Chapter 25 Chapter 5 Jinling Nightmare

Part One Inland scholars unanimously emphasized the relationship between Chiang Kai-shek, the Jiangsu-Zhejiang consortium and imperialism.This relationship is not without, but it cannot be emphasized.Where interests meet, there are also benefits and harm.Jiang blackmailed the Bank of China in Shanghai twice, and one leaf knows the autumn, which shows that the relationship with the Jiangsu-Zhejiang Consortium is not so harmonious.Although Chiang communicated with imperialist Japan, he personally led his troops to Jinan and was still humiliated by the Japanese imperialists. Drawing inferences from one instance, we can see that the relationship with imperialism is not so wishful thinking.Chiang Kai-shek did not put all his eggs in the basket of the "Jiangsu-Zhejiang Consortium" and "imperialism". What he could rely on most was the secret service organization that completely served him.

In fact, anyone who wants to become a dictator will attach importance to spies as eyes and ears.This is the case with Chiang Kai-shek's view of spies.He cultivated secret agents all his life, established secret service agencies, and spared no effort.But everything is strictly kept secret and secretive.Dai Li (played by Yu Nong) is the most beloved number one spy in his life.Dai Li was engaged in spy work, from one person to one hundred to three hundred to eight hundred to 80,000 to become a "military commander" with more than 100,000 people. His relationship with Chiang Kai-shek was so close that Chiang Kai-shek punished him to kneel and scold him The extent of degrading (this is the case of Dai Li’s self-speaking in "Mr. Dai’s Last Instructions" secretly published by the Bureau of Secrecy), but in public documents, Chiang Kai-shek’s speeches are concentrated one after another, except for one mention of Dai Li in "Xi’an Banyue Ji" Except for the name, it seems that there is no such person at all.This kind of behavior of strictly keeping secrets and keeping secrets is really intriguing.Because even Dai Li was punished by Chiang Kai-shek to kneel and scold him as a lowly person, one can imagine the status of secret agents in Chiang Kai-shek's mind.We found a secret speech by Chiang Kai-shek on January 1, 1935, which was given to secret agents in Hangzhou, entitled "Basic Self-cultivation of Secret Service Workers".In his speech, Chiang Kai-shek said unceremoniously: "There are two most important things I want to tell you." The two "commands" are:

First, orders must be absolutely obeyed: secret service personnel are the eyes and ears of the leaders, and wherever you go, the eyes and ears of the leaders can reach them.If you do not work with all your heart and soul, the eyes and ears of the leaders will lose their wisdom, and the advancement of the revolutionary cause will be hindered.Therefore, as eyes and ears, you must follow the will of the leader and carry out everything carefully and carefully. Therefore, the most important condition for your work is to absolutely obey the orders of the chief officer. Apart from obeying orders, there is no personal will free. ...Your spy work is the eyes and ears of the leader, in other words, it is the revolutionary tool used by the leader.Those who are tools must absolutely obey the orders of the chief officer, and be ready to sacrifice everything for the leader at any time. If the chief officer wants you to die, you will die, and if you want you to live, you will live. There is no room for you to choose.Second, you are not allowed to make up your own mind: since your secret service personnel are the eyes, ears and tools of the leader, and you only take absolute obedience as your bounden duty, and your life and body have been fully dedicated to the leader, then of course, your personal will, let alone your lack of it. The slightest freedom.Especially with regard to politics, it is impossible to make some opinions on your own in addition to the opinions of the leaders. ...You must take the leader's or group's proposition as your proposition, and take the leader's or group's will as your will, to be a loyal revolutionist. Only in this way can you promote the revolutionary cause and achieve success. (Volume Thirteen, Pages 6-7)

These two very explicit speeches really opened our eyes! Chiang Kai-shek pointed out that the spies are "the eyes, ears and tools of the leader" and nothing more than "the eyes and ears and tools".It is precisely because Chiang Kai-shek’s size is no more than this, so from Dai Li down, he adhered to the creed of “being the eyes and ears of the leader” of the Lixing Society, and was willing to be the “eyes and ears and tools” without hesitation! It is not surprising that his social status is even lower in the eyes of other servants of Chiang Kai-shek, because after all, the secret agent is a running dog among the slaves! 62, 367 to 399) Thus, the situation where the slave bullied the dog happened in an interesting way.In March 1968, the Intelligence Bureau, the successor of the Bureau of Secrets, secretly published "Xingjian Monthly". In the first and twenty-eighth issues, there are several paragraphs describing Dai Li's status in 1928:

Mr. Dai often goes out early in the morning, and sometimes he doesn’t come back until midnight. Xu Liang is in a hurry when he comes back, because Mr. Dai then instructs Xu Liang to write a report immediately after Mr. Dai’s review. After reading, Xu Liang copied the block letters under the lamp, and Mr. Dai went to bed after checking the manuscript, and had to get up before dawn, and hurried out with the report written by Xu Liang. At that time, the official residence of the leader was in the cemetery outside the Zhongshan Gate. Mr. Dai went out in the dark. It was a long journey to the cemetery. If he had money, he would take a taxi for three yuan. , You have to go on foot, regardless of wind, rain, ice and snow.It was not an easy task to deliver the report to the official residence of the leader. The head of the guard at that time was especially displeased with Mr. Dai. He once ordered the guards not to allow Mr. Dai to enter or leave the mansion, but Mr. Dai still entered and exited without delay.Once, Mr. Dai was accompanying a person to Guanqiu to visit the leader. When he came out, he happened to meet the head of the guard at the gate. When I come back again, I will definitely lock you up..." But Mr. Dai left silently without making a sound.

This interesting story vividly shows us that the status of secret agents in Chiang Kai-shek's ruling network is actually very low. (Another interesting story is that Shen Zui said that Dai Li could only stop Chiang Kai-shek's car to deliver the report. Qiao Jiacai's "Arguing for Dai Li Again" said that he did not stop the car but waited for Chiang Kai-shek to get off the car. "At that time, the chief guard of the commander-in-chief was Wang Shihe, the king did not allow him to visit the commander-in-chief, nor did he forward the report to him. As a last resort, he waited for the commander-in-chief to get off the car, and ran to submit the report. "However, even if you don't stop it, it's still very low, right?)

In the 128th issue of "Xingjian Monthly", there is another slogan like this: Adhering to the will of the leader; appreciating the painstaking efforts of the leader. To be the eyes and ears of the leader; to be the brother and sister of the leader. To be "eyes and ears" is true, but to be "siblings" is to raise one's self-esteem. Secret agents are the "eyes and ears" of the master, like tools, they are at the mercy of others, and their nature is also solid.On the contrary, the master must be honorable, even deified.According to the memories of Su Wenqin of Whampoa Phase I, when Chiang Kai-shek was the principal of Whampoa Military Academy, he "liked others to regard him as sacred and flatter him".Moreover, three meals a day are eaten in the same restaurant as the school officials, sitting together.When Jiang arrived, everyone stood up; when Jiang sat down, everyone dared to sit down.When Jiang moves chopsticks, everyone dares to move chopsticks; when Jiang stops chopsticks after eating, everyone will also stop chopsticks.When Jiang left the restaurant, everyone stood up and looked at him to see him off. (See "My Little Memories of Being Around Chiang Kai-shek", page 224)

Su Wenqin also pointed out that the dormitories where Chiang Kai-shek and Chen Jieru lived and their personal offices were also decorated with a sense of mystery, and this situation continued until Shantou in 1925, Nanchang in 1926, and Nanchang in 1926. Seven years later, the power has grown and the mystery has grown.Mystery makes dignitaries unpredictable and awe-inspiring.According to Mi Xi, former captain of the guards of the General Headquarters of the Northern Expedition Army, Chiang had a row of bodyguards when he was in Guangzhou. After the Eastern Expedition, it was expanded into a company of guards. The same is true when a squad leader and a group of guards live in Dongshan." (Mi Xi, "When I was with Chiang Kai-shek", p. 248)

We happened to find a book in Australia published in 1927, "The Romance of a New Great Man: The History of Chiang Kai-shek" written in Zhanghui style. The author signed it by Chen Guoshi, a Cantonese. Cleave a new world", and that little hero is "the protagonist in this book, who defeated General Wu Peifu, the bravest, best at using soldiers, and the most intelligent and top-notch among the soldiers. That’s true for Chiang Kai-shek.” (page 2) It is even said that when Chiang was a child, he said to his father: “The child will be born and grow up in the future, and he must compete with the Han people, defeat the Manyi, and give back our Han nationality. He is a strange man in the world, a great man in the world." (Page 3) He also said that when Jiang first entered the new school, he showed off his skills in the sports meeting and started running a race. Page 8) But he just doesn't play pole vaulting. It turned out that he thought, "The high jump is the high jump. Why do you need to be high because of the pole vault? The pole vaulter is completely leaning on a bamboo", and he disdains to rely on it to show his strength. ambition.The most interesting thing is that the young Chiang Kai-shek is said to be a good football player. There was a "young girl watching at the venue. Seeing the bravery of Jieshi's charge, she was actually one of the few players on both sides. When the young girl saw the handsome boy, she naturally expressed a kind of love. Come". (page 19) also falsely claimed that before Chiang went to Japan to study military affairs, he was introduced to Sun Yat-sen by Jiang Baili (page 26), "When Zhongshan died, there was no leader in the party, and the political situation in Guangzhou was in chaos, Chiang Kai-shek used lightning-fast means to cover his ears , Occupied Guangzhou, acted independently, declared Mr. Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles, and after that, the revolutionary party knew that Chiang Kai-shek was a healthy man in the world, so he came to echo him." (Page 35) Such crude fabrications are nothing more than creating deeds for heroes who have no special deeds.This pamphlet lets us know that Chiang Kai-shek had started building momentum for himself as early as 1926.

When Jiang climbed to the peak of power, the momentum became a god-making.This kind of deification, after Chiang Kai-shek's death, was constantly promoted by university professors, and it can be regarded as the pinnacle.Take two samples: The first sample is "Living in the Glory of Great Men" written by National Taiwan University professor Ye Qingbing, published in "United Daily News" on April 5, 1978, which contains: At midnight on April 5th three years ago, Jiang Gong left us.At that time, the weather in Taipei was originally good, but suddenly there was a thunderstorm, and the momentum was frightening.When I usually read the biographies of ancient people, I often find that when a great man dies suddenly, there will be sudden mutations in the natural world.In the past, I always thought that the purpose of such mythical records was nothing more than to exaggerate the extraordinaryness of great men.Because of the worship of great men, some people weave myths about the death of great men; and because of worship of great men, everyone is willing to believe in such myths.Thus, the myth has also become history.However, since I personally experienced the sudden thunderstorm on the night of Jiang Gong's death, I dare not insist on my previous views.

The second sample is "President Jiang is a God" written by Professor Jiang Yinglong of Normal University, which was published in "Young Lions Monthly" on May 1, 1975. It also contains: Even though it is the age of science, even though it is the age of democracy, I still say with certainty: "President Chiang is a god!" From the above two samples, we can see the consequences of the 50-year God-making Movement, reaching such a feudal and superstitious field.Ren Zhuoxuan actually said, "This is a good phenomenon"! (See Taipei "Liberty Daily" on October 12, 1984) Ren Zhuoxuan, also known as Ye Qing, was a professor at National Chengchi University in Taipei and a professor at the School of Political Warfare. The deputy director and acting minister of the Central Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang, his determination can be regarded as the finishing touch of the Kuomintang's deliberate deification of Chiang Kai-shek.In order to establish a center of power, it was out of control, so much so! It is said that after the end of the Central Plains War, Chiang Kai-shek thought that dictatorship was in sight, and he actively deployed the establishment of personal power.Fascism emerged after the European War.Mussolini in Italy first formed the Black Shirt Party (Fasci di Combuttimento) to promote it. Fascism was also imported into China in 1920. (See Tang Zong's "Eight Years with Chiang Kai-shek", p. 30) Chiang Kai-shek kept talking about the Three People's Principles in order to consolidate his revolutionary legal system, but for the sake of dictatorship, he had to be attracted by fascism.The result is to hang the sheep head of the Three People's Principles and sell the dog meat of fascism.Hu Hanmin, a veteran of the Kuomintang, once accused Chiang Kai-shek of "flaunting the Three People's Principles, but actually implementing dictatorship and absolutism ruled by force." (See Hu Hanmin's "The Fascist Movement of Rulers by Force") At the National Assembly on May 5, 1931, Chiang Kai-shek openly stated that among the three political theories in the world today, communism and democratic-liberal political theories are not desirable, and he called it Fascist political theory, " He believes that the country is the supreme entity, and the country can ask for any sacrifice from its citizens", and affirms that after the Italian Fascist Party came to power, it will clear up social disorder, which makes him yearn for "effective governance." (See Chiang Kai-shek's "Opening Speech of the National Assembly", contained in "Records of the National Assembly") Chiang even declared in 1935 that fascism could save China and was urgently needed by China. (See "Instances of Anti-Manchurian Anti-Japanese Activities Organized by the Blue Shirts Society" contained in "Materials of the Blue Shirts Society Checking South China", page 11) Under Jiang's instruction, the Jiang family members are actively engaged in academic and cultural undertakings, and they also vigorously advocate that fascism can save China. To make China strong, only "fascist methods are used to promote the Three People's Principles", advocating "leader dictatorship" and "establishing the supreme leader". Faith" and so on.Under the guidance of fascism, Chiang Kai-shek successively established the "Central Club" (CC) and the "Fuxing Society" as tools for action, and later developed two huge spy organizations, the "Central Reunification" and "Military Reunification". The "Fuxing Society", also known as the Blue Shirts Society, is equivalent to Mussolini's black shirt and Hitler's brown shirt. It was secretly established in Nanjing in February 1932. Its core members were born in Huangpu and served Chiang Kai-shek. He Zhonghan, Zheng Wenyi, Dai Li, Zheng Jiemin, etc., as well as Liu Jianqun, who claimed to be proficient in theory, were all Chiang's confidantes. They insisted on "absolutely obeying the leader" and believed that "fascist dictatorship is the only savior of China." .The English "Cambridge History of China" also affirmed Chiang Kai-shek's model of German and Italian militarism. (Page 145) He organized and trained young people, sent people to the army to monitor officers, engaged in party and group activities, used decisive means to sweep up the "reactionaries" in the party, confiscated the property of the reactionaries, and collected six tenths of the party dues as an activity fund. As the leader, Chiang Kai-shek must "adhering to the will of the leader and appreciating the painstaking efforts of the leader" and is willing to be Chiang's eyes and ears.Since the founding of the Fuxing Society, it has developed rapidly, and its key members were sent to Germany in batches to receive training from the "Gestapo".Within five years, the organization grew from more than 40 people to nearly 100,000 people, and thus formed factions, such as Dai Li's spy department, Chen Cheng's military department, Kang Ze's non-moving department, and He Zhonghan's political department. The training department, through the party and government channels, controls all aspects of the government and society, and engages in persecution, stalking, intimidation, kidnapping, imprisonment, and even assassination.For example, in the 1930s, the sensational murder case of Yang Xingfo and Shi Liangcai was kept secret for a while, but as time passed, spies wrote memoirs and confessed one by one.Juntong's Shenzui even made it clear that the killing of Yang Xingfo of the Academia Sinica, in order to warn Soong Ching Ling, and Shi Liangcai, the chief writer of "Shenbao", because of suspicion of having a relationship with the Communist Party, all came from Chiang Kai-shek's will, and the spies were just tools for execution. (Refer to the first volume of Intoxicated "The Inside Story of the Military Regime", pages 193-202) In addition, decrees can be passed to arrest dissidents and suppress speech.In the end, the central power was completely concentrated in Chiang Kai-shek alone. In 1933, in order to suppress the Communist Party in Jiangxi, the "Fuxingshe" presided over the "Lushan Officer Training Class", where Chiang Kai-shek personally sat in and taught Hitler what he did.More than 100 members of the German military advisory group were stationed in Lushan Mountain to teach them clever tricks.Many important institutions in Chiang Kai-shek's Military Council also had Germans and Italian high-ranking officers participate.Italian senior consultant Stefani suggested that China should, under the leadership of the country's only supreme leader, Generalissimo Jiang, "unify through obedience", "seek construction through unification", and "strive for peace by force".This kind of fascist speech supported Chiang Kai-shek and beat the side drums, which made Chiang very useful.After Shi returned to Italy, Jiang still asked the Chinese ambassador to Italy to transfer the "800 yuan monthly salary of the highest civil servant of the national government". The fascist spy organization not only helped Chiang Kai-shek consolidate power, but also provided a lot of convenience, including playing the role of a spy and peeking at the enemy's cards during military operations.The so-called peeking at the hole cards is to steal the opponent's password.Huang Shaohong, one of the three giants of the Guangxi Clique, revealed in the book "Fifty Memories" that during the civil war between 1929 and 1930, the codes of the Guangxi Clan were all deduced by Chiang Kai-shek.Precisely because of his success in stealing the opponent's code, Jiang was given the image of "predicting the enemy like a god" and "the sky is wise". According to the "Biography of Mr. Dai Yunong" secretly published by the Intelligence Bureau: "In March of the 22nd year of the Republic of China, General Hu Zongnan introduced Wei Daming, who was good at radio communications, to Mr. Dai. The establishment of internal and external communication networks should seek rapid development.” In fact, before Wei Daming, Chiang Kai-shek was enjoying the benefits in this regard.According to Wei Daming's "Comment on Mr. Dai Yunong's Merit" ("Biographical Literature" Volume 38, Issue 3): In the 18th year of the Republic of China, Dr. Wen Yuqing, director of the International Telecommunications Bureau of the Ministry of Communications, and with the financial support of Song Ziwen, the Minister of Finance, broke the secret code of XHFA, the Shanghai secret radio station of the Guangxi family. The information was used by Commander Jiang, and continued to expand to Feng Yuxiang, Tang Shengzhi, Shi Yousan Waiting for intelligence to win the Central Plains War, Shi Yousan, Tang Shengzhi and other rebellious campaigns, rescued Commander Chiang from danger several times, and made great contributions.This kind of secret telegram information was handled by General Lin Weiwen at that time, and it was forwarded and processed. It was destroyed after use, no files were kept, and there were no traces. Later, the attendant room followed this regulation, so very few people knew it and few people knew it. People only knew it. Generalissimo Chiang's ingenious calculations, but he did not know that he had other secret messages. (Page 49) Cai Mengjian also mentioned in "Eighty Tales" that during the Central Plains War, he used time-shifting means to steal the newly issued secret telegram from Lu Zhonglin's headquarters, and sent it to the confidential office of the headquarters in the name of Chen Lifu. He was summoned and "deeply commended".The merit of the spies is great! How could Chiang Kai-shek not pay attention to the spies? When Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Jiangxi in the Northern Expedition, he already had a large number of attendants, secretaries, adjutants and guards by his side.He used to employ only relatives, but these people became even closer. For example, Mao Qingxiang, the first servant secretary, was the son of Xikou's family friend Mao Yingfu; the other servant secretary, Wang Rizhang, was Chiang Kai-shek's cousin. Another attendant secretary, Yu Guohua, is the son of Chiang Kai-shek's young classmate Mo Ni.Yu Guohua's assistant, Zhou Hongtao, is the grandson of Chiang Kai-shek's close friend.Jiang Fucheng, who supervised printing for Chiang Kai-shek, was introduced by Ying Mengqing, a fellow countryman of Chiang Kai-shek and an old friend of the Exchange, and Shen Shaozhu, another supervisor of printing, was also from Fenghua.Relatives, close friends, people from Zhejiang, Whampoa, and later the Central Political School, became the criteria for choosing the cronies around Chiang Kai-shek, and it was also a cornerstone of his power center. In 1932, after Chiang Kai-shek became the chairman of the Military Commission, he decided on the policy of ensuring domestic security before fighting against the outside world. He set up the Nanchang Camp to command the suppression of the Communist Party and take care of the party, government and military affairs. He expanded the number of attendant secretaries, adjutants, and bodyguards. , Organize the attendant room, just like the military aircraft office of Emperor Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty.In January 1936, it was formally reorganized into the "Chairman's Attendant's Office of the Military Commission of the National Government", which consisted of two divisions.Chen Bulei is the director of the Second Office of Attendants, in charge of politics and party affairs, and governs two groups of political party affairs and attendant secretaries.The name of attendant secretary is sometimes awarded to party and government personnel above the junior level for consultation or external transfer, just like the Imperial Academy of the old dynasty.As for the guards, it is no longer a row or a company, but a brigade, with plainclothes guards at the same time, dispatched by the chief guard.The power of the attendant room naturally overrides all government departments. The Kuomintang Plenary Session, the Central Executive Committee, and the Central Committee have also become rubber stamps for the dictator, and their prominence seems to surpass that of the Qing Dynasty.Chiang Kai-shek in 1930 obviously had the posture of an emperor, but the territory covered by his imperial orders still could not cover the whole of China.