Chapter 156 the academic

Liang Qichao was highly educated and erudite throughout his life. The "Encyclopedia of China" set up a special article to introduce Liang's life and achievements, including "News and Publication", "Education", "Chinese History", "Philosophy", "Economics", "Law", "Politics", "Chinese Literature" and other 8 volumes.In addition, there are more than ten volumes such as "Religion", "Sociology", "Geography", "Agriculture", "Opera", "Physical Education", etc., when describing the development of each subject, he mentioned his contribution.

Liang Qichao was well-read and memorized. He read very miscellaneous books and knew many people.At a banquet, Hu Shi said: "There are many ancient Chinese poems, and the poets eat meat, but no one has written about pigs. No one has written poems about this animal." Liang Qichao immediately retorted: "It is not necessarily true that Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty wrote 'Sunset Fragrant Grass See the sentence of Youzhu'." Qianlong wrote countless poems in his life, but few of them were good ones, and few people read them, which shows that Liang's reading is mixed.

Liang Qichao was hunted down by Yuan Shikai because he participated in the national protection movement, so he had to hide in a barren hill.When he recovered from his illness, he wrote the book "National Lessons". In his preface, he said: "Since the illness has started, reading this leisure time is not easy to get in today's busy schedule. Read the book for three days and nights and get thirteen chapters." In 1918, Liang Qichao and Jiang Baili traveled to Europe together.After returning to China, Jiang wrote a book "History of the European Renaissance", and asked Liang to write a preface for it.Unexpectedly, as soon as Liang started to write, he was out of control, and his eloquence was 80,000 characters, which was larger than Jiang's main text.Jiang Xiao couldn't help but ask Liang to publish it separately and write a preface for Liang's book.This is Liang's book "Introduction to Academics in the Qing Dynasty".Later, Liang Qichao added this book to 250,000 characters, which is "China's Academic History in the Past Three Hundred Years".

Liang Qichao explained Jia Yi's "Policy for Public Security" to the students. The full text was more than 7,000 words.The students were very surprised. Liang smiled and said, "I can't memorize the "Public Security Policy", how can I get into the "Wan Yan Shu"?" Liang Qichao once gave a speech on "Du Fu, the Saint of Love" in Tsinghua University. He said: When Du Fu wrote "The Official in the Stone Trench", "he has become the old woman whose children are dead and has no food and clothing, so what he said is completely for them. The advantage of this kind of poem is that it is true, the more detailed things are written, the more thoroughly the true feelings will be developed. We are familiar with him, and we can understand the truth that truth is beauty.”

Liang Qichao believes: "History is the most important part of Chinese studies." His research on Chinese studies has always focused on historiography.He successively wrote monographs such as "Introduction to Academics in the Qing Dynasty", "Chinese History Research Method" and its supplement, "History of Political Thought in Pre-Qin Dynasty", and "Academic History of China in the Past Three Hundred Years". After experiencing political failure, Liang Qichao realized: "It is rare to continue to be interested in activities in the Chinese political circle. The objective facts do not correspond to the subjective ideals, and all persuasive persuasion is like hitting empty air." Since then, Liang Qichao has devoted himself to Ask about learning, no longer pay attention to politics.

Liang Qichao devoted himself to the study of learning and studied middle school with the method of Western learning, "creating a newcomer in society who does not follow the trend of the times" and "creating a Chinese learning that adapts to the new trend in the academic circle".He hopes to reawaken people's confidence in traditional culture and critically summarize ancient Chinese cultural heritage.After returning from Europe, Liang Qichao, together with Hu Shi and others, launched a movement to sort out the national heritage, and became the backbone of the national quintessence school of history.

Liang Qichao has also made many achievements in literary creation: his works in prose, poetry, novels, opera and translated literature have been published in the world, especially in prose. Chen Da once served as the editor-in-chief of Tsinghua Journal at Tsinghua University. One day, he said to his student Liang Siyong: "Tell the old man to let him write a manuscript." Soon, Liang Qichao's manuscript was delivered, and Chen Da said: " It was beyond my expectation. This article was written about the geographical distribution of Chinese academics. It was delivered after only a few days. I saw it, and it was amazing. It contained the geographical distribution of various schools of thought in Chinese history. The content and comparison of each school, the representatives of each school, how many people are behind these people, the date of birth and death, the title of the work, the geographical distribution, such as what school is in Guangdong, what school is in Zhejiang, etc., is really impressive. If I were to write this article, it would take at least half a year."

Liang Qichao was diligent in his studies and lived a very regular life. No matter whether it was winter or summer, he got up at five o'clock and worked ten hours a day.Every day he had to read "Beijing-Shanghai Daily" and a magazine as thick as "New Youth", and he had to extract necessary materials.The Japanese and Chinese books that I have to read every day are not lazy even though I am busy.He often encourages his students with "all evils are lazy first, and all kinds of behaviors are first". Liang Qichao stipulates that he does not receive guests during working hours, and occasionally someone visits, and the conversation does not exceed one hour.He hung a wooden sign on the study, and wrote: "Except graduate students, there is nothing important to do."

There were many scholars at Southeast University, and a student asked Liang Qichao: "Now Nanjing invites famous scholars from home and abroad to give lectures publicly. Some people say that only the contention of various schools of thought can compare with today's grand occasion. In my opinion, is this formulation appropriate?" Liang suddenly became solemn Said: "Very inappropriate! The main reason is that there is nothing new. All schools of thought have their own uniqueness, and it is worth reassessing its value today after 2000. Today's free lectures can hardly find an independent Opinions, but after twenty or thirty years, they are completely forgotten by people."

Liang Qichao "used to have no books in his eyes, and seldom had a pen in his hand." He wrote in his later years, especially diligently. In 1920, he wrote "Introduction to Academics in the Qing Dynasty", "Lao Tzu's Philosophy", "Mo Jing Annotation" and other works in just one year, and he also wrote many papers on the history of Buddhism. Liang Qichao is very knowledgeable, but sometimes he makes small mistakes.When he wrote the "Chinese History Research Method", he quoted the works of Arabs. Because he did not see the original text, he mistakenly wrote "Five Dynasties" as "Five Dynasties" and "China in the 10th Century" as "9th Century".Wang Senran said with emotion: "It's really not easy to write a book and seek to enter the forest of authors in the world."

Liang Qichao was enthusiastic about cultural dissemination activities in his later years. He established the Gongxue Society and the Lecture Society. The former published a large number of books, including translations introducing socialism, and the latter invited Dewey, Russell, Du Lishu and Tagore to visit China. It became a major cultural event in China in the 1920s. In February 1923, Zhang Junmai gave a speech titled "Outlook on Life" in Tsinghua University, which aroused great disgust from geologist Ding Wenjiang, who immediately wrote an article "Metaphysics and Science" to refute it.Zhang Ding and Zhang Ding debated back and forth, and Liang Qichao took the lead to participate. Zhang Dongsun, Lin Zaiping, Hu Shi, Wang Xinggong, Wu Zhihui and other celebrities published articles one after another and competed to join the battle, which set off a sensational dispute between science and metaphysics. In September 1928, four months before Liang Qichao passed away, he began to compile the Chronicle of Xin Jiaxuan.In the struggle with illness, Liang Qichao insisted on writing until finally unable to pick up a pen.Liang Qichao and Xin Qiji had the same life circumstances and empathized with each other, so they wrote the Chronicle of Xin Jiaxuan. At the beginning of 1929, Liang Qichao's condition gradually deteriorated, and his health became worse and worse. Students Xie Guozhen and Xiao Longyou advised him to stop working and rest more.Liang said: "Soldiers die on the battlefield, and scholars die on the forum." He died soon after. In 1982, Xie Guozhen was hospitalized due to illness and insisted on reading. Xiao Longyou’s son Xiao Zhang visited him and advised him not to read books but to rest. Teacher Xie Yi replied more than 50 years ago: “Soldiers die on the battlefield, scholars die on the forum, Teacher training must not be violated!" Liang Qichao is knowledgeable and has a large collection of books.There are as many as 3470 kinds of books and more than 40000 volumes in his ice drinking room.He devoted himself to the study of book philology and supported the cause of books.After Liang Qichao's death, his family donated all the books to the Beijing Library in accordance with his will. Liang Qichao worked hard all his life and wrote many books. His various writings amounted to 14 million words, with an average of 390,000 words written every year.These works were written during his nearly thirty-six years of political activities, which shows his diligence.His "Ice Drinking Room Collection" has a total of 148 volumes, and once had the social influence of "a collection of drinking ice, thousands of copies, and recited by Chinese people".