Chapter 14 In the second quarter, he was not the principal of Whampoa

The principal of the Whampoa Military Academy is not a particularly prominent position, but for Chiang Kai-shek, it was a major turning point in his life.Using the principal of Huangpu as a springboard, he jumped to the peak of power and finally became the king of a country.This rapid success was not as logical as most people imagined, but it was obtained by the people involved in deliberate deliberation and playing a lot of tricks. Commonly known as "Whampoa Military Academy", it is obviously named after the place.At the 58th meeting held on November 6, 1924, Lin Zuhan, a non-voting committee member, reported the "Army Kungfu School Case", and resolved to "appoint Jiang Zhongzheng as the school's principal and Liao Zhongkai as the school's party representative." (Original copy of Li Aozang's meeting minutes), it can be seen that the name at that time was "Army Lecture Martial Arts School".By the time of the 63rd meeting in 1925, it had been called the "Army Military Academy" (the original copy of the meeting minutes of Li Aozang).Regardless of the name, the origin of this military academy is that after Sun Yat-sen gave way to Yuan Shikai in the Yuan Dynasty, the legal system of the Republic of China had also been handed over to the Beiyang government. Heshan and Heshan, however, have failed repeatedly. Neither the generalissimo nor the very president can sit securely. The local force in Guangdong is neither reliable, nor can anyone seek support from Western countries.In the end, Lenin, the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, just wanted to use China to fight against imperialism, and Sun Yat-sen was in need of foreign aid, so they hit it off.Therefore, with the support of the Soviet Union's "people", "money", and "guns", Sun Yat-sen "took Russia as his teacher" and established the Whampoa Military Academy.Therefore, we can say that this military academy is a crystallization of "love" born after the "Chinese Kuomintang" established in the 13th year of the Republic of China and the Soviet Union formed a relationship! For example, Dai Chuanxian is the director of the political department, Zhou Enlai is the deputy director of the political department; Wang Boling is the director of the professor department, Ye Jianying is the deputy director of the professor department, etc.

The Whampoa Military Academy is a product of the Soviet Union's "people", "money" and "guns". According to investigations, in terms of "people", there were initially four military instructors, and later it increased to thirty.During the first "Eastern Expedition", 20 Russian officers led by the Soviet Union's General Blucher, Galen (General Blucher, Galen) participated in the army. During the second "Eastern Expedition", there were more Russian military officers participated; in terms of "money", the Soviet Union provided 2.7 million yuan (3 million rubles) in aid and 10 million yuan in aid for the establishment of the Central Bank; in terms of "guns", in October 1924 The weapons that arrived in Huangpu for the first time on the 7th included cannons, machine guns and more than 8,000 (or 12,000) rifles.In December of the same year, another nine planes, five million cartridges of rifle ammunition, twelve machine guns, fifty-eight cannons, machine gun ammunition and shells were brought in.

Recall that when the Whampoa School was founded, there were only 30 Mauser guns made in Guangdong, and it was only thanks to the Soviet Union that it had the revolutionary "guy" and "capital".Wang Boling said in "Memories of the Founding of the Whampoa Military Academy": In the afternoon of one day, the prime minister sent a telegram, saying that the Soviet Russia's replenishment of our firearms ship was coming soon, and told us to prepare to receive it.Ha ha!It was a great joy, and the whole school, from the officers to the students, was all elated, especially the general students who wanted to make a revolution, they were overjoyed and clapped their hands, saying that there would be revolutionaries in the future and they would not worry about it.Looking forward to the arrival of the distant voyage, the sun is like a year old.However, it soon became known that he could arrive tomorrow afternoon.So everyone got busy, tidying up the storage places, keeping the check-in personnel, entertaining the officers and soldiers of the Russian warships, ropes, and poles. They were really busy.The setting sun will be westward, the watch on the fort, the report is coming soon.Most of the people and I ran to the pier outside the school gate to meet them.From a distance, a white three-chimney warship appeared, with flag decorations hanging all over the ship, and a red flag hanging on the stern, with white corners, which were axes and sickles.Hey! This is the flag of the Soviet Union.The salute of the fort was fired, and the salutes of the warships answered one after another, and gradually approached the middle of the school river amidst the unanimous sound of the salutes.dropped anchor.When it was about to stop at this time, a small motorboat with a blue sky, white sun and red national flag stuck on its tail leaped out, splashing waves.Porphyrin! Porphyrin! Fly to the big ship.But it turned out that the principal, school party representatives and consultants went to visit first.This rare guest who arrived on a long-distance secret flight has his own greetings and words of thanks.I haven't been there, so I have no way of knowing, but it probably looks good. After a few resignations, he went ashore with the owner and two or three officers (Navy) to say goodbye.After some back and forth, the owner of the ship ordered to berth at Huangpu Wharf, and our big wharf suddenly became alive. ... If it is overnight.At dawn, all mobilized, the students worked as dock workers, and the team leader became the foreman. ... If it is carried out until four or five o'clock in the afternoon, it will be clear.It seems that Yang Zhichun was the custodian of ordnance at that time. I checked the boxes and asked them to register.There are eight thousand long guns and ten small pistols. These small pistols are so small that they can be put in the small pockets on the top of foreign clothes.At that time, one was missing, and it was not chased out.It is management negligence and has nothing to do with students.8,000 Russian-style rifles with bayonets, each with 500 rounds of ammunition, is a large number, and everyone is very happy.Said: "We don't have to worry about it in the future, the revolution has capital."... We cannot but thank our revolutionary friend, the Soviet Union.Only friends of the revolution can provide such help. However, the imperialists at this time cannot let him know, otherwise they will block the road and rob.

This memory is a close-up of "the sky does not help, the Soviet Union helps". Chiang Kai-shek's appointment as the principal of Whampoa was by no means a must for a Sri Lankan.Liu Zhi's "My Memories" pointed out: At first, Mr. Sun Yat-sen wanted Xu Chongzhi, the commander-in-chief of the Cantonese Army, to also be the principal of the military academy, to be in charge of the preparations, but Xu Chongzhi was not able to do what he wanted, and everything was entrusted to the colonel and staff officer Chen Hanyu. Chen was our classmate in Baoding at the same time. To the dissatisfaction of all parties.Chiang Kai-shek was originally the chief of staff of the General Command of the Guangdong Army. He was transferred to the base camp to act as Li Liejun's chief of staff. (page 20)

It can be seen that the candidate for the first principal of the Whampoa Military Academy, Sun Yat-sen was originally scheduled to be Xu Chongzhi, and Chiang Kai-shek's appointment to the post was related to his being sent to the Soviet Union for inspection.It was Marin, the representative of the Third International, who first proposed sending a delegation to the Soviet Union for investigation and consultation on the issue of Soviet aid to the Chinese revolution in 1919. Sun Yat-sen accepted this suggestion and promised to send the best delegation there.The best candidate is none other than Liao Zhongkai.Liao was not only a popular person around Sun Yat-sen, but also a Kuomintang member who most supported the policy of uniting Russia and the Communist Party. However, because he was too popular and too busy, he could not lead the delegation.Next is Zhu Zhixin, the most superb revolutionary theorist around Sun Yat-sen, but also the most down-to-earth activist. He far surpassed Chiang Kai-shek in terms of knowledge and experience, and Chiang himself admitted it.However, Zhu was killed on September 21, 1920, while mediating a dispute between the Humen People's Army and the surrendered army.Thus, Chiang Kai-shek became Liao Hua in Sun Yat-sen's choice.Even so, Chiang exerted pressure to retreat and self-recommend.

On March 1, 1923, after Sun Yat-sen arrived in Guangdong from Shanghai, he established the Grand Marshal's Mansion in Guangzhou. This was Sun's third achievement in opening the mansion in Guangdong, and appointed Chiang Kai-shek as the chief of staff of the Grand Marshal's Mansion, that is, the guard He ordered him to come and take office quickly, but Jiang arrived late as usual and arrived in Guangzhou on April 20. Because of dissatisfaction, he "resigned in anger" on July 12 and went to Hong Kong.However, when he heard that Sun would send a delegation to the Soviet Union, he wrote from Hong Kong to Generalissimo Yang Shukan on July 13, hoping to make his own request to Sun:

For the current plan, if you allow me to go to Europe, I think that there is nothing I can do... If you don't allow me to go to Russia, then I can only be passive and self-sufficient in order to be self-sufficient. (Chiang Kai-shek's letter to Yang Shukan on July 13, 1923, see "President Jiang Gong's Thoughts and Speeches", Volume 36, p. 92) Whether it was to appease Chiang's emotions (this emotion more or less contains Ruiyuan's rascal character), or because there was no one to send for a while, Sun Yat-sen finally decided to send Chiang Kai-shek, Wang Dengyun, Shen Dingyi, and Communist Zhang Tailei to form the "Sun Yat-sen Delegation" , went to apply for employment, and departed from Shanghai for Russia on August 16, 1923, and arrived in Moscow on September 2.

Chiang Kai-shek and his party visited military schools and weapons and equipment in Russia, and also called on Leon Trotsky, the father of the Red Army, Chicherin, the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, and Gn. Voitinsky, Secretary of the Far East Bureau of the Communist International. ) et al.The most important task was to meet with Vice Chairman of the Soviet Revolutionary Military Council E.M. Sklyansky and Chief of Staff LB Kamenev on September 9.Wu Wenjin, director of the Harvard-Yenching Library in the United States, learned from Russian materials that Jiang had sought a new strategic agreement from the Soviet side to overthrow the Beiyang government on behalf of Sun Yat-sen.That is to break through the geographical isolation of the Guangdong revolutionary base and transfer the base to the northwest for Soviet military support. (See Wu Wenzai "Mr. Jiang Zhongzheng and Modern China Academic Discussion Collection" Volume II, pages 38 to 53) In fact, the English letter from Sun to Leo Karakhan has been disclosed, saying: "General Jiang will Submit your government and military experts a plan for military operations in Beijing and beyond.” (Quoted from Whiting, Soviet Policies in China, P. 243) Of course, this unrealistic request will not be met by Soviet Russia support.

On November 29 of the same year, he followed the original route and returned to China.Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Shanghai on December 15th and sent Sun Yat-sen a "Report on Traveling to Russia", but he did not return to Guangdong.Sun Yat-sen sent a telegram to Jiang Youwei on December 30, saying, "Brother, the responsibility of this trip is extremely heavy. Please come to Guangdong as soon as possible to report everything, and make detailed plans for Sino-Russian cooperation!" Liao Zhongkai, Wang Jingwei, Hu Hanmin, etc. also sent six consecutive telegrams. , urged Jiang to return to the south, but Jiang still lived in his hometown of Xikou for more than two weeks. It was not until January 16, 1924 that he returned to Guangzhou to report his order and was appointed as the chairman of the preparatory committee for the Military Academy.

However, the strange thing is that within a month, Chiang Kai-shek left without saying goodbye, leaving a letter to resign.When we read the letters that Chiang wrote to Sun Yat-sen and Liao Zhongkai after he left, we are no longer surprised. It turned out that they were unsatisfactory and retreated to advance, but this time they were more sentimental, even with reproaches and threats.In his letter to Sun Chang on March 2, 1924, he repeatedly mentioned that Chen Jiongming and Sun "shared life and death, shared adversity" and "we will follow in all difficulties and share all adversity" when Chen Jiongming rebelled. His loyalty was not rewarded enough.He also used the deep friendship with Chen Qimei back then to imply that Sun did not believe in him and loved him! He actually said: "Mr. is in Zhongzheng today, is the result convinced? Or not? Zhongzheng really does not Dare to speculate!" Looking further down, I know the so-called "belief is not professional, love is not strict", because Sun Yat-sen still regards him as the head of the bodyguard, and did not let him "do other duties", that is, he did not let him take care of military affairs. (See Mao Sicheng's "Mr. Chiang Kai-shek Fifteen Years Before the Republic of China" Volume 6, Pages 8-20 in Jiang Zhisun's letter), political ambitions are ready to come out.Let's look at the First National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang held in January 1924, and he did not play a role.At that meeting, Sun Yat-sen continued to serve as the party's premier, and there were twenty-four members of the Central Executive Committee, Hu Hanmin, Wang Jingwei, Zhang Renjie, Liao Zhongkai, Li Liejun, Ju Zheng, Dai Jitao, Lin Sen, Bai Wenwei, Ding Weifen, Shi Ying, Zou Lu, Tan Yankai, Qin Zhen, Tan Pingshan, Shi Qingyang, Xiong Kewu, Li Dazhao, Enkebatu, Wang Faqin, Yu Youren, Yang Ximin, Ye Chulan, Yu Shude, no Chiang Kai-shek.Among the seventeen alternate members of the Central Committee, there are Lin Boqu, Shen Dingyi, Mao Zedong, Zhang Guotao, Qu Qiubai, etc., and there is no Chiang Kai-shek's name.Chiang Kai-shek was not a representative of Zhejiang Province either. The six Zhejiang representatives were Shen Dingyi, Dai Chuanxian, Hang Xinqi, Dai Ren, Hu Gongmian, and Xuan Zhonghua. The first three were appointed by Sun Yat-sen, and the last three were elected by the party members of the province.Chiang was only a member of the Military Council.Among the 165 representatives who arrived in Guangdong, one can imagine how lonely and unhappy they are.There is a reason for dissatisfaction with Sun Yat-sen.

Chiang Kai-shek's letter to Liao Zhongkai on March 14 was even more explicit.He was obviously dissatisfied with Liao Ren as the party representative of the military academy, and accused Liao of interfering and usurping his power, and further criticized Liao for "deliberately obeying" Sun Yat-sen's policy of uniting Russia and accepting the Communist Party. If he said: There is one more thing to say, those who want to tell my brother directly, that is, the problem with the Russian party.On this issue, there should be a difference between facts and doctrines, and we cannot ignore facts because of the credibility of doctrines.From my brother's observation, the Russian Party has no sincerity at all, that is, my brother is only three-point trustworthy to what my brother says about the Russians, and I also use my brother to trust the Russians, but I can't completely sweep away my brother's interest.As far as Mr. Sun's personal admiration is concerned, it is not the Russian Communist Party, but the international Communist Party members.As far as our party members are in Russia, they can only slander and doubt Mr. Sun.The only policy of the Russian party towards China is to make the Chinese Communist Party its orthodoxy, and it is absolutely impossible to believe that our party can always cooperate with it and succeed with each other. (Mao Sicheng's pre-quoted book, volume six, page 28) When Jiang wrote "Soviet Russia in China" in his later years, he also mentioned this letter to Liao, saying that "my opinion was stated frankly, and this letter was also copied to all standing committee members to supplement the report of my trip to Russia." Opinion".Based on this, it can be seen that the "Report on Traveling to Russia" may be a relatively positive opinion, so he wants to add a more negative opinion, that is, he does not agree with the opinion of the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of China. He wrote "Soviet Russia in China" during the Cold War, and it is even more important to show that Its anti-communist and anti-Russian "foresight".But this kind of prophet is similar to the "rebellion" of the prophet Chen Jiongming, all because he is unwilling to make wedding clothes for others.At this time, he seems to have seen that the CCP with the support of Russia will be a serious threat to his future power.In his view, joining forces with the Russian Communist Party is like making wedding clothes for the Chinese Communist Party! According to our analysis, Chiang Kai-shek's "ideology" cannot be taken too seriously, because he himself does not have consistent doctrine beliefs.He is not only a believer in Sun Wen and Jesus, but he can also prove that he is not.His anti-communist and anti-Russian remarks filled the "President Chiang Kai-shek's Thoughts and Speeches Collection" published by the Party History Committee, but the "Preface to the Third Classmates of the Army Official Academy" included in the forty volumes of Chiang Kai-shek's final book, Compared with the original published by Qiao Jiacai at that time, the text was deleted, and the key points of Chiang Kai-shek’s pro-communist remarks at that time can be summarized as follows: 1. The Communist Party is the "lifeline" and "bloodline" of the Prime Minister "passed down from generation to generation" within the "KMT". 2. I, Chiang Kai-shek, are willing to die for the "National Revolution", "Three People's Principles" and "Communism". 3. The "direct" implementation of the Three People's Principles is the "indirect" implementation of "international communism". 4. "The success of the Three Principles of the People and the development of communism are based on reality and do not contradict each other." 5. The Chinese revolution is "a part of the world revolution", and the world revolution cannot be without communism. 6. "Practice the Three Principles of the People, and communism is one of them." 7. There is no need for disputes between the Three People's Principles and Communism. Eight, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cannot be separated, but should be combined. 9. "There is no one who is sincere to communism but not sincere to the Three People's Principles." 10. Belief in the Three People's Principles "should be sincere to each other" towards communism. 11. To the "comrades of communism", "confident" that I, Chiang Kai-shek, "is one of the most honest comrades". (See Li Ao's "Four Collections of Research on Chiang Kai-shek" and "Chiang Kai-shek is the Communist Party"), pp. 97-112) Anyone in Taiwan under the rule of Chiang and his sons, if they touch any of these eleven points, will be regarded as a Communist Party and will be killed or put in prison! We don't think Chiang Kai-shek takes any "belief" seriously, because he is a very thorough realist, a realist who only believes in tactics.That is to say, based on the letter to Liao on March 14, it is more "ideal" not to agree with the alliance with Russia and the Communist Party. I have hated Chen Jiongming for several years.This point can also be seen in his letter to Sun Yat-sen on March 2.In that letter, he especially admired Hu Hanmin, believed that Hu was "academically courageous and both excellent and moral", asked Sun "why not let (Hu) follow the left and right", and suggested appointing Hu as the governor of Guangdong and Xu Chongzhi as the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army. Commander, he himself can be Xu's chief of staff.Chiang Kai-shek's intention to "unite" Hu Hanmin and Xu Chongzhi to "overthrow" Liao Zhongkai is ready to come out. Chiang Kai-shek originally thought that his sudden departure would make it impossible for the military academy to run, so he always hinted at going to Liao as a threat.According to Lu Peiyong's research, Jiang wanted to replace Liao Zhongkai with Yang Shukan or Zhang Jingjiang. (See Loh, The Early Chiang Kai-shek, P.89) However, Liao’s background is too strong. Liao most actively supports Sun Zhilian’s policy of embracing Russia and the Communist Party. Therefore, he is the most dependent and trusted by Sun. He was elected as the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang One of the three members of the Standing Committee, who also serves as the secretary-general of the base camp, assists Sun in handling government affairs at any time, and is actually the core figure around Sun.After Jiang left, Sun ordered Liao to take over for Jiang and continue to prepare for the military academy.When Sun and Liao wrote back to Chiang, after a little reassurance, Jiang still had no reply. Liao Nai sent a "Sorrowful Meedun Letter": "Referral to Brother Shi, do you return? Please reply immediately, so that you can be self-determined!" So far, Jiang Knowing that Liao can't be defeated, the military academy will not be closed because of his resignation.In fact, hundreds of military school students gathered in Whampoa, so it was imperative.Then he replied on the same day: "Respectfully, my brother will come to Guangdong, so don't read it." However, although the purpose of this game of power and tactics has not been fully achieved, Liao Zhongkai's status will not be shaken because of this, but Jiang has gained a lot.After bargaining, he finally got Sun and Liao's promise to give him more power in terms of personnel and finance in running the military academy.Perhaps more importantly, although Liao Liao did not achieve success for a while, Lianhu achieved immediate results after all.Hu Hanmin sent a telegram to Jiang on March 19, 1924: (Sun) did not hesitate to exempt Yang Xiyan from the supervision of the ban on smoking, and did not hesitate to recruit his brother again, which means respecting his brother. (Mao Sicheng's pre-quoted book, volume six, page 34) Hu Hanmin left Guangdong due to disagreements in his political views. He obviously attributed Sun Yat-sen's credit for recalling him back to Guangdong to assist him to Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek finally returned to Guangzhou on April 21, 1924, and went to work at the Whampoa Military Academy on the 26th. On May 3, he was officially appointed by Sun Yat-sen as the principal of the military academy and chief of staff of the Guangdong Army.Liao Zhongkai also officially became the representative of the Chinese Kuomintang Party at the Whampoa Army Academy on May 9.Jiang still failed to avoid Liao's "shadow".In fact, Liao was only a pro-communist Kuomintang, and the Communist Party played an important role in the Whampoa Military Academy. Zhou Enlai was originally the deputy director of the Political Department of the military academy, but in March 1925 he was promoted to the director of the Political Department and the director of the Military Law Department. The Communist Party of political instructors also includes Yun Daiying, Xiao Chunu, Bao Huiseng, Gao Yuhan, etc., and there are dozens of Soviet instructors, and the whole system is basically Soviet-style. It can undoubtedly be called "Red Huangpu". Chiang Kai-shek He also won the prestigious title of "The Red General".At that time, he had no objection to communism, and even strongly agreed with it. He even said publicly: "If we want the party to succeed and the doctrine to be realized, we must follow the method of the Russian Communist Party." (See the second volume of "Whampoa Series", p. 60 3) What he is concerned about is power. The development of the power of the Communist Party is a "hidden worry" for him in the future. As for the actual ranking of the current military academy, since Sun Yat-sen is also the prime minister of the military academy, he ranks third under Premier Sun and Representative Liao. .It was not until Sun and Liao passed away that Chiang Kai-shek really took the top spot in the Whampoa Military Academy. Song Ping wrote "The Life of Chiang Kai-shek", describing that Sun Yat-sen presided over the opening ceremony of the military academy in person, "more than five hundred students all wore Soviet-style yellow military uniforms, neat and serious, full of energy, and full of military appearance. This is a new type of military uniform that has never been seen in Chinese history. Army" is incorrect.The first new (Western-style) army in Chinese history was Yuan Shikai's "New Army".However, Whampoa can be said to be the first Soviet-style party army. However, due to the urgent need for military cadres, only seven-month "instant noodle"-style military education was established. , History of Revolution, History of Imperialist Aggression and other political courses.Among the members of the KMT and the Communist Party, those with a little ink in their stomachs, such as Liao Zhongkai, Hu Hanmin, Wang Jingwei, Shao Yuanchong, Zhou Enlai, Yun Daiying, Xiao Chunv, Zhang Tailei, etc., all gave lectures at the military academy, and Sun Yat-sen himself gave lectures.Although we can't find any records of President Jiang's lectures, his lectures are almost every day, which is actually the beginning of the lectures in the future.The main points of his precepts are nothing more than "strictly observe military discipline", "absolutely obey him", "do not seek promotion" (no ambition), and success or success (die for him) and so on.Since then, he has ruled the army never out of this category.The Party representative of the Second Battalion of the Second Regiment of the Military Academy recalled: At the beginning of the Whampoa Military Academy in 1924, Chiang Kai-shek often personally inspected the training and living conditions of the instructors and students.Some people think that the principal (Jiang) is not in school and sleeps in. He often gathers and reprimands him.He did not smoke or drink at that time, and it is said that he was completely different from him when he was in Japan and Shanghai. When he was in school, he had to go to the cafeteria to eat with the teaching staff. The staff had to wait for him to move the chopsticks before moving the chopsticks, which seemed serious and diligent.At that time, he also expressed opposition to the Xishan Conference faction in the Kuomintang, often saying that they were anti-communist, and we should oppose anti-communism.Every time a school meeting is held, most of the lectures are given by him alone. He seldom hears different opinions, and the atmosphere of democracy cannot be smelled.In terms of attitude towards people, even though some people live a corrupt life, and even obey the law, but on the surface, those who listen to and accept reprimands can gain his trust instead.However, he respects and does not get close to, or even keeps a respectful distance from, those who feel that they love themselves and have integrity.His attitude towards comrades in the Communist Party is certainly the same, that is to say, Deng Yanda, serious and so on. (Ji Fang's "The Chiang Kai-shek I Have Contacted", contained in Li Ao's "Liquidation of Chiang Kai-shek", pages 19-20) It mentioned that Chiang Kai-shek likes to check his duties, and later intensified.When the authors of this book, Li Ao and Wang Rongzu, served as reserve officers in Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek had to personally check the kitchen and toilets. For him to check, the toilets were not allowed to be used after they were cleaned, and everyone had to shit. The limits of my military education.Because he did not enter the army as a non-commissioned officer, he did not receive a complete officer education. His military training was limited to washing horses, and he could only make a fuss about "living conditions". According to the memories of Xu Xiangqian in the first phase of Whampoa, President Jiang has other "ghost tricks": Chiang Kai-shek has many ghosts.After the Whampoa Military Academy started classes, he came to the school every week to find ten students to meet and have a few words. Almost all the students met and talked with Chiang Kai-shek alone.Most of the students are young people who have just entered the society, and of course it is impossible to understand Chiang Kai-shek's methods of winning people's hearts.Many people felt happy and novel that Chiang Kai-shek went to talk to him personally, even if he asked a few general questions.Some knowledgeable classmates said that Chiang Kai-shek was a bit pretentious, but most people were satisfied with him.Through such individual meetings and conversations, Chiang Kai-shek met many students and attracted many people.Later, many generals in Chiang Kai-shek's direct army were born in Huangpu. (Xu Xiangqian's "Review of the Whampoa Military Academy", contained in "Chiang Kai-shek and the Three Heroes of Whampoa", page 6) This kind of "ghost hall" has been tried and tested throughout Chiang Kai-shek's life, and it is the only way to win people's hearts and establish his own small circle.