspirations in one body.At this time, if we want to expand the modern trend, and then import the latest trend, so that many new consciousnesses can be deepened and generalized in Chinese society, so as to overcome the old forces invisibly. No one else has this strength.

This is not only to say that Mr. Cai can win the support of the government and the educational circles, but also that Mr. Cai's reputation is convincing; what is more important is that Mr. Cai's knowledge and insight are just right for the job.Since the world's great transportation between east and west, Chinese people have paid more attention to the tangible and practical side of Western culture, but neglected its intangible super-practical aspects.Although concepts related to political system and social etiquette, such as "freedom", "equality", and "democracy", were imported later, they are still not deep enough, and have not yet explored the root of culture.Only Mr. Cai is full of philosophical interest, which is where the mind is invisible and super practical.When it comes to his mechanism, his insight is beyond the reach of others, which can be seen from here.Because of its large scope and far-reaching knowledge, it can accommodate all kinds of people with different opinions and talents, and quote from the right to the left, and it was very popular for a while.Later, a kind of atmosphere developed, and a big trend was formed, which was also born here.

Regarding Mr. Cai's inclusiveness, there are many commentators nowadays who can say a lot.But I would like to point out: Mr. Cai is not only aware of the needs of running a university, but more importantly, he has many hobbies and extremely broad interests in his nature.It is artificial (false) to be aware of this need and then to be inclusive; it is natural (true) to like this in nature.Intentional inclusiveness can be learned, but nature out of temperament cannot be learned.Intentionally compatible and inclusive, not necessarily compatible and inclusive.Only out of true love, others are willing to be tolerated by him, and the latter can be maintained even though it is complicated. ——This side is the real device bureau, the real measure.

For example, in Mr. Cai's tolerance, the people who played the most important role at that time were Mr. Chen Duxiu first, and Mr. Hu Shizhi second. Regardless of the depth of their knowledge, they all have a kind of ability that they can grasp a little bit of meaning by themselves. degree with everyone.Mr. Hu has a clear mind, and everyone can easily understand what he has played.The New Culture Movement at that time cannot but be attributed to him.However, it is not like Mr. Chen's incisiveness and honesty. Every time he publishes a commentary, thousands of people are changed.In fact, only he can set off big waves in the ideological world.Although the two gentlemen both received the support of Mr. Cai, Mr. Hu was a man and Yi Pingzheng, so Mr. Cai did not need to work hard to support them.Mr. Chen is different.He offended a lot of people inside the school, and caused even more opposition outside the school.Moreover, he is not careful, and gives the truth to the population.If it hadn't been for Mr. Cai's great support, it would not be able to survive.If you ask Mr. Cai why he can do so much to support him?It is because although Mr. Cai knows that he has various shortcomings, he finally has a real interest in him as a person, and has genuine agreement and sympathy for his opinions and propositions. ——If it wasn’t Mr. Cai, no one would support him; and if Mr. Cai didn’t really love him and sympathize with him, he wouldn’t support him either.

Mr. Hu's vernacular movement was the backbone of the New Culture Movement at that time.However, it is not as if the new life thought belongs to the soul of the New Culture Movement.This can only be triggered by Mr. Chen's brave attack on the old morality.Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, the struggle between Chinese and Western cultures in the past few decades has been traced to the end, and the root of it has been thoroughly seen.Although people now think that the two of them are outdated and can no longer lead the way.However, today's situation and today's atmosphere (doesn't matter whether it's good or bad) were opened by them at that time, and even those who don't like it can't hide it.Naturally speaking, Chen and Hu were not the only figures at that time.For example, Li Shouchang (Dazhao), Gu Mengyu, Tao Menghe, Zhou Shuren, Zhou Zuoren, Qian Xuantong, and Gao Yihan are all authors, and they each have their own magical powers.Mr. Cai may not be able to do all the work of Chen, Hu, and any of you. However, if they did not have Mr. Cai, they would not be able to gather at Peking University, let alone have the opportunity to express themselves.Gathering them together and allowing them to express themselves is, after all, Mr. Cai's unique greatness.Therefore, in the past 20 to 30 years, China's new opportunities cannot but be said to have been developed by Mr. Cai.

At this time, although I was personally in Mr. Cai's gathering and tolerance, I was not counted in this sports meeting.Because I do not belong to the group of this new school, and at the same time, I am not counted among the scholars of the old school.It belonged to Gu Tangsheng (Hong Ming), Liu Shenshu (Shi Pei), Huang Jigang (Kan), Chen Bo (Han Zhang), Ma Yichu (Xilun) and so on.I was just a person who was cultivated in Peking University at that time, not a person who was expressed in Peking University at that time.Here, we can say that Mr. Cai's greatness not only gathers many people together, but also cultivates many people.Apart from many students, there are many people like me who are not students but have been trained.

I came to Peking University as a lecturer in the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917), and I was hired in the year before that, that is, when Mr. Cai first took over as the principal.Mr. Cai knows me because I have a work called "Juyuan Casuistry", which was published in Shanghai "Oriental Magazine" (about the summer of the fifth year of the Republic of China, serialized in June, July, and August, and later included in the Oriental Library as a single volume).This work is based on the tragic death of Mr. Huang Yuanyong.At that time, I was in Beijing and got a letter from Yuanyong from Shanghai, and at the same time I read his confession (written by Chu Meishu, published in "Oriental Magazine"), and then I heard the news that he was assassinated in the United States.This dissertation develops the thought of being born in India, and indicates that the only way to live is to convert to Buddhism.Send the manuscript to Mr. Zhang Xingyan (Shi Zhao).Mr. Shizhang went to Yuan Lihu, and it was obtained by Mr. Jiang Zhuzhuang (Wei Qiao), and he paid for "Oriental Magazine" to publish.Soon after Yuan Dao Liji, Mr. Cai returned from overseas at the request of Mr. Fan. Since I was a teenager, I have loved philosophy. I read Mr. Cai’s "Philosophy Essentials" very early, and Mr. Jiumu did not discuss it in depth. In the first year of the Republic of China, I was a journalist, and Mr. Cai was a member of the cabinet. I met several times), because Mr. Fan introduced Mr. Jin Ye to his home. Unexpectedly, as soon as we met, Mr. Cai said that he would invite me to teach at Peking University.

I remember that one day, Mr. Cai invited me to meet Mr. Chen Zhongfu (Duxiu) in the principal’s office, and proposed to invite me to take a course in Indian philosophy (Mr. Chen was newly hired as the dean of liberal arts, which is equivalent to the dean of the so-called liberal arts college today).I said how did I know anything about Indian philosophy?There are so many sects in India, I only understand a little bit of Buddhist thought.If you want me to teach, I don't have to teach!Mr. Cai replied: You say you don't understand Indian philosophy, but who really understands it?No one knows just a little bit, and it's almost the same anyway.We can't find anyone, so come on!I don't dare to take the liberty of taking responsibility.The teacher said again, don't you like philosophy?I myself like philosophy, and we have some friends who like philosophy. When I come to Peking University this time, I want to attract these friends, even friends who are unknown, to study together and learn from each other.Why don't you come?You should not be a teacher to teach people, you should come to learn together.His few words moved me, and I had no choice but to agree.

Although I agreed, but I couldn't leave at that time.At that time, I was serving as the Secretary of the Ministry of Justice for the Attorney General Mr. Zhang Yuxi (Yao Zeng).At the same time, Mr. Shen Hengshan (Jun Ru) was the secretary.Mr. Shen mostly takes care of outside affairs for Mr. Zhang, while I take care of confidential correspondence.Those who defeated Yuan mainly focused on the southwestern provinces, and Zhang Gongshi joined the cabinet on behalf of Yunnan, Sichuan and Guangdong in the southwest.At the beginning of the reunification of the North and the South, there were so many confidential letters in politics, I was often busy until late at night.Since I have no preparation for this subject, and I need to make up lecture notes, how can I do it?In the end, I had to retweet Mr. Xu Jishang (Dan) to substitute for me.

In the following year, after the restoration of Zhang Xun, the government was reorganized, and Mr. Xixi stepped down, and I also left my job and traveled south to Hunan. In October, Wang Ruxian and other troops of the Northern Army in Hengshan routed to Changsha and plundered to the north.I also couldn't live in peace, and returned to Beijing following the retreat of the refugees from the defeated soldiers to Wuhan.Feeling that the civil war was a disaster, he wrote an article "My Cao is not as good as the common people", calling on people with aspirations to come out and organize a "National Peace Council" to jointly stop the civil war and cultivate a democratic force.He printed thousands of copies himself and distributed them to people everywhere.Just at this time, Mr. Xu was seriously ill, and he had been absent from school since the beginning of the summer vacation. Mr. Cai urged me to come to the school to take over, so I went to Peking University. Missing Teachers and Friends, Series 4 Chapter 67 Commemorating Mr. Cai Yuanpei (2) I stayed at Peking University for seven years, from the sixth year to the thirteenth year of the Republic of China (from the brewing of new thoughts, the outbreak of the May 4th Movement, to the reorganization of the Kuomintang).I begged to leave twice because of encephalopathy, but Mr. Cai earnestly persuaded me to stay, so I won't bother to mention the details.The benefits I have gained from Mr. Cai and his colleagues and classmates in seven years are direct and indirect, tangible and intangible, and innumerable.In short, Peking University has really trained me.In terms of age, Mr. Cai is twenty-six years older than me, and I can only be counted as a student.However, during the seven years of correspondence with my husband, my husband always called me "Mr. Shuming", and I never said goodbye, nor did I call myself a late student.Gai was originally the relationship between the principal and teacher in the school, so he dared not be disrespectful, and he used Mr. Cai's humility.After leaving school, every time I wrote a letter, I claimed to be late for school. Recently, there was a rumor in the Sichuan newspapers that I applied for Peking University for the first time but was not accepted, and then I was hired as a professor instead, which is not true.It can be seen from the above (at that time Mr. Cai hired me as a lecturer and not as a professor).However, when I first arrived at Peking University, I was actually only twenty-four years old, about the same age as all my classmates, and some were two years older than me.Now famous professors Feng Youlan, Gu Jiegang, Sun Wenwen, and Zhu Qianzhi all gathered in the classroom that day.There are also those who were classmates with me when I was young, but at that time they were studying at Peking University, such as Lei Guoneng (in the law department) and Zhang Shenfu (in Songnian, in the science department). Why did Mr. Cai lure me to Peking University at that time, and repeatedly persuade me to stay?I neither belong to the new school (there are some outsiders who regard me as the opponents of Chen and Hu), nor do I have old learning, nor do I have scientific expertise.This is the reason why Mr. Cai has many hobbies and extensive interests as mentioned above.He may feel that I am full of research interests, and I am a studious and thoughtful person, so it is always good to be in a university.At the same time, he was also quite interested in what I said about Indian philosophy, Chinese culture, etc., without prejudice.This is a kind of temperament.This demeanor is entirely in line with his philosophical interests.In other words, if the mind is too practical, or someone with a dogmatic and stubborn temper, this will not be the case.This kind of bearing is necessary for a university president; to be honest, it is also necessary for a person who governs the country sometimes! Because Mr. Cai is fond of philosophy, he also invited teachers who are interested in philosophy, which also developed the students' interest in philosophy.In the seven years I have witnessed, the Department of Philosophy has always been the most important department.When it was at its height, it had more students than any other department.In addition to those who registered for elective philosophy courses, many other students came to listen to the lectures freely.People from outside the school (such as students of Liulichang Higher Normal University, students of Taipusi Street Law School, and some people who are not students) often come to listen to the lectures.The classrooms arranged by the registration department are not available.Because the classroom could have accommodated the number of registered students, but the number of people actually attending lectures has increased, or even doubled, so it is necessary to change to a larger classroom.From my own experience, when I lectured on Confucianism in the first half of the 12th year of the Republic of China (1923) and the 13th year (1924), I had to use the lecture hall of the Second Academy.Usually the total number of attendees is about 200, and by the end of the course, there are more than 90 test papers for the exam, which means the officially registered students.It is said that in recent years (referring to before and during the Anti-Japanese War) there were very few students in the philosophy departments of universities in the north and south, and almost no one wanted to enter the philosophy department.Although the customs are different from time to time, it can be seen that Mr. Cai's advocacy was finally successful. If you ask Mr. Cai why he has all kinds of success—he can recruit talents, create a style of study, and affect the overall situation of the country, so that those who talk about history can't help but regard it as an epoch-making big show. What is the reason for his success?I can tell you: there is no other, he just has his true likes and dislikes.What is true likes and dislikes?Confucianism clearly points out: "If you like sex, you like bad smell".There are true likes and dislikes, and then his every word and action, no matter what he does, there is always a true meaning in it.In this way, he can impress people.People are either willing to follow him, or follow him for a while without knowing it.Zhu Huiweng once said: "If it is a real tiger, there must be wind", which is exactly what it means.He doesn't want to win over people in the world, and he doesn't want to force people in the world to listen to him.He doesn't use any means of coercion or lure.However, people in the world are driven by him.After all, he succeeded, after all, he succeeded indelibly.On the contrary, those who play tricks to deceive themselves, or think they are the heroes of the world, often waste their efforts and end up in vain.This is also the saying in Confucianism that "no sincerity is nothing". In short, the greatness of the Mr. Cai I know lies in his tolerance and sincerity on the one hand.His tolerance is frank and tolerant; his frankness is really tolerant and frank.To take it a step further: to be frank and sincere, to be tolerant; or maybe it is the reason why great people are great. Today, it has been twenty years since the new trend of thought swept the country, seventeen or eighteen years since Yu Zhi left Peking University, two years since Mr. Cai's death, and fifty years since Yu Zhi's immersion.In order to answer Mr. Cai's knowledge and experience, to repay the training of Peking University.I don't dare to belittle myself, and I will devote myself to the construction of the New Culture Movement, so that Mr. Cai's spirit will not end up as expressed in the past new trends of thought, but will have its final results.It is just where the wish is.Because of commemorating Mr. Cai, and aiming at this for self-motivation. Note This article was written in the 31st year of the Republic of China, that is, 1942; in 1970, the original manuscript of my manuscript was suddenly found among the piles of papers, and it has been 28 years.After reviewing that there is nothing left to save, it is important to transcribe a pass, and then add notes on the past fifty years ago as recalled. It is said in the article that Mr. Cai has many hobbies and extensive interests, and there are many cases that can be collected.Try one of them now.At that time (about 1927) there was Mr. Zhang Kecheng, a native of Shu in central Beijing, who preached Buddhist Consciousness-Only Theory in Guangji Temple, and he was allowed to listen to the lectures. .In fact, although Mr. Zhang believes in Buddhism, he does not understand Consciousness-only, and his misunderstanding is ridiculous, as he pointed out in his stupid book "On Consciousness-Only".However, how can Mr. Cai's eagerness to learn be compared? The article said that the grand occasion of Peking University's philosophy department at that time was as large as the number of people who came to listen to it when Yu taught Confucianism in 1923-1924.However, it should be noted that the audience is not all ideologically homogeneous, those who come for learning.Yu Zengwen heard that some opponents came to listen and advocated, "Let me hear how ridiculous he is." (Note: Among the classmates, Peng Jixiang and Yu Wenwei regarded me as idealism and expressed their opposition.) This is a reflection of the free and lively thinking at that time; whoever made the philosophical world so grand is not here? November 3, 1970 Diary And in the article, "He doesn't want to win over the world, let alone force the world to listen to him... On the contrary, those who deceive themselves and others by playing tricks, or think that they are the heroes of the world, but often waste their efforts and end up in vain; Sincerely nothing' is a word." Gai expressed his feelings about Chiang Kai-shek, who was in power at the time. At that time, in the middle of the Anti-Japanese War, everything was expected of Chiang, but wronged by Chiang, and he was deeply moved. Another record on November 8 of the same year This article commemorates Mr. Cai and the fact that Yu was appointed as the lecturer of the Department of Philosophy of Peking University, because I recalled the grand occasion of my classmates in the past: Sun Wenwen, Gu Jiegang, Feng Youlan, Huang Wenbi, and Zhu Ziqing were my classmates.I was twenty-four years old at the time, roughly the same age as each other.The only one-year elder in the class was Tan Mingqian, who was later famous in the revolutionary movement as Tan Pingshan, who was nearly thirty years old.The classmates and friends are far more than this. After this move, they all have attainments in learning, and they are all famous professors in the university. I just remember the number of them occasionally.Moreover, in the seven years between the first and last years of Peking University, the acquaintances and friends were not limited to the students in the philosophy department, but also spread to other departments.For example, Luo Changpei and Luo Yong are both in the Department of Chinese Language and Literature, like Chen Zheng is in the Department of German Language and Literature, like Ye Yu is in the Department of Science, like Huang Genyong is in the Preparatory Department, Zhu Qianzhi (free lectures, not belonging to any department), Wang Enyang (audit students) .Gu Yuanrui belongs to the Department of Philosophy, and later became acquainted with him because he was the secretary of the National Political Council.For example, although Wang Xingxian (English Department) did not know each other in school, he has been close to each other in his later years, and they are very compatible. Rediscovered on February 5, 1984