Chapter 8 Chapter Six Anti-Coup d'état during the Reform Movement of 1898

On January 2, 1898, the river will freeze over. Kang Youwei's heart was also frozen.When he was about to go home for the New Year, he had all his luggage in the car, and Weng Tonghe played "Xiao He Chasing Han Xin" and finally kept Kang Changsu. It is hard to imagine that such a touching scene would happen between two people with high self-esteem, but Weng Tonghe came all the way, and what came to mind was the heartfelt words just made by Hurd, Director of the General Taxation Department of the Customs: It all depends on what can actually be done in the future.Today's losses are irrelevant if you are determined to start serious reforms tomorrow.Otherwise, it's just a piece of meat thrown at the wolves, so that they can't catch up temporarily until the horse is exhausted.

The reputation of Nanhai has long been in the emperor's heart, and with Weng Tonghe's strong recommendation, Guangxu, who is eager to seek treatment, is ready to summon him immediately. Yixin tugged at the dragon robe: No way. Only officials of the fourth rank and above in the Qing Dynasty could be summoned by the emperor, and Kang Youwei, a sixth-rank head of the Ministry of Industry, was not included.Of course, with Yixin's enlightenment, stopping Guangxu was obviously not for following the ancestral system, but for protection. Given that there are many people who are unhappy with Kang Youwei, Yixin's concerns are by no means mediocre.

The great-grandfather (grandfather of the grandfather) of Xu Shaoxiong, an old TVB drama star, and Xu Yingguo, who was then the Minister of the Ministry of Industry, hated Kang Youwei extremely, and tried every means to prevent him from meeting Guangxu. understandable.Regardless of far and wide hatred, no leader can stand a subordinate who is more casual at work than surfing the Internet. Years of struggle experience have allowed Yixin to understand Cixi better than Cixi, so when Guangxu tried to use the Supervising Military Affairs Department to build the Air Force Air Force Department, the first person who thought of forming a cabinet was this uncle who had been away from politics for many years.

Yixin sympathized with and supported Guangxu. His solution was to use the Zongli Yamen to block him first, and ask Kang Youwei for questioning.This will not leave any grounds for the opposition, and Li Hongzhang, who is in charge of the general administration, has always agreed with reform. limited. On January 24th, Kang Youwei's talk show at Zongli Yamen. Rong Lu: "The law of the ancestors cannot be changed." Kang Youwei: "The law of the ancestors is used to manage the land left by the ancestors. If the land can't be guarded, why talk about the laws of the ancestors? For example, the yamen that handles diplomacy is not part of the law of the ancestors. It’s just a matter of convenience.”

Liao Shouheng asked how to reform. Kang Youwei: "The revision of the law and the official system should be the priority." Li Hongzhang: "Are all the six ministries abolished, and all the rules and regulations abolished?" Kang Youwei: "Today's disputes among the nations are no longer a unified world, but laws and official systems still follow those of the unified era. They don't know that these are the things that weaken China. Even if they can't be completely abolished for a while, they should be revised accordingly. The New Deal clears the way."

Weng Tonghe asked where the funds were raised. Kang Youwei: "Bank of Japan's banknotes, French stamp duty, and Indian land tax, as large as China, as long as the system is changed, the income can be equivalent to ten times today's." Then he explained the reform methods of schools, agriculture and commerce, industry and mining, railways, postal services, associations, navy and army in different categories, holding Rong Lu to leave midway. Finally, the new works "Research on the Political Change in Japan" and "Records of the Political Change in Russia" are presented for reference.

That night, Weng Tonghe used two words in his diary to describe Kang Youwei's performance during the day: crazy. From this moment on, Master Weng could no longer keep up with the young emperor's galloping pace. Guangxu's sudden change in desire cannot be interpreted as Meng Lang, it is indeed because His Majesty knelt down too many trash. Since most of the Manchu chiefs in various ministries were illiterate and had no chance of being released and promoted, the imperial court often let the Manchu chiefs who had been through for many years be censors to show preferential treatment.

As a result, the average educational level of officials in the Metropolitan Procuratorate was directly lowered. When the Sino-Japanese War was in full swing, one morning at the court, Wang Yirong, the Guozijian sacrificial wine and the discoverer of oracle bone inscriptions, discussed military affairs with his colleagues outside the Meridian Gate. Tan Daoji was a famous general in the Song Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Wang Yirong used this to refer to Dong Fuxiang, Zuo Zongtang's favorite general and the leader of the Gan army who guarded Xinjiang all the year round.Unexpectedly, a full censor heard the words and came over and asked how to write the word "Tan Daoji".

Wang Yirong gave him a look of disdain, and wrote casually. Man Yushi ran home happily, and Guangxu received a memorial the next day, writing: Please use Tan Daoji quickly... I was so angry that my chest was tight, and I received another discount: There are two big countries in the northeast of Japan, Burma and Cochin (Vietnam). The land is several times larger than Japan. ... From this, it is not difficult to imagine the scene where Guangxu's heart was surging when he read the provocative Kang Zhuo. Equally excited was Cixi, who was holding Kang and holding "Poland's Partition and Destruction", she burst into tears.

What happened in the Year of 1898 once again confirmed Cixi's position: to reform, but not to threaten her own power and the rule of the Manchus.Therefore, she said to Guangxu: "If you don't burn the ancestral tablets or cut your hair braids, you can just do it, and I don't care." The problem is that Kang Youwei saw that Guangxu kept urging his own treatises, so he simply said "small changes are worse than complete changes, and slow changes are worse than sudden changes". And open system bureau. One from the breadth (Shlin) and the other from the depth (high level) offended everyone completely.

The institutional bureau is an "imported product" imported from Japan, designed by Kang Youwei, and the sword is cutting Cixi's taboo (luan). The Central System Bureau presided over by the emperor consists of twelve special bureaus (legal bureau, tax bureau, school bureau, agriculture and commerce bureau, engineering bureau, mining administration bureau, railway bureau, post office, mint bureau, travel bureau, social bureau, military equipment Bureau), the local "Tao" level set up a New Political Bureau, and the county level set up a Civil Affairs Bureau, completely removing all levels of officials from the Military Aircraft Department, the Sixth Ministry to the local Dao county. Until this time, all the layers of masks worn on Kang Youwei’s face were revealed: he was neither a revolutionary party who overthrew the monarch, nor a reformist who demanded a parliament, nor was he a traditional scholar-bureaucrat who followed Confucius and Mencius, but A legalist hero who is superstitious about power and wants to take Weng Tonghe and replace him. Kang Youwei, who was about to climb to the top, stood facing the wind, overlooking all living beings, with an expression of worrying about the country and the people, and said vicissitudes: China only governs the world with the power of the monarch. If it is vigorous and resolute, it will be achieved in three months, and it will be effective in three years. Weng Tonghe immediately realized that the danger was close at hand. Although Cixi can be so enlightened as to hire an English teacher for Guangxu, the red line of power must never be touched. Once the reform slips into the wrong path of party struggle, there will be no chance of turning back.At that time, as the leader of the imperial party and the introducer of Kang Youwei, Weng Tonghe will bear the brunt of it. After reading "Xinxue Apocryphal Classics", Weng Tonghe began to reject Kang Youwei from the bottom of his heart, calling him "Jingjia and a wild fox". After comparing the publicly released and Jincheng Guangxu editions of "Confucius Restructuring", Weng Tonghe had serious doubts about Kang Youwei's character. Whether to open a parliament or open a system, the paths taken by the two can be described as completely different.One promotes civil rights, and the other consolidates monarchy. Kang Youwei talked about parliament and constitutionalism before and after the 1898 year, but he violently opposed it during the 1898 year. Hu Hanmin, the backbone of the Tongmenghui, pointed out sharply: Wouldn't it be an honor to be appointed as a member of the nobility by an imperial decree because of a low official position or because of the constitutional provisions?And the special summons, thinking that the future can be used to great effect, how many statements should be used during the reform, as a new government important person, why not worry about the big position?Wouldn't it be inconvenient if he held the power of the government but was supervised by the House of Representatives? Kang Youwei also understood that Chao Qin and Chu Chu were using the truth, so he wantonly falsified the historical truth in the "Records of the Reform Movement of 1898" published in the future. Take "The Sixth Book of the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty" as an example.The original compromising position of the System Bureau was to "deliberate on the appropriateness of the old system and the new policy", but the false compromise became "discussing the new policy and drafting the constitution". Not only that, but the fake book also included a large description of the Western political system that was not mentioned in the original book: "Tai and Western discuss politics, and they all talk about the three powers. There are officials who discuss politics, officials who administer, and officials who judiciary .The three powers are established and then the government system is prepared..." How many politicians think that as long as their evil deeds are kept secret enough, they can escape the judgment of history.Little do they know that under the precipitation of time, both good and evil are exposed. Weng Tonghe, who recognized Kang Youwei's true face in Lushan, slammed on the brakes, and said "no relationship with Kang" when Guangxu asked him for Kang's work again. Guangxu was taken aback, and asked why, Weng Tonghe replied, "This person has ulterior motives." The emperor was furious on the spot: You recommended me with ulterior motives? He suppressed his anger and asked Weng Tonghe to inform Zhang Yinhuan——bypass your head office, right? Unexpectedly, Weng still refused, and asked instead: "Zhang is here every day, why don't you ask me?" This is a bit disrespectful. The age gap of forty years, the generation gap is deep enough to make the father and son feel like strangers. The carve-up crisis gradually changed Weng Tonghe's thinking. He even wanted to entrust Hannagan with carte blanche to train soldiers. In his writings, the British envoy Bacharley was "the most abominable hypocrisy (nie ru, hesitatingly)", the Japanese envoy Shiota Saburo was "shabby and cunning", and only the American envoy John Yang was "respectful".When Zeng Jize dealt with foreign guests, he "speaks the barbarian language and chirps (birds) endlessly". Not only that, Weng Tonghe also wrote a diplomatic event as "the ministers of various countries came to pay homage at noon (do not write "visit"). A group of geese and ducks are mixed (ta, messy)".Write the end of the meeting as "the envoy retires, and the rest leave at once." Such an old man who compares dealing with foreigners to "being in the midst of wolves, tigers and leopards in the sun", and the contradiction with Guangxu is more like the difference between the two eras. Its focus is on diplomatic etiquette. After the Second Opium War, the great powers successively sent envoys to the Qing court.Difficult and tortuous negotiations were launched between China and foreign countries around the etiquette when the envoys met the Qing emperor, and finally ended in the twelfth year of Tongzhi (1873) with the surrender of the Qing government. In February of that year, Tongzhi came to power.In June, the envoys of the five western countries met the emperor at Ziguang Pavilion in Zhongnanhai by bowing instead of kneeling. In 1898, faced with the situation where the walls were toppled and pushed by everyone, Guangxu endured humiliation and steadily improved diplomatic etiquette to bring it into line with international standards. In April, when Prince Henry of Germany visited Beijing, Guangxu allowed him to enter Donghua Gate in a sedan chair, and planned to meet him in Yuqing Palace.However, Weng Tonghe, who had just experienced the Jiaozhou crisis and was fed up with German birds, expressed strong opposition. In the same month, when accepting the letter of credence from the Russian envoy, Guangxu no longer ordered Yikuang who was next to him to forward it, but ordered him to go directly to Dan Bi to put it in front of his case. Zhang Yinhuan was the only one who knew about such an act of arrogance without discussing it with the Prime Minister's Office or saying hello to Yikuang. This made Weng Tonghe suspicious of Zhang's intentions. It just so happened that Xu Tong participated in Zhang Yinhuan's "seeking only profit", and Guangxu asked Weng Tonghe to protect him, but Weng Jian refused.The two were at a stalemate, and the dispute was fierce. The real fatal blow was Yixin's last words. Cixi and Guangxu visited Yixin, who was critically ill. When he asked about courtiers who could be reused, he recommended four people: Li Hongzhang, Zhang Zhidong, Ronglu and Yulu. Guangxu tentatively mentioned Weng Tonghe, and Yixin sat up startled in a dying illness like a conditioned reflex, and instantly erupted the grievances against Weng for years of obstructing Westernization and blindly leading the war: "Gathering the iron of Kyushu can't make such a big mistake!" In May, Yixin passed away, and Guangxu officially showed his cards to Cixi. The two made a political deal: Cixi acquiesced to Guangxu's reform, and Guangxu fired Weng Tonghe and abolished the Military Affairs Office. It was Gang Yi (1837-1900), Minister of Military Aircraft, who made Cixi decide to get rid of Weng Tonghe. This person's reaction is rare in the world. There have been sayings such as "If the Han people are strong, the Manchus will perish" and "It is better to give gifts to allies than to be slaves." He is arrogant and domineering.There is a saying in the market: talking to yourself, you are just a privy, and you act arbitrarily and arbitrarily. Privy Gang is by no means the vulgar and ignorant image in "Towards the Republic". He was thoughtful and thoughtful, and he once specially made an exquisite iron screen with twelve carved patterns to celebrate the Queen Mother's birthday. The problem is that Chinese and foreign donations pile up like a mountain, and Cixi has long been numb, and any tricks and tricks can't arouse her interest at all.In order to attract attention, he resolutely sprinkled money, bribed the eunuchs, and placed the screen where the queen mother must pass in the inner palace. As expected, it attracted Cixi's attention and ordered it to be moved to the bedroom... The power vacuum left behind by Yixin's death spurs her fortitude.He colluded with Li Lianying to frame Cixi in various ways, and finally overthrew Weng Tonghe. On June 11, 1898, Guangxu promulgated the "Dingguo Shizhao", which opened the curtain of the Reform Movement of 1898. Two days later, Xu Zhijing, the acting Minister of Rites, Baozhao Kang Youwei, Zhang Yuanji, Huang Zunxian, Tan Sitong, and Liang Qichao as "talents who understand current affairs", and Guangxu wanted to summon him, but Weng Tonghe once again pretended to be a snake. It's also the last time. June 15th is Weng Tonghe's birthday. At 1 o'clock in the morning, a drizzle began to fall outside the window, and Weng Tonghe, who was "overjoyed and sleepless", simply woke up early, kowtowed to Kong and entered the palace. The eunuch ordered Weng not to enter, and ordered his colleagues who came with him to enter. After waiting for an hour, the colleague came out to leave, and the eunuch read out the imperial decree: Weng Tonghe wrote the vacancy and returned home. There are two counts. First, there are too many things to do recently and no cooperation is allowed; second, happiness and anger can be seen in speech, gradually revealing the state of power. Weng Tonghe, a master of calligraphy of a generation, bid farewell to the political arena. Once upon a time, he was famous all over the world for rehabilitating the unjust case of Yang Naiwu and Xiaobaicai, thinking that he could make great achievements and recreate the mystery.Thinking about it now, God reminded him with one thing: Actually, you can't do anything. It was a loan against a foreign bank.A subordinate of the household department quietly told Weng Tonghe that the person who handled the matter received a lot of kickbacks. Weng Tonghe was furious, and immediately played to Guangxu, demanding that those who share food and kickbacks be strictly investigated, so as to suppress the court. Unexpectedly, when he was interviewed the next day, Guangxu shook his head helplessly: "There is no need to pursue what happened yesterday." Only then did I know that Cixi also received kickbacks. Weng Tonghe was speechless. After losing power this time, he truly experienced the indifference of the officialdom to those who were out of the game.No one spoke for him, no one saw him off.When he transferred to Tianjin, he finally received a letter of consolation and a bank note of great value. It was actually the warmth from Yuan Shikai, who was not close to him, at a time when his relationship was cold. Weng Tonghe burst into tears.He returned the banknote and left the letter. History turns on this day. Since the Westernization Movement, the rulers of the late Qing Dynasty had to face a reality that they should not only reuse talents such as Li Hongzhang, but also prevent them from becoming big. After the Sino-Japanese War, the local forces represented by Beiyang were declared shattered, and how to "rebuild the central government" became the core national issue. One possibility that is full of imagination is that Guangxu establishes authority and realizes pro-government in the true sense, but it is the unsatisfactory Weng Tonghe who leads this great mission. But in any case, the political experience of being at the helm smoothly is unmatched by the young and radical Kang Party.Therefore, the intergenerational break caused by Weng's departure from Kanglai made the big ship of the Qing court suddenly turbulent. At the same time as Weng Tonghe opened the vacancy, there were two other decrees: 1. Wang Wenshao transferred Beijing to fill the vacancies left behind by Weng, Minister of Military Aircraft, Minister of the General Administration, and Minister of the Ministry of Households, and Rong Lu replaced the Governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang; Newly-appointed second-rank and above officials must thank the Queen Mother. It can be seen that in order to be able to operate independently, Guangxu signed the Overlord Contract with Cixi. Needless to say the second.And the first one, after the Supervising Military Affairs Office was abolished, the Xiaozhan New Army was directly under the Beiyang Minister.The purpose of putting Ronglu, the queen's door god, in this position is self-evident. In the adjusted Military Aircraft Department, the fortitude continues to be strong, Yulu's attitude is not clear, Wang Wenshao is soy sauce, Qian Yingpu is old and sick all the year round, and Liao Shouheng, who supports the reform, is left alone. Guangxu's biggest failure was his prejudice and his refusal to use Li Hongzhang. Diplomacy depends on the General Administration, while internal affairs depend on military aircraft.Li Hongzhang once told people in private that Kang Youwei abolished stereotyped writing because he did what he wanted to do but did not dare to do. Indeed, thirty years ago he believed that scholar-bureaucrats "do not use what they learn, and what they learn is not what they use." He went to the shuffle many times to test the possibility of the court's abolition of stereotypes, but he was reviled for "using the barbarians to change the summer". . Times have changed.Transferring such a person recommended by Yixin and trusted by Cixi from the minister of the General Administration to the foreman of the military aircraft will not encounter resistance, and it will provide an insurance for the reform. As a result, Li Hongzhang only got a medal and a piece of food from the Queen Mother as encouragement during the big change of the central government. On June 16, the Hall of Renshou in the Summer Palace.For the first and last time, Kang Youwei was summoned by Guangxu. Also in the garden were Rong Lu and Li Hongzhang who came to give thanks. In the court room, Kang Youwei and Rong Lu met on a narrow road.The latter said contemptuously: "With the talent of the master, there will be a way to remedy the current situation?" Kang replied that the law must be reformed. Rong Lu said contemptuously: "I already knew that the law should be changed, but the law that has been established for one or two hundred years can be changed in one morning?" Kang Youwei was furious, and said angrily: "Kill two senior members of the first and second ranks, and the law will change!" Rong Lu thought about how crazy you are without gaining power. If you really want to be in power, you can't have a sea of ​​blood? Li Hongzhang was present when he visited Cixi.Rong Lu insisted that Kang Youwei corrupted the government, and if the emperor listened to him too much, it would cause great harm. Fearing that the portion would not be enough, he looked at Li Hongzhang again and said that Li Xiang had experienced many things, which should be said by the queen mother. Li Hongzhang kowtowed immediately, calling the empress dowager a saint, and then knelt there without moving. Cixi sighed and said: "The son is old, how can he recognize his mother? In fact, it's good that I don't care. You are the governor, but do it according to what you know." After Li Hongzhang stepped back, his expression changed drastically, and he told Kang Youwei to remind him to be careful. Guangxu's summons lasted two hours.Kang Huyou succeeded in convincing the emperor that it is not necessary to dismiss the ministers for the reform, but only the ministers.Ministers have no work to do, no worries about losing their positions, and resentful speeches will naturally subside. Just wishful thinking. A few days later, the imperial edict awarded Kang Youwei the Prime Minister's Yamen Zhang Jingshang to walk on the fifth rank. Those who walk, walk when they have something to do, and walk when there is nothing to do, which is much lower than the expectations of the Kang Party.Liang Qichao commented: "The general administration's walking is ridiculous." Fortunately, I have been given the right to report the matter exclusively, so I don't need to rely on others to submit the report. Immediately afterwards, the useless stereotype that Kang Youwei called "sweeping the clouds and seeing the blue sky" was put on the agenda. On the day of his death, it was not at all like the "thunderous cheers" he had fooled, but it caused panic wider than bird flu. At that time, nearly 10,000 people gathered in the capital for the test, and there was only one topic of conversation for this group of people, which was to greet the female relatives of Kang Youwei's family. Also angry were the intellectuals of the Hanlin Academy, because there were rumors that the academy was also going to cut its staff -- the iron rice bowl would no longer be iron. Even Li Hongzhang was worried about Kang Youwei's personal safety, so Yu Shimei came to persuade him to hire bodyguards to prevent him from being stabbed. From Pu Songling to Wu Jingzi, there have been endless generations of people who hate stereotyped writing. The reason why Jiang Yue is only similar every year is because there is no better alternative. Kang Youwei's transformation of stereotyped essays into policy theory is not new, but because of its strong subjectivity, it caused serious difficulties in grading papers.Zhejiang Xuezheng Chen Xuefen was very stupid and naive. According to the facts, Guangxu criticized the sentence "Since you don't know how to read policy theory, don't inspect the school" and was immediately dismissed. This made the opposition feel sad. Xu Yingkui, who had moved to the Ministry of Rites, focused on education and obstructed it in every possible way. Yushi Yang Shenxiu and Song Bolu participated in his "circumstances" under Kang Youwei's instruction, and Guangxu was ready to stop one. Resolute interceded for him, but he refused.He also asked to "order him to defend", which he reluctantly agreed to. Xu Yingkui visited overnight to ask for advice, but resolutely passed on a bad move. While Shangshu was defending himself, Xu Yingkui criticized Kang Youwei wantonly.Anyway, Kang's bad things are rare, and there is no need to worry about no one forwarding them. Gangyi took advantage of the situation and went to Cixi's place to fan the flames, and finally made the punishment of Xu Yingku disappear. Stereotypes were abolished with great difficulty, and the system bureau involved smashing jobs, and even smashed a lot of them. No matter how you look at it, it feels like there is a thousand mountains and snows away from success. Moreover, because the reform was dragged into the track of party struggle, some reformists who originally supported the Kang Party also retreated or even defected. Kang Youwei didn't care.It’s rare to be determined by the emperor, and it’s worth dying if you’re addicted, and continued to add fuel to the flames: "The emperor doesn’t want to change the law and try to become stronger. If he wants to, the first thing is to start a system." Without the deceleration of Yixin and Weng Tonghe, Guangxu had no scruples, and submitted Kang Youwei's proposal to the more enlightened Prime Minister's Office for discussion than the Military Aircraft Department. Unexpectedly, Yikuang didn't dare to make the decision, let alone procrastinate for a long time, so he had to go to Cixi to set the tone. Cixi confessed to him: just refute things that are not feasible. As a result, the Zongli Yamen issued a refutation report against Kang Youwei, completely negating the institutional bureau. Guangxu slapped the case: "Do you want to do nothing? Reconsider!" Yikuang was shocked at the time. We had no choice but to ask foreign aid to share the risk, and asked Emperor Jian to send a military minister to discuss it together. This trick is ruthless, except for Liao Shouheng in the Military Aircraft Division, everyone has a grudge against Kang Youwei.Even a soy sauce man like Wang Wenshao, who was not offended by anyone, stood up with his fists clenched. After all, the military aircraft department would be abolished as soon as the system bureau opened—the soy sauce with a hammer without the soy sauce bottle? But Guangxu had to agree.Over the years, the governors from all over the country have developed the habit of following the lead of the governor of Zhili.Rong Lu didn't move, and no one dared to move rashly except the rightist Chen Baozhen. Therefore, the General Administration received an imperial decree agreeing to the request but hiding the needle in the cotton: Discuss in earnest, not empty talk. In this critical autumn of life and death, the military ministers who were originally the best fighting in the nest joined hands and united together, preparing to resist the purpose of "opening the system". Wang Wenshao coughed, and objected: Be careful, the dog jumps over the wall in a hurry, forcing the emperor to use a big killer. It refers to Guangxu's unique ultimate skill - Mingfa Shangyu.Once it is launched, it will bypass the military aircraft department, and the cabinet will draft an order, announce it to the world, and pay it to the world.At that time, everything will be overwhelmed. Judging from the flawed personality of Guangxu who has been moody since he was a child, and smashed glass to smash himself at every turn, it is not impossible. Everyone looked at Wang Wenshao as if waking up from a dream. Master Wang only threw out one word: grinding. Aren't you going to set up a legal bureau?Then I will first recruit officials from various ministries to revise the laws; don't you want all scholars and people to write a letter?Then I will be transferred to the yamen of the headquarters instead of an official, and the civil servants will be transferred to the Metropolitan Procuratorate. In short, big things are done small, and all kinds of foreign work are done. Under strong urging, finally opened a Bureau of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce.It is not difficult to see from the name that Guangxu, who was frightened, merged the Agricultural and Commercial Bureau and the Public Works Bureau in the original Twelfth Special Bureau. Xu Yingku was not idle either, mobilizing the navy to spread rumors. The rumor originated from Kang Youwei's whimsical idea: to turn all temples across the country into schools. It was exaggerated at first, but under the interpretation of Xu Yingkui, it became a political conspiracy film mixed with religious elements: Kang Youwei offered the potion, Guangxu's temperament changed drastically after taking it, and he became very irritable. He began to set up chapels in the palace, and joined Catholicism. Although it is even more absurd than "Waiting for Godot", when it comes to the violent actions such as changing the country's name from "Qing" to "Zhonghua", Kang Youwei has done a lot, and the masses will believe it. The confusion divided the Kang party.Shen Zengzhi was deeply worried that the reform would be destroyed because of Kang Youwei's recklessness; both Zhang Yuanji and Liang Qichao advised him to retreat bravely; his younger brother Kang Guangren even wrote to complain: The scale is too large, the ambition is too sharp, too many people are involved, the comrades are too lonely, and the leaders have no power, how can they be successful? Kang Youwei became a living target, and thousands of people beat the drum. For true reformists, this is actually a good thing. For example, Cen Chunxuan (1861-1933), the Shaoqing of Taipusi (the second in command of the highest management organization and the fourth rank), never participated in the quarrel, but saw the timing of the fight between the snipe and the clam, and made a memorial to abolish and merge the government office. After reading the performance, Guangxu asked Li Hongzhang to draw up a blacklist, and all those on the list were revoked. Guanglu Temple (banquet), Honglu Temple (welcome guests), Taichang Temple (sacrifice), Dali Temple and Hubei The governors of the three provinces of Guangdong, Yunnan, and Guangdong are redundant. Of course, the opposition, who did not know the truth, blamed Kang Youwei again. Nearly 10,000 people were fired at one time, and the government and the public were shocked.The evaluation of foreign media is: set off a revolution in Chinese political circles. When Liao Shouheng approached Kang Youwei and asked him to persuade Guangxu to quell the turmoil in the court, he found that Kang Shengren didn't mind taking the blame for others, and added fuel to the fire by saying: "If you don't cut it, you will do it. If you want to cut it, you will cut it all." Wang Zhao, head of the Ministry of Rites, sensed a way to break the ice: Instead of letting the opposition go to rely on Cixi and form a huge force, it is better to take the initiative to give up the good name of the reform to the Queen Mother.Cixi has a good name and always likes to talk about reforms. In this way, the emperor's ambition can be displayed, but the stubborn party loses its support. Kang Youwei objected on the spot, saying that the Empress Dowager had withdrawn the curtain for a long time and she was no longer allowed to take charge of the government.Moreover, according to the ancestral system of the Qing Dynasty, ministers were not allowed to talk about the palace, and those who committed it were punished with death. Now the ancestral system has been moved out. It turns out that the ancestral system is used to suppress people. Wang Zhao ignored it, and went directly to the evacuation: "Please ask the emperor to send the empress dowager to visit Japan to know the reason for its rise. Then, according to the empress dowager's wishes, tell the subjects to change the atmosphere." As a result, a ticking time bomb exploded. As an official of the Ministry of Rites, it was originally Xu Yingguo's responsibility to submit the memorial on behalf of the officials of the headquarters, but he suppressed Wang Zhao's papers for a month, until the person concerned asked about it, and then perfunctory with the excuse of "there are many assassins in Japan, it is inconvenient to visit" . The two immediately scolded each other and roared in court.Wang Zhao accused Xu Yingkui of disobeying the emperor's will to speak out, and threatened to ask the Metropolitan Procuratorate to deliver it on his behalf.Seeing that he couldn't hold back, Xu Yingkui had no choice but to submit it, but the accompanying note said: "I invite you to travel abroad, An Zhi, isn't he harboring evil intentions?" Guangxu was furious on the spot, and angrily dismissed two ministers of the Ministry of Rites (one man and one Han) and four servants, a total of six hall officials. There are pros and cons to this move.The advantage is to warn others, but the disadvantage is to harm the innocent.Man Shangshu Huaitabu personally experienced how there would be no eggs if the nest was overturned. This person almost never went to work, and Wang Zhao never saw a single word of his notes.As a result, people sat at home, disaster came from heaven, and they were dismissed. In sharp contrast to this is Wang Zhao, who was praised by Guangxu as "brave and commendable" and then awarded the third rank Dingdai. Xu Zhijing also removed the "acting agent" and officially became the minister of the Ministry of Rites. At the same time, Zhang Jing, who appointed Tan Sitong, Yang Rui, Lin Xu, and Liu Guangdi as the fourth-rank military aircraft, thoroughly announced to the world: I have the final say. Both Yang Rui and Liu Guangdi were not members of the Kang Party, but reformers recommended by Zhang Zhidong to Guangxu.Lin Xu was born in Juren, the youngest (23 years old), but the most active. The promotion of the four made Kang Youwei, who had no chance to see Guangxu again, vomit bitterly: In fact, you are already in the position of prime minister, but you have no prestige, and you don't look like a prime minister. Although the dismissal of the six officials of the Ministry of Rites had the effect of knocking mountains and shaking tigers, and for a while the words were open, but because they did not ask Cixi for instructions in advance, they actually violated the contract. In addition, Waitab's wife is not a fuel-efficient lamp. She serves the Empress Dowager all year round, and it seems that she goes to the Summer Palace to follow her own home.After some crying (provoking that the emperor wanted to eliminate the Manchus), Cixi had a new idea. Thus, a game of "Finding Ronglu in Difficulty" was staged. The reason for looking for Ronglu is to look at the military power of the Beiyang ministers at this time: Dong Fuxiang's Gan Army, Song Qing's Yi Army, Nie Shicheng's Wu Yi Army, and Yuan Shikai's new army. The entire elite of the national defense force. First, Huaitabu visited Tianjin at night to find Ronglu, and then Yang Chongyi, a conservative writer, looked for Ronglu, all related to inviting Cixi to come out to teach politics.The former seeks opinions, while the latter tests the tone. Yang Chongyi's son married Li Hongzhang's granddaughter (the daughter of Li Jingfang), who was originally in-laws.But when he rallied a group of conservatives to invite the Queen Mother to teach the government to show Li Hongzhang, Li refused to sign. Soon, Yang Chongyi and others released another rumor, saying that Cixi and Ronglu conspired to take advantage of the Tianjin military parade in September to abolish and establish a major event. Such an absurd scene, even the filming of "Guangxu Dynasty" will be cut off by the investors because of the large scene, difficult scheduling, and huge cost.Hu Hanmin later mocked: The queen mother really wants to harm the emperor, and one dose of arsenic is enough.In the season when Liu Fei was out for hunting, killing Guangxu in a place with thousands of troops, what is this called? The reason why it became more and more popular was that even Guangxu expressed nervously, "I will not go to Tianjin to the death." Because the conservatives have too much resentment, they dream of similar scenes in their dreams. Almost directly said "Lafayette told me personally". Kang Youwei was nervous and excited: finally found an incomparable reason for uniting the front—help. Of course, according to his consistent way of thinking, it is not enough to save the car, and the offense must be the defense - the side of Qing Jun. In Kang Youwei's view, there was no hope for Rong Lu, and the hope of getting involved in the army had to be pinned on Nie Shicheng and Yuan Shikai, who were open-minded and supported the overly strong society. Nie Shicheng was the admiral of Zhili at that time, and he and Wang Zhao were brothers. Kang Youwei's plan was: Let Xu Zhijing persuade Wang Zhao to go to Nie Shicheng, first obtain his consent, then call him into the pilgrimage, and appoint the governor of Zhili to replace Rong Lu. Stuck on the first step. Wang Zhao insisted that Cixi and Guangxu were purely family disputes and could have been reconciled.As a result, Kang Youwei turned it into a party struggle, and now he still wants to start a war. He has no conscience and refuses on the spot. Xu Zhijing reprimanded him with the attitude of someone who has experienced it: "You have received the emperor's great favor, and instead of taking advantage of this plan to repay you, you are thinking about your family and life. Can you feel at ease?" Wang Zhao retorted: "La Huang went up to take risks, and I feel even more uneasy. I, Wang Zhao, will never be Fan Ju." In desperation, Kang Youwei bet his treasure on Yuan Datou. Xu Zhijing's nephew Xu Renlu was sent to Xiaozhan to test Yuan Shikai's attitude. It stands to reason that the big head has a good impression of Xu Zhijing, after all, he once sponsored himself: (Yuan Shikai's military training) Rewards and punishments are up to the public, and orders are solemn. When one raises one's foot, all hands are fired together, and when one raises a gun, ten thousand guns are fired at the same time.Walk like a rushing wave, stand like a tree. But Xu Renlu came up and instigated Kang Youwei's instructions: "I, Zhuo Ru (Liang Qichao) and Fusheng (Tan Sitong) recommended you to the emperor many times. The emperor told me that Rong Lu said that you are domineering and cannot be used. Discord?" Yuan Shikai pretended to be amazed and said: "Before Weng Changshu wanted to increase my number of soldiers, but Rong Lu said that the Han people should not be allowed to have military power. Changshu said that Zeng and Zuo were also Han people, so why can't they command the soldiers? But Ronglu After all, it still refuses to increase!" Seeing that Xu Renlu believed it was true, he used his plan and complained to him that the soldiers he trained were only 7,000, and his strength was weak. Ten times as much as me, only to die and serve." After saying that, I burst into tears. Yuan Shikai disapproved of Kang Youwei's self-serving reforms, which were called reforms but actually seized power. It's easy to understand.Even if it is changed, it has nothing to do with his long-cherished wish to die, and may even run counter to it. But unlike Kang Youwei, Datou will never easily offend anyone in the officialdom, after all, this is China. Not to mention the celebrities around the emperor. So there was a recommendation drafted by Kang Youwei and played in the name of Xu Zhijing. After praising Yuan Datou's good people and good deeds, he asked for an official for him (giving him the position of a feudal official, or changing him to the post of an official of the six departments, so that he can be alone). Guangxu had always had a good impression of Yuan Shikai, so it was convenient for him to come to Beijing to see him that day. Wang Zhao was shocked when he heard about it, and ran to question Xu Zhijing.Xu Zhi hesitated and said: "The purpose of summoning Yuan to Beijing is to resist foreign aggression." This is really ashes to ashes, do you think I am two hundred and five? Once Guangxu gets involved in the army, the situation will be out of control. The problem is that in the eyes of the old boy Kang Youwei, youth is about running wildly and then falling magnificently, and no one can stop his enthusiasm for running all the way. So there was the Maoqin Hall that embellished flowers and trees. This hall is used as the emperor's study room, and its name is more classical (Mao Xue Di Qin Zheng).Kang Youwei felt that the word "Institutional Bureau" was too foreign and attracted a lot of unnecessary criticism, so he simply kept Chen Cang in the dark and instructed Tan Sitong to push Guangxu to open the Maoqin Palace. Of course, it is also irresponsible to simply and rudely accuse Kang Youwei of changing the soup instead of the medicine.In fact, from the Bureau of Institutions to the Hall of Maoqin, people really added a dose of medicine—hiring foreign politicians into the decision-making levels of the court to discuss reforms.And put forward two candidates: Ito Hirobumi, who has just stepped down, and Timothy Lee, who has been in the perennial brigade. The repatriation of soldiers from abroad did hit Cixi's seven inches, but it also pushed the dispute between the emperor and empress to the brink of life and death. On September 11, Ito Hirobumi arrived in Tianjin and visited China in a private capacity. This immediately "founded" a rumor that Ito was seduced by Kang Youwei and would serve as Minister of Military Affairs. The rumors were so deeply rooted in the hearts of the officials that many governors who came to Beijing to meet their majesty gloated and said to the military commanders: "Masters, please serve the new officials well." Rong Lu hosted a banquet in Beiyang Hospital to welcome Ito. During the banquet, Yuan Shikai noticed that Rong Lu always had a long face, and he excused himself to leave before the banquet was over. At the same time, Tang Caichang, a martial arts hero from Hunan, and Bi Yongnian, Tan Sitong's sworn brother, arrived in Beijing in a low-key manner. On September 13th, when Wang Zhaozheng and Xu Zhijing were reviewing the manuscript, Kang Youwei ran in happily and said, "Tan Fusheng asked the emperor to open the Maoqin Palace, and it has been agreed to use ten consultants. Please recommend these ten people between you two." Wang Zhao: "I want to make an account today, but I don't have time." Kang Youwei: "The emperor will read it tonight, so what does it matter if you keep your notebook for a day?" Wang Zhao had no choice but to write the recommendation book separately with Xu Zhijing. At the same time, the apprehensive Yuan Shikai and Xu Shichang went to Beijing for an audience and stayed in Fahua Temple. On the same train, Ito Hirobumi and a mysterious passenger - Zhang Yi. On this trip, Zhang Yi brought along a secret letter written by Rong Lu to Yi Kuang, with the central idea of ​​eight words: the Empress Dowager educates the government, this is the time. September 14th is the day when Guangxu routinely went to the Summer Palace to pay respects to Empress Dowager Cixi. Seeing that Cixi was in good spirits until the banquet at the Yulan Hall, Guangxu finally plucked up the courage to propose the opening of the Maoqin Hall. According to historical records, "the queen mother did not answer, and her expression was abnormal." From the standpoint of Cixi, dismissing the six officials of the Ministry of Rites without authorization is a denial of her power.而同意开懋勤殿，更是将她和皇帝的权力关系来个一百八十度颠倒。 于是，积怒瞬间爆发。 争吵中，慈禧放出狠话：“若再越出权限，则皇位不能保。” 光绪慌了。 恭王已死，庆王疏远，对李鸿章又放不下成见，这才发现想调停都没有合适的人选。 随驾值班的杨锐尚算老成，早年被张之洞誉为“当代苏轼”，颇为倚重。光绪只好让他拟了一道密诏，内称自己日思尽变旧法，尽黜昏庸之人，但恨权力不足。果真如此，则帝位恐将不保。因此，让军机四章京妥速筹商，以使既能变法，又不违抗太后之意。 就是这么一封内容和谐的密诏，后来还被康有为篡改成写给他的求救信： 今朕位即将不保，汝可与杨锐、林旭、谭嗣同、刘光第等密筹良策，设法相救。朕十分焦灼，不胜企望之至。 其实，杨锐同康党并不像外界与后世猜测的那样齐心，而是经常在家书中抱怨和谭嗣同、林旭难以相处。当他预感到情势有变时，第一个念头是不想卷入是非。 于是，杨锐把密诏压了三天，彷徨无计。 南海会馆的夜已经很深了。 有谭嗣同的力荐，康有为对毕永年非常放心。 他先爆猛料：“太后打算于下个月天津大阅兵时杀害皇上。” 再爆更猛的料：“我要效法唐朝张柬之废武后之举，奏请皇上召袁世凯入京。你来当李多祚。” 毕永年发表道听途说来的高层秘闻：“袁是李鸿章的人，李是太后的人，恐怕不好用吧？” 康有为信心满满道：“我令人去他那行反间之计，袁笃信不疑，已深恨太后和荣禄。你且等着，我还有重要的事用你来办。” 9月16日黎明，昆明湖畔玉澜堂。 光绪虽精神委顿，但对军事上的事问得很细，袁世凯则一一据实奏对。 气氛明显比较压抑，皇帝几次欲言又止。大头只好趁问话的间歇道：“下月还有巡幸大典，亟须回津准备，倘无他事垂询，请即训示。” 光绪说四天后再来请训，耽搁不了什么。 召见结束后，大头回家补觉。刚躺下便有宦官前来宣旨：袁世凯升正二品，以工部侍郎候补。 生活就像《忐忑》，没有准确的歌词，却惊心动魄。 不次超擢带给袁世凯的不是喜悦，而是恐惧，尤其当他听说皇上让他与荣禄“各办各的事”——这分明是强迫自己站队嘛。 大头当即要上疏辞谢，却被徐世昌阻止：既属皇帝特恩，力辞反倒欲盖弥彰。 事实上此次进京，袁世凯既不往来酬酢，也不奔走权要，而是寓居郊外，闭门不出，为的就是置身于帝后两党的漩涡之外。 问题是，在你不惹祸、祸来找你的中国，独善其身要比左右逢源难得多。于是，午后刚过，袁世凯便行动起来，遍访朝中大佬。 奕劻不在家，刚毅和裕禄听袁世凯表白自己无功受赏惶悚不安的“心迹”，暗自冷笑：都是一座山上的狐狸，你跟我讲什么《聊斋》啊！ 结果都是一堆不咸不淡的官话，大头未能从中得到任何有价值的信息，怏怏而归。 礼数还是要有的。对推荐了自己的康党，袁世凯写了一封热情洋溢的感谢信，由徐世昌亲自去送。 结果康有为又想入非非了。 当晚八点，康有为、梁启超、康广仁和毕永年正在南海会馆用餐，忽然传来袁世凯以侍郎候补的消息。 康有为明明早已获悉，却故意演戏给毕永年看，大拍桌子兴奋道：“天子真圣明！如此做法，比我等所献之计更加隆重，袁世凯必定喜而图报！” 说着，放下筷子，让毕永年跟他进里屋。 “事已如此，定计而行就是了。不过，我始终觉得袁世凯不可用。”毕永年说。 康有为从桌上拿出袁世凯的来信，指着上面“蒙兄荐引提拔，不胜感激，虽赴汤蹈火，亦在所不辞”的话，对毕永年得意道：“你看，袁有此语，还不能用吗！” 毕永年只好道：“既如此，先生想让我做什么事？” “我想让你到袁世凯的幕中去当参谋，监督他。”康有为试探道。 “我一人在他幕中何用？袁若有异志，我也制不了他。”毕永年还是觉得不靠谱。 康有为终于交底：“我给你一百人，等袁世凯兵围颐和园时，你带着他们奉诏把太后抓起来就行了。” 至此，康党的政变计划终于浮出水面。 第一步，9月20日袁世凯请训时，光绪面付朱谕一道，以荣禄密谋废君弑君为名，令袁世凯回津率所部兵马擒荣，就地正法； 第二步，封禁电报铁路，以专列载袁部入京，一半围颐和园，一半守紫禁城。 显然，计划得以实施的关键在于袁世凯和毕永年，但归根结底还是在袁世凯。一旦大头首肯，康有为将上奏光绪，请旨发动政变。 毕永年还在迟疑，康广仁和梁启超推门而入。 坐定后，梁启超道：“此事兄不必再疑，务请大力担当。” 见毕永年没有回答，梁启超激了一句：“兄敢做此事吗？” “有什么不敢！但我要好好想想。而且，还没见过袁世凯，他是什么样的人，我还不知道。” “袁世凯大为可用，然则兄能答应此事吗？”梁启超急于要他做出一个慷慨而坚决的承诺。 其实像毕永年这类江湖侠士，远比知识分子重诺，但正因其言必行，反倒不轻易允诺。 见康广仁不爽的表情已经写在脸上，毕永年只好道：“此事我终不敢独力承当，为何不催佛尘（唐才常）进京商量？” 康、梁大喜，连说“好极了”。但又表示想于数日内发动此事，等唐才常恐怕不及。 踌躇片刻，四人来到隔壁房间，找正在病休的谭嗣同商量。 谭认为稍缓时日无妨，如果唐君前来，则更为安妥。 梁启超立刻表示赞成：“毕君沉毅，唐君深挚（深切真挚），可称两雄。” 毕永年知道这是面子上的恭维，连说不敢当。 康有为道：“事已定计，你们加紧调兵遣将吧！” 于是，两封快电飞往湖南，要唐才常火速进京。 9月17日，见杨锐迟迟没有回应，心急如焚的光绪通过林旭带出第二份密诏，并发布上谕，督促康有为速赴上海督办《时务报》。 离京，有助于缓和反对派一点即燃的情绪，也是对康的保护。但之所以会来这么一出，说到底还是康有为作茧自缚。 变法伊始，他便公报私仇，通过宋伯鲁上了道折子，请求将《时务报》由民办改为官办，让梁启超取代汪康年。 光绪让吏部尚书孙家鼐研究宋折，结果康有为给汪康年挖的坑把他自己给坑了。 孙家鼐说：“这确实是一条很好的建议，但需要做一点小小的修正。梁启超在办译书局，工作重要，不容分身，不如改派康有为去督办《时务报》。” 由此可见，开明如孙家鼐这等改良派，亦巴不得将康有为踢出京城。 那么容易便滚也就不叫长素了。 康有为左思右想，想出一条万全之策。在接受任命的同时，给汪康年发去一封电报： 奉旨办报，一切依旧。望相助，有为叩。 赖在北京不走了。 可此番为了安抚震怒的慈禧，光绪不得不壮士断腕。 上谕措辞强硬，要康有为即刻离京，不准“迁延观望”。密诏中却说情非得已，苦衷难诉。爱卿保重身体，善自调理，将来共建大业，朕有厚望。 当晚，林旭访康有为不遇，便将上谕留在南海会馆，并附一纸条，嘱康明早切勿外出，有要事相告。 毕永年见林旭神色匆匆，显是出了变故，又打起了退堂鼓。他找到康广仁，说同袁世凯仓促之间彼此交浅，何能行事？还是不能轻易应承康有为的任务。 康广仁怒道：“汝等尽是书生气，平日议论纵横，及至做事，却又拖泥带水！” 毕永年耐心道：“我一命虽微，但也不能糊涂而死。康先生既令我同谋，何不能让我置一词？在下是南方人，初至北军，率领互不相识之兵，十几天内，何能将他们收为心腹，又何能得其死力？而且，我一介贡生（各省学政从府县的秀才中择取成绩优异者保送至国子监读书，相当于缩水版举人），统带此兵，不独兵不服，同军各将也会奇怪。” 康广仁闻言，越发不高兴，冷笑着走出房间。 此时，康有为正同徐致靖在宋伯鲁家喝酒，喝高了便唱起昆曲来。曲终哀怨动人，又谈及时事，不免一番相互忧叹。 回府后看到上谕，方知不妙。毕永年又一副“我要当逃兵”的表情凑到跟前，把对康广仁说的话重复了一遍。康有为当场就来气：“你以贡生领兵，也很体面嘛，有何不可！此事尚未定，你先不用多虑。” 第二天一早，林旭来到南海会馆，带来一前一后两封密诏。 康有为命人唤来徐致靖，手捧那封被杨锐捂了三天的密诏，同梁启超、康广仁和谭嗣同一道跪读，读着读着便声情并茂起来。 “恰巧”徐世昌来访（形势不明，徐同袁世凯分头行动，分别联络帝后两党）。康有为灵机一动，开始放声大哭，撕心裂肺，如丧考妣。 众人跟着飙泪，一个比一个响亮，不知道的还以为在开追悼会。徐世昌受到感染，也抹起眼泪来，南海会馆顿时哭声一片。 庆亲王府。 大头访奕劻不遇，庆邸管家说：“老爷出门了，留话让您等他。” 颐和园。 内务府升平署今日给慈禧安排的戏是关于杨家将的京剧《昭代箫韶》。早上十点开演，一直持续到晚上八点。 因为后天还要接见伊藤博文，下午两点，光绪离开颐和园，起驾回宫。 南海会馆。 康党士气低迷。午饭时，梁启超示意同毕永年关系不错的康门弟子钱维骥进行最后一次试探。 钱维骥：“康先生要杀太后，怎么办？” 毕永年：“兄怎么知道？” 钱维骥：“刚才梁君对我说，'先生的意思是，在奏知皇上时只说是废黜；等到去颐和园抓住时，杀掉就可以了。不知毕君肯不肯办这件事，你何不去探一下他的口气。'看来此事是真的，你打算怎么办？” 毕永年：“我早就料到，他想要我充当成济的角色。老兄且等着看吧。” 成济是三国时曹魏武将，受司马昭心腹贾充的唆使刺死魏主曹髦。后来司马昭为平息众怒，将成济满门抄斩，使其成为史上知名度最高的替罪羊。 康有为清楚，毕永年这条线是指望不上了，不甘心就此远离权力中枢的他开始盘算如何同袁世凯摊牌。 庆亲王府。 袁世凯等到傍晚也不见奕劻回府，下人来报，说荣禄传令，塘沽口有英国军舰游弋，让他尽快回防，只好先行返回法华寺。 颐和园。 看戏间歇，奕劻、端亲王载漪和李莲英轮番跪劝太后训政。 连月来，类似的苦情戏慈禧早已司空见惯，即使这次奕劻带着张翼转交的荣禄密信和杨崇伊猛批康梁的折子，她还是认为火候未到。 法华寺。 袁世凯正秉烛拟折，门房忽报谭嗣同来访。 大头立刻停笔出迎，只见谭嗣同身着便服，旁边跟着徐世昌。 天子近臣，自然不敢怠慢，忙请入室内，互道寒暄。 谭嗣同：“想不到公如此相貌堂堂，有大将格局。” 袁世凯摸不清他来意，但见同徐世昌一起，猜想多半是受康有为派遣，只好先虚应周旋。 谭嗣同：“公是否后天请训？” 袁世凯：“现有英舰巡行海上，准备具折明日请训后就提前回津了。” 谭嗣同单刀直入：“外侮不足虑。可忧者，内患耳。” 袁世