Chapter 10 〇Nine "chatting" with Mao Zedong
During my 18 years with Mao Zedong, I had a lot of "chatting" with him outside of work.It was a relaxed and happy atmosphere.Calling it "chatting" is just a phenomenon. As far as Mao Zedong was concerned, unless he fell asleep, there was almost no time for leisure.So his "chat" is purposeful, either to understand the situation in that area, or to discuss a certain issue, and he always listens more and speaks less.But as long as you say a word, or even an action, it has a profound meaning, and I always get inspiration and lessons from him.
The content of our conversation has been covered a lot in the memoirs I have written, and some of them have not had the opportunity to be described, so let’s focus on writing here.
On March 23, 1940, we returned to Yan'an.That night, Zhou Enlai gave a report to Mao Zedong, and of course he also mentioned that I was sent back by the Communist International and my mission.Therefore, Mao Zedong received me very quickly.
It was noon on the second day after returning to Yan'an.Zhou Enlai took me to meet Mao Zedong.Yangjialing, a row of stone cave dwellings, Mao Zedong paced in front of the door.As we approached him, he came forward with a smile.First I shook hands with Zhou Enlai tightly, and then Zhou Enlai introduced me to him.When I held his broad and honest hand, I was very excited-ah!This is the Mao Zedong in the photo taken by Snow that I saw in the Comintern!This is Mao Zedong who led the Chinese people to stand up and seek liberation!This is the great leader Mao Zedong that we long for and dream of meeting!Now I'm standing in front of him, holding his big, world-changing hand!
Seeing that I was a little nervous, Mao Zedong said jokingly: "Your face is like XX, and your demeanor is like XX." But I am not familiar with Chinese comrades. I don't know who he is talking about, and I don't remember him. Said the names of those people.Just staring at Mao Zedong, I didn't know how to answer for a moment.
Seeing me, Zhou Enlai hurriedly explained, "He doesn't know these people." Mao Zedong immediately changed the subject and asked, "Where are you from?"
"From Hancheng, Shaanxi." I replied. "Oh, you and Sima Qian are from the same hometown." This sentence immediately brought me closer to him.I can't tell if I admire him?Is reverence?or close?Or all three.His knowledge is so profound, he can find a common language with anyone, how big is the capacity of his mind? !
Then, he talked about the Longmen in Hancheng; he talked about the source of "Three folded waves in Yumen, a thunder on the flat ground"; he talked about the direction of Huanglong Mountain, saying that the Laoshan Mountain in Yan'an also belongs to the Huanglong Mountain Range, and Huanglong flows from west to west. East, stretching to the territory of Hancheng.
I said that when I was young, bandits in my hometown swarmed, and the masses often made troubles of "running thieves". People's lives were extremely unstable and they were often in fear.The property of ordinary people was looted, people were kidnapped, and even killed.It is said that Huanglong Mountain was a den of bandits back then.
Mao Zedong smiled and said humorously: "General Yang Hucheng also graduated from Huanglong Mountain."
I was surprised again, and said casually: "People in our hometown call him 'Yang Jiuwazi' by his baby name."
He asked about my family situation and experience, etc., and I only briefly introduced it.In subsequent contacts, there were many more in-depth conversations.But in this first meeting, through these simple conversations, he has figured out and mastered my basic situation.And my contact with Mao Zedong began from then on.
At the end of the meeting with Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong said earnestly: "Not only must you be able to eat bread, but you must also be able to eat millet."
I understand what he means very well. He hopes that I will be trained in the furnace of the Chinese revolution and struggle in a difficult environment.The words in my heart were: "I will never leave the motherland again!" After that, my contact with Mao Zedong gradually increased.When we rest in the middle of work, when we take a walk on the bank of the Yan River after dinner, or during the march, there are good opportunities for us to "chat".We exchanged ideas and feelings during the conversation; he learned about my life experience from me, and learned a lot about the situation of the Soviet Union and the Communist International. I received a lot of education and inspiration from his philosophical talks .
Although he already had a basic understanding of me at the first meeting with Mao Zedong, he didn't stop there, he still wanted to know more about me.In his free time later, he still wanted me to talk about my background and experiences.I also want Mao Zedong to know more about me, so as long as he is willing to listen, I will talk.
I told him about my origins.
I was born in Jingyi Village, Hancheng County (now Hancheng City), Shaanxi Province, on May 24 of the lunar calendar (June 30 of the Gregorian calendar) in 1905.
In the family where I was born and spent my childhood and adolescence, it was my mother who talked more.Because my mother is so virtuous, I miss her so much, I always think about her and talk about her unconsciously.
His mother was born in a wealthy family surnamed Ji in Xiyuan Village, Hancheng.When I was young, I heard the adults say this: One morning, my grandfather got up and came to the courtyard. There was a burst of fragrance. He searched for the fragrance and found a bright red rose, which was the only one!And when the flowers bloomed, it was also when my mother was born. My grandfather was thinking about the name of his daughter who had just come to the world. Seeing that only one rose was blooming, and it was so graceful, he silently recited "One Rose" Duohong, Yiduohong", suddenly had an idea: "Yes, why not call my daughter 'Yiduo'!" This is the origin of my mother's name.
In the family where my mother lived since childhood, the material life is relatively superior, but the Tao of Confucius and Mencius, and the "three obediences and four virtues" are the core of educating women.Under the shackles of this feudal ethics, she became a daughter-in-law at the age of 15, and suffering accompanied her all her life.
Now fifteen or sixteen-year-old girls are the most carefree and motivated in their studies.But at that time, women at the age of fifteen or sixteen were considered adults.My mother is a typical example of thousands of working women.Her short and thin body and her childish heart have provoked the burden of life for the whole family.
She served her in-laws meticulously.Since the age of 16, she has had children and raised 9 children, 7 of whom have grown up.At that time, the survival rate of children was so high, it should be fully attributed to my mother.Every child is her darling, and she does not let them suffer any grievances. Except for the farm work in the field, the food, clothing, and use of the whole family of ten or so members come from her hands.And her needlework and food production are well-known in the whole village.Women regard her clothing and food as the highest standard and admire her to the extreme.
Now who would have thought that such an expert family manager, the pillar of the whole family, would be abused!In that ignorant and barbaric era, the mother-in-law enjoyed abusing her daughter-in-law; the husband called his wife his "dignity".My mother lives in terror every day.As long as she heard her husband whispering to her mother-in-law, or hearing her husband's footsteps, she would tremble with fear, because there would be fists and kicks next to her, and her body was always bruised.
There is no need for any reason for their beating and scolding, let alone reasoning, anything may become an excuse for their beating and scolding.For example: Once my mother was carrying grain, she carried a dustpan containing dozens of catties of flour across the yard.Due to the heavy weight, she exerted all her strength and her face was flushed.The mother-in-law said that she blushed when she saw the wild man outside the gate.Needless to say, it was another beating. (Thus, I also realized: "If you want to commit a crime, there is no excuse for it" exists with feudalism, and has deep roots in China!)
The natal family that once gave her infinite warmth was powerless to her suffering, because "the married girl is the water poured out"!
She can only resign herself to fate, and still takes it as her duty to respect her parents-in-law and be a good wife and mother, endure humiliation and bear the burden, and swallow her anger.Because in that society, "marry a chicken and follow the chicken, marry a dog and follow the dog" is a generally accepted moral code, and you must never go one step further than others.
When I was 13 years old, I felt like a man and I stood up for my mother.The father probably realized that he could not afford to offend his son, so he gradually stopped abusing his mother.Later, I heard my daughter Qiulang say: During the ten years since I left home, her grandmother often shed tears because she missed her eldest son (me).
(Qiu Lang's narrative: The aunt who takes care of my father now often says: "Your father is so old, and his mother sheds tears when talking about it." It can be seen that their mother and child love each other, and it can be seen that he sympathizes with my grandmother too much. In fact, I am the same as him , Speaking of grandma, I can’t stop crying.)
My mother only lived to be 51 years old, and I was in the Soviet Union at that time. I was unable to take care of her, let alone die, what a pity.
When Mao Zedong listened to my narrative, he was quite moved.It turned out that he also had a kind mother, and he loved his mother very much.He said that his mother never reprimanded him or blamed him, but he learned the most from her.
When he was teaching in Changsha in 1919, his mother fell ill. He took her to Changsha for treatment. Unfortunately, her condition worsened and she died at the age of 53.At that time, he wrote "Mother's Essay" to express his grief.He also recited it to me, but I couldn't remember it.Later, when I visited Shaoshan, I saw this inscription in front of his parents' joint tomb and read it carefully.Remember the previous few sentences: "My mother is high-spirited, and the first to promote fraternity. Love chooses relatives, and everything is covered; ..."
How much alike our mothers are!
My grandfather was illiterate and a hardworking and honest farmer.With his own hands, at the foot of the mountain in the northwest of the village, he developed the stone mountain of Wangchanggou and reorganized it into terraced fields.Throughout the year, he faced the loess and turned his back to the sky, saved money on food and expenses, and saved up his family property. He actually built a quite tall house with a courtyard at that time.The only unsatisfactory thing is the lack of heirs. From the Ming Dynasty, after the two brothers of the Shi family moved to Jingyi Village, they were divided into the south gate and the north gate.The population of the south gate is prosperous, while the population of the north gate is sparse.This formed a contrast between strength and weakness in feudal society.Beimen felt oppressed, dishonored, and even bullied.My grandfather was from the Beimen branch.
Grandfather's ex-wife died young.In the 18th year of Guangxu's reign, there was a severe famine, and people died of hunger everywhere.A big girl escaped overnight when she heard her parents talking about eating her to satisfy her hunger.I met my grandfather's cousin in the wild, and through his arrangement, my grandfather took her in.She is my grandmother.
My grandmother gave birth to four children, and only my father survived.People often refer to my grandfather as "a branch of grain in a ten-acre field", describing his loneliness and danger as a human being.Under the dominance of Confucius's thoughts of "There are three kinds of unfilial piety, and having no offspring is the greatest" and "more sons, more blessings", the only child is naturally a heart disease of the grandfather.After my parents gave birth to 9 children, 5 boys and 2 girls survived, they finally passed away happily.
It goes without saying that his father was a teacher of Yunhan, and he was the lifeblood of his grandfather.His grandfather worked hard to support him in school. He finished Longmen Academy (equivalent to high school), and he was already a great intellectual in the countryside. Every year, he wrote almost all the spring couplets in the village and the couplets on red and white weddings and ceremonies.
My father taught elementary school in this village and was also my first teacher.I studied with him when I was 6 years old, and his "education" to me was nothing but beating and scolding.The father in my eyes is the one who beats and scolds students at school and beats and scolds his wife when he comes home. I am very disgusted with him.
When I was 8 years old, my hometown was "running thieves" every three days. I knew that my father was most worried about my safety, so I took the opportunity to ask to study in the county town, and he immediately agreed.He sent me to the county elementary model primary school (namely Minglun Primary School), and entrusted me to my cousin Jia Zizheng who taught in the school. At the age of 12, he entered high school.
I could see that although my father was rough, he was most afraid of losing me, and gradually he was even afraid of offending me.Realizing my weight, I began to try to fight against my father and protect my mother.It was smooth, successful, and he was much better for his mother.But I still keep my distance from him.When I need money, I never ask him directly, but through my mother. Although he meets my request every time, I still don't like him!
Mao Zedong said that his father was similar, very irritable.Often beat his mother, also beat him."They're all 'patriarchy' and 'patriarchy'," he said.
There is a pond in front of his house, and the water is submerged.When he was ten years old, his father beat him again, so he ran to the pond and threatened his father by jumping into the pond.He shouted to his father: "If you hit me, if you hit me again, I will jump into the pond. If I drown, you will have no son. If you die, no one will burn incense for you!" He said with a smile: "This After a very clever move, my father stopped chasing him, and almost begged him: Come here, I won't beat you anymore."
Mao Zedong's final conclusion was: "They are all afraid of losing their sons. This is their weakness. If you attack their weaknesses, you can win!"
Around 1920, many passionate youths in southern my country went to France for work-study programs.Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Wang Ruofei, Xu Teli and others are the backbone of the students studying in France.Mao Zedong not only supported them, but even personally organized them to go.I once asked Mao Zedong: "Why don't you go yourself?"
Mao Zedong's answer was: "I want to go too, really want to go. But my first subject is China, and I want to study China thoroughly! For foreign countries, they go to study, report back when they come back, and divide labor and cooperate."
Mao Zedong knew the situation in northern my country back then.But he wanted to know more about how I went from Shaanxi to the Soviet Union.
I have to start from the beginning: I graduated from high school at the age of 15, and my family married me a daughter-in-law, who is Akiyoshiro's mother.
Marrying a daughter-in-law is the need of parents.Not what I need, I still have to go to school, to acquire knowledge.So actively looking for a school that suits me.First, I went to Jayang, a neighboring county, and went to a newly established middle school, but the school was irregular, lacked teachers, and couldn't learn anything, so I only attended one semester.At the beginning of the following year (1921), I went to Xi'an and was admitted to the Provincial First Normal School (formerly known as Longmen Academy).But I don't want to be a teacher, but there is no suitable school, so I have to settle down temporarily to seek knowledge.
At that time, China was in turmoil, with warlords fighting and bandits swarming; the interference and aggression of various imperialist countries in China continued unabated, especially the British and Japanese imperialists colluding with each other and invading China.I didn't have the heart to bury my head in reading at school, but devoted most of my energy and time to social activities.So I got acquainted with people from all walks of life, patriotic students from various colleges and universities, etc. When we got together, we always talked about the suffering of the country and complained about the incompetence and corruption of the government.
In particular, the "May 30th" tragedy broke out in Shanghai, which aroused the righteous indignation of all patriots and expressed solidarity, and Xi'an was no exception.However, Wu Xintian, a local warlord in Shaanxi at that time, nicknamed "King of Hanzhong", was appointed as the supervisor of Shaanxi. This person was extremely reactionary and ruthless.He ordered his subordinates to humiliate young students at will and suppress the patriotic movement of the masses, which further aroused even greater resistance from the masses and triggered an extremely extensive and intense "Wu (Xintian) Movement" in Xi'an's industrial, commercial, and academic circles. A comprehensive strike, school strike, school strike, and market strike were held, making Xi'an a dead city.
Mao Zedong said that it was the same in Hunan at that time.Several teaching cases occurred, which aroused the masses' greater courage to fight against imperialism and save the country, and the students were the pioneers.Warlord governor Zhang Jingyao blindly worshiped foreigners, lost power and humiliated the country, and suppressed students. Therefore, in 1919, the "Expelling Zhang (Respecting Yao) Movement" was launched in Hunan.It can be seen that the whole people share common sufferings and common demands, that is, to lift the three mountains that are pressing on their heads.This is the dry firewood all over the country, so "a single spark can start a prairie fire!" I said that I was sent to the Soviet Union from the military academy in 1925.
Mao Zedong asked: "Did you have the Communist Party and the Red Army in Shaanxi in 1925?"
I said: There is no party branch yet, but there is a party group, which has a great influence. The most influential communist at that time was Comrade Wei Yechou.
The October Socialist Revolution in the Soviet Union succeeded, and Marxism-Leninism quickly spread to China and also to Shaanxi. The overseas students who returned from Japan in 1923 often brought back some books introducing Marxism-Leninism, such as "A Brief Introduction to Marxist Socialism", "Socialist Revolution in the Soviet Union", and "The History of the October Revolution" that I saw and read. and other books, as well as some pamphlets introducing Leninism.I remember that China translated "Lenin" as "Li Ning" at that time, and the picture of Lenin in the painting was wearing a long robe and mandarin jacket, and a melon skin hat on his head.Mao Zedong smiled slightly.
In 1924, I read some Marx's books and pamphlets on the future of communism.
I heard that Shanghai University is a gathering place for revolutionary youth, and the president of Shanghai University is Yu Youren, so I also want to go to university.So at the beginning of 1925, I made an appointment with Fan Mingchu.But to the east of Weinan, just in time for the battle in the west of Henan (Liu Zhenhua's Zhensong Army and Hu Jingyi's National Second Army merged), he failed to make the trip and returned to Xi'an.But all the schools in Xi'an were paralyzed, and I returned to my hometown, Hancheng County.
When I got home, the students in my hometown were also having a riot.The county government, the gentry, the militia, landlord bullies, etc. joined forces to suppress the students.The hearts of students are connected, so some students contacted me. Of course, I supported them and offered some ideas.So the local gentry and landlords decided that I was the backer of the students and threatened to attack me. In fact, the guards and militia defense personnel were already acting secretly.When my father heard the news, he urged me to leave quickly.
Where are we going?It turns out that I heard that Feng Yuxiang and Hu Jingyi established the National Army, which is relatively progressive, and the territory under their jurisdiction still has a democratic atmosphere.So I asked Xue Zhichao, a teacher of the three high schools, to go to Henan via Shanxi together.
When I traveled to Luoyang, Zhengzhou, Kaifeng and other places, it turned out that the labor and student movements in these places became more powerful and had never been suppressed.
At that time, the distribution of the first, second and third armies of the National Army was as follows: Feng Yuxiang of the first army was stationed in Beijing, Zhangjiakou, Suiyuan, Rehe, Chahar and other places; Hu Jingyi of the second army was stationed in Hebei, Henan, Shandong and other provinces; Shaanxi, Gansu.
After we arrived in Kaifeng, we joined the Second Army and were sent to the Kaifeng Army Training Office to study.In Kaifeng, I saw for the first time a communist, Wang Ruofei, who was engaged in the labor movement there.Later I heard that Li Dazhao had also been to Kaifeng and met Hu Jingyi.Their meeting was a bridge between Yu Youren and Qu Wu.
At that time Zhengzhou and Kaifeng did have some freedom of speech and social activities.Celebrities from the south, social leaders (such as Huang Shaohong, Li Liejun, etc.), college students, overseas students, etc. came here one after another (mostly for the purpose of funding activities here), and it was very lively, full of talents, and thriving.Experts and military advisers from the Soviet Union were also invited to come. In order to receive them, three reception offices were specially set up in Kaifeng.
At the turn of the spring and summer of this year, with the help of Li Dazhao, the Soviet government reached an agreement with the First and Second National Armies: each of the two armies sent 25 students to the Soviet Union to study, and I was selected (in addition there were others). Two or three students transferred from Whampoa Military Academy).
Mao Zedong asked me again: "How many of those students participated in the revolution?"
I replied: "There were some during the upsurge of the revolution, but in the end there were only a few left, such as Wang Zhitao, Qian Dexiu, Zhang Chenggong and others."
I didn't wait for him to ask again, and added: "After I arrived in the Soviet Union, I joined the Russian branch of the Chinese Communist Party at the Kyiv Military Academy in 1926."
Mao Zedong said, "The road to revolution is very long and tortuous, and you will encounter many difficulties. You should be fully prepared mentally." He said again: "You must be able to eat bread and millet."
I said, "The bread wasn't that good either. I lived through the hard times in the Soviet Union, and it was really a belt-tightening. It was the end of the New Economic Policy and the first five-year economic construction plan to the second five-year economic construction plan." In the early stage of the annual plan, for more than 6 years, food rations were implemented. Except for foreign experts, professors, scholars and scientific and technical personnel, all urban workers were provided according to rations, and most people could not eat enough. I am skinny , the doctor said I looked like a stick chicken when I checked my body."
The bourgeoisie at home and abroad say, "The Five-Year Plan has brought the economy to the brink of collapse." But the working people look forward to the future and are full of confidence, so they are still very motivated.
Mao Zedong said: "Okay, you can be angry but not discouraged." He also said that he appreciated my words, saying that he rarely heard someone introduce the Soviet Union in this way.Many people who came back from the Soviet Union can only talk about superficial phenomena and do not have a deep understanding of Soviet society.
I realized that Mao Zedong wanted to understand the Soviet Union in depth from various angles (in particular, he wanted to verify what Wang Ming and Kang Sheng said about the Soviet Union).But I am just talking about my feelings and understandings based on my own personal feelings and what I know from reality.I went on to say: Soviet military school life is not so satisfactory.I like the combined officers' school in Kyiv, not the engineering ping-pong school in Moscow.
After more than 50 of us arrived in the Soviet Union, most of them were sent to the Kyiv Military Officers' Joint School for two years.Others go to air school or military school.
Two years later, several classmates and I were transferred to the Moscow Engineering Corps School to continue our studies. Soon, the school appointed me as the platoon leader of the Chinese students, and at the same time served as an interpreter.
Mao Zedong said: "You are a veteran translator." Then he asked me: "Do the Soviet military academies set up philosophy courses? How do they teach philosophy courses?"
I said: "All schools above the middle level in the Soviet Union, especially adult schools, without exception, set up four courses like this: "History of the Communist Party of the Union", "Philosophy", "Political Economy" and "Problems of Leninism", etc. .”
Mao Zedong said: "Old Xu (Xu Teli), Lin Lao (Lin Boqu), Ye Jianying and other comrades have all introduced the situation of studying philosophy after returning from the Soviet Union." He also said that he had also heard their lectures on materialist dialectics. This class is of particular interest.
I introduced to him in detail my own gains and experiences from studying these courses, which are the theoretical basis for my improvement of ideological awareness and firmness.
Mao Zedong asked me: "You studied military affairs, why did you go to do security work again?" This is an unpleasant memory in my life: We entered the Kyiv Military Academy in 1925 and graduated in 1927. The delegation to the Communist International (including Comrade Zhou Enlai) decided to select a group of outstanding Chinese students from the military academy to continue their studies in the Soviet Union and study security work at the same time (China did not have this condition at the time), and returned to China to participate in actual work after finishing their studies.I am one of less than 20 Chinese students recruited by the Communist Party of China.Although I really want to go back to China, but I am a party member, I should unconditionally obey the organization's decision, and I naturally hope to survive two years before returning to China.
There are no textbooks for learning security work, and you can only learn in actual work, that is, work.
Unexpectedly, the two years were about to end, but at the end of 1929, I was sent to Siberia and entered the security agency GPU (Security Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs), where I worked for 9 years.The Soviets can be transferred after only working in one place for two or three years at most, but I can't move because "no one can take over my job."
At the beginning of 1938, the Soviet Union suddenly decided that the security agencies would not use foreigners at all.But my immediate superior still wanted to tie me down. He asked the central government to keep me from the March report, and he got an approval in August—"without exception"!Including myself, a Chinese who has worked in security work for 9 years, must leave immediately.After I found out, I was both indignant and happy.Resentful at their indifference (my wife, Alia, was even more angry than I was); and very happy that I could finally get away with it.
According to the regulations of the Soviet Union, when the security cadres left the GPU, in addition to receiving a few months' salary at a time, they also had a considerable sum of rubles such as retirement fees and dependents' allowances. The accountant had already calculated it for me, but I didn't get it. Without asking for a penny, he rushed to Moscow with his wife and children, and found the head of the CCP delegation to the Communist International. He was Comrade Ren Bishi.Mao Zedong asked me if I had a good time?
In Siberia, our agency is located in the central city of Novosibirsk, which governs a vast area from the east of the Ural Mountains to Yagugia, Chita, Bryato-Mongolia, and the Altai Mountains. My main achievement in the past 9 years is that I have traveled all over Siberia and got to know Siberia well.
Beginning in 1931, the Japanese invaders occupied the three northeastern provinces of our country, and my main task became serving Chinese citizens who crossed the border into the Soviet Union. This is something I can comfort myself with.More than 15,000 well-known Chinese people were received and resettled, including Ding Chao, Li Du, Wang Delin, Ma Zhanshan, Su Bingwen, Feng Xijiu, Wu Delin, Wu Yicheng, Yu Jiujiang and other anti-Japanese generals and celebrities, as well as Communist Yang Mingzhai. Wait.Most of them continued to lead the anti-Japanese troops or continue to do anti-Japanese work after studying and resting in the Soviet Union, going to Shanghai via France or returning to China through Xinjiang.
The Chinese who crossed the Sino-Soviet border in the northeast to Siberia told us about the heinous crimes of the Japanese invaders in the northeast.For example, the Japanese army forced the Chinese to build military fortifications for them and dig holes in the mountains to build airports.After the fortifications were completed, in order to keep secret, all the Chinese who were forced to work were buried alive or thrown into the river, and the big pits for burying people had to be dug by the Chinese themselves, and then jumped into and buried.It smells outrageous!The motherland is suffering!My fellow citizens are in dire straits!This made me irritable and anxious, and I was even more eager to return home, but I still couldn't live without it!
One of my greatest displeasures of nine years was the Great Russian chauvinist yoke.Great Russian chauvinism was once hated by Lenin!As a Russian, Lenin knew chauvinism best, understood its dangers and dangers most thoroughly, and opposed Great Russian chauvinism most resolutely, confidently, without scruples, and very powerfully.Under Lenin's efforts, it was indeed suppressed.But after all, this is a bad root of a nation, and it is difficult to cure it.Lenin died, Stalin was the supreme leader.Stalin was a Georgian. Not only could he not oppose the chauvinism of the Russian great power like Lenin, but he even acted more Russian than Russians in order to stand firm for himself.Not to mention anything else, just my own personal experience: During the nine years, I suffered from exclusion and oppression.For the sake of the party and the revolution, I am willing to suffer and suffer, even being used like a slave. However, when I have achieved results in my work and should be rewarded or promoted, my superiors will be wiped out when they see that I am a foreigner.This happens many times!
Not to say that all Russians are chauvinists, for example, my wife Alia is a real Russian, but she is very upright, humble and polite.She loves her motherland, and she also loves China. As long as anyone shows disrespect for China, she will stand up and refute or fight back.But such a gentleman cannot represent her whole nation after all.
I left the GPU and went to Moscow. In Moscow, with the help of Wang Youzhi's wife, Niula, I found a foreigner.Immediately, he searched for his relatives in the motherland—the delegation of the Communist Party of China to the Communist International.
Fortunately, the CCP delegation was no longer controlled by Wang Ming and others, but was led by Comrade Ren Bishi, the "mother of the party".
After Comrade Ren Bishi arrived at the Communist International, he quickly opened up a communication line from Moscow to the inland via Xinjiang.We went back to China to take this line of communication, which is a difficult and long line of communication.
What I want to explain here is that this line of communication has played a major role.At that time, the munitions and equipment that the Soviet Union aided China in resisting Japan were transported along this route.But the aid from the Soviet Union was given to the Chinese government, that is, the Kuomintang government, in order to support the resistance against Japan.The Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army under the leadership of our party were the ones who were really active in resisting Japan. However, Chairman Jiang did not give our army a single bullet, nor did the Soviet Union give our army a single bullet or penny for these military aids. care and support.The benefit we get from this line of communication, apart from being able to leave, is that we can occasionally exchange some books and newspapers with the Soviet Union.
In 1942, the military attache of the Soviet embassy in Chongqing suggested to the Chiang Kai-shek government that the Eighth Route Army had made great contributions in resisting the Japanese. They resisted 80% of the Japanese and puppet troops. It is reasonable that the Soviet military aid to China should be distributed to them.This suggestion is fine if you don’t mention it. Not only was it not given to the soldiers, but the Kuomintang also ordered the checkpoint in Lanzhou to seize and destroy all the books and newspapers that passed through here from the Soviet Union, so nothing was received.
With Sheng Shicai's rebellion in 1942, a large number of Communist Party members in Xinjiang were thrown into prison, and this line of communication was interrupted.
When I talked about this line of communication with Mao Zedong, the above things had not yet happened.I just talked to him about my situation after I arrived in the Communist International, and comrades asked me to help him work when I was in charge of cooking.At that time, domestic newspapers and periodicals could still come in a steady stream. Although it had been a long time, people in Moscow still felt that it was very fresh.In particular, Mao Zedong's articles, conversation records and various statements, etc., make these wanderers like nectar after a long drought, nourishing our hearts.I was busy day and night, translating the full text of Chairman Mao's speeches into Russian, and other materials were excerpts and excerpts, and introduced them to the Communist Party delegations of various countries to the Communist International.The Chinese comrades who were imprisoned by Wang Ming and Kang Sheng using the expansion of the Soviet Union's anti-revolutionary campaign were also screened one by one, and they were released. Most of them were sent back to China, such as Chen Yu and Li Lisan.
Listening to these, Mao Zedong just pondered and didn't say anything.
Mao Zedong was good at inspiring people to talk, and I like to pour out what is in my heart, so most of the time I speak and he listens.And as long as he speaks, there are profound meanings.For example: when we were walking, we met a stone on the road, and he said: "If you walk on this road at night, you may stumble because you don't understand the situation. But the stone exists objectively, and you stumble because you don't know the situation." Understand the situation. Therefore, the disadvantages and setbacks are all due to my lack of understanding of the objective situation, no wonder others.”
Every few words he said was enough for me to ponder for a long time, absorb the true meaning of them, and make up for my deficiencies.
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Notes: