Chapter 157 teaching

Liang Qichao's students include: Cai E, Jiang Baili, Zhang Junmai, Yang Shuda, Yang Honglie, Fan Yuanlian, Wu Qichang, Jiang Liangfu, Xu Zhimo, etc. They are involved in the military, philosophy, academic, literary, legal circles, etc., and each has made achievements. Liang Qichao is passionate about teaching.He tried his best to prepare his homework, and the daily two hours of lecture notes, which he spent a day compiling, were just enough. Liang Qichao loves giving lectures and writings. Once Liang Qichao fell ill with a cold due to drunkenness, he was found to have a large right ventricle and a slightly faster pulse rate. The doctor forcibly stopped him from speaking and writing.However, Liang Qichao still went to the Fazheng School to teach at night.When Zhang Junmai came back from the doctor’s office and heard that his teacher Liang Qichao was going to give lectures again, he rushed to the school in a hurry, pulled Liang Qichao off the platform, wept bitterly, and demanded that Liang stop speaking for a week, and immediately sent letters to all schools, Stop all speeches by Liang Qichao this week.Liang Qichao later went to Southeast University to give lectures, and found that the classrooms were empty, and there was no student present.After negotiating with Zhang Junmai, Liang Qichao was able to maintain his lecture chair at Southeast University and continue to attend Buddhist courses.

Liang Qichao said that the purpose of his teaching at Tsinghua University can be summed up as follows: one is the way of being a human being—creating a newcomer in society who does not follow the trend of the times; Chinese studies. At the beginning of November 1914, Liang Qichao gave a speech titled "Gentlemen" in Tsinghua University. In his speech, he quoted "Tian Xingjian, gentlemen use self-improvement" and "Geo-sports, gentlemen carry things with virtue" to encourage Tsinghua students. It is hoped that they can "advocate morality and study, encourage them to be true gentlemen, and take on great responsibilities in the future, which will be enough to turn the tide of the fall and become the mainstay of the mainstream."Since then, "Constant self-improvement, social integrity" has become the motto of Tsinghua University, which is still in use today.

Liang Shiqiu once recalled Liang Qichao's speech: Mr. Ren walked up to the podium, opened his speech script, glanced down, and then his very brief opening remarks, only two sentences in total, the first sentence was: "Qichao has no knowledge——" Rolling his eyes upwards, he nodded his head lightly: "But there is a little bit!" Liang Shiqiu recalled Liang Qichao's speech "Emotions Expressed in Chinese Verses" at Tsinghua University in 1922 and said: Mr. Ren Gong's speech was later collected in "Ice Drinking Room Collection".His speeches are pre-written and neatly written on the large rice paper. His calligraphy is very beautiful, written in thick ink on the rice paper, very beautiful.But the taste of reading his article and listening to his speech is very different, just like reading a script is very different from watching a play.

Liang Qichao teaches at the Academy of Chinese Studies of Tsinghua University, and once guided a graduate student to study the history of pre-Qin thought.The student only scored 50 points in the final exam.The student then went to the tutor to inquire, and Liang Qichao said casually: "I didn't read your exam papers at all. Reading the exam papers is a waste of time, and it doesn't help me. You should prepare for the summer vacation and just come to make up the exam when the school starts." Liang Qichao scored 100 points on the student's make-up exam paper and said, "I didn't read your exam paper. After reviewing for a summer vacation, you must have done well in the exam. I don't need to read it again."

Liang Shiqiu once recorded the situation of Liang Qichao's lectures: he spoke seriously, took a sip of water when he was thirsty, took out a large towel to wipe the sweat on his face, and called his son sitting in the front row from time to time: "Sicheng, wipe the blackboard." !" Liang Sicheng jumped onto the stage to wipe the blackboard clean.Every time the bell rang, he couldn't finish speaking, and always dragged on for a few minutes, and then he swaggered out of the classroom amid thunderous applause.The audience stayed in their seats, and no one dared to leave first.

Liang Qichao taught the course "Authenticity of Ancient Books and Methods of Distinguishing Authenticity" in Tsinghua University, and made a comprehensive and systematic summary of ancient books in the pre-Qin period from various perspectives. and age, sum up problems at any time, and often compare several books. When Liang Qichao was teaching at Tsinghua University, he taught "Confucian Philosophy" every Wednesday. During the lecture, he asked his student Zhou Chuanru to be responsible for recording the content of his lectures.Once, a student made a lantern riddle, which said: Mr. Liang Rengong lectures on philosophy every Wednesday, and names one person.Everyone couldn't guess, but the student finally revealed the answer. It turned out to be "Zhou Chuanru".Everyone laughed.

Liang Qichao believed that the book "Lao Tzu" might be a work of the Warring States period. He said in an academic speech: "I am suing the book "Lao Tzu" today, please judge." The student’s letter said: “The sections proposed by Mr. Liang Ren could not at all prove that the book “Lao Tzu” contains products from the Warring States period. But he was happy to write a title for this article and praised Zhang's talent. Liang Qichao once lectured on the history of Chinese culture at Beijing Normal University. Every time he came to teach, the classrooms were so crowded that there was no room for space, and some students even stood and listened.Although some students are studying natural science, they would rather sacrifice their homework to listen to his lectures.

When Liang Qichao was teaching at Beijing Normal University, very few students came to class at one time. Liang asked and learned that there was an important intercollegiate basketball game on that day, and many students went to watch it.Liang then complained: "Study is not as fun as playing football. You don't want to study with me, but you just want to see Liang Qichao. Just like the tigers and elephants in the zoo, one or two visits is enough. Don’t be disappointed, don’t want too many, as long as it’s good, I only have more than 40 students in the current affairs school, but I have Cai Songpo, Fan Yuanlian, Yang Shuda, one by one!”

Every time Liang Qichao went to school to attend classes, he took his own carriage.He never puts down the book in the car. He put the book in the bag after entering the school gate, but he opened the book again when he got to the professor's lounge.When he lectured, for every question, it was from ancient to modern times, with detailed proofs and quotations, incisive, thorough and fascinating.Among the citations, at the same time put forward your own opinions to inspire everyone.He said more than once: "Anyone who studies knowledge must be able to get in and come out, so as not to be deceived by others, but to gain something for himself. Therefore, the ancients said that reading is attacking books. The word "attack" is very important. Meaningful, to be experienced well.”

One day, Chu Zhongyuan and Li Renfu went to visit Liang Qichao together. Liang entertained them warmly. Besides making tea, he also added two plates of sweets.He inscribed the cover for Chu Zhongyuan's poem, and wrote a couplet for Li Renfu, which reads: "All disasters are blessings, and a hundred years of strength and fate stand together."He repeatedly said to Li: "This is a recorded sentence from a poem in my youth. You can imagine my arrogance in those days. I wrote it to you today, and I hope you will be determined to work hard." At the same time, he said: "I have acted in my life , I also believe in these two sentences. So I am happy to encounter any adversity, I am an optimist, maybe it is because of this, I hope you young people can learn from the ancients' philosophy."

Huang Boyi recalled meeting Liang Qichao for the first time at the welcome meeting of Southeast University during the summer vacation.At that time, Liang Qichao said modestly at the meeting: "I, Liang Qichao, must learn from Confucius' spirit of 'never tire of learning, never tire of teaching', and attack mistakes together with my classmates." , the voice is clear and the attitude is sincere. Huang Boyi recalled: "At the forum of 'free lectures' at that time, such as Hu Shi, Zhang Junmai, Jiang Kanghu, Zhang Dongsun, etc., all talked about politics and doctrine, and Mr. Liang (Qichao) was active in politics several times. people, but never talked about the politics of the time.” Famous scholars gathered at Southeast University at that time, including Dewey, Hu Shi, Zhang Junmai, Jiang Kanghu, Zhang Dongsun, etc. The students asked Liang Qichao and Yang Xingfo for advice on the conclusions of these scholars. In the debate, some people think that Yang's attitude should be adopted, while others appreciate Liang.After Liang Qichao found out, he said to the students: "The freedom of teaching and the freedom of criticism are originally twins. I am not against freedom of criticism, but against the lack of freedom of criticism. My attitude is no different from that of Xing Buddha. For example, I believe that truth is You know, I have said it in my class. Is it correct? We must 'break the casserole and ask the end!', I also said to attack mistakes together with everyone." Liang Qichao once gave a speech entitled "The Interest of Learning" in Nanjing. During the speech, the audience crowded the venue.In the structure of his speeches, he directly adopted the layout of the ancient texts "Qiqi" and "Qifa"-from criticizing all the trivialities of life, and finally expressing his own superb interest.For example, Liang said: "Some people say that eating wine is interesting, how about getting drunk? Some people say that seeing money is interesting, what about losing?... Burn me, Liang Qichao, to ashes for chemical analysis - there is only a little learning interest of." Liang Qichao disapproved after watching "The Broken Hairpin" performed by Southeast University. He said to Huang Boyi: "Advocating this kind of tragedy will only bring harm to the young people. You can suggest Hou Yao and Su Manshu to translate Indian Anti-Japanese War from Sanskrit. Ying Yimin has a lot of notes, and it will be more meaningful if they are combined into a historical drama." Liang Qichao said in "Learning and Being a Man" that a man must have the "three virtues" of wisdom, benevolence, and courage, so that "the knower will not be confused, the benevolent will not worry, and the brave will not be afraid."Therefore, education should be divided into three parts: intellectual education, emotional education, and mental education.Intellectual education is the pursuit of knowledge, the purpose is to teach people to achieve "the one who knows is not confused".Emotional education is to develop a universal personality, understand the universe and the way of life, and the purpose is to teach people to be "benevolent without worry".Mental education is to hone people's will and maintain courage, the purpose is to teach people to be "brave without fear".Emotional and mental education belong to the knowledge of virtue, which has almost been lost in the modern education system, and now only intellectual education remains.Liang Qichao ridiculed modern education as a "grocery store" that "sells knowledge".He called for emphasizing the knowledge of virtue, emphasizing the need to use introspection and practice to obtain it.