Chapter 131 position

In 1869, Zhang Taiyan was born in a scholarly family in Yuhang, Zhejiang. His grandfather left a collection of 5,000 volumes.When Zhang Taiyan's father arrived, the family situation began to decline due to the war in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Therefore, Zhang's father paid great attention to the education of his children, hoping to revive the family.Father Zhang set up the "Family Instructions", asking his children not to bow down to the Qing court, and hoped that his children would study classics and history carefully. In 1890, when Zhang's father was dying, he repeatedly told his family: "My family has been in the Qing Dynasty for seven or eight generations, and I wear dark clothes when I die. There is no Qing Shizhang clothing." The so-called "deep clothing" refers to the clothes that scholar-officials usually wear when they live at home, and the upper and lower clothes are connected.Zhang Taiyan's ancestors have gone through seven or eight generations since entering the Qing Dynasty, but they never wore Qing Dynasty clothes when they died, but wore "deep clothes".

When Zhang Taiyan was young, he was inspired by his grandfather Zhu Youqian.When he was eleven or twelve years old, Zhu gave a lecture on "Donghualu" for him, saying that "the defense against Yi and Xia must be strict."Zhang asked: "Has anyone talked about this before?" Zhu replied: "Wang Chuanshan and Gu Tinglin have already talked about it, especially Wang's words, which are really thorough. They said, "The subjugation of the country in the past dynasties is of no importance; only the Southern Song Dynasty If the Ming Dynasty perishes, the cultural relics will also perish with it." Zhang said: "Ming died in the Qing Dynasty, but it is better to die in Li Chuang." Zhu replied: "There is no need to say that now. If Li Chuang conquered the world of Ming, Although Chuang is not a good person, his descendants may not all be bad people, but there is no need to say that now."

Zhang Taiyan once wrote "Chasing Man Song": In 1904, on Cixi's 70th birthday, Zhang Taiyan wrote a couplet to show his irony, and it was passed down for a while: "Go to Nanyuan today, go to Beihai tomorrow, and when will you go to ancient Chang'an again? Sigh that the people of Li are all dry, and only sing for one person to celebrate; Ryukyu was cut off at fifty, Taiwan was cut off at sixty, and now the three provinces in the east are cut off, and Chixian County is cut off. After the Su Bao case, Zou Rong was arrested and died in prison.Zhang Taiyan wrote a poem to commemorate his brother-in-law, saying: "Zou Rong, my younger brother, was sent to Yingzhou. The braids were removed with quick scissors, and the dried beef was made into rice. When a hero is imprisoned, the world is also sad. Fate must be mixed with hands, and the universe has only two ends."

On July 15, 1906, after being released from prison, Zhang Taiyan came to Japan.Sun Yat-sen and students from Tokyo held a welcome party for him. More than 2,000 people attended the meeting. Because the place was too small, many people could only squeeze under the eaves or climb on the window sills in order to see Zhang Taiyan's demeanor.Zhang said in a speech at the meeting: "When my brother was young, because he read Jiang's "Donghualu", which included the cases of Dai Mingshi, Zeng Jing, and Zha Siting, he felt angry in his heart and felt that it was strange and chaotic. We hated the first thing in our hearts. Later, when we read the books of Mr. Zheng Suonan and Wang Chuanshan, they were all about defending the Han race, and the national thought gradually developed.”

In 1898, recommended by Xia Zengyou of "Current Affairs News", Zhang Taiyan was recruited by Zhang Zhidong.Zhang Taiyan wanted to "rely on the Han governor to change the status quo", so he happily went there, and served as the editor of "Zhengxue Journal", writing an article to refute Kang Youwei's Jinwen Confucianism theory.But soon he discovered that Zhang Zhidong's "Chinese style and Western application" was only for the purpose of steady reform under the Qing system, and Zhang just took advantage of his differences with Kang Youwei and others to suppress the reformers, so Zhang Taiyan left directly.

Zhang Taiyan advocated the Manchu Manchurianism, and called the Manchu emperor by his name in a very contemptuous tone. Zhu Qiangfu, Liang Dingfen's disciple, asked Zhang, "Didn't someone in your ancestors have been an official in the Qing Dynasty?" Zhang Taiyan replied, "That was polluted by violence , not to do it!" In 1899, when Zhang Taiyan was in exile in Japan for the first time, he met Sun Yat-sen.At this meeting, Zhang Taiyan was deeply moved by Sun Yat-sen's argument that "the Manchu Qing Dynasty cannot be overthrown in China today without shedding blood", and he applauded repeatedly, calling him "excellent insight". In 1901, Zhang Taiyan cut his invention journal, and wrote an article "Cutting Braids and Hair" and sent it to Sun Yat-sen. This article was subsequently published in "China Xun Bao".

Zhang Taiyan taught Chinese courses at Soochow University, but he liked to talk about the righteousness of the nation to his students. The paper he gave to his students was "On Li Zicheng and Hu Linyi", which means that Li Zicheng, who destroyed the Ming Dynasty, was better than Hu Linyi, who worked hard to protect the foreign country. Zhang Taiyan initiated the Congress in Japan to commemorate the death of China. Cai Jun, the Minister of the Qing Dynasty in Japan, was horrified when he learned about it, and asked the Tokyo police department to order the dissolution of the Congress.The Japanese police summoned Zhang Taiyan and others. Zhang and the others "went together as promised, and only Taiyan and Chen Taochi were dressed in fancy clothes. Taiyan's long coat with big sleeves and hand-operated feather fan attracted the attention of passers-by."The Japanese policeman asked Zhang and others from which province in the Qing Dynasty?Zhang replied: "We are from China, not from the Qing Dynasty." The Japanese police were surprised: "What class are you in the country? The gentry or the common people?" Zhang replied: "The survivors." The police had no choice but to let him go back. (Here, Zhang Taiyan’s so-called “Chinese people” is a term deliberately aimed at the Qing Dynasty, which is not the same as the scornful name Japan gave to our country later; while his self-proclaimed “survivors” refers to the survivors of the Han Dynasty who rebelled against the rule of the Qing Dynasty. )

Before the founding of the Republic of China, there was a meeting to discuss the national flag.Sun Yat-sen proposed to use the sunny day and white sun flag, Huang Xing advocated the well-tac-toe flag, Yuan Shikai advocated the dragon flag, and Zhang Taiyan proposed to use the five-color flag of the Jiangsu-Zhejiang coalition army that first recovered Nanjing.Zhang said: "The five colors of red, yellow, blue, white, and black represent the five nationalities of Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, and Tibetan in our country, and imply the republic of the five ethnic groups." Therefore, the five-color flag became the national flag of the Republic of China until the 16th year of the Republic of China. Use the blue sky and white sun flag instead.

After the founding of the Republic of China, Zhang Taiyan strongly felt the weakness of the Nanjing Provisional Government, and various propositions and plans he put forward were not adopted.In this matter, he hopes to end the situation of the division between the North and the South as soon as possible, and jointly resist foreign humiliation.Finally, in order to realize his political ambitions, after weighing the comparison, he pinned his hopes on Yuan Shikai.So Zhang Taiyan began to shake the pen in his hand, waved the flag for Yuan Shikai, attacked the revolutionaries of the Tongmenghui, and called them "group thieves" who "steal like rats and dogs".But when Yuan Shikai came to power as he wished and began to conspire to become emperor, Liang Qichao, Zhang Taiyan and other talents woke up like a dream, too late to regret.At this time, Zhang realized that the revolutionaries must reunite, so he took the initiative to find Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing and others, and began to discuss how to deal with Yuan Shikai's conspiracy.

After Yuan Shikai came to power, he gave Zhang Taiyan a vacant position: "the three eastern provinces to prepare frontier envoys", and allocated him 10,000 yuan as a fee.Zhang was full of ambition and went to Jilin to take up his post. He published such proclamations as "Advising the Fathers and Fathers of Northeast China" and "Four Strategies for Planning and Envoys".Unexpectedly, when he first arrived in the Northeast, he would be greeted coldly, and no one would greet him. He summoned Meng Xianyi of Southwest Jilin Province and De Yangyuan, the prefect of Changchun, but they ignored him.Zhang was so angry that he went to Chen Zhaochang, the governor of Jilin, and said: "The envoys are dignified officials of the country. If they are not passed on, they have no official envoys and no republic!" Chen Zhaochang knew Yuan's intentions and did not care about Zhang. Zhang respectfully treats him with food and drink, and finally sends Zhang Li out of the country.At this point, if Zhang Cairuo realized something, he was quite disappointed with Yuan.

When Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing and others launched the "second revolution" against Yuan Shikai, Zhang Taiyan had already parted ways with them.In the early days of the founding of the Republic of China, although Zhang Taiyan was a veteran of the revolution, his opinions were not accepted, so he was quite dissatisfied with the original revolutionary comrades Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing.But what was unexpected was that he had always had a good impression of Li Yuanhong who was dragged out from under the bed by soldiers of the rebellious new army. Political views, nothing more than 'the president must be Ligong'." When Zhang Taiyan wrote the preface to Liu Chengyu's "Hongxian Chronicle Poems", he explained Yuan Shikai's Hongxian as: "Yuan Shikai was named Hongwu after Ming Taizu. The Manchu Qing Dynasty took the Taiping Army as its strong enemy, and its leader was Hong Ye. Li Yuanhong, the initiator of Wuchang, If you want to use its name to defeat it with disgust, it is called Hongxian in Jianyuan." Zhang Taiyan went to Tang Jiyao to lobby Tang, and found that Tang had no sincerity in sending troops, and that the order under Tang rule was chaotic and smoky, and he was quite disappointed.So, he carried a lantern in the daytime and strolled through the market. The words "Secretary Seal of the Generalissimo's Mansion" were written on the lantern, which aroused crowds of onlookers.Someone asked him why, and he said: "The place where opium is planted is pitch-black. How can we walk without lighting?" There is also a saying that Zhang lit red lanterns at the door. In 1920, Zhang Taiyan changed from initially opposing the warlord separatism to supporting the warlord separatism, and put forward the idea of ​​"inter-provincial self-government, vain government council".In the following year, Li Yuanhong became president, Zhang Taiyan received an honor, preached "inter-provincial autonomy" everywhere, and advocated "moving the capital to Wuhan in the south". In September 1923, "Hua Guo Monthly" was founded in Shanghai, with Zhang Taiyan as the president. The purpose of the magazine was to carry forward the "national heritage" and save "people's hearts". In 1924, the first National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang was held, and a declaration was issued to realize the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.Instigated by the rightists of the Kuomintang, Feng Youyou, Ju Zheng and others, Zhang Taiyan publicly expressed his opposition to the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.Zhang Taiyan said that the Three People's Principles implemented by Chiang Kai-shek are "traitorism, party rule and people's livelihood." In March 1925, Sun Yat-sen died of illness, and his coffin was transported to Nanjing to enshrine the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.Zhang Taiyan made a special trip to Nanjing to express condolences and participate in the Feng'an ceremony.After Zhang Taiyan arrived in Nanjing, dignitaries hosted a banquet to welcome him.During the banquet, someone asked Zhang to write an inscription as a souvenir.Zhang recalled what he had seen and heard along the way, and deeply felt that many revolutionaries had become corrupt, so he wrote a pair of couplets with his pen: "All kings and dogs jump, and Si Jun weeps bitterly; dragons and tigers are here, and the ancients are false. "When everyone saw it, they looked at each other. Zhang Taiyan once wrote a couplet to mourn Sun Yat-sen: "The whole country is exhausted from the Soviet Union, and Chihua is not as good as Chen Duxiu; all the courts are righteous sons, and Biyun should succeed Wei Zhongxian." Because of Biyun Temple, it will be expanded by the eunuch Wei Zhongxian in the next year, and a tomb will be built here. Buried here after death.After Wei Zhongxian hanged himself, his henchman Ge Jiusi entered Beijing with the Qing army in 1644 and built Wei's clothes tomb here. In 1925, after Sun Yat-sen passed away in Beijing, his coffin was parked in the back hall of the temple, so the hall was later renamed Zhongshan Hall.Later, Sun Yat-sen's tomb was built under the Vajra Throne Pagoda in the temple.Zhang Taiyan opposed the Communist Party and was dissatisfied with the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, so he used this alliance to scold those who respected Sun Yat-sen as the adopted sons of Wei Zhongxian. In 1927, Zhang Taiyan was named by the Provisional Executive Committee of the Shanghai Municipal Party Headquarters of the Kuomintang as the No. 1 School Boss, and he was wanted by the Central Committee of the Kuomintang. In 1935, He Yingqin, the representative of the national government, signed the "He Mei Agreement" with Yoshijiro Umezu of Japan. Zhang Taiyan was very indignant at this agreement that humiliated the country and humiliated the power. , and try to get a blue vision." The irony of the Nationalist government's undefended defense in the Huaihe River area was that it easily lost the Central Plains, but it was still indifferent.