Chapter 130 9. Zhang Taiyan

Lu Xun called his teacher Zhang Taiyan a "learned revolutionist", and believed that "the deeds left by Mr. Zhang in the history of revolution are actually greater than in the history of academics." One of the "Family Instructions" set by Zhang Taiyan's father said: "Arrogance and lowliness, full of respect and flattery." It means that children are required not to bow to the Qing court.Zhang Taiyan strictly abides by the family precepts. Huang Kan's "Mr. Taiyan's Chronicles" records: "Mr. (Zhang Taiyan) was born sensitive. When he was young, he read "Donghualu".

Zhang Taiyan participated in the "Boy Examination" at the age of 16. The topic of the examination was: On the Splendid Qing Dynasty.Faced with this question, Zhang Taiyan thought that after the Opium War, the Qing government was weak and incompetent, and allowed the great powers to carve up China and dominate China. How could such a "brilliant" Qing Dynasty exist?So he flicked his pen and condensed his full of anger on the pen, and finally called on "the most urgent task for the people of our country is to restore China."In less than an hour, Zhang was the first to hand in the paper.Seeing his quick thinking, the examiner couldn't help but secretly marveled at him, and was horrified when he read his writing.At this moment, Zhang was about to step out of the examination room, when the chief examiner stood up and shouted: "Slow down, you are so bold! You can be convicted..." Zhang said calmly and calmly: "Everything I think is in line with it. The thinking of the Chinese people today; what I have said is in line with the reality of the country, so what is the crime?" Suddenly, the examination room was in an uproar.The chief examiner was afraid that things would become serious, so he ordered two guards to take Zhang out of the examination room.When Zhang's family saw this, their faces turned pale with fright, but Zhang looked calm.

After the signing of the "Treaty of Shimonoseki" in 1885, Zhang Taiyan was very angry, and sent a membership fee of 16 yuan to the Shanghai Strong Society established by Kang Youwei from Hangzhou to join the society.At the end of the next year, Zhang was invited by Liang Qichao to be a writer for "Current Affairs" and met Tan Sitong and others.Under the influence of Liang, Tan and others, Zhang's thoughts gradually became revolutionary. In June 1987, Zhang Taiyan initiated the establishment of Xingzhe Association in Hangzhou. In December 1988, Zhang Taiyan was wanted by the Qing government because he supported the Reform Reform, and fled to Taiwan under Japanese occupation. The next year, he made remarks that angered the Taiwan authorities, and then went to Japan and returned to China in August.During his stay in Japan, Zhang Taiyan met Sun Yat-sen.

In 1900, Zhang Taiyan's "Xi Shu" was published.In the book, Zhang advocated the revival of the study of the philosophers, opposed the Manchus, opposed the great powers, and advocated the theory of recovery, which had a profound social impact at that time.When the Qing court later sued Zhang Taiyan for the "Su Bao case", this book was also one of the charges against Zhang by the Qing court.Soon, Zhang published "Theory of Enmity and Manchuria", in which Zhang publicly criticized the Qing court and royalism for the first time.This year, Zhang Taiyan cut off his braids and aspired to revolution.

In 1901, introduced by Wu Junsui, Zhang Taiyan went to Soochow University as a Chinese teacher.At that time, Zhang taught Chinese courses, but instead of talking about classics and history in class, he talked about national righteousness and advocated that students take the road of recovery, which caused an uproar for a while.The royalists were shocked and regarded Zhang as a "chaotic party".In January of the following year, Enshou, the governor of Jiangsu, went to the school to inform the American principal of the school that Zhang Taiyan was going to be arrested. In Japan, on the anniversary of the death of Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Taiyan initiated a commemorative meeting for the 242nd anniversary of the subjugation of China.Due to the intervention of the clean room, the Japanese police dispersed the students. Sun Yat-sen and hundreds of foreign students were unable to attend the meeting, and a make-up ceremony was held in Yokohama.During the banquet, Sun Yat-sen proposed that the participants each offer a glass of wine to Zhang Taiyan, a total of more than 70 cups, and Zhang Taiyan was not drunk.

In 1903, Zhang Taiyan wrote a preface to Zou Rong's "Revolutionary Army", calling the book "the first voice of the righteous teacher". Because of the words "Zaitian (Guangxu) clown does not distinguish between wheat and wheat", the Qing court was outraged; In June of the same year, Kang Youwei's "Book Refuting Kang Youwei's Theory of Revolution" and "Revolutionary Army" were published at the same time, and within a month, they were sold out.At this time, "Su Bao" published an excerpt of Zhang's article "Refuting Kang Youwei's Theory of Revolution" under the title "The Relationship between Kang Youwei and Jueluo Jun", which aroused great repercussions throughout the country.The Qing court ordered the closure of "Su Bao" and the arrest of Zhang Taiyan and Zou Rong.After being tried by a foreign court, Zhang Taiyan was sentenced to three years in prison.

In June 1906, Zhang Taiyan was released from prison, and Sun Yat-sen sent someone to bring him to Japan.At the welcome meeting for international students in Tokyo, Zhang Taiyan delivered a speech, thinking that the most important thing at present is, "First, use religion to inspire confidence and improve national morality; second, use national quintessence to stimulate caste and increase patriotism."After arriving in Japan, Zhang Taiyan joined the Tongmenghui, hosted the "Minbao", and debated with the "Xinmin Congbao" hosted by Liang Qichao.Zhang Taiyan's participation in the debate made "Xiang Zhi and "Xin Min Cong Bao" who have a relationship, all turn against each other."For a while, the sales of "Min Bao" surged, while "Xin Min Cong Bao" decreased on a large scale. Finally, "Xin Min Cong Bao" had to cease fighting and closed its doors.

On January 3, 1912, the Federation of the Republic of China was established in Shanghai.Zhang Taiyan and Cheng Dequan were elected as the chairman and vice president.Zhang Taiyan said in a speech: "The nature of this association is to supervise and subsidize the government." Zhang also said: "China is an old country, not a new one. Things have changed." After the founding of the Republic of China, Zhang Taiyan once supported Yuan Shikai in order to realize his political ambitions.Later, he discovered Yuan's ambition to proclaim himself emperor, and made a big disturbance in the presidential palace, and was placed under house arrest by Yuan Shikai until Yuan's death.

In 1917, Sun Yat-sen established the French Protectorate Military Government in Guangzhou, organized the French Protectorate Army, and crusaded against Duan Qirui.Zhang Taiyan served as the secretary-general of the Dharma-protecting military government, and went to Kunming to seek the support of the Yunnan warlord Tang Jiyao, but failed due to Tang's lack of sincerity. In 1925, when the "May 30th Movement" broke out, Zhang Taiyan sent out a telegram, hoping to "make the people in dire straits come to the seats as soon as possible." On March 20, 1926, Chiang Kai-shek created the "Zhongshan Ship Incident" and deliberately usurped the leadership of the Northern Expedition Army.Zhang Taiyan organized the "Great Union of Anti-Redism and National Salvation" in Shanghai to jointly oppose Chiang Kai-shek's usurpation of power, and Zhang served as a director of the association.In August of the same year, at the request of Sun Chuanfang, Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces of the Five Provinces, and Chen Taoyi, Governor of Jiangsu Province, Zhang Taiyan went to Nanjing to serve as the president of the "Revision of Etiquette System Association". On the 13th, Zhang sent a telegram to the whole country, again opposing Chiang Kai-shek's organization of the Northern Expedition.

Zhang Zhongxing recalled Zhang Taiyan’s lectures in the article "Zhang Taiyan": "Now I only remember the last sentence: "You should also pay attention to precautions. Don't drive Qin Hui away and welcome Shi Jingtang!" When the old man backed down. Although the words were spoken with humor, the meaning was painful, so the listeners watched the old man go out with indignation." In 1932, Japan invaded Shanghai. In a rage, Zhang Taiyan went north to meet Zhang Xueliang and asked him to actively resist Japan. Zhang gave a speech at Yenching University, calling on young people to rise up to save the country from peril.In February of the following year, Zhang Taiyan and Ma Xiangbo issued a joint declaration (referred to in history as the "Declaration of the Two Elders") to oppose Japanese imperialism's occupation of Northeast my country.

In Zhang Taiyan's later years, foreign aggression became more and more urgent.When he lectured, he preached that "it is shameful to do what you do" and discussed current affairs.When Chiang Kai-shek knew about it, he asked Zhang Ji, Zhang's Jinlan brother, to come forward and persuade Zhang, "Brother, give lectures with peace of mind, and don't discuss current affairs." Zhang Taiyan was very angry when he heard this, and he said, "I'm old, how can I pick off my hair for private purposes? To show that the world is uneasy?...Our past karma has all fallen to this day, who really did it? We died in peace?" "In the past five years, the authorities have been full of evil, and the road is looking sideways."