Chapter 9 Chapter Seven Qilu Conquer the Rebellion
Winter is here.
Taiye Pool began to freeze.
The Ministry of Internal Affairs conveyed a decree to Fengchen Garden, a subsidiary organization that manages the imperial gardens:
The river around Yingtai is now frozen.Immediately, Fengchenyuan sent someone to open it for more than a foot, so as to see bright water, and it was not allowed to freeze.
Even a master ice skater wanted to see Guangxu, but it was in vain.
Soon, a strange edict was issued both at home and abroad, requiring ministers and workers at home and abroad to recommend someone who is proficient in medical science to see a doctor for Guangxu.
Falling ill right after being placed under house arrest, the political signal couldn't be more obvious.
Public opinion fermented so quickly that Japanese Prime Minister Shigenobu Okuma sent a special telegram to China’s Minister Hayashi Quansuke: “There are rumors in Shanghai that the Qing emperor has been murdered. Find out immediately and inform me by telegram whether this is true.”
The Zongli Yamen of course denied the news of Guangxu's death.The problem is that the autocratic country dispels rumors every day, but in the end the ghosts don't believe it.
Rumors intensified in the market, saying that the pulse case and prescription were all forged, and the news of his death happened in these two days.Jing Yuanshan, the general office of the Shanghai Telegraph Bureau, even united more than a thousand people to openly telegraph the Queen Mother, asking the emperor to "come to the imperial court with all his strength", but he was hunted across provinces.
Empress Dowager Cixi must have regretted it very much. In order to make the "holy bow without hesitation" play enough, she publicly solicited famous doctors. As a result, the doctor recommended by the French embassy diagnosed it as chronic nephritis-the lie was self-defeating.
Cixi persevered and continued to pave the way.
Let out the wind first, saying that the reason why Guangxu became so ill was because he took the "red pill" (aphrodisiac) offered by Kang Youwei.Then send Rong Lu to find Li Hongzhang in private, and ask him to find out what foreigners say.
Guangxu's year name has been called for more than 20 years, how can it be said that it will be abolished?Li Hongzhang clearly opposed it, and warned Rong Lu: "What a big deal this is. How many heads do you have? How many heads do you dare to try? If you do it, it will be dangerous. The envoys of various countries stationed in Beijing protested first; Those who mobilize the soldiers of the world for no reason, and the damage is indescribable!"
Rong Lu did not give up, but still wanted to hear the opinions of foreigners, so Li Hongzhang found an opportunity to test the British Minister tactfully.
The other party's response was categorical: "Of course other countries have no right to interfere (China's internal affairs), but when it comes to negotiation matters, Britain recognizes the word Guangxu and knows nothing about it."
The reason why Liang Zi ended up declaring war with the Eleven Kingdoms at the same time when he was put on the coffin.
It stands to reason that the Queen Mother hates Kang Youwei the most, but she has never even seen Kang Nanhai's face, this kind of hatred is abstract and powerless.
It is different for Guangxu.Watching him grow up, his wings stiffen, and he wants to murder himself—this kind of danger lying on the side of the couch must be eliminated quickly.
As a result, Cixi began to frequently summon young children of the "Pu" generation in the close branches of the clan, and informed the governors of each province about Guangxu's illness once every five days, making the emperor almost die.
This is tantamount to forcing the officials of Fengjiang to stand in line.
If you do not express your position for a long time, you will definitely offend Cixi; if you express your position actively, it will violate the way of being a minister, and it will cause criticism from public opinion and damage the political voice.In the stalemate, Liu Kunyi (1830-1902), the governor of Liangjiang, stepped forward and said loudly: "The righteousness of the monarch and his ministers is the most important, and it is difficult to prevent the mouths of Chinese and foreign countries", and openly opposed the abolition of the monarch.
The remonstrance book was originally written jointly with Zhang Zhidong, but as soon as the messenger left, Mr. Zhang left and ordered someone to recover the memorial and delete his name.
When Liu Kun learned about it, he said with a smile: "Xiang Tao (Zhang Zhidong) is brave in small things, but timid in big things. Let me keep her body for future plans. I am old, why should I be afraid?"
Faced with the situation of internal and external verbal opposition, Cixi, the goddess of revenge, flinched.
Rong Lu came up with an idea: Since "breaking" is so difficult, we can find a way to "establish" first.
However, "establishing a reserve" does not conform to the ancestral motto of "not establishing a prince" in the Qing Dynasty.Ronglu's bad move not only lures wolves into the house and puts himself in a marginalized situation, but also paves the way for the upcoming national carnival.
The candidate for the crown prince chosen by Cixi is Pujun (jun), the grandson of her younger brother Guixiang.
Pu Jun was young, and his father, Prince Zaiyi (1856-1922), was specifically involved.
In the few scenes, Zai Yi appeared as the villain.Sometimes Tong Yikuang respectfully invites Empress Dowager Cixi to come out to teach politics, and sometimes he gathers with Gang Yi and Xu Tong to curse the New Deal. He can be called an outstanding representative of the reactionaries.
Seeing that "Cixi's niece's husband" is about to become "the emperor's own father", Zai Yi took action.
The problem is that even if you move your arms, you can't twist your thighs.After Li Chu's edict was issued, not only did the Western ministers not enter the palace to celebrate, but they also sent notes to the prime minister's office, warning that if Guangxu was abolished, the consequences would be very serious.
But for Xu Tong, Gang Yi and others, the consequences of not overthrowing Guangxu will be more serious.After all, the emperor was in his prime in the Spring and Autumn Period, and when Cixi was killed and Cixi regained power, none of these conservatives would be able to escape.
However, the current situation gave the "Duan Wang Party" (Zai Yi, Xu Tong, Gang Yi, and Prince Zhuang Zaixun) a shameless opportunity-the civil xenophobic forces grew stronger, and Shandong broke out in Boxing.
The violent Yellow River crossed, causing the whole of Shandong to suffer from floods.Natural disasters, together with the expansion of the great powers in this area, made the Shandong bandits rampant.
On the surface, the Caozhou church case is nothing more than a random incident in which two members of the Broadsword Society went to the church to hack the priest to death and steal money, but the deep contradiction behind it is the conflict between the church and the people that has lasted for decades.
It is not objective to label the anti-religious history of the people before the Boxer Boxing appeared as "blind xenophobic".
The choice of farmers is always in line with the logic of their interests. The first group of people who joined the religion was obviously not because they dreamed of Jehovah, but because they were seeking political privileges.
After the outbreak of the Caozhou teaching case, the privilege was further strengthened under the Qing government's stupid document.
In order to eliminate the teaching plan at the local level and no longer become a diplomatic matter, the imperial court stipulated that among the missionaries from the West who came to China, the archbishop and bishop were at the provincial and ministerial level, the great priest was at the bureau level, and the priest was at the county level.
With the status within the system, missionaries can meet with local officials at the same level at any time, and they can also intervene in the judiciary when there is a teaching case.As long as the Jigoushengtian believers hold the bishop's business card, they can ask to see the county magistrate or even the magistrate without any pressure, and they become more and more rampant.
for example:
I have three acres of land next to the teacher, and he won't allow me to pass through the land unless I give him something.I had no choice but to sell the land, so I sold the land to him.That year the land price here was 120 yuan per mu, but we can only count 80 yuan per mu...
Another example:
The poor in Yingzhuang of our county scraped the land with alkali and burned the saline soil.At that time, the government prohibited private roasting of salt, and when the county found out, they arrested a few and locked them in the county government.Later, the priest rescued them, and from then on Yingzhuang could legally burn salt, as long as he was taught.So almost all the people in Yingzhuang joined the religion.
The impact of the church on the traditional rural social order is also reflected in the meeting to welcome God.
The God Welcoming Competition was a major event in social life in the countryside at that time. It had multiple functions such as blessing, entertainment, business, and assembly. Holding a game required a lot of expenses, and villagers usually contributed to it.
After the introduction of foreign religions, the believers refused to pay this fee on the grounds that "the teachings were inconsistent", and they got the support of the church.
If it is limited to this, the villagers also recognize it, and they should respect the freedom of belief.The problem is that a wretched church member not only refuses to pay the money, but also takes care of the meeting of the gods, which makes people and gods angry.
Coupled with the privileges of litigation and other aspects, the grievances between the parishioners and the common people accumulated day by day, and finally developed to the point that if you were a parishioner who opened a fruit shop, no one would buy your fruit.
It can be seen from this that when the villagers rushed to the church with farm tools and torches, they were not targeting Christianity itself, nor the missionaries, but those "rebels" in traditional society. Those who create injustice in the consistent village rules.
When more and more villagers rebelled against the religion due to the harm of the religious people, they failed to seek the protection of the government, and finally chose to join the religion, the contradictions began to escalate, and rumors gradually spread.
The most classic rumor is that "the church abducts Chinese children, cuts eyes and hearts to make medicines", and this is where Zeng Guofan's teaching case in Tianjin began.
It is obviously nonsense, but many people believe it. It can only be explained that the political system has not been reformed for a long time, which has directly lowered the average IQ of the crowd.
In fact, the so-called cultural conflicts and so on, the essence behind them are all conflicts of interests.The leftists turn a blind eye to it, go online infinitely, incite nationalism, and deceive people under the banner of enlightenment. Even Wei Yuan, who is known as "the number one person in the world with his eyes open", spread the rumor of "gouging out his eyes and digging out his heart". Zhou Han.
As an alternate Taoist in Shanxi, Zhou Han didn't get any real job until he was 40 years old, so he returned to his hometown Changsha in 1884.
At that time, more and more foreigners came to Hunan to preach. Zhou Han felt that Confucianism was in danger, so he wrote anti-religious articles day and night.As of 1898, more than 30 kinds of illegal publications represented by "Ghost Education Damn" have been published, which are famous all over the world.
Although these anti-religion books are full of clichés that "priests steal babies' brains", due to the large population base of the Chinese Dynasty, the absolute number of xenophobic cynics cannot be ignored, and Zhou Han has become the topic of the year.
But for the current situation, Zhou Han's abuse not only did not help, but provoked troubles, causing the number of teaching cases in the Yangtze River Basin to surge.For a while, the missionaries in China panicked.
The consuls of various countries stationed in Hankou jointly protested against Zhang Zhidong, governor of Huguang.
Zhang Zhidong was also in a dilemma.Zhou Han didn't do production, concentrated on anti-religion, firmly believed that what he was engaged in was an immortal cause, and vowed, "I swear to report to Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Duke of Zhou, Confucius, Mencius, and my ancestors in the Qing Dynasty. Virtue", I have long been mentally prepared to kill myself and become benevolent.
You can't kill this kind of people with a solid mass base (mainly in the gentry class), otherwise a popular uprising will happen.
The Zongli Yamen suffered unprecedented diplomatic pressure and forced Zhang Zhidong to deal with Zhou Han's case without delay.
Li Hongzhang made a move: investigate Zhou Han's misdeeds, such as economic problems.In this way, it will neither touch public opinion, but also give foreigners an explanation.
But to Zhang Zhidong's surprise, Zhou Han seemed to be made of special materials, and there was no problem with half a dime!
But that's okay, anything is possible in a magical realm even stranger than The Accidental Death of an Anarchist.
Zhou Han was mentally ill.
Huguang asked Zhi to remove him from his official position as an alternate road and hand him over to the local officials for strict supervision.
The foreigners reluctantly agreed.
However, the Qing government has always been strictly guarded against the "right", while turning a blind eye to the "left".Therefore, Zhou Han was not under strict control. When the Caozhou teaching case broke out, he jumped out again, and posted notices everywhere, calling on Hunanese to expel foreigners together, burn the "Jesus Pig Spirit", and strictly prevent "the ashes of the demon from resurfacing, and the roots of the demon from reappearing." ".
Zhang Zhidong deeply felt that Zhou Han, who "can't be done, can't be let go", is an extremely hot potato, because its theoretical foundation is indestructible.
Zhou Han believed that before the Qing Dynasty established China, the courtiers of the Ming Dynasty were not allowed to rebel against the Ming Dynasty and submit to the Qing court.Although the Qing Dynasty is being bullied by other countries, it is still alive after all, but some people can't wait to rebel and seek refuge in other countries. This is a crime that cannot be punished by any country in any era.
Then he sacrificed the official ideology of "loyalty and filial piety", saying that loyal ministers and filial sons are respected by all nations.This method is uncertain, no matter how strong the national power is, how can it be self-reliant?
From this point of view, the ruling class can no longer justify itself, and Zhou Han can only be mentally ill.
However, the human heart is the most subtle thing, and when you perceive its power, transformation has already happened quietly.In 1899 alone, more than 600 religious incidents occurred in Shandong, and more than 400 religious people lost their lives.In the chaos, the folk gang Daohui rose to fame and shocked the martial arts world.
The Big Sword Club uses a set of iron cloth shirt method as a housekeeping move, and travels the rivers and lakes, who knows who and who doesn't know.Those who practice this skill should recite mantras and burn talismans, rush into the water and drink on their knees, and they will be able to resist being cut by knives in three days, and they will not be afraid of firearms after a long time.
The Da Dao Hui, who took the task of eradicating violence and keeping the people safe, worked tirelessly to catch thieves, established a lofty prestige among the villagers, and soon grew to more than 100,000 people in the Caozhou area.
As a large collection of folk mysterious culture, Boxer Boxing came from behind and fought guerrillas in Pingyuan County, Dezhou Prefecture. The leader is Zhu Hongdeng.
Zhu Hongdeng's original name was Zhu Zhan'ao. He pretended to be a descendant of the royal family of the Ming Dynasty because he had other motives, rather than "helping the Qing Dynasty and destroying the foreigners" as he later claimed.
Wearing red trousers and a big red hood, he regards Erlang God Yang Jian as his idol and calls him "Teacher Tai".
Boxers include monks, Taoists, and all kinds of religions. They usually call each other "Senior Brother" and call Zhu Hongdeng "Big Brother".
One day, the elder brother mysteriously told all the elder brothers: "Next year will be the 'Year of Calamity', and the Jade Emperor will order the gods to descend to earth."
As for what to do next, the eldest brother didn't say anything, probably because he hasn't figured out the rebellion program yet.
The eating guy of Boxing Boxing is the golden bell cover as famous as the iron cloth shirt, commonly known as "invulnerable to swords and guns", and it is quite likely to stand up to the Daohui.
Objectively speaking, individual early leaders, such as the second brother, monk Xincheng, did have some hard qigong.Soaking in potions all the year round and breathing out luck, although not as mysterious as the floor sweeping monks of Shaolin Temple, it is still as easy as breaking a big stone in the chest.
Later, the number of members became more and more, and even women became boxers (red light photo), and all kinds of strange powers and chaos came one after another.
There are those who swallow amulets and recite incantations, claiming to be possessed by the Monkey King, those who are delusional and foam at the mouth, and those who perform magic tricks like Liu Qian.
The most sensational performance was held in Shanhaiguan. At that time, passers-by spread rumors that "this is a real god group". It seems that many fake ones have been encountered before.
When the show began, the boxers stood in a row with their stomachs bare.A hundred paces away, the foreign guns were filled with powder, aimed and fired.
So, it's time to witness the miracle!
The bullet hit his body, not only was he safe and sound, he was also picked up by the boxers for public display.
Just when the host was about to pretend to be amazed again, an expert present exposed the trick.
It turned out that the shooter first kneaded white flour into a small ball and rolled it with iron sand.When shooting, the noodle pills turn into green smoke, and the performers quickly show the real bullets hidden in their hands to confuse the audience.
The reason why such a clumsy deception can be popular in the countryside is because it has taken a path that conforms to the people's will - anti-religion.
Shandong jiaomin, running rampant in the villages, fish and meat good people, and even coercing local officials, has become a social nuisance.
When there are troubles for the people, the officials often calm down, and the common people often swallow their hatred. Only the Boxer heroes draw their swords to help each other from time to time, and gradually become the "Batman in Gotham City".
When the Caozhou religious case happened, Li Bingheng, governor of Shandong, had received a transfer order and was promoted to governor of Sichuan.As a result, something happened before he could leave. People can't help feeling that the cycle of heaven and cause and effect are not ambiguous-Li Futai's performance in the Sino-Japanese War was really outrageous.
Li Bingheng quickly arrested the murderer and pleaded guilty to the German envoy.But Germany has decided to take the opportunity to encroach on Shandong, and German businessmen have started brewing Tsingtao beer, so it is useless to make amends.
The Qing court was forced to dismiss Li Bingheng.Germany extorted a sum of compensation and obtained the right to mine and build roads in Shandong.
The successor, Yuxian, can be called an enhanced version of fortitude, and was known overseas as a cruel official of the Qing Dynasty at the time.
The denunciation novel created a kind of incorruptible to the point of poverty, but thought he was a stupid official, and Yu Xian was the best of them.
When Yutufu was the magistrate of Caozhou, he used the name of catching thieves, regardless of good and bad, killed 1,500 people in three months, stained his crown, and moved to Shandong as an inspector.
With Yujiantai's courage to kill thousands of people by mistake, the efficiency of handling cases has improved by leaps and bounds.What's even more commendable is that in addition to busy government affairs, Yuxian is also actively committed to invention and creation, and developed the world's leading cutting-edge technology of "standing wooden cage" on the basis of the ten tortures of the Qing Dynasty.
The inner wall of the wooden cage is covered with iron nails, and people are hung in it, and a few bricks are placed under their feet, which seems to be stepping on but not stepping on.If the person in the cage moves a little, his body will be riddled with holes; when you step on a brick, sorry, you still have to lose blood, and the yamen servant will immediately take a piece of it.He was tortured until the oil was exhausted and the lamp was dry, and his body was covered with cuts and bruises before he died tragically.
For the illegal acts of the Broadsword Society and the Boxing of Boxing, Yu Xian has been doing all he can to suppress them, and even executed Zhu Hongdeng who killed the church members indiscriminately.But when he took over as governor of Shandong, the situation changed.
First of all, the development momentum of Yihequan is very rapid, far exceeding Yuxian's cutting speed;
Secondly, when dealing with the endless teaching cases, Yuxian found that the teaching people had no law and bullied the officials. If they didn't suppress them, they would dare to rush to the governor's office to send themselves to God;
In the end, it was also what he couldn’t bear the most—as an ultra-conservative who hated foreigners and xenophobia, he had to endure Germany’s pressing every step of the way.
In a rage, Yu Xian told the officials of the prefecture and county that he would treat the accusation of the Jiaomin as waste paper and ignore it.
Looking back at the Boxers, I found that these righteous guys from Shandong were the cutest people.
Yuxian, who suddenly woke up, decided to change from suppression to fu, reorganized Boxer Boxing into Boxer Regiment, and issued a banner with the word "Yu" as a sign of peace.
Encouraged by the boxers, they became even more energetic when they killed the "ermaozi" (religious people), and killed the missionaries with a slippery hand, and burned the church.
Of course, it is meaningless except to cause panic and protests among foreigners.
The Zongli Yamen did not dare to neglect, and asked Cixi to "open up the vacancy" for Yuxian.
In fact, Empress Dowager Cixi highly praised Yuxian's policy of "the people can be used, the regiment should be supported, and the bandits must be suppressed" implemented in Shandong.Now she was coerced by foreigners to resign and went to Beijing to see her. She personally wrote the word "Fu" as a reward, and transferred him to be the governor of Shanxi.
Of course you will ask, how did Cixi change from being afraid of foreigners to fighting foreigners?
They were all instigated by the Duan Wang Party.Originally, she hated foreigners for protecting Kangliang, taking in Sun Wen, and opposing her abolishing the monarch and establishing the prince. Zaiyi added fuel to the fire in order to become the emperor and his father, and collected some "Zi Lin Xi Bao" (Shanghai's most famous newspaper) Influential English-language newspapers) advocated the Empress Dowager to retire and return to power Guangxu, which completely angered Cixi.
If fear of foreigners is a kind of rationality, and hatred of foreigners is a kind of sensibility, then Cixi, who regards power as her life, suddenly lost her reason.
The farce kicked off after Li Hongzhang was sent by Cixi to Guangzhou as the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi.
There was an evocative conversation at the farewell.
Cixi: "Li Hongzhang, someone impeached you, saying that you are a Kang Party."
Li Hongzhang: "The minister is indeed the Kang party. The minister does not know about the abolition of the establishment (first stand in the opposite team), but the six departments are indeed abolished. If the old system can be prosperous and strong, China would have been strong long ago. Why wait until today? Therefore, If advocating political reform means being accused of being a member of the Kang Party, then there is no way for me to escape.”
Cixi was silent.
Being "kidnapped" by the Duan Wang Party, she thought day and night about how to remove the threat of foreigners.Specifically, it was the group of ministers of the great powers stationed in China who often pointed fingers at her.
In Qiu Yang Pai Yang, the Cixi at the top and the Boxers at the bottom were subtly combined.Under Yuxian's strong recommendation, she felt that the people's hearts were available, and she began to brew a people's war.
The skill that dictators are best at is to use irrational nationalism and populism to achieve their ulterior political goals, both ancient and modern.
After going to Shanxi, Yuxian continued to work hard and instigated the Boxers to massacre missionaries every three days, and even thought distortedly: Don't you like to find fault with teaching cases?I simply played with the big one—to create a tragedy that shocked China and the world.
For the missionaries throughout Shanxi, Yuxian lied that there was not enough troops to go down to the counties, so he decided to concentrate in the provincial capital for unified protection.
The priests believed it was true, and came to Taiyuan as if they were going to the market, but they were all killed in front of the gate of the governor's yamen. Lord Yu even personally killed an old bishop with a white beard who questioned him, which was quite powerful.
Under Yuxian's deployment, nearly 200 missionaries and more than 10,000 Chinese missionaries and their families were killed in Shanxi Province, becoming a well-deserved meat grinder.
It was Yuan Shikai who took care of Yuxian's mess.
Before, he led the Wuwei Youjun to move to Dezhou to monitor the German army that had just occupied Jiaozhou Bay.
This is really a timely transfer order.If he continued to stay in Tianjin, when the Gengzi Incident happened, he would have died for the country like Nie Shicheng.
Before leaving Tianjin, a writing team composed of nearly 50 people including Xu Shichang and Wang Shizhen had just completed two huge works with a total of 400,000 words: "Records of Newly-built Army Soldier Strategies" and "Detailed Illustrations of Training Exercises".
Yuan Shikai attached great importance to the "book written by decree" of Shangda Tianting. He and his aides weighed every word and deliberated over and over again, and finally completed these two masterpieces of military training in Western France. It laid the military theoretical foundation of the modern Chinese Army.
After Cixi watched it, she was very happy with her kind face, and she was very moved when she thought of Yuan Shikai's allegiance during the 1898 coup, so she decided to put down the burden on him.
Therefore, Yuan Shikai was awarded the title of Fengjiang as a matter of course and served as the governor of Shandong.
This year, he was forty years old.
Although it is a land of right and wrong that is full of thorns, there is an opportunity when there is danger, and there is a stage for giving it a go.
From Datou's point of view, Yuxian is completely unreasonable.
Not all big noses come out of one nostril, and the conflict of interests among foreigners is actually far greater than the conflict with the Qing court.
As a result, Yuxian cut off the blue eyes when he caught them, and in order to improve efficiency, he even lured them into a gathering place, which directly forced the foreigners from having their own ghosts to fighting against each other.
It is even more a joke to appease and use the Boxers.In addition to killing foreigners, the Boxers' main hobby was smashing and looting.Once the collective unconsciousness is released from Pandora's Box, God can't control the direction of the carnival.
Yuan Shikai looked at the essence through the chaos, and immediately asked a question that pointed to the root cause: Where did the grievances arise, and where did the public anger arise?
Maybe you will say: "Is there even a need to ask? The teaching people bully the good people!"
Yuan Futai said: "Wrong! This is just an appearance! The real reason is that such a cowardly parent official was on the stall, and even the kindest religious people ran away."
Accurate conclusions benefit from scientific research.
When Yuan Shikai wanted to spy on something or a certain official, he always sent one person down first, and then sent another person to the same place to investigate the same target.Both are directly responsible for him, and each is unaware of the existence of the other.
If the results of the investigation are different from each other, send two people to investigate separately for comparison.Rewards will be given to those who check the truth, and severe punishment will be imposed on those who conceal false reports.
Later, Yuan Shikai often shared this experience with his subordinates:
The most important thing to be an officer is to have insight into the situation. Only in this way can you take appropriate actions.If you are blinded by the following, you will become blind. How can you not do wrong things?
With the assistance of a sophisticated intelligence system, Datou discovered that officials in Shandong either regarded foreigners as hatred or feared them as tigers, and these two emotions were not conducive to handling teaching cases with a clear mirror.
What's more, because they cherish their black hats and can't bear the cumbersomeness, when encountering a teaching case, they will indiscriminately punish good people and live in peace.If things go on like this, the religious people will become more and more arrogant, and the good people will become more and more angry, and the resentment will burst sooner or later.
After identifying the root cause of the disease, Yuan Shikai prescribes the right medicine, requiring local officials to learn and master public international law, and to argue with foreigners in case of trouble.
Moreover, the law is the criterion, and the case is decided on the basis of right and wrong, so that all parties are convinced.
Yuan Shikai set an example and demonstrated what it means to be neither humble nor overbearing, and to be well-founded when dealing with the case of the murder of a British missionary in Feicheng County.
The principal culprit was sentenced to death, the accomplice was hanged in prison, and the county magistrate of Feicheng was dismissed for connivance and protection.
The British envoys who came to negotiate were not satisfied, and put forward harsh requirements: the murderer should be punished severely;
Yuan Shikai insisted on his own opinion, and confronted him with the charter issued in advance.The envoy Ying didn't take advantage of anything, and returned angrily.
Impartial law enforcement is the fundamental solution, but the top priority is chaos everywhere.
Under the clamor of Xu Tong and others, "You have your Green Cannon, I have my red light", the imperial court's policy towards the Boxers was to suppress the Boxers in the open - on the surface, they made a show for foreigners, but in secret they tolerated or even Help it sit big.
However, in the view of Yuan Shikai, who took it as his mission to combat folk pseudoscience, the Boxers could not be lenient.
Even so, it still seems too gentle for the boxers, which are expanding exponentially.
Most people will lose their way, otherwise the road to the truth will be full of people.
A letter from Xu Shichang pointed the way and rewrote Yuan Shikai's future:
Today, China has no soldiers, no weapons, no pay, only relying on traitors and cults, armed with a big knife, killing foreigners, burning churches, chanting evil spells, using no bullets, swiping a big knife, foreigners fall to the ground, is this reasonable?How can foreigners be willing to sit back and watch their fellow bandits let the regiment kill them without asking, can they join forces to trap China?
The comfort court should not follow random orders, but should chase the bandits out of Shandong.In the future, when foreign soldiers flock to Beijing, the empress dowager and the emperor run away, or unfortunately, because of opposing the Boxers, we can still do our best to rebuild the universe.If you follow the trend, not only will your fame and fame be wiped out, but you may not be able to protect your wealth.
Xu Shichang accurately predicted the future, which shocked Yuan Shikai into a cold sweat.After much deliberation, I finally made up my mind: comprehensive suppression.
The right army of Wuwei attacked from all directions, and the general Zhang Xun killed five hundred boxers in one day, and received a big prize.
Of course, the reason why Yuan Shikai dared to fight against those in power was also because he was not fighting alone.
Li Hongzhang, Zhang Zhidong, Liu Kunyi and other southern governors all took a clear-cut stand against the Boxers.In contrast, Datou was already much more tactful, and he was playing the trick of suppressing and suppressing, until Zaiyi and others questioned him, and then explained that what was suppressed was the "fake Boxers" pretended to be thieves, not true patriotism Rebel boxers.
Although foreigners called the Boxers "boxers" (boxers), those who didn't know it thought they were angry bulls, but facing the well-equipped Wuwei Youjun, the "boxers" were vulnerable and fled to Zhili one after another.
So it was the turn of Zhili governor Yulu to collapse.
Yu Lu took Rong Lu's class, and his mind was quite normal. He made an appointment with Yuan Shikai to attack the Boxers from the north to the south.
As a result, the direction of the court changed suddenly, and Yulu watched Ronglu, who was transferred to the Minister of Military Affairs, being ignored by Cixi because he opposed the recruitment of the Boxers.
The boxers were delighted to find that after leaving Shandong, the vast world had done a lot, and immediately hacked to death a lieutenant general (from the second rank) of the Wuwei Central Army.
On the way, they only encountered fierce counterattacks from Nie Shicheng's Wuwei Qianjun.
At the same time, another Boxer Regiment of more than 10,000 people invaded Baoding, and killed the foreign engineers and their families who supervised the construction of the Luhan Railway (Lugou Bridge to Hankou) and their families.
Finally, Zhuozhou, the gateway to the capital, also fell.The magistrate Gong Yinpei was powerless to defend the city, did not dare to abandon the city, and was unwilling to die in the city, so he had to learn from his predecessor Ye Mingchen and went on a hunger strike to protest.
Peace and war must be decided, and suppression cannot be delayed any longer.
Yulu can pretend to be blind, A Bing, his fortitude can curse foreigners every day, Zaiyi (Yikuang also has to stand aside) who is about to be in charge of the Prime Minister's Office can condense foreign policy into one word "roll", and even the Military Aircraft Department can be reorganized into " Anti-imperialist alliance", but Cixi must be fully responsible.
Unsure of what to do, she dispatched Minister of Military Aircraft Zhao Shuqiao.
Zhao Shuqiao was born as a Jinshi, working from the magistrate, Daotai, and governor all the way to the Minister of the Ministry of Punishment, her mind is very clear.Cixi asked him to go to Zhuozhou, named Xuanfu, as an investigation to see how strong the Boxers were.
After Mr. Zhao saw the crazy boxers, he persuaded the leader to disband by himself.The other party disagreed and demanded that Nie Shicheng be removed from his post.
In the stalemate, fortitude arrived.
Gang Yi was worried that Zhao Shuqiao would not be enlightened and would go against his own wishes, so he followed him.Seeing Mr. Gang of the Boxers was like seeing a long-lost relative, he spoke kindly and comforted him, and promised to participate in the impeachment of Nie Shicheng.
When he reported back, he resolutely said that the boxers are loyal and that magic is available.
Zhao Shuqiao was originally determined to pull it up with one hand, so she stopped talking.
Soon, Zaixun was appointed as Admiral of the Nine Gates (the highest military official in Beijing), and the Duanwang party began to sing "Welcome to Beijing".
The situation was critical, and the British Admiral Seymour led 2,000 coalition troops from Tianjin to defend the embassy in Beijing.
When Yulu heard the news, he quickly sent the Wuwei Qianjun to surround him.
Equipped with heavy machine guns, this elite force under the command of Nie Shicheng marched hurriedly to the western suburbs of Tianjin, just in time to encounter the retreating coalition forces.
There was a fierce exchange of fire, and the Boxers came after them.
Nie Shicheng saw that the boxers had always killed without mercy, so this time he chose the lesser of two evils, and directly transferred this group of fanatical and ignorant swordsmen to the front line to charge.
The meat shields consumed the few remaining ammunition of the coalition forces. In addition, Seymour was good at sea battles and timid about land battles.
On June 10, 1900, the old Beijinger humming "The door of my house is always open" woke up and found that many boys with big knives and spears and wearing red bellybands appeared on the streets and alleys overnight.They wrap their heads with red coarse cloth, and their attire is more ethnic than that of the Red Guards.
Since then, boxers like locusts swarmed in every day, and set up altars everywhere to worship Tang Seng, Zhu Bajie, Jiang Taigong, Lishan Old Mother, Jiutian Xuannv and even Nian Gengyao...
This incident taught us: If we want to mobilize the masses, we must have a deep understanding of things that the masses like to hear and see.
I finally saw the legendary Boxer, and the citizens passed it on by word of mouth, unveiling its mysterious veil.
Male boxers are divided into four factions: Kanziquan, Ganziquan, Kunziquan and Zhenziquan. The latter two factions have gradually faded out of the historical stage due to their small numbers and little influence.
The main difference between Kanzi boxing and Ganzi boxing lies in the different places of origin, and the practice method is the same.
When passing on the practice, Voldemort burned the talisman and recited the mantra, his teeth were tightly closed, and he breathed through his nose.After a while, he foamed at the mouth and shouted, "God has descended".So he jumped up, frowned and stared, and danced wildly with a knife, looking very angry, exhausted.
It is still difficult to persevere if you perform crazy every day, so there is a simple method-recite the mantra when you are in battle:
The green dragon on the left, the white tiger on the right, the heart of Yunliang Buddha in the front, and the heart of Xuanhuo God in the back, please ask the Heavenly King to descend first, and then invite the God of Heisha.
It is said that as long as you recite it, you will be invulnerable to bullets.
As a result, they were cheating and didn't discuss it. They fell to death one after another, and they were still chanting mantras before dying.
Women's regiments are divided into red lanterns composed of young girls, black lanterns composed of widows and flower lanterns composed of prostitutes.
Among them, the one with the strongest combat effectiveness is the red light photo with the red light in the right hand and the red fan in the left.According to legend, those with high mana can perform floating performances on water, and even fly into the air.At that time, with a wave of the fan in your hand, the enemy's cannon will immediately fail; wherever the red light is thrown, there will be a sea of flames, and the entire longbow Apache.
After the Boxers entered Beijing, they began to divide the people of Beijing into divisions.The standard is not that rich people turn bad rightists, but big hair, two hairs, three hairs, four hairs, and fifty hairs.
Da Mao is a foreigner, who can be shot and killed; Er Mao is a religious citizen, who will be chopped down; San Mao and Si Mao are fake foreign devils who use foreign goods and store foreign books;
There is also a basis for judging whether they are religious people.The Boxers believe that those who are teaching have a hidden cross hidden in their scalps, and you can tell it at a glance-there is such an innovative identification method on the booth, you can only pray for God's blessing after you are caught.
The beastly boxers will burn every foreign country, and the Zhengyangmen tower was not spared.All banks were forced to close down, and all market transactions were paralyzed.
At the same time, because the wires were pulled down and the communication was interrupted, the imperial capital returned to the era of eight hundred li rush.
And Shandong, where Haiyan and Heqing are located, has just become a hub for information uploaded and distributed between Beijing and the southern provinces.Yuan Shikai played telegrams from all directions every day, and he was so busy that he spent all his clothes and food.Its important value has been highlighted again.
The believers were basically massacred, and those who survived fled to the Xishiku Cathedral to build a fortress to protect themselves.
The boxers were so red-eyed that they would not give up, so they slandered the citizens as the "White Lotus Sect" and started a new round of massacres.
As the admiral of the Nine Gates, Zai Xun is responsible for the security of the capital.Seeing that the situation was out of control, he took over Cixi's order to "handle regiment affairs" and prepared to put the Boxers on the right track.
Zai Xun set up a "general altar" in his palace, and recruited the elder brother of Kanziquan.When boxers enter the city again, the first thing they do is to report to Prince Zhuang's residence and wait for dispatch.
The problem is that not all boxers care about being in the system, after all, they are used to being heroes.
Thus, Qingheng, the leader of the Shenji Battalion (second rank), and his family of thirteen members were exterminated by boxers due to personal grievances.As his good friend, Zaiyi didn't dare to let go of a fart, so he dismissed the case with the excuse that "the murderer is a fake boxer".
Of course you may ask: "What political purpose did the Boxers have?"
As the saying goes, a mass movement without political demands is not a good movement, and the goal of the Boxers was Guangxu.
There are songs to prove it:
Give me back my country, give me back my rights, the master of swords, mountains, fires and seas dares to drill.Even if the emperor is convinced, he can't stop vowing not to kill foreigners.
As a result, the number one traitor was not caught, and many foreigners were not killed, but made outstanding achievements in killing innocent people indiscriminately.
In response to the growing doubts from the citizens, Zai Xun personally led the Boxers and the Tiger Camp to attack the Xishiku Cathedral, the headquarters of the foreign religion.
The surviving Da Mao and Er Mao in Beijing hid here, but the defenders only consisted of forty French and Italian soldiers.
The members of the regiment surrounded the church with kerosene and firewood, and chanted curses day and night to burn down the house, but they couldn’t ignite this solid Gothic building. They had to spread rumors that "the priests painted women's menstrual blood on the roof, so the spells didn't work." .
The Hushenying, as a mediocre and incompetent branch of the Eight Banners Beijing Army, is useless except for its clever name (tiger eats sheep, god overcomes ghosts. Homophonic "foreign devils").
Seeing that he was unable to attack for a long time, Qixiu, the Minister of Military Affairs recommended by Xu Tong, had a sudden idea and offered advice: "It seems that the Boxer Regiment's Taoism is still shallow. There is a great monk with boundless magic power in Mount Wutai. Why not invite him here."
Ten days later, the monk was invited by a special rider.
Qixiu said triumphantly at the military plane: "The eminent monk has arrived. Once the church is destroyed, the world will be at peace."
众人无不掩嘴偷笑。
和尚在庄亲王府住下，选了几十个红灯照操练。
这些娘子军扎着红抹头，长袖翩跹，念念有词，跟唱昆曲似的。载勋心里打鼓，问和尚什么时候攻打教堂，回答说：“今日三点，最为吉利。”
吉时一到，和尚骑马挥刀，率一众拳民直扑教堂。
没跑一半，但闻枪响，正中和尚要害，坠马而亡。后面的队伍溃散四逃，红灯照的幼女多被践踏而死，玉殒香消。
载漪闻讯，暴跳如雷，命工匠做了四个移动炮台，把“大将军”巨炮架上去轰。谁知炮弹打到屋瓦上竟无法穿透。
又命人挖地道，点燃装满火药的棺材，终于炸毁教堂一间房屋，死了几十个教民，却仍攻不下来。
义和团每日换班围攻，教堂纹丝不动，附近的民宅倒被烧毁了一大片，群众强烈抗议。
团民解释说：“这座教堂与别处不同，内壁粘满人皮。我等请神上体，行至楼前，即被秽物所冲，难以施法，且不能前。”
群众反问道：“不是说黑团（黑灯照）不惧邪秽吗，为何也不能制胜？”
团民被问住了，掩饰道：“时日未到，难以成功。等老团一到，自然扫荡无遗。”
满大街都是扛着大刀走来走去的义和团，每天还有海量新加入的，以至于“上自王公卿相，下至倡优隶卒”，全成了团民。
这就有些骇人听闻了。
慈禧心里七上八下：事实证明，能打的只剩下五支武卫军了。然而，荣禄貌合神离，不是装病就是哭丧着脸；聂士成因痛剿义和团被刚毅奏请革职留任；袁世凯远在山东；宋庆年事已高。
算来算去，只有董福祥的武卫后军足堪一用。
慈禧再三召见董福祥，勉慰有加。董福祥也慷慨保证，他既能杀洋人，也能灭义和团，总之太后指哪他打哪。
于是，武卫后军成了慈禧的王牌。
问题是王牌的前身是甘肃一带反清的匪帮军甘军，纪律极差，被左宗棠收编后稍有收敛，但野性依旧。
如今拱卫京师，独承天眷，董福祥以下，愈发肆无忌惮。
结果，入城第一天便出事了。
军队开入永定门，正巧碰上日本大使馆的书记官衫山乘车外出。
一营官喝问其何人，衫山据实以报。
后果是被干净利落地捅死。
士兵一拥而上，将衫山的尸体大卸八块，弃之道旁，血腥程度直追《人皮客栈》。
慈禧尚在权衡利弊，眼前就爆出了国际新闻，不禁恼羞成怒，把载漪和董福祥叫来痛斥了一番。
谁料董福祥毫无惧色道：“臣一人受罚，是罪有应得。但如果因此把甘军激成兵变，则京城的治安就大有可虑了。”
形势比人强，慈禧只好大事化小，小事化了。
退出来时，载漪拍了拍董福祥的后背，连夸他是英雄好汉，完全一副唯恐天下不乱的架势。
6月16日，列强海军向天津总兵罗荣光下最后通牒，命其交出大沽炮台。
是战是和，必须决断了。
于是，由六部九卿、王公大臣70多人参加的御前会议在东暖阁召开。
许久不见的光绪和荣禄也出现在众人的视野中，足见事态之严重。
其实，对义和团的实力和端王党对其的掌控力，慈禧已经深表怀疑。
入京以来，团民最威加海内的创举不是杀洋人，而是在焚烧老德记大药房时，火势蔓延，把前门大街一千八百多家商铺烧了个精光，无数饭庄旅店、烟馆戏院、古玩玉器、绫罗绸缎顷刻毁于一旦，经济严重倒退。
因此，开会前一天，慈禧留了个心眼儿，让军机处拟旨，速调李鸿章和袁世凯进京。
一个跟洋人谈判，一个诛灭义和团。
问题是电报废了，速调不了，只能靠驿马传旨。而时事瞬息万变，很快便不以一二人的意志为转移。
东暖阁。
光绪很愤怒，自己才撂挑子两年，大清朝就快寿终正寝了。他痛责诸臣不能弹压乱民，声色俱厉。
军机大臣王文韶叩头道：“外衅断不可开，使馆尤应力保。”
载漪当即喝阻，跋扈至极，王文韶低首不语。
光绪扫了一眼群臣，目光落到跪在御案旁的许景澄身上。
总理衙门大臣许景澄曾历任清廷驻六国公使，熟悉外情。
果然，他的回答与王文韶大同小异：“无论是非得失，万无以一国敌诸国之理。”
光绪颔首道：“甲午一战，创巨痛深。而诸国之强，十倍于日本，合而谋我，何以御之？”
端王党早已目无圣上，载漪和载勋甚至一度想带着团民去瀛台弑君，被慈禧拦下。此刻见鸽派一唱一和，立马嚷嚷起来。
眼看场面混乱，慈禧不得要领，只好宣布散会。
第二天的会议仍是黑压压跪了一片，靠近门口的中下级官员几乎听不清前面的君臣对奏，便自顾自地小声聊起来。
镜头给了翰林院侍读学士刘永亨和国史馆（翰林院下属机构）总纂恽毓鼎。
刘：“刚才我在董福祥那，他自信可将拳匪赶出城外。”
恽：“那你还不赶快告诉上边。”
刘永亨膝行至前，奏称：“臣刚才见到董福祥，他想请皇上的旨意驱逐乱民。”
话音刚落，载漪便跷出大拇指，阴阳怪气道：“好啊，这就是失人心的第一个法子。”
刘永亨害怕，不再往下说。
空气顿时凝滞，跪在门外的太常寺卿袁昶（ch ng）高呼道：“臣有话上奏！”
光绪让他进来。
袁昶抱怨道：“拳民实为乱民，万万不可倚仗。就算是有邪术，从古至今，也没有凭此而成事的。”
慈禧终于发话：“法术不足恃，人心也不足恃吗？中国积弱已极，若连人心也失却，何以立国？”
关键时刻，还是要稳住利益集团。毕竟八旗京营里，一半的人都入了义和团，稍有不慎，便会酿成巨变。
慈禧接着道：“今日京城扰乱，纷传洋人已经调兵。你们有何看法，从速奏来。”
群臣七嘴八舌，讨论出一套折中的方案：一面派总署大臣许景澄、那桐出境劝阻洋兵，一面安抚团民，设法解散。
会议大国盛产内容空洞、自欺欺人的所谓方案，这份也不例外。
怎么劝阻？如何解散？
显然大多数官员并不关心。他们见慈禧挥了挥手，便默默地退下了。
人潮散去，留下四个较真的官员：光禄寺卿曾广汉（曾国荃之孙）、大理寺少卿张亨嘉、侍读学士朱祖谋以及恽毓鼎。
朱祖谋大声道：“臣等还有话要说。”
两宫和荣禄都止步，等他四人进言。
张亨嘉力主剿灭拳匪，说只要诛杀几个头目，大事可定。
张是福建人，一口港台腔，听着很费劲。朱祖谋接过话头，大胆问道：“太后相信乱民可以御敌，不知想仰仗何人办此大事？”
慈禧不悦道：“我靠董福祥。”
岂料朱祖谋道：“董福祥是第一个不可靠的！”
慈禧脸色骤变：“你叫什么名字？”
“翰林院侍读学士朱祖谋。”
“你说董福祥不足恃，你保举个人来！”
朱祖谋一时语塞。
恽毓鼎道：“山东巡抚袁世凯，忠勇有谋，可以调京镇压乱民。”
曾广汉补充道：“两江总督刘坤一亦可。”
荣禄缓缓道：“刘坤一太远，袁世凯已前往调用了。”
慈禧只道这场犀利的记者招待会终于可以结束了，谁知恽毓鼎又抛出一个令人难堪的问题：“风闻銮舆（皇帝车驾）有西幸之说，京师乃根本重地，一走，天下就动摇了。”
慈禧力辩并无此事，剩下的臣工于是起立退下。
朱祖谋退到门外时，慈禧仍怒目相送。
当天，总署收到张之洞和刘坤一的联名上奏，要求速剿拳民。
刘坤一的原话是“一意痛剿”，张之洞给改成了缓和的“定计主剿，先剿后抚”，还在文末喊了一句铿锵有力、扫除迷信的口号：从来邪术不能御敌，乱民不能保国。
眼看慈禧就要迷途知返，意外发生了。
人之病，在国体；国之病，在人心
入夜后的北京黑烟弥漫，笼罩在一片阴惨惨的鬼气之中。
由于义和团认为神灵都是晚上下凡，故每当傍晚便啸聚到一起，挨家挨户砸门，命居民全部出来烧香。
荣禄早已睡下，却被一阵急促的敲门声惊醒。
来者是荣禄的心腹小罗，他带来一份惊天动地的绝密情报——由各国公使联名的四条照会：
一、指明一地，令光绪居住；
二、各国代收各省钱粮；
三、代掌天下兵权；
四、慈禧交权归政。
荣禄五雷轰顶，急忙追问。原来是小罗的父亲、江苏粮道罗嘉杰从《字林西报》的中国员工处得知的。
照会本拟作为报纸头条独家发布，结果尚未刊印便被泄露。
主和派荣禄一时间进退维谷。
理智告诉他开战必败。但不战，自己的下场会更惨。一旦慈禧如照会所言，把大权还给光绪，荣禄在戊戌年干的那些破事，不遭清算，没有天理。
左右为难的他绕室彷徨，不知东方之既白。最后的结论是：保命要紧。
次日黎明，接到荣禄密报的慈禧悲痛莫名，态度发生一百八十度急转弯。
It's easy to understand.对她而言，有中国而无大清，中国便无意义；有大清而她不掌权，大清便无意义。
为了一己之权，把中国乃至大清都押在一场胜算无几的赌局上，亦在所不惜。
然而，所谓的照会，不过是报馆工作人员夸张或误译的假情报。罗嘉杰为了邀功，玩笑开大了。
其实，若非总理衙门被载漪把持（总署警卫都换成了团民），外交渠道不畅，公使们又躲在东交民巷不敢出来，和战大计又岂会建立在一则谎言之上？
如果还是觉得过于戏剧化，我只能说：这就是专制。
第三次御前会议，慈禧彻底破罐子破摔。
她先公布了照会一事，却只宣谕了前三条。既而声泪俱下地控诉帝国主义连寡妇都要欺负的流氓行径：“今天的争端是他们挑起来的，亡国就在眼前。若拱手相让，我死也没有脸面见列祖列宗。既然都是个亡，一战而亡，不是更强点儿吗？”
言毕，全场惊愕，不知所措，二十几个皇亲贵胄竟相拥哭成一片。
载漪全力主战，语调激昂。慈禧也高声道：“今日之事，众位都听到了。我为江山社稷，不得已而宣战，后事固未可知。开战之后，若社稷仍不能保全，诸公今天全在这里，当知我苦心，不要归咎于我一人，说皇太后断送了祖宗三百年江山。”
前途未卜，不把百官绑在同一架战车上，慈禧也不敢贸然宣战。
而群臣听到太后不喊“列位爱卿”，竟改称“诸公”，无不震撼，一齐道：“臣等同心报国。”
决议是遣三个主和派大臣徐用仪、联元和立山前往使馆区晓以利害、最后通牒，一定要挑起战端的，可令下旗归国。
立山不想去，怕半道上被团民打死。
这不是危言耸听。孙家鼐不问世事，天天躲在深宅大院里，尚且被义和团拖出来公审，著作悉数被烧，立山一意主和，其能幸免乎？
于是，他以自己是户部尚书，并非总署大臣为由推辞。
慈禧当即反驳道：“你敢去也得去，不敢去也得去！”
立山只好随徐用仪和联元退下。
慈禧又命荣禄部署武卫中军的作战和防守，谕令说：“徐用仪等深入险境，可派兵在远处保护。”
散会后，群臣聚集在瀛秀门外，以照会之事询问几个总署大臣，皆面面相觑，不知所以。
下来后，光绪摒弃旧怨，好言叮嘱荣禄：“我兵全不可恃，事宜审慎。好在兵权在你手上。”
6月17日，大沽炮台沦陷，罗荣光战死。“归政”的凄凉命运若有似无地浮现在慈禧眼前，促使她召开了最后一次破釜沉舟的御前会议。
主题只有一个，宣战。
慈禧命许景澄去给各国使馆送照会，限所有工作人员24小时内离开北京，由中方派兵护送至天津。
主和派官员磕头哭劝，力陈不可。光绪面如死灰，竟不顾君臣之礼，离席抓住许景澄的手，小声道：“再好好商量。”
慈禧呵斥道：“皇帝放手，不要误事！”
许景澄神情恍惚，牵着光绪的衣袖抽泣不止。慈禧被哭哭啼啼的气氛搞得心烦意乱，厉声喝道：“许景澄无礼！