Chapter 144 give lectures

In Zhang Taiyan's life, he gave four speeches on Chinese studies that "invigorate the teachers and mobilize the masses".The first time was in Tokyo, Japan, for the Chinese students who were studying in Japan at that time to hold a seminar on Chinese studies (the invitation letter said "Guoxue Zhenqishe"). The seminar began in the autumn of 1906 and lasted until 1909. The lecture content Including philosophers and phonological exegesis, Duan Yucai's "Shuowen Jiezi Zhu" is the main one.Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Qian Xuantong, Shen Jianshi, Ma Youyu, Zhu Xizu, Xu Shoushang and others all attended the lecture.

In the book "Impressions of the Dead Friend Lu Xun", Xu Shoushang recalled the situation of listening to Zhang Taiyan's lectures in Japan: "After Mr. Zhang was released from prison, he traveled east to Japan, writing articles for "Min Bao" and giving lectures to young people. The location is in a classroom in Dacheng Middle School. Lu Xun and I are very willing to go to listen, but because of the conflict with the class time, we asked Gong Weisheng (named Baoquan) to convey that we hope to set up another class, and Mr. Meng gave his permission. The address is In Mr.’s residence——Dimin Newspaper Office, 2-chome, 8th, Ushigome District, every Sunday morning, we go to receive employment. In a shabby room, teachers and students sit on the ground around a small table. Mr. Duan’s "Shuowen" "Jiezi Zhu", Hao's "Er Ya Yi Shu", etc., are divinely interpreted and intelligent, with great energy, explaining word by word, eloquently, or explaining the origin of the language, or inferring the original word, or circumscribing it with various Prescription words. From eight o'clock to noon, four hours without a break, really so-called tireless teaching....Mr. Zhang is so lively in his lectures, so new friendships are creative and emerge endlessly. Even if he chats casually sometimes, he also makes humorous and witty remarks. The two books "New Dialect" and "Primary School Questions and Answers" were written after school, and the first draft of "Wen Shi" was written at this time. Our class listened to Zhu Pengxian (named Zonglai), Gong Weisheng, Qian Xuantong (Xia), Zhu Yuxian (Xizu), Zhou Yucai (shuren, that is, Lu Xun), Zhou Qimeng (Zuoren), Qian Junfu (family governance, note: Qian Xuesen's father) and me, a total of eight people. The first four were listened to by Dacheng again. When listening to the lecture, he took notes first as the most diligent; when talking, Xuantong talked the most, and crawled around on the table. Therefore, Lu Xun gave Xuantong the nickname "Crawl" Climb away'. Lu Xun listened to lectures and seldom spoke."

Zhou Zuoren talked about the situation of listening to Zhang Taiyan's lectures at that time in "Reminiscences of Zhitang": "A room with eight seats has a low table in the middle; the teacher sits on one side, and the students surround three sides to listen. The book used is " "Shuowen Jiezi" is explained word by word, some of which are old ones, some of them are new ones, but the dry materials are very interesting to use." Qian Xuantong wrote in the article "My Remembrance and Brief Comments on Zhou Yucai": "In the first four years of the Republic of China, Yucai and I both studied in Tokyo, Japan. A few friends and I invited Zhang Taiyan (Binglin) The master talked about the study of language and characters (phonology, "Shuowen"), and borrowed a classroom in Taisei Middle School in Japan to give the lecture. After a few days, Mr. Gong Weisheng (Baoquan, the eldest son-in-law of the former teacher) from the same school discussed with the former teacher and said Several people from Kuaiji Zhou’s brothers and their friends wanted to attend the lecture, but they hoped to set up another class, and the lecture would be held in their residence as soon as the teacher allowed it. "is sponsored by Mr. Sun Yat-sen, that is, the official newspaper of the "Tongmenghui". Sheng, Zhu Pengxian (Zonglai), and Zhu Tixian (Xizu) will go to listen to the lecture."

The second volume of "Zhu Xizu's Diary" collected by the National Library of China (recording "the 41st year of Meiji", that is, the event in 1908), records the progress of Zhang Taiyan's lecture on "Shuowen": "April 4th: afternoon, to Qingfengting , Mr. Zhang, please talk about the Duan Annotation "Shuowen", and first talk about the "Six Books Phonological Table", which is the examples of the side-turn, counter-turn, and double-tone of the ancient chorus."... "July 28th: ​​Re-up "Shuowen", from the "one" talk."

Huang Kan said in "Mr. Taiyan's Chronicles" why Zhang Taiyan opened the seminar: "The Japanese government was informed by the Qing court, and the public newspapers were closed for false events, and the newspapers were banned and could not be published. Mr. Li filed a lawsuit with the Japanese government. After several months, he died. Unable to win, he retreated and taught various scholars to learn Chinese. Seeing that the state affairs are getting worse, and the party members have no long-term strategy, they are very angry. They think that India is a pagoda, and the capital and ax are exhausted. He spends a hundred dollars a day selling wheat cakes to live by himself, and his clothes and quilts are not washed for three years. Difficulties are so difficult, but morality is intensified. He also teaches people Chinese studies, saying that the country’s unfortunate decline and fall, learning continues, and the people still have impressions. The concubine has the effect of reaping great fruits, and has the hope of recovering Yang. Therefore, he is diligent and diligent, and he is not afraid of his hard work, and his disciples number in the hundreds."

In the article "Zhang Binglin", Xu Shoushang recalled the students who attended the lecture at that time: "The lecturers in the same class were Zhu Zonglai, Gong Baoquan, Qian Xuantong, Zhu Xizu, Zhou Shuren, Zhou Zuoren, Qian Jiazhi and me, a total of eight people. The first four were Dacheng came to listen to the lecture. There are many other fellow students, such as Huang Kan, Wang Dong, Ma Yuzao, Shen Jianshi, etc., and I don’t want to mention them.” Zhang Taiyan and other disciples later became great masters.And Zhang Taiyan said in "Mr. Taiyan's Self-determined Chronicle": "The disciples who achieved success are Qihuang Kan Jigang, Gui'an Qian Xiazhong, and Haiyan Zhu Xizuti. Ji Gang and Ji Zhong are all Ming primary schools. Ji Gang is especially good at phonology and diction; Read extensively first, so you can understand the order. There are so many other monks that they don’t prepare books.”

Zhang Taiyan's second lecture was when he was under house arrest by Yuan Shikai from 1913 to 1916. In a letter to Tang Guoli, he said "entertain yourself with lectures" and "relieve worries by chatting".At that time, Yuan Shikai established Confucianism as the state religion, and Kang Youwei also advocated Confucianism, so Zhang made criticism of Confucianism an important content of this lecture, and wrote "Refuting the Establishment of Confucianism".He posted the "Confessions of the National Academy of Sciences" at the entrance of the seminar, saying: "Yu is the main lecturer of the National Academy of Sciences, and there are many people who come to learn from him. This association is dedicated to enlightening knowledge and expanding the national character, and it must not be related to religion. Those who have already joined the Confucian Church and want to join the Confucian Church must first leave the Confucian Church to avoid the disease of being smoked and mixed. Zhang Binglin is white.” There were many people who came to listen to the lecture, most of them were from universities in the capital. Teachers and students, including Yuan Shikai's spies.

Zhang Taiyan's third lecture was a series of lectures on Chinese studies at the invitation of the Jiangsu Provincial Education Association when he was in Shanghai in the summer of 1922.There are ten lectures in this speech, which started on April 1 and lasted for one and a half months. ", "Schools of Philosophy", "Schools of Philosophy", "Schools of Literature", "Schools of Literature", "Progress of Chinese Studies".Every speech Zhang Taiyan gave was reported by Shanghai Shenbao, and a summary of the content written by the reporter was published.After the speech, Cao Juren compiled the book "Introduction to Chinese Studies" based on Zhang's speech, and Zhang Mingfei compiled "Mr. Zhang Taiyan's Lectures on Chinese Studies" based on Zhang's speech.

For the fourth time, Zhang Taiyan established the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Suzhou in January 1933. The association used "Guoxue Shangdui" as its journal and later changed its name to "Guoxue Lunheng". From 1933 to 1934, Zhang Taiyan gave more than 20 speeches in the library of Suzhou Park, which was unprecedentedly grand.Due to disagreement with the founders of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the latter chapter held the "Zhang's Chinese Studies Seminar" in 1935, and gave lectures on Chinese studies. Although he was seriously ill, he did not give up the lectures.