Chapter 31 Chapter 6 Forced to Resist

The first quarter why did not resist the Japanese Japan has had the ambition to invade China since the First Sino-Japanese War.The Treaty of Shimonoseki not only required North Korea to be independent so that it could be annexed in the future, but also to cut off the Liaodong Peninsula. Later, due to the interference of the three countries, it was returned to Liao, and the compensation was settled.This incident shows at least two facts: first, Japan does have territorial ambitions for China; second, the balance of power of imperialism in China.Russia, Germany, and France did not intervene to return the Liao Dynasty because of their love for China. In fact, because of their own imperialist interests, they did not want Japan to destroy the balance of power in China.But together with the European War, the big powers were busy with unprecedented wars, devoted all their efforts to Europe, and had no time to look east. They had to let Japan rise in the Far East, disrupting the balance of power, and Japan's aggression against China was inevitable. Loans, such as Twenty-one, such as the Shandong issue, followed one after another.The Shandong issue raised at the Paris Peace Conference proves that what the great powers respect is power rather than justice.China and Japan are both victorious countries, but they want to transfer the rights and interests of Shandong to Japanese imperialism.The reaction of the Chinese people to this incident was strong, and the famous "May 4th Movement" broke out.But after the exuberant emotions evaporated, the whole country did not focus on facing the Japanese aggression, let alone thinking about how to save the country, but continued to fight civil wars, from warlords to the revolutionary army's Northern Expedition, The muzzle is always inward.

The victory of the Northern Expedition was at least partly due to the Chinese people's dislike of warlords—they betrayed the country, they liked to fight civil wars, and they oppressed the people.After the victory of the Northern Expedition, the Second Republic of the Republic of China was established, and the era of Chiang Kai-shek came.Although Chiang Kai-shek and his Kuomintang consider themselves "nationalists", their consideration of the future of the nation is no better than that of the old warlords, and sometimes worse.They also sold out national rights, fought civil wars, and oppressed the common people in the same way! The Kuomintang fought civil wars even more violently, first in the bloody "party purge" in 1927, and then in the "Wuhan Incident" in 1929 ", using force to eliminate dissidents within the Kuomintang - Li Zongren's Fourth Army.In the "Central Plains War" in 1930, greater force was used to eliminate the other two dissidents in the Kuomintang—Feng Yuyang's Second Army and Yan Xishan's Third Army.The tragedy of the Central Plains War and the damage to the vitality of the country were never seen in the era of warlords.Moreover, due to the Great War in the Central Plains, Chiang Kai-shek lobbied Zhang Xueliang to enter the customs to help the Japanese Empire, which led to the September 18th Incident on September 18, 1931, when the Japanese Kwantung Army captured Shenyang.

The Japanese Kwantung Army in the Northeast brazenly launched the September 18th Incident and wanted to swallow Manchuria. Obviously, it was because the Chinese were hopeless and killed each other.On the day of September 18th, Chiang Kai-shek was sitting in Nanchang to "suppress bandits".Chiang Kai-shek used the September 18th Incident as a shame in his manuscripts and diaries.He was ashamed, because the Chinese army was vulnerable, and the Japanese army captured the three provinces in the Northeast.In fact, the Chinese army did not fight back at all, and did not resist at all.Zhang Xueliang and his Northeast Army were charged with "non-resistance", but the order of "non-resistance" was given by the supreme commander Chiang Kai-shek.Zhang Xueliang held a "non-resistance" telegram in his hand, and he had disclosed it to some people, including Zhang Taiyan, a master of Chinese studies who went north to question Zhang Xueliang.In fact, before September 18, Chiang Kai-shek's instructions that he did not want to resist had been published in the newspapers.After the Wanbaoshan incident, Chiang Kai-shek sent electricity from Jiangxi to the Nanjing government and Zhang Xueliang, saying:

The government and the people work together to suppress the anti-Japanese movement, and it is advisable to bear with self-respect and wait for the opportunity. (Shengjing Times, July 15, 1931) On August 16 of the same year, Chiang Kai-shek took another "Milling Video" to Zhang Xueliang, making it more clear: No matter how the Japanese army provokes the Northeast, we should not resist and try to avoid conflicts. My brother must not be angry for a while and ignore the country and the nation. After receiving the order, Zhang Xueliang sent a telegram to acting chairman Zang Shiyi in the Northeast on September 6, saying:

As for the Japanese, no matter how they make troubles, we must tolerate them in every possible way, and we must not resist them and cause troubles.That is to say, it is necessary to quickly and secretly order all subordinates to pay attention to it. (Telegram No. 104 of "The Case of the Japanese Nakamura" in the Archives of Liaoning Province) It can be seen that the non-resistance policy of Chiang Kai-shek and the Nanjing government was not only not a secret afterwards, but was also obvious before the event.How could the Japanese Kwantung Army, which is proficient in intelligence, not know?If you don't resist, how can I not take advantage of it?When September 181 was launched, China did not resist, like a lamb waiting to be slaughtered.Not resisting is the shame of Chiang Kai-shek, but Chiang Kai-shek wants Zhang Xueliang to take the blame!

Why not resist?There are many people who say: China is too weak to fight Japan.But resistance is not a declaration of war, not a provocation, but an inevitable self-defense action when the enemy comes up. It is better to fight and lose than to lose without fighting.What's more, at September 18th, there were still many troops in the Northeast.When Zhang Xueliang entered the customs in 1930, only 70,000 people were transferred.There are 60,000 people in Liaoning, 80,000 in Jilin, and 50,000 in Heilongjiang stationed outside the customs. There are still as many as 190,000 in total, while the Japanese Kwantung Army has only more than 10,000.The Japanese Kwantung Army of more than 10,000, without losing a single soldier or general, easily captured the three eastern provinces, and took the opportunity to loot. According to incomplete estimates, China's property losses were more than 1.7 billion.The saddest thing is the loss of weapons and ammunition. According to the most conservative estimates, Japan received 262 aircraft, 3,091 mortars and other types of artillery, 26 tanks, and rifles. And 118,206 pistols and 5,864 machine guns. (For the figures, see Volume 1 of Chen Jue's "Historical Materials on National Disasters After September 18th") With so many weapons, if the Northeast Army resisted desperately, even if it failed, it would inevitably inflict considerable trauma on the Kwantung Army and dampen its aggressiveness.The result of non-resistance not only allowed the enemy to take away land and weapons for nothing, but also increased the enemy's arrogance, and further wanted to get involved in North China!

On November 14, 1931, that is, two months after September 18 and four days later, Nai Li stated in the proclamation of the Fourth National Congress of the Kuomintang: The Chinese government respected the resolutions of the League of Nations, tried its best to avoid conflicts, and tried its best to protect Japanese overseas Chinese so that no unfortunate incidents would happen. Half a month later, on November 30, Chiang Kai-shek emphasized again in Gu Weijun's swearing-in speech at the foreign minister's oath: "To fight against the outside world, we must first settle down at home, and only when we unite can we resist insults."

After September 18th, the January 28th Incident, we have seen that the 19th Route Army launched the attack.After Chiang Kai-shek came back from the field, he wholeheartedly tried to compromise with the Japanese, signed the humiliating Songhu Armistice Agreement, and transferred the 19th Route Army to Fujian to fight the Communist Party. On April 7, 1933, Chiang Kai-shek further emphasized in "Instructions to Military Generals Against the Communist Suppression": Our enemy is not Japanese pirates, but bandits.The three northeastern provinces and Rehe were lost, and naturally they were lost under the so-called unified government, and we should be responsible.However, it doesn't really matter if we speak from a revolutionary standpoint. ...Concentrate on suppressing the bandits...No matter how much outsiders criticize and slander, we always take the first priority to clear up the internal bandits! ("Xi'an Incident Materials", Volume 1, page 6)

These are extremely explicit words he said in front of "his own people". The three provinces in the Northeast and Rehe were so easily lost, and they "have little to do with each other." This shows what position he stands on.In order to "concentrate on suppressing the bandits", they had to continue to accommodate Japan.In May of the same year, the humiliating Tanggu armistice agreement was signed, and the Chinese army agreed to retreat, and promised to "refrain from any acts of provocation and disturbance"! Chiang Kai-shek even sent a telegram to force Feng Yuxiang to Disband the People's Anti-Japanese Army.However, retreating everywhere and bearing the burden of humiliation did not ease the Japanese army's advancing step by step. It will further create Mongolia and force the Central Army to withdraw from North China.However, Japan made progress, and Chiang Kai-shek's Nanjing government continued to endure humiliation, so that on July 6, 1935, He Yingqin was ordered to sign the shameful, humiliating and humiliating "Ho Mei Agreement."Because of its shame, both He Yingqin and Chiang Kai-shek denied it afterwards, saying that there was no such thing as the "Ho Mei Agreement".The first volume of "General He Yingqin's Nineth Five-Year Chronicle" recently published in Taipei, pages 433-434, only mentions the statement of Umezu Yoshijiro, the commander of the Japanese Garrison in Tianjin, and believes that "the so-called "He Mei Agreement" is actually a Intentionally fabricated nouns"! Of course, in this "Chronicle Chronicle", there will not be an article on July 6th, and it will jump from June 30th to the beginning of September.In his speech to principals and student representatives of secondary schools across the country on January 15, 1936, Chiang Kai-shek also denied that there was any "Ho-Mei Agreement", saying that it was the propaganda of the Japanese, "totally deceiving oneself and others" and "absolutely There is no such thing", but at the same time, it is showing its feet and trying to cover up.Chairman Chiang said:

In June last year, Japan asked Minister He to request China to withdraw the Central Army in Hebei and cancel all the party headquarters and secret agencies in Ping, Tianjin, Hebei and Chahar. Minister He replied to him with a very simple letter: these Nothing is waiting for your request, our China has already taken care of it automatically, there is no need to sign any treaty, only these few words are mentioned in the letter. Since it is a written agreement to other people's requirements, and "automatically handle it", no matter how simple it is, it is an "agreement" and there is an obligation to abide by it.Besides, this simple letter was not simple. It was originally a manuscript drafted by the Japanese and asked He Yingqin to sign it. There was no such thing as "no need to make any treaty".The full text is as follows:.

On June 9, the various expectations raised by Chief of Staff Sakai were promised and automatically implemented.Notice hereby.Sincerely, Commander Umezu.Wan.He Yingqin. He Yingqin signed with his own hand and agreed to Meijin's promise of "various items and expectations" of the Japanese, and "automatic implementation". Isn't it enough to call it an "agreement"?If it weren't for the "agreement", would the Japanese be "quite satisfied" (in the words of Tan Takahashi, the author of Takahashi's book)?In fact, He Yingqin's signature was not as easy as Chiang Kai-shek said. When he was forced to, he immediately asked the then Premier of the Executive Yuan Wang Jingwei for instructions, and attached the original text. date signed.Recently, the Anti-Japanese War historical materials published by the Taipei Party History Association included a telegram from the "Confidential Archives of the Presidential Palace", which He Yingqin sent to Chiang Kai-shek on the day of signing.The full text is as follows: Urgent, Chengdu Chairman Jiang: It's very secret.Regarding the dispute in Hebei, the Japanese side must ask me to give a formal written reply. After careful consideration with Dean Wang, and after three weeks of repeated consultations with the Japanese side, it was recently decided that I should prepare an ordinary letter and send it to the commander of the Tianjin Garrison Army. Meijin, the article said: "Password: On June 9th, all the matters raised by Chief of Staff Sakai have been promised, and they are expected to be carried out independently. Hereby, this notice is given to Commander of Meijin, He Yingqin. July 6th, 2024 "And so on, the original was sent to the branch of the Ping Army today, and someone was sent to Takahashi to hand it over to Meijin.The fish is not secret. Two days later, on July 8th, Chiang Kai-shek felt that something was wrong, so he sent a letter to He Yingqin, instructing him to send a letter to Meijin "slowly send out", saying: "Even if it is to be sent out, there should be corrections in the words and sentences. Whether it is sent or not, I hope Li will reply. Zhongzheng. Qi Shen Jirong." The next day, He Yingqin called back, and of course it had already been sent.In Chiang Kai-shek's speech to middle school principals across the country, he said it very easily, but the original documents show that Jiang and He were not relaxed, because they knew in their hearts that this was obviously a written agreement.It is impossible to renege on the debt after having signed it in black and white.As for why Chiang Kai-shek was willing to sign the "Ho Mei Agreement"?To put it bluntly, he wants to implement the policy of "safety inside the country". Since the inside is not safe, he will not resist Japan at all costs.At that time, the calls for resistance against Japan were getting louder and louder all over China. Of course, there was pressure on Chiang Kai-shek, but he was unmoved and insisted on Annei's established policy. If Chiang Kai-shek's non-resistance can get a good-faith response from the Japanese government, there is something to be said, but the Japanese side is unreasonable and aggressive.However, non-resistance will not only fail to save the nation, but will lead to rapid death! If non-resistance can win international intervention and mediation, there is still something to say, but international powers are not keen on stopping the violent sun, and one of the reasons for not being keen is, But China is too chaotic, too weak, and too hopeless.If the Chinese unite as one, the whole country resists Japan, and fights a heroic resistance like that of the 19th Route Army in Songhu, it will definitely impress the international community and increase their willingness to intervene and mediate.In fact, the international concern about the September 18th Incident was not mainly about Japan’s occupation of Northeast China, but about Japan’s violation of the 1928 Non-War Pact, which threatened the world security order.If China strongly resists, not only will Japan be restrained by paying a higher price, but the international community will also work harder to prevent Japan from using violence to resolve international disputes.Therefore, we believe that if Chiang Kai-shek fully supports Zhang Xueliang in resisting the Japanese invasion of Northeast China, he may not dare to create Manchukuo, and it may not necessarily lead to a full-scale Sino-Japanese war because of September 18th. of.Jiang Zuobin, the government's first ambassador to Japan, wrote on November 20 after September 18: According to the daily report, when Nanjing heard that Qiqihar had fallen, a secret meeting should be held. There was talk that Chiang would go to the Eastern Province to supervise the war. ("Jiang Zuobin's Diary", page 382) This is not groundless. The U.S. military attache to China, William Mayer, once mentioned in an intelligence letter: The most sensational news this week: "Chiang Kai-shek solemnly announced at the secret meeting of the Fourth National Congress of the Kuomintang on November 19 (1931) that he was determined to go north to fulfill his duties and serve the party and the country." Although it was a secret meeting And Jiang's decision spread immediately.Many reports say he is about to leave Nanjing, but no date has been set. (United States Military Intelligence Report, 1911-1941 Volume 1, Report No. 8149, November 12-25, 1931) But in fact, he did not leave Beijing to go north to fight against Japan, but to take the opportunity to go to the field to show that he originally wanted to go to the Northeast to supervise the war, but because he was forced to go to the field, his ambition was not rewarded! If we use a little brains, we will know that he The reason why he went to the field was because of the non-resistance to Japan after September 18th.If you are determined to resist Japan, you will be able to unite the anti-Japanese consensus inside and outside the party, so why should you go out?After September 18, resistance to Japan was not only a domestic consensus, but even the U.S. military attache in China despised China’s non-resistance, and applauded Ma Zhanshan and praised the heroic resistance of the 19th Route Army, believing that the “will to fight” demonstrated was enough to win China’s resistance to Japan. final victory.Foreigners can clearly see the division and disunity in China at that time.But the greatest obstacle to unity was the non-resistance of the Führer Chiang Kai-shek.His focus was on enemies at home, and he paid less attention to enemies abroad. Chiang Kai-shek's policy of non-resistance was absolutely wrong and absolutely unreasonable. Even Hu Hanmin, the veteran of the Kuomintang, believed that it was a suicide policy to seek peace at home while fighting against foreign countries. (See "What is our way of life") But why did Chiang insist on his wrong policy?Even after September 18, he still stubbornly refused to resist the Japanese until after the Xi'an Incident.His reasoning was that to fight against the outside world, one must first settle down at home, that is to say, after the domestic enemies have been dealt with, we can talk about resistance against Japan. This slogan, which first settles down at home and then fights against the outside world, seems plausible, but in fact it cannot withstand analysis and refutation.The so-called "annei" means to eliminate "communist bandits".In fact... Chiang Kai-shek wants to secure the country, not just the Communist Party! He also wants to eliminate Feng Yuxiang, Yan Xishan, Li Zongren, and many other "non-identical troops". The "others" are all the Kuomintang, and they have contributed to the Northern Expedition, but they are still not good. According to Chiang Kai-shek, they are "new warlords".However, what Chiang Kai-shek wants to secure is not limited to the new warlords in the Kuomintang. Veterans of the Kuomintang such as Hu Hanmin still want to "safe"! Therefore, in order to succeed in securing peace, we must wait until Chiang Kai-shek succeeds in eradicating all those who oppose him and who may oppose him. power. Another reason is that China is too weak and needs time to recharge its batteries and reorganize its army to fight against Japan.Some even said that China's war of resistance was too early, and if China became stronger in a few years, the war against Japan would be even more successful.This statement is really ridiculous.These people seem to think that the Japanese empire was in decline while China was thriving.In fact, on the contrary, after September 18, Japan's militarism became stronger and stronger, while the situation in China went from bad to worse.Is asking Anne to go all out to fight the civil war the way to build national strength?Continuing the civil war is definitely continuing to consume limited national power.Therefore, from this point of view, first domestic peace before the war of resistance is a check that cannot be cashed, because after the real domestic peace is completed, China has no capital to fight against foreign countries. Chiang Kai-shek's failure to resist Japan caused an uproar throughout the country.Ten days after September 18, Jiang Zuobin wrote: "More than 600 students in Nanjing besieged the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Minister Wang (Zhengting) was seriously injured. There were also meetings among (Japanese) students studying here to petition to return to China. Human sentiments are exciting, Mo How about it." ("Jiang Zuobin's Diary", page 363) On October 2, he also wrote: "All the students of civil and military affairs came to ask to return to the country. Their tongues were burnt and their lips were burnt. They tried hard to persuade, but they never listened." 65) On December 8, it was also recorded: "I heard that the students in the country were rioting, and the Communist Party also took advantage of the opportunity. The future is not optimistic." (same book, page 389) and on December 15: "Nanjing The student riots destroyed the central party headquarters and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and there has been anarchy everywhere. Cai Yuanpei, Gu Weijun, etc. were seriously injured, and Chiang Kai-shek was electrified and left the field." (same book, page 391) If Chiang Kai-shek really wanted to go north to supervise the war against Japan, Can the angry students not be ecstatic and unanimously support, do they still need to step down?Hu Hanmin and the Kuomintang in Guangzhou turned against Chiang because of their resistance to Japan. If Chiang was fighting against Japan, why should he turn against Chiang? However, the anti-Japanese enthusiasm was not only seen in the young students, but the stable and prudent elders of the country, such as Ma Xiangbo, Shen Enfu, Zhang Taiyan, etc., also repeatedly called for the anti-Japanese war.Zhang Taiyan was particularly active. After September 18, he did not criticize the Nanjing government immediately. Because of the national crisis, he still hoped that the government would lead the anti-Japanese war under the agitation of the people. When he wanted to, he publicly condemned the Nanjing government for betraying the country! On January 20, 1932, Zhang Taiyan, Xiong Xiling, Ma Liang and others organized the "National Disaster Relief Association of the Republic of China" in Shanghai, and called the Nanjing authorities: If the authorities are unwilling or unable If you want to fight against Japan, you should step down and let someone else lead the fight against Japan.Of course Zhang Taiyan knew that China would probably be defeated if a war with Japan started, but he believed that a sovereign country cannot stand up and fight to safeguard its sovereignty, and it cannot be regarded as a country at all.Although he was disappointed with Chiang Kai-shek's Nanjing government, he was encouraged by the Northeast Volunteer Army and the 19th Route Army to resist Japan. Regardless of his sickness, he decided to go to the north.What he wanted to see most was Zhang Xueliang. He had an old relationship with Xueliang and wanted to use his personal influence to push Xueliang to resist Japan.According to Tang Guoli's recollection, under the pressure of Taiyan, Xueliang revealed the secret of not resisting under the order of Chiang Kai-shek.So far, he had a deeper understanding that the non-resistance of the Nanjing government made him despise Chiang Kai-shek. Therefore, when he visited Ping-Jin and Tianjin, he severely criticized the government, and at the same time he took advantage of lectures to promote patriotism and encourage the resistance against Japan. In May 1932, Zhang Taiyan went to Suzhou to give lectures. He especially praised "Confucianism" and marked the purpose of "doing oneself is shameful", which obviously had a realistic political purpose.He wants to tell the people and remind the government that it is extremely shameful not to resist foreign aggression.After that, he decided to live in Suzhou to give lectures.This is not to retire, but to inherit Gu Yanwu's tradition of lecturing to save the time.At the end of the same year, the Japanese army bombarded Shanhaiguan and claimed that Rehe was part of Manchuria in order to invade and occupy it.Zhang Taiyan was furious, and in February 1933 he and Ma Liang issued the "Declaration of the Two Elders", pointing out that the so-called Manchuria was already a Chinese county in the Han Dynasty, called Liaodong or Xuantu, and it was established as a state in the Ming Dynasty, and it was China's territory. , and Rehe has never been a part of Manchuria, it is the territory of China.This declaration was sent to the League of Nations in Geneva, and it was also circulated in China for a while, representing the aspirations of patriotic intellectuals at that time. The loss of Chengde increased Zhang Taiyan's anger, and he even more severely accused Chiang Kai-shek of being incompetent, so that he continued to lose his country.He also understood better the intention of the Nanjing government to continue "safety at home" and not "reluctance to fight against the outside world", so he advocated the cessation of the civil war, the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and the united resistance against Japan.Instead of relying on foreign aid, he put the burden of resisting Japan on the shoulders of ordinary people across the country.He made this very clear in the "Declaration of the Three Elders" jointly issued by Ma Liang and Shen Enfu.The Chinese people had no choice but to stand up bravely and resist Japan.Feng Yuxiang was the first official from the Nanjing government to declare his resistance to Japan.In May 1933, he established the "People's Anti-Japanese Allied Army" to defend Chahar to the death and regain the lost ground. Feng's move made Zhang Taiyan clear his suspicions and the two became friends.Judging from the recently discovered "Five Letters from Zhang Taiyan to Feng Yuxiang", Zhang praised Feng's determination to fight against Japan, and expected General Feng to be responsible for leading the fight against Japan.But Chiang Kai-shek didn't want to resist Japan, could Feng Yuxiang resist?His independent action made Chiang Kai-shek very angry, and he solved the "Allied Army" in August. Zhang Taiyan immediately blamed Chiang for obstructing the resistance against Japan.At that time, Chiang Kai-shek was still "suppressing the communists" in Jiangxi. Zhang Taiyan believed that the national crisis was in the face of the crisis, but he still braved the civil war, which endangered the survival of the nation. Such a government had already failed the trust of the people.But from Chiang Kai-shek's point of view, Zhang Taiyan and his group of anti-Japanese advocates not only sabotaged the peace talks with Japan, but also promoted the "bandits" and helped the Communist Party.But Zhang Taiyan did not weaken his voice criticizing the government for not resisting Japan.So Chiang Kai-shek entrusted Zhang Ji to warn Taiyan not to talk about current affairs anymore, asking him to "lecture with peace of mind and not discuss current affairs".Zhang Ji once had a friendship with Zhang Taiyan, and he was ordered to spread rumors, but he was reprimanded by his elder brother, saying that the elder brother asked him not to speak, "is it invalid to slander the king's supervisor?" He told Zhang Ji that his remarks were already kind He said, "Although we know that the authorities have secrets, we still don't want to denounce them with lawsuits." He then asked Zhang Ji: "Who made me a citizen of the small court? Who made the Tongmenghui clear and ridiculed? After Zhang Ji was bored, Chiang Kai-shek sent Ding Weifen to Suzhou to give 10,000 yuan in cash as "medical expenses".After Taiyan announced that this money was for public use, he continued to force Chiang to resist Japan. Chiang Kai-shek gave him money, of course, to gag his mouth, but his mouth could not be gagged. He continued to criticize Chiang’s policy of non-resistance At the same time, he called on the whole country to unite and prepare for the resistance against Japan.After the 129 student movement, Zhang Taiyan fully supported the students, and personally telegraphed Song Zheyuan in Beiping, requesting the immediate release of the students. Song called him back, promising a "peaceful solution."Finally, one month before Zhang Taiyan's death, Chiang Kai-shek wrote a letter to Zhang Taiyan, promising to trust each other and unite together to tide over the difficulties.Ten days before his death, Zhang Taiyan sent a letter back to Chiang Kai-shek, reminding him that mutual trust must be based on patriotism, and pointed out that in order to resist Japan, the Communist Party must be tolerated.Although Zhang did not have time to see the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperate again because of the resistance against Japan, he foresaw this inevitable development trend after all.The full text of the letter follows: It was written by hand in the past, and it is based on the meaning of trust and relief, to persuade the people of the country, to suppress the criticism of words, and it is difficult to convince them to be sincere. Recently, those who speak Hebei, Duyun protects the name of the order, and don't fall into the trap.Gou Qiren cherishes his feathers, and knows that Dongren cannot always be protected, and he will never be lightly attached to him.As for the little snakes, if Jin Zhanggui is in Liangzhou, he must not entertain Liu and Shi, but the territory will never be abandoned, and the name will never be changed, so the self-defense will stick.As soon as you hear the encouragement, there must be those who double their efforts.If you want him to kill the enemy to achieve results and sacrifice for the country, this should be done in the Shufu, and it cannot be done with words.In a short time, the east is in Jin, Gu, etc., and the troops have increased again.Judging from its intention, it is only coercion by force, and it is just an alliance under the city, and it is not enough to use troops.However, under the influence of the situation, there are often those who are out of consideration. Although the Shufu intends to station the bandit suppressing divisions in the south of Shanxi, the Yin is the horn. Once there is an emergency, it does not know the meaning of Hebei. Is it true that it is willing to enter?Contempt to respond to the truth, there is nothing else to worry about, he is in danger, and those who are unwilling to humiliate his subordinates account for more than half, if they help each other with fine equipment, only gratitude can be given to the ears, and there is evidence for prosperity The pervert?This matter will be done immediately, and Shandong will be treated favorably to strengthen its intentions. He knows that the government will not abandon him. Together.This is the only way to preserve North China today.If Hebei is difficult to defend, but the South is against the Yellow River, the river is long and can be crossed everywhere. Fortunately, when the water is flooded and flooded, it can be temporarily safe, and when the water is dry, there is no way to stop the enemy.I contemptuously think that it is not appropriate to talk about the current national economy, but if the territory is not destroyed, it must be taken care of.Beiping is in a hurry, even if we try our best to support it, it will be difficult for the procuratorate and the province to take care of it.When it is extremely difficult, it must be responded to with extraordinary things.Today, the Communist Party in northern Shanxi only intends to occupy Hetao in the north and communicate with Soviet Russia.Although this person is very cunning, he will never bow his head and tame the Japanese army. What a show! If he can do what he wants and drive them out of the fortress, he will be dealt with in the Suiyuan area. If he can be appointed by me, he will go up; I also regard it as the civilian army.In this way, the procuratorate is interposed between Japan and the Communist Party, and it will gradually become a slow guard. Compared with today's left-handed and right-handed ones, their gains and losses will definitely hang in the balance.Gai heard that the lesser of the two evils should be chosen, rather than the two provinces of the Cha and Sui provinces having the same day-to-day existence, it is better to pay for the Communist Party in one province to do less harm.The above is based on the situation, and there may not be a big difference.If the husband is open and honest, to hang the masses, so that the generals look at the shufu, just like the leader of the brothers, the transfer is wonderful, and the temple is at ease.Resignation in a hurry should not be an excuse for digging a well when you are thirsty.June 4th. ("Selected Works of Zhang Taiyan's Political Theory", Volume 2, pages 873-874) After the Northern Expedition, Zhang Taiyan opposed one-party dictatorship, refused to recognize the Nanjing government, and claimed to be a survivor of the Republic of China. He was wanted by the Kuomintang party headquarters and had to disappear.Shortly after the September 18th Incident, he said in a letter to Sun Sifang: "When things started in the East, I didn't say a word. I thought that there was such a commander-in-chief and a deputy commander. If I wanted to serve them, I would not lose them, but I couldn't." It was Chiang Kai-shek, the commander-in-chief of the national army, navy and air force at that time, and Zhang Xueliang was the deputy commander.Later, when he went north to meet Zhang Xueliang in person, he realized that he was ordered not to resist. He despised Chiang's Nanjing government and spared no effort in attacking it.In March 1932, the Nanjing authorities announced the convening of a "National Disaster Conference" in view of the anti-Japanese voice, but the agenda was limited to three items: resisting insults, suppressing bandits, and disaster relief. Basically, they had no intention of changing the established principle of "to fight against the outside world, we must first secure the inside." policy.Zhang Taiyan was also invited to attend, but he categorically refused, claiming: "Military speed is very important. If it can be broken, it can be done with one word. If it keeps going, everyone will discuss it without success. They are called one after another. Will they use it as a joke?" If you want to resist, make a decision immediately To resist, there is no need to hold a national crisis meeting.He suspects that "the parties involved intend to submit, and use the alliance meeting as an organ for distributing slander", so Ya is unwilling to participate, thinking that "the party and the country have made mistakes for all the sages".Zhang Taiyan continued to condemn the Japanese aggression, and even directly pointed out that Chiang Kai-shek "has the courage to fight privately, but is timid to fight public wars" and ignored the loss of the country.But in the name of the people, "those who are responsible for the military this time, no matter in the south or in the north, will be sentenced by military law, and they will almost calm the anger of billions of trillions, and they will be punished later." In this last letter, Zhang Taiyan reiterated The consistent stand after September 18 calls for an end to the civil war and a united resistance to Japan.He bluntly said that the Communist Party and Japan should choose the lesser of two evils, and should unite with the Communist Party to defend against Japan, and should not lose their territory to outsiders.At that time, Chiang Kai-shek was still resolutely carrying out the civil war and carrying out the policy of securing the interior first in order to fight against the outside world. Of course, Zhang Taiyan's suggestion of "cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party" was completely unacceptable.No matter Zhang Taiyan, the master of Chinese studies, or countless young students, they are unarmed, and there is nothing they can do about Chiang Kai-shek.However, in December 1936, the Xi'an Incident broke out, and Zhang and Yang finally used force to force Chiang Kai-shek to embark on the road of anti-Japanese cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. (For Zhang Taiyan, please refer to Wong, Search for Modern Nationalism ch.8)