Chapter 158 mentor

Liang Qichao won the examination at the age of 17. He was appreciated by the main examiner and betrothed his sister to Liang, which can be described as a youthful success.At this time, Liang Qichao had done some research on the study of exegetical poems and chapters, and he was complacent. When he was 18 years old, he met Kang Youwei and talked with Kang for 8 hours. He felt like "cold water poured on the back, a blow to the head. Once all the foundations are lost, he is at a loss and doesn't know what to do. He is surprised and happy, complains and embarrassing, and doubts." And fear", and even can't sleep at night.So he abandoned what he had learned, worshiped under Kang's school, and became Kang's great disciple.

Kang Youwei set up Wanmu Thatched Cottage in Changxing, where he gathered disciples to give lectures.Liang Qichao also studied in the school. He said that he "has gained all his knowledge in this year." Liang Qichao's apprenticeship with Kang Youwei was not only the beginning of his political career, but also the starting point for him to enter the hall of learning.He said: "Qi Chao's learning, there is no word that does not come from the South China Sea." Zhou Chuanru, a disciple of Liang Qichao, believed that Liang did not follow Kang in terms of learning. He said in the article "Recalling Mr. Liang Qichao": "Liang emphasized Mohism and did not teach the Six Classics, which shows that Liang and Kang Youwei are teachers and students in name, but academically there is no Following the Kang family. Kang Youwei talked about Jinwen Confucian classics, emphasizing "Gongyang Zhuan"; It can be seen that there is a difference in thought between Liang Rengong and Kang Youwei.”

After Liang Qichao studied under Kang Youwei, he became Kang Youwei's right-hand man in the reformation. Liang used his own pen to write articles to support Kang's ideas.Beginning on June 11, 1898, with the support of reformers such as Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, Emperor Guangxu promulgated a series of reform policies, known in history as the Reform Movement, also known as the Reform Movement of 1898.However, due to the opposition of the Empress Dowager Cixi and others, the reform movement failed on September 21, which lasted only 103 days. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao fled to Japan successively.In Japan, Kang Youwei held the "edict" that he claimed to be Emperor Guangxu's sewn into his clothes, and continued to promote his idea of ​​protecting the emperor and the religion.However, after Liang Qichao reflected on the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, along with contact with revolutionaries and extensive reading of Western bourgeois works, his political views changed significantly, from the original conservative to radical, and the former "if out of two."

Liang Qichao and Nai Shi Kang Youwei had more and more quarrels, and Liang was quite disapproving of Kang's thought of protecting the emperor and protecting religion: "There are many people who are not suitable for the new world of Confucianism, and it is more advocating to protect it, which is going from south to north." After interacting with Sun Yat-sen and others, Liang Qichao was influenced by them and once leaned towards revolution. At the turn of summer and autumn in 1899, he drafted "Mr. Shang Nanhai's Book", and joined Han Wenju, Ou Jujia, Tang Caichang and other celebrities to persuade Kang Youwei to retire. Can’t save the crisis. My teacher’s age is already high, so I can rest in the shadows of Linquan and entertain myself in the evening. Qi Chao and others should carry on the past and open up the future to repay the teacher.” After the book was submitted to Kang, disciples of Kangmen from all over the world were in an uproar, calling the thirteen people who wrote the letter as traitors , Call it the Thirteenth Taibao.Kang Youwei was furious after reading the book, criticized Liang severely, and ordered Liang Qichao to go to America to handle the affairs of protecting the emperor. Although Liang was reluctant, he always regarded Kang as the emperor and dared not violate it.

When Liang Qichao and Sun Yat-sen were preparing to form a joint party, they planned to elect Sun Yat-sen as the chairman and Liang Qichao as the vice-chairman.Concerned about Kang Youwei, Liang asked Sun Dao, "Where will Mr. Kang be placed if this is the case?" Sun said, "Wouldn't the status of a disciple be more respectable if he is the president and teacher?" Liang Qichao readily agreed. Before the fall of the Qing government, Liang Qichao believed that Kang Youwei's political ideal of "virtuous republic" was no longer in line with China's future direction, so he advised Kang: "Take advantage of the power of the chicken, or enjoy the blessing of losing the horse, and use up your talents to serve the country. How can there be no way out", otherwise "there is nothing to say when you are going to give up a different road".

Kang Youwei once asked Zhou Shanpei: "I really admire you, and you must call Mr. Zhao (referring to Zhao Xi, Zhou Shanpei's teacher). Why do you obey Mr. Zhao like that?" Knowing that Kang hated Liang Qichao for disobeying him, he replied, "Mr. Zhao Just talk to me about knowledge, the principles of learning are square, I can’t disobey him, I can only obey him; before the reform, you also talked about learning, but after the reform, you only talk about politics, the principles of politics are round, you have You have his own way, he has his own way, so naturally he will disobey you. There is another important point: I am an official for me, not for Mr. Zhao. I have been an official for six years, and Zhao My husband has never asked me for money or recommended anyone. Please reflect on whether you treat Mr. Ren like this." Kang Youwei was very dissatisfied when he heard this.

With the development of the revolution, the contradiction between Kang and Liang became more and more serious.Liang Qichao said in his letter to Kang Youwei that for several months, when discussing current affairs with you, there were always conflicts. "Mostly discuss things with the teacher, no matter who you are, you must never claim your own opinion... The teacher's past affairs are not big or small, and there are many things that are wrong, and the disciples can't be convinced. There is nothing to do." The political views of the imperial system were different, and the two had great conflicts. Liang Qichao even published an article publicly criticizing the theory of his teacher Kang Youwei, and the relationship between master and apprentice deteriorated seriously.

Kang Youwei was paranoid and had a bad temper. If any of his disciples resisted his wishes, he would be furious.After Liang Qichao was invited by Yuan Shikai to become the chief justice of the Beijing government, Kang Youwei sometimes asked Liang to give money, and sometimes asked Liang to arrange jobs for people he recommended.Liang Qichao had no choice but to kneel down and apologize to him, but Kang Youwei ignored him. Kang Youwei supported the restoration, while Liang Qichao opposed the restoration, believing that the world trend was unstoppable and the restoration could not succeed.Liang Qichao said: "I dare say that the signboard of the Republic of China that has been hung will never be removed for thousands of years from now on. No matter how sage you are like Yao and Shun, as violent as Qin Shihuang and Ming Taizu, as Cao Cao and Sima Yi So cunning, if you want to be the emperor of China, no one will ever agree to it." Kang published an article "Strategy for the Country's Stability" in the "Shanghai Weekly", and when he publicly advocated the restoration of the Qing emperor, Liang immediately published "On Restoration and Restoration" He refuted it and clearly pointed out that Kang was a "Party Yuan Theory", "Adversary Theory", and "Chouan New School".

In 1917, Kang Youwei moved against the historical trend again and supported Zhang Xun. Liang Qichao immediately followed Duan Qirui to attack Zhang Xun.He not only drafted the declaration of rebellion on behalf of Duan, but also issued an opposition telegram in his own name, reprimanding Kang as "a scholar with big words and no shame, who knows nothing about the political situation".It is said that after the electrification was completed, some people worried that it would destroy the friendship between Kang and Liang as teachers and students, but Liang Qichao replied confidently: "Masters and younger brothers may have different political opinions. I cannot be a sinner of the country with my teacher."

Before Liang Qichao opposed Zhang Xun's restoration, Zhou Shanpei advised Liang: "Some things should be done by oneself, and some things should be listened to by others. To ask Yuan, the revolutionary party should do it, and we should do it; to ask for Zhang Xun's restoration, we should only listen to the revolutionary party." There is no need for us to do it." Zhou Shanpei repeatedly persuaded him for a long time, but Liang Qichao insisted on attacking Zhang Xun.Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei broke up from then on. Kang Youwei scolded Liang Qichao in front of Liang Qichao's students as "Liang thief Qichao", and accused Liang, saying: "The owl eats the mother and the father eats the father, Xing Tian dances and the tiger guards the pass. Pengmeng shoots with a bow." Yi, sit and watch the sunset and shed tears." "Owl" and "獍" are monsters in ancient Chinese that eat their father and mother.

After Kang and Liang publicly turned against each other, through the mediation of Liu Haisu and others, the relationship between the two eased. In 1922, Kang Youwei's first wife died in Shanghai, and Liang Qichao went to mourn the funeral in person. In 1927, Kang Youwei's 70th birthday, Kang's disciples gathered in Shanghai to celebrate his birthday. Although Liang Qichao couldn't come in person due to business, he asked someone to send a birthday couplet and a birthday letter.The birthday couplet written by Liang said: "The mysterious meaning of the sages is described, and the whole family is not uniform. It is seventy years old at this age; the bean is served to the old man of the country, and the spring wine is enjoyed by the heart. Qianyan!" In the couplet, Liang Qichao took a liking to Kang Youwei and compared Kang Youwei to Confucius.In the Shouwen, Liang Qichao fondly recalled his early study experience in Wanmu Thatched Cottage, thanked him for his teaching, and spoke highly of Kang Youwei's influence at that time and in the future. On March 31 of this year, Kang Youwei passed away in Qingdao.After Liang Qichao heard the news, he was very sad. He remitted several hundred yuan as a gift, and hanged himself in Fayuan Temple for 3 days.Whenever someone came to salute, he always stood in the position of a filial son, never tired of answering the salute.The junior disciples Xu Zhimo, Zhang Junmai, Hu Shi and others kowtowed, and Liang also responded politely.Liang Qichao usually likes to play mahjong, but he stopped playing mahjong one month after Kang Youwei passed away. On April 17, Liang Qichao joined forces with disciples of Kangmen to set up a funeral ceremony in Beijing, and read out the eulogy with tears in his eyes.In his eulogy, Liang Qichao affirmed Kang Youwei's historical contributions in his early years, but tactfully criticized his mistakes in restoring the monarchy. Liang Qichao rescued Kang Youwei: "I wish Zong prayed for his death, his old eyes will dry up for a long time, and his life will be short, so that he will not see the tragedy of the land and fish all over the world; he hunted Lin in the west, and his words were cut short. The sorrow of the decaying mountains and the destruction of trees." "Xishu Huo Lin", a code of "Spring and Autumn: Fourteen Years of Duke Ai", Du Yu's annotation: "The Lin is a benevolent beast, and the Jiarui of the holy king. The ignorant king of the world came out and met. Zhong Zhong Ni was hurt by Zhou Dao’s unhappiness, and Jiarui’s lack of response, so because of Lu Chunqiu’s indifference to ZTE’s teachings, he never wrote a sentence of “Huolin”. It’s what you feel, so it’s the end.” Liang quoted this allusion in the second couplet , comparing the teacher Kang Youwei to Confucius. Liang Qichao commented on his teacher Kang Youwei: "Mr. is the most self-confident person. No matter who he insists on, no one can shake it. It is the same in academics, and it is the same in management. He refuses to accommodate things, and always takes things as his own. Things are based on their principles, and there are often six classics that are all my footnotes, and mountains are all their servants!"