Chapter 9 〇8 Mao Zedong's Love

I have worked beside Mao Zedong for 18 years. The more I got in touch with him, the deeper and wider I got to know him, and the more I admired him. No matter from which aspect, he is an outstanding figure and a representative of China. A truly great leader of the people!The lessons I have learned from him are profound and wide-ranging, and I will never forget his words and deeds, his voice, smile, and demeanor, which are still vivid in my mind. At the beginning of 1940, I returned to the motherland with Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi. I was dispatched by the Communist International. The task was to participate in the preparation and convening of the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and then return to the Communist International to report.Because under the circumstances at that time, it was very inconvenient and impossible to send a foreigner to Yan'an to perform this task.

After we returned to Yan'an, the convening of the "Seventh National Congress" was postponed.So Zhou Enlai arranged me next to Ren Bishi. In name, I was Comrade Bishi’s secretary. In fact, I mainly served as the Russian translator for Chairman Mao, and at the same time carried out the tasks assigned by the Communist International. Only a few people such as Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Ren Porridge You know, before I wrote my memoirs, I never publicized it. At that time, Soviet planes flew to Yan'an and Song Dynasty at least once or twice a year. At the end of 1942, the Soviet plane arrived in Yan'an again, and brought a message from the Communist International, asking me to return to the International to report on my work. When Chairman Mao heard this message, he was taken aback for a moment, and then looked at me, meaning to ask me about my attitude.I immediately said, "I won't go back!" The chairman said, "Well, you can talk to him."

So in front of the chairman, I said to the comrades in the Soviet Union, "Please tell Comrade Dimitrov that the situation in China is so tense and the tasks are very heavy. People are needed here, and I cannot go back." In this way, the chairman knows that I don't want to leave China again, so don't worry!I also know that the chairman needs me, and I am relieved.So when I was urged to return to the CCP for the second and third times, I still refused. At that time, the chairman also said to me: "It will be more useful for you to stay in China. If the CCP must send people to the CCP, we can do it elsewhere." send someone."

In March 1943, the Communist International was dissolved.When I translated the call from the international side and read it to the chairman, the chairman said excitedly: "They are doing the right thing, I advocated not to have this institution." Then he smiled at me and said: "You are also liberated. "Needless to say, I feel the same way. When I returned to China, Chairman Mao's leading position in the party had already been firmly established.However, every time he takes a step forward, he still has to test again and again, to find out, understand thoroughly, be cautious, and only do it when he is very sure.This is especially true in the aspect of employing people. He must observe and assess for a period of time-to understand his ideology, morality and ability, etc., before deciding whether to use and how to use his strengths.The chairman often said: to look at a person, not only to listen to his words, but also to watch his actions. From January 1943 to July 1944, I worked in the security department of the border area. During this period, I was sent to Suide and Guanzhong special areas to deal with some difficult problems caused by the "rescue movement" there (see my memoir "I Experienced Yan'an "Rescue Movement"" - published in "Chinese Heroes" No. 4, 1989).Through these tasks, I myself had the opportunity to exercise at the grassroots level, and Chairman Mao also got to know me and tested me.

One thing I don’t want to mention but needs to be mentioned is: Kang Sheng, a traitor who is good at making money, pays most attention to detecting the "climate" around Chairman Mao. He got the information that Chairman Mao wants to use me and has a good impression of me. , so he tried to transfer me from the security office of the border area to the director of the first room of the Central Social Department under his jurisdiction, and told Chairman Mao: "Shi Zhe has been transferred to the Central Social Department and lives near you in Zaoyuan. It’s also very convenient to find Shi Zhe for anything.” He also said to others that he introduced me to the chairman, which is of course nonsense and pure bragging!

A few days after I arrived in Zaoyuan, the chairman called me. I wondered how the chairman knew that I had arrived in Zaoyuan so quickly.After I got to him.He told me the ins and outs, and only then did I know that it was Kang Sheng who did it.From this, I also have a further understanding of Kang Sheng's work and pursuit. The chairman paid great attention to uniting the cadres.During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he repeatedly said that we must be cruel to the enemy and be kind to ourselves.Zhang Wentian's theoretical accomplishment is relatively high, and he has prestige in the party, but he is somewhat bookish, and his attitude towards many issues of principle is sometimes not clear enough.On the contrary, Wang Jiaxiang has a clear attitude towards the issue, with a clear line between right and wrong.At the Zunyi meeting, it was he who cast the crucial vote, which Chairman Mao attached great importance to.Usually the chairman pays great attention to uniting them.When the five secretaries of the Central Committee all lived in Zaoyuan, Zhang Wentian was invited to stay in Zaoyuan, and he was sometimes invited to attend the meetings of the Central Secretariat.During the rectification period, Wang Jiaxiang was invited to be the leader of the Central Advanced Study Group, and he was also invited to be the director of the International Policy Research Office.When the International Policy Research Office was established, the chairman personally presided over the inaugural meeting to show his importance.However, Wang Jiaxiang showed that he was not enthusiastic about this work at that time. When I, as his first assistant, asked him for instructions, he mostly kept silent, and the work of this research laboratory has not been carried out.The chairman always invites them to participate in some important symposiums, to attend the meetings of the Central Committee and the meetings of the Politburo.Not only for them, but also for their subordinates, such as Wu Liangping, head of the Central Propaganda Department, who often invite them to attend Politburo meetings.As for their lives, it is even more caring.

Kai Feng was the one who didn't understand the Zunyi Conference, but the chairman paid great attention to unity with him. At the end of 1937, Wang Ming arrived in Wuhan. There were four members of the Central South Bureau of the Communist Party of China in Wuhan: Wang Ming, Zhou Enlai, Bogu, and Kaifeng.Kai Feng resolutely resisted Wang Ming's conspiracy to set up the Second Central Committee, and the chairman also kept this in mind. In 1942, the chairman made a report on "Opposition Party Stereotypes" in Yan'an. The chairman asked Kaifeng to preside over the meeting and gave a speech.

Because the chairman attaches great importance to a certain job, it is often reflected in his attitude towards cadres.After the incident in southern Anhui, the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party dropped to the lowest point since the Anti-Japanese War. In January and February 1942, when Lin Biao returned from the Soviet Union, the chairman asked him not to return to Yan'an, but to go directly from Xi'an to Chongqing to meet Chiang Kai-shek and do some united front work in order to improve the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. This was one of the chairman's strategies.He believed that Lin Biao had favorable conditions for this job—first, he was a student of Chiang Kai-shek when he was in Huangpu; second, he was the commander of the world-famous Pingxingguan Battle; third, he had just returned from the Soviet Union, Has an international and Soviet background.I couldn't understand the Chairman's decision at the time. I asked the Chairman a question, but the Chairman was inconvenient to explain. He just insisted on doing so.Later I gradually understood that it was because if Lin returned to Yan'an first and then went to see Jiang, Jiang would be suspicious and think that he was speaking on behalf of the CCP.Lin Biao lived in Xi'an for a long time, and the chairman kept sending telegrams or messages to let him live in peace.On the morning when Lin Biao completed his mission and returned to Yan'an, I came out of the cave, met the Chairman unexpectedly, and went down the mountain together.As he walked, he said to me: "Lin Biao is back, I'll go pick him up." I was moved when I heard this, and thought: Commander-in-Chief Zhu returned from the front, and Enlai and Porridge returned from the Soviet Union. The chairman didn't go to greet him. Meet Lin Biao, whose status is much lower than theirs?I immediately said, "I'll pick it up too." The chairman asked in surprise, "Do you know Lin Biao?" I said, "He was recuperating in the Soviet Union for two years. I often took care of him and solved his problems."

We waited in the yard for a while before the big truck arrived.When Lin Biao got out of the car, the chairman went up to him and shook hands with him warmly. Lin Biao turned around and saw me, and extended his other hand to me.The chairman kept holding Lin Biao's hand and went back to the cave. I thought it was as great as Stalin once holding the hand of a Red Army general.The chairman ordered the kitchen to prepare meals for Lin Biao, and let Lin Biao live near him in Yangjialing. In August 1942, Chiang Kai-shek invited Chairman Mao to Xi'an for a meeting. Out of security considerations, the central government thought it was inconvenient for Chairman Mao to go, so Lin Biao was still sent to Chongqing on October 7.This time Chiang Kai-shek's attitude towards Lin Biao changed drastically. After meeting Lin Biao on October 13, he stopped seeing him, and he and Zhou Enlai were not allowed to leave Chongqing.They were not able to return to Yan'an until after the dissolution of the Communist International in March 1943, which was July 16 of the same year.Before leaving, Chiang Kai-shek met with Lin Biao again, pretending to be.

In contrast, the chairman was relatively indifferent to Li Lisan. At the beginning of 1946, Li Li's third Soviet team returned to the Northeast. In May, he took the opportunity of participating in the peace talks of the Northeast Three-person Group to fly to Yan'an and live in the Central Organization Department.He called me and asked to see the chairman.I considered that both he and the chairman were from Hunan, and they had engaged in the student movement together long before the May 4th Movement. It was the first time I returned to the Central Committee, so I made my own initiative and agreed happily on behalf of the chairman, saying, "Yes, I will notify you when the arrangements are made."

I went to ask the chairman for instructions, but the chairman said indifferently: "Okay, where is he?" After I answered, he said: "See him tomorrow morning." At that time, the chairman lived in Wangjiaping. No preparations, just greeted the waiter: "The guest is here, pour a cup of tea." After the meeting, the chairman said flatly: "It's good that you are back. How is your situation in the Northeast?" Li Lisan was full of enthusiasm. He wanted to make a good report so that the chairman could understand his own situation, but seeing that the chairman didn't like to listen, he couldn't continue talking. The chairman knew well and couldn't make Li Lisan excited.What was even more strange was that Li Lisan was wearing a U.S. military uniform (a "relief material" given to China by the U.S.) and was still triumphant. The chairman was very upset when he saw it, and ordered the logistics department to issue him a set of cadre uniforms afterwards. The chairman not only looks at people from the big picture, but also pays attention to some specific small things, such as observing your clothes, expressions, speech and behavior, etc. Through these phenomena, you can understand your inner activities, thoughts, feelings, morals, personality, etc.For example, I have been abroad for a long time, and I have developed the habit of gesticulating when speaking.Westerners think that gestures can increase the tone, Chairman Qu disagrees. He believes that young people should not dance with their hands or feet in front of the elders or their superiors.I also tried my best to change this Western habit. The chairman and I chatted a lot, but never expressed our views on any members of the Politburo.When the Politburo held meetings, he paid the most attention to the debates of different opinions, and he was good at inspiring and guiding the debates. During the debate process, he was good at absorbing the beneficial elements of everyone's opinions and processing them in his own mind.Therefore, the committee members seldom proposed amendments to the documents, instructions and telegrams he drafted.This kind of rapid and timely absorption of beneficial things from various aspects, and then processing them with his own mind, and then using them to guide the revolution and construction is really the chairman's most superb skill!He often taught the cadres to do the same. The chairman attaches great importance to local cadres. He said that "foreign cadres and local cadres must unite, and must oppose sectarian tendencies and 'mountainism'. Only foreign cadres and local cadres are completely united, and only local cadres grow in large numbers. And promoted, the base area can be consolidated, and our party can take root and grow in the base area, otherwise it is impossible." He emphasized that foreign cadres and local cadres should learn from each other's strengths and complement each other. He specifically said: "foreign cadres are more familiar with the situation than local In terms of contact with the masses, it is always worse. Take me for example. I have been in northern Shaanxi for five or six years. It’s much worse in comparison.” After Liu Zhidan’s death, Chairman Mao called a meeting of old comrades in northern Shaanxi to solicit everyone’s opinions.Everyone said: Liu Zhidan and Xie Zichang died, and they are counted as Gao Gang according to their seniority.At that time Gao Gang was working in Inner Mongolia, and the chairman transferred him back to take charge of the work of the Northwest Bureau.In fact, Gao Gang's education level is low, his work ability is limited, especially his moral character is not good, but the chairman did not understand these at the time. However, after Gao Gang became secretary of the Northwest Bureau of the Communist Party of China, he often reported to the chairman and responded to the situation, and he still kept his duties.Kang Sheng's "rescue campaign" also reported to the chairman that these practices were excessive, and the chairman attached great importance to it.It was only during the War of Liberation that Gao Gang hurried to the Northeast to "work", and then became the first deputy secretary of the Northeast Bureau.More and more facts prove that he is bent on living in a big city and pursuing pleasure, leaving the Northwest behind.After the liberation of the whole country, Gao Gang became more presumptuous and carried himself away. Only then did the Chairman's view of him change fundamentally. "Serving the people" is the purpose of our party, and it is the purpose of Chairman Mao.To serve the people, it is necessary to understand the situation and to investigate and study. "Without investigation, there is no right to speak" is his maxim.The scope of the chairman's investigation and research is many, very broad, and very rich.His "Analysis of Various Classes in Chinese Society" and "Investigation Report on the Peasant Movement in Hunan" are well known, but in fact he conducts such investigations anytime and anywhere, and never misses an opportunity. The chairman returned from the negotiations in Chongqing, mentally and physically unwell, coupled with Jiang Qing's entanglement and disturbance, which made him restless. According to the opinion of the Soviet doctor Alof, I tried many ways to find a quiet environment for the Let his mind relax and recover as soon as possible.Later, he agreed to go to the sanatorium of the former Central Logistics Department in Liushudian to recuperate for a period of time, but in fact he only stayed for a week.But during this week, he traveled all over the villages in front of and behind Liushudian, and talked to the people in every village. For the sake of safety, I reminded him: "Chairman, there will be no secret agents in this area, but we are not very familiar with the local residents. We don't know them well, so it's better not to walk around," the chairman replied, "Do I live in a place, can’t you even know the surrounding situation?” I had nothing to say.In fact, this is also the best way for the chairman to rest. He not only learned about the situation, but also had great fun in contact with the masses, and his health improved rapidly.Wherever he goes, he must first conduct investigations to find out the situation, so that he has a good idea. The chairman has deep and sincere feelings for the working people.At the mouth of Yangjialing ditch lived a family of poor peasants surnamed Yang. The cave dwelling was the same as that of all poor families at that time. The cave dwelling had only doors and no windows.People live in the kilns, and they also burn fires for cooking. The smoke is smoky, and the Dong walls are all black. Originally, there is little light, so it becomes more and more black.There is a mill at the door, and the Yang family's mother-in-law often pushes the mill at the door to grind the millet.The mother-in-law is in her thirties, her hands are dirty, and her neck is black.It is said that people in the rural areas of northern Shaanxi only take three baths in their lives—once when they are born, once when they get married, and once after death.So it is conceivable that they are dirty.Chairman Mao was an old neighbor of the Yang family, an old acquaintance. They greeted Chairman Mao when they saw him pass by.The chairman cordially briefed them.The chairman said to me very emotionally: "The common people don't know what hygiene is, and they don't have the conditions to take a bath. They work hard and are looked down upon by others." In the chairman's "Speech at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art", there is such a passage: "I am a student, and I have developed a student habit in school. I do a little labor in front of a large group of students who cannot lift their shoulders or hands. I don’t think it looks good, such as picking up luggage by myself. At that time, I thought that the only clean people in the world were intellectuals, and workers and peasants were always dirty. I could wear intellectuals’ clothes, and I thought it was I don’t want to wear workers’ and peasants’ clothes, thinking they are dirty. After the revolution, I was with workers, peasants and soldiers of the revolutionary army. I gradually became familiar with them, and they gradually became familiar with me. At this time, only in Only then did I fundamentally change the bourgeois and petty-bourgeois sentiments taught to me by bourgeois schools. At this time, when I compared unreformed intellectuals with workers and peasants, I felt that intellectuals were unclean. Now, the cleanest are the workers and peasants. Even though their hands are black and their feet are covered with cow dung, they are still cleaner than the bourgeoisie and petty bourgeois intellectuals. This causes a change in sentiment, from one class to another class.” Whenever I read this passage, I feel very cordial, the way he chatted with fellow villagers appeared before my eyes, and the words he said to me resounded in my ears.I believe: Anyone who knows the details of the chairman's contact with the masses will definitely have a deeper understanding and understanding of this passage. The chairman is not satisfied with those pretentious intellectuals.Once I accompanied him out of Yangjialing and walked along the Yanhe River, and I ran into a writer who was coming back from Yan'an city and passing by here.Holding a crutch in his hand, he walked around in the air as he walked, and when he saw the chairman greet him, he still waved the crutch in his hand; Turning a blind eye, pushing fellow villagers and donkey teams to the very edge of the road, he still looks like no one.The chairman said angrily: "This is a hooligan's act. He looks down on no one! He looks down on the working people just because he knows a few square characters, so he ignores the people and sits on the heads of the people to show off. If you know knowledge, you are arrogant, supercilious, and putting on airs! You don’t even think about where his daily food comes from, and it’s guaranteed!” Every time I talk with the chairman, it’s like a lesson, and I’m inspired by it vividly. Education has benefited a lot. The chairman lives a simple life and is approachable.He often took one or two guards, and sometimes took his youngest daughter Li Na, out for a walk, looking around and chatting casually with the masses.Whether he lives in Yangjialing, Zaoyuan, or Wangjiaping, he always invites his neighbors to celebrate the festive season. He will never tolerate things that harm the interests of the masses.At that time, the Central Security Corps stationed at the mouth of Xiaobiangou wanted to build bungalows, so they occupied two acres of flat land beside the Yanhe River. It must be known that northern Shaanxi is full of hillside land, and the two acres of flat land are the heart of the villagers.The peasants protested from the occupied land, but the security regiment ignored them, and the peasants wrote to Chairman Mao to reflect the incident.After seeing the letter, the chairman immediately ordered to stop building houses and return the land to farmers.And gave instructions, to the effect: As a security regiment, it should be the most considerate of the people and best serve the interests of the people. How could it do such a stupid thing!After the matter was rectified, the masses were happy and he said: "Mao Qingtian is here!" Another example is the well-known story of a farmer scolding Chairman Mao: It was in June 1942, when the border government held a joint meeting of county chiefs, suddenly heavy rain came, lightning flashed and thunder struck, and a thunderbolt penetrated from the corner of the meeting place, injuring several people. Among them, Li Cairong, acting magistrate of Yanchuan County, was the most seriously injured, and died after rescue efforts failed.The incident was reported by the "Liberation Daily", and a memorial service was held outside the south gate.The news spread among the masses, and the crowded new market was also talked about.One of the farmers going to the market scolded among the crowd: "Why didn't Lei Gong kill Mao Zedong?!" The security department heard the news and detained the farmer.Gao Gang reported the matter to Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao believed that the masses always scolded people when they were dissatisfied, so he immediately instructed: After asking clearly, let the farmer be released. Don't make things difficult for him. If it is too heavy, the government of the border area should conduct a serious investigation of the burden on the peasants, and according to the actual situation of the investigation, reduce the anti-Japanese public grain by 1/3, and start production in the engine offices, schools, and troops, and put forward the idea of ​​"do it yourself, have enough food and clothing." "Slogan. At this time, on a Sunday, I was in front of the door to repair the broken chairs, tools, and wood and put them there. I left for a while because of a temporary business.Mao Zedong happened to be taking a walk and turned here. He stopped when he saw the scene. My daughter Qiulang stepped forward to say hello to the chairman. Pointing to furniture, wood and tools, Mao Zedong asked, "Who is doing this?" Qiu Lang said, "My father." Chairman Mao asked again: "Who is your father?" Qiu Lang said: "My father is Shi Zhe." Mao Zedong: "Yeah." Nodding his head, he seemed to be talking to himself: "Do it yourself,... engage in production...".While speaking, he walked away thoughtfully. He seems to mean: Yes, as long as you do it yourself, everything will be there!It seems that his slogan of "do it yourself, have enough food and clothing" has also been verified here. In 1942, the large-scale production movement was launched in an all-round way, which not only reduced the burden on farmers, but also broke Chiang Kai-shek's blockade of the border areas, and also strengthened the anti-Japanese strength.During the Chinese New Year, the masses carried the plaque of "The Great Savior of the People" to Chairman Mao for New Year greetings. The chairman not only respects and cares for the masses, not only promotes democracy and listens to opinions at Politburo meetings, but also has various ways of working.For example, the chairman and I often chat casually. He often tells me the problems he is thinking about, his thinking and plans, and only when the situation develops to the extent he expected, will he express his thoughts, analysis And plan to bring it to the secretariat meeting for discussion.At the beginning, I didn’t understand it, but after a long time, I finally understood: the chairman gave me immature opinions, which served as a self-examination function, but I have always kept my mouth shut and will never spread it, and I have no task of carrying it out .If you tell the comrades in the secretariat too early, it may affect everyone's thinking; in addition, as a leader, you should keep your promises. Due to the ever-changing situation, immature conditions, incomplete ideas, etc. If you take it out, you may not get good results.This is called leaving room, out of a high sense of responsibility. When I was with Chairman Mao in 1940, during the four or five years in a row, I often heard the Chairman mention a sentence that Comrade Deng Xiaoping said in 1938: "Everything is dialectical, and everything is developing and changing. middle.” He thinks these two sentences are very powerful and useful, and they capture the essence of Marxism and are rich in philosophy.Looking back now, he took this as a lesson and reminded himself all the time. The chairman is very reserved, I have never seen him get angry and lose his temper.Once, I said to him: "Chairman, I really admire your calmness, self-restraint, and not losing your temper." He said: "It's not that I'm not angry, sometimes my lungs almost explode. But I know that I should try my best to restrain myself." Tolerate, don't show it in words." The chairman's eyes were piercing and very keen.He only needs to look at you to let you know that you have made a mistake and made a mistake.His speech is not only very logical, but also very careful and reserved.When I was speaking in front of him, sometimes I made a wrong sentence or a word, and he would stare at me or say, "Say it again." I immediately learned that I made a mistake and corrected it quickly. When we lived in Zaoyuan, we often went to the Yangjialing Auditorium to watch plays.The chairman took an ambulance sent by Soong Ching Ling. Sometimes, many young people climbed into the car, and anyone who squeezed in was allowed to ride, and the chairman never interfered.Along the way, the chairman chatted with everyone, asking which unit he was in, what his name was, how old he was, etc.; when he returned, he also asked them about their experience watching the program.He looked at the other person as he spoke.Later, some young people said to me: "I was afraid when I saw the chairman. He looked at me and almost saw me through." The weakness of the chairman is also here, he has to see through everything, and he can see through everything!The chairman lives a simple life and is never picky about his diet. He only likes smoking and drinking tea.Occasionally, if you get abalone or fish, you can eat it, and it doesn’t matter if you don’t.After entering the city, life improved, but it was just eating braised pork once or twice a week. When he was in Yan'an, the chairman himself had a small stove, not because he had high-end food, but because his work and rest time was different, mostly sleeping during the day and working at night.For a while, some people asked the central leaders to live a collective life, which was completely unnecessary and even wrong.But the general office decided that all the chiefs should eat in the dining room.The chairman also came, took a few mouthfuls of rice, and said, "What is this? Porridge is not porridge, dry rice is not dry rice?!" I said, "Someone (I couldn't say it was Commander-in-Chief Zhu) asked to make the rice softer." He said, "Then why do you need teeth?!" He ate it just once, and never came to the cafeteria again. The chairman has his own rules of life.His drinkers, barbers, and drivers in Yan'an were all very familiar with the chairman's life rules, and the chairman felt comfortable and worry-free. Later, they all followed the chairman to Beijing.The chairman has not loved money all his life, and has never touched money.His allowances, wages, commissions, etc. are all managed by servants or guards.He never allowed his children to be glamorous, did not allow them any special treatment.After entering the city, Li Na returned home from school and seldom had meals together. He always ate at the Dazao cafeteria like the general staff.His son Mao Anying has devoted a lot of effort and hope to the cultivation of his son Mao Anying.However, when the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea began, translators were needed on the front lines, so the chairman asked Aiko to go to the front.The heroic sacrifice of Kishi, the chairman was deeply saddened, but he still instructed: Like all the soldiers who died in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, Kishiyo should be buried in North Korea. The chairman is dedicated to the people.Not only did he devote all his energy to the cause of the Chinese people's liberation, but under his influence and drive, his younger brother, younger sister, wife and many relatives participated in the revolution, and six of his relatives contributed to the revolution. precious life.How many such devotion and facts can be found from senior cadres to all party members?Just based on these points: 1. The interests of the people are above all else; 2. Never love money and never seek personal gain;What else can we say?What more can you ask of the chairman? ! Chairman Mao appreciated Stalin's assertion that the Chinese revolution was characterized by armed revolution against armed counter-revolution and the establishment of revolutionary base areas.But Chairman Mao did not understand military affairs in the early days.He told me: When he was in Jinggangshan, because he did not understand military affairs, although he had correct opinions, they were not convincing. He was lower than those who understood military affairs, and sometimes had to submit to others.So he decided to study military affairs.He read "Sun Tzu's Art of War" thoroughly, studied the German military strategist Clausitz, and combined with China's reality, finally formed his own unique strategic and tactical thinking.When it came to Maoergai, it was quite different, he had completely taken the initiative.In fact, it was Chairman Mao who directed China's armed revolution from victory to victory! The chairman once said: If there are 200 people in our party who are proficient in Marxism-Leninism, it is tantamount to defeating a Japanese imperialist.Therefore, at the same time, he strongly advocated integrating theory with practice, and advocated combining the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism with the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution.He detests the style and habits of those who must call Greece, boast, stereotype, and only sing high-profile. I once encountered such a thing: the chairman wanted to find someone who was familiar with the theory of Marxism-Leninism and could be an assistant at work to help him.The Central Party School recommended one to him. This comrade is said to be an expert on the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of China. He studied in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and has been engaged in theoretical work after returning to China.He moved from the Central Party School to Yangjialing and lived not far from the chairman.But the chairman only saw him once and sent him away.The thing is like this: The chairman asked him to talk about Marxism-Leninism and the party branch of the Communist Party of China, but he was like a lecturer at a party school, without asking the reason or looking at the target, and memorized him fluently. He kept talking, speaking very proudly.The chairman couldn't listen anymore, so he interrupted him and asked, "Have you read "The History of the Communist Party of China?" He didn't understand what he meant, and boasted: "I read it through three or four times." The chairman said: "I haven't read it through once, but I have read the conclusion of each chapter. Books must be able to read and use. I haven't read it through, but I can use it. What you said is very correct. But none of the problems in China at present are involved. We study Marxism-Leninism to solve the practical problems in China. Okay, okay, go on your own, I can’t accommodate you here.” In "Rectifying the Party's Style of Work", the chairman made a profound and vivid criticism of the persistent disease of dogmatism, which I will not repeat here. In this way, does it mean that the chairman only pays attention to China and does not pay attention to foreign countries?That's not true, he just put foreign affairs in a relatively secondary position, just as a reference. In Yangjialing, the cave dwelling where I live is located above his side, and he is tired from work.Just come out and rest for a while.Often at this time he shouted: "Shi Zhe, come down." I came in front of him.He took advantage of this break to let me talk about all aspects of the Soviet Union as I know it, and many vivid facts in various periods.The just-published book "Beside the Giants of History - Shi Zhe's Memoirs" describes my experience in the Soviet Union, and I also talked with him back then.I am impatient and straightforward, and I don't need to be inspired, so I talk endlessly, and he listens attentively.After he felt that his spirit had been adjusted, he said: "We will talk about this today." Then they went back to the cave and continued to work. Sometimes in order to liven up the atmosphere, he also told some jokes.However, his humor and jokes are often only a few or two sentences, and then he gets back to business.I remember once, he said this: "I am a good person and can tolerate people. Even mice can come and go freely in my house (the mice in northern Shaanxi are half a foot long), and even climb up my neck." It refers to such a thing: he was concentrating on his desk work, and a big mouse climbed up his feet, legs, and body, and he didn't notice it until the mouse crawled to the back of his neck. He seemed to feel that there was something there, so he subconsciously pulled it with his hand, and the mouse jumped to the ground. Only then did he realize that it was a mouse. By the time he found out, the mouse had already run away. In order to lead farmers to develop production, he learned from farmers of all walks of life, set up a model, and mobilized the masses.There was a landlord named Zhang in Yan'an East. His land was divided during the Agrarian Revolution, but he still worked hard, managed well, and his harvest was better than others.The chairman asked him to talk about his experience in agricultural management in northern Shaanxi and how he made his fortune.After learning about it, he said: "The landlords here are different from those in the south. The landlords in the south may not have much land, but they don't work. They are also different from the landlords in Suide and Mizhi. The landlords here work by themselves and have good experience in management. " Wu Manyou is a rich peasant, and Yang Buhao of Liushudian is a poor peasant, and they are both model workers. This is known to all. The "rescue campaign" organized by Kang Sheng hurt many good comrades, especially the cadres who were born and bred in the Northwest. They had never been to the city, let alone the Kuomintang.But they are also regarded as "suspected secret agents".Concentrated in the School of Administration of the Border Region and forced them to "confess", the comrades were very angry and very dissatisfied.Some people reported these situations to the Central Committee. When Chairman Mao learned about it, he came to the School of Administration in person to apologize to these comrades.He said to everyone: "One person is in the corner, and the whole house is unhappy with it", "I didn't do it, but I didn't take care of it." He took off his hat and bowed, asking everyone to forgive.The comrades who were full of grievances and grievances were moved to tears by his actions, applauded enthusiastically, and solved the problem at once.I heard that the chairman has done the same in the Yang family and the Central Party School. Before the "Seventh National Congress", he was already called "Chairman Mao" by everyone.He once said to me: "Call me Chairman Mao. Do you call me the chairman of the Central Military Commission or the chairman of the Party Central Committee? But the chairman of the Military Commission has already been determined." I understand the double meaning of his words: one is the Central Military Commission The chairman is clear, but the Party Central Committee has not yet set up a chairman; second, he also expressed his importance to the position of chairman of the Central Military Commission.At the "Seventh National Congress", it was clarified that he is also the chairman of the Party Central Committee.He likes the title "Chairman" very much, and his explanation is: "The chairman is the main seat, the master." The Chinese Communist Party made a start by setting up a chairman, and soon, the Communist Party of some other countries followed suit.For example, Ibalulli became the chairman of the Spanish Communist Party; Togliatti became the chairman of the Italian Communist Party, etc., but they were only the chairmen who presided over the meeting. Chairman Mao has always grasped the characteristics and characteristics of people very accurately, and he will never relax when he grasps the key points.For example: After Wang Ming made self-criticism at the "Seventh National Congress", I was on the way back to Zaoyuan with him, and he asked me, "What do you think of Wang Ming's self-criticism?" I said, "Not profound." He said, "You're right. But his core problem is that he thinks too little about himself and too much for others!" I immediately felt enlightened!It hits the nail on the head, concise, accurate, and profound! After Peng Dehuai's review at the "Seventh National Congress", he asked me how was Peng Dehuai's review? I said: "As the deputy commander-in-chief, the review is considered good." He was a little unhappy when he heard this, and said: "The attitude is very reluctant! His problem is that he is self-willed, supercilious, arrogant, and disobedient!" He will never show mercy to the enemy, which has been proved by the Chinese revolution.I'll just say a little thing that I'm familiar with: There was a traitor warlord named Hao Pengju, who was my classmate when I was in the Soviet Union.After Japan surrendered, he was in a bad situation in northern Jiangsu.I want to speculate and get close to my People's Liberation Army in order to survive.陈毅、粟裕在山东，郝鹏举正是他们控制的对象之一。郝鹏举通过我们的统战工作者，说他有个同学师哲在共产党中央工作。陈毅指示统战工作者，要郝给我写信。信寄到了毛主席的手里，主席当即替我给他写回信。郝的第二次来信，几乎是痛哭流涕，说我军压得他喘不过气来。信仍然是到了毛主席手里，这一次，毛主席写了一封很长的回信，意思是开导他、教育他向人民交心，老实做人。但是，我向毛主席介绍了此人的情况。 我说：“郝鹏举一贯有野心，反复无常，已反叛过多次。开始他在冯玉祥部。很受冯的信赖，和我同期派往苏联学习。1927年他回国后便背判了冯玉祥，自己拉队伍单干。独立混不下去了，日寇侵华时，他又投靠了日伪华北行政委员会王克敏，当了汉奸。日本投降后，他被国民党收编，又积极反共，成了进攻解放区的先头部队，并到苏北想捞一把，却遇到了强大的人民解放军，走投无路，又想投机。” 毛主席了解到此人不可争取之后，便指示陈毅、粟裕：把郝鹏举一方面稳住、警惕他；另方面调动他，在调动中予以消灭。这次战斗只用了2个小时，而且第一个被打死的就是郝鹏举本人。 毛泽东的夫人杨开慧烈士和他们的孩子毛永福（岸英）、毛永寿（岸青）是人们所熟知的。从现在展出在杨开慧烈士纪念馆的照片看，杨开慧蒙难前夕和孩子们的合影，除了她膝前的永福、永寿以外，怀中还抱着一个婴儿，这婴儿大概是随母亲同去了。 开慧牺牲时，毛泽东已经上了井冈山，撇下永福、永寿二人。哥哥永福八九岁，弟弟永寿五六岁，哥哥照顾弟弟，二人相依为命。而敌人是要斩草除根的，一时也无人敢收养，他们到处流浪。地下党组织设法找到了他们，并把他们送到上海。在上海，他们卖报、拣破烂、给人打扫房子……，勉强维持生活。 上海地下党为了使他们能受到教育，也为他们的安全计，又通过许多关系把他们送到上海基督教会。牧师董建吾可能有觉察，但并不真正知道他们的身份。 两个孩子在教会受到百般虐待，被强迫干力所不及的工作，干不了，就拳脚相加。永寿（岸青）更小，更不会干活，因而受到的摧残更严重，他的脑神经就是在那时被打伤而致残的。 显然，此处也不是久留之地。1936年党组织同共产国际取得联系，委托法国轮船上的熟人（据说国内方面是张学良与董健吾疏通的）把两个孩子带到了马赛港。当时在共产国际工作的康生亲自到马赛把他们接到莫斯科。康生为自己的资本增加了一点积累，另当别论。 永福、永寿到了莫斯科即被送进国际第二儿童院（即莫尼诺儿童院）教养，这时已是1937年了，同年底，王明和康生等都回到了延安。 1938年3月，任弼时同志到达莫斯科，接任驻共产国际中共代表团的工作。同年8月我找到任弼时同志要求回国，一时未获批准，却派我到国际第二儿童院任副院长兼教务长之职。上述情况，便是我到任后同永福、永寿的接触中了解到的。 永福、永寿到了国际第二儿童院以后，都改了名字，永福的苏联名字叫塞尔盖伊，中国名字叫岸英；永寿的苏联名字叫亚力山大，中国名字叫岸青。该儿童院经过整顿，准备专收中国儿童，后因盛世才的背叛，国际通道中断，大批孤儿未能去苏。 岸英和岸青在国内养成了隐瞒自己真实身分的习惯，到了苏联，仍继续隐瞒，起初对我也没说实话，谈到毛泽东时，他们也直呼其名，以示他们和他没有关系，我向他们说明我知道他们是谁的孩子，同时知道儿童院每一个孩子的身世，告诉他们苏联是无产阶级的祖国，在这里什么都不需要隐瞒。就这样，他们渐渐生活得舒展了。 儿童院的孩子不多，只有四五十人，但年龄从三四岁到十六八岁都有，文化程度自然也是参差不齐，很难进行教学。于是设法把他们送到苏联的各学校适合的班级，儿童院只管他们的生活。 有一次岸英无意中谈到一个观点一一他认为无产阶级只能由无产者领导，并流露出毛泽东是无产者的意思。我又不得不同他进行认真的交谈，向他解释：马克思、恩格斯、列宁都不是无产者，却都是无产阶级革命伟大领袖的道理，他终于领悟了。 我把孩子们的学习、生活安排就绪之后，仍回共产国际帮助任弼时同志工作，在儿童院时间虽然不长，但和孩子们之间建立了深厚的感情。 苏联卫国战争开始以后，岸英很快报名入伍，在军队中，他进步很快，两三年后即获得上尉军衔。回国时，他就是戴着这个军衔见父亲的。他在军中自然也是受到多方保护的，没有让他担任过艰险的任务。 1945年，毛主席从重庆谈判归来，健康状况欠佳，斯大林派两位医生来给毛主席治病时，毛岸英也同机回到延安。苏联飞机在机场降落时，毛泽东带着病体，亲自到机场迎接孩子。他的心情，可以想见，但他绝不流露在表面上。至于岸英，历尽十几年的磨难，即将投入父亲的怀抱，其心情也是可想而知的。第二天我和他再次相见时，他竟象是初次遇见我似的，可见他当时除了父亲以外，一切都视而不见了。 岸英回到延安的最初一两天是同爸爸一起用餐的，接着，毛泽东就止岸英到食堂去吃饭，第一餐是工作人员领岸英到中灶食堂吃的，饭后毛泽东问他在哪个食堂吃的饭？岸英如实回答了。 毛泽东说：“你对革命有什么贡献？”又让他到大灶和战士们一同吃饭。大家看着都很心疼。孩子固然应该锻练，但生活条件一下子发生如此巨大的变化，会吃不消的。我自己深有肠胃不适应的痛苦感受，很想让岸英同米大夫一起用餐，但不便这么办，也不矛说。 陕甘宁边区那时已经颁布了婚姻法，规定男满20岁、女满18岁方可结婚。岸英已20岁出头，在苏联开放的中活过惯了，和女孩子接触中，总引起周围人的议论，尤其是江青，最爱在主席面前说三道四，使毛泽东很烦恼。 岸英很快钟情于一位姑娘——就是他后来的妻子。他向父亲报告，要求准许他们结婚，父亲问他：“姑娘多大岁数了？”他如实回答说：“差一两个月就18岁了。” 父亲说：“这不行，一天也不能差？你应该知道，政权是我们的，婚姻法是我们订的。如果我们自己订的法律，自己不能执行，还怎么要人民去执行呢？一句话，就是一天也不能差！”岸英只好服从了。 这已是1946年春季。接着，他又让岸英到农村去劳动锻练。10月间返时，已是为准备胡宗南的进犯而开始疏散了。 在中央转战陕北期间，留在莫斯科的岸青间或给爸爸写信来，毛泽东拿着岸青用俄文写的信，不得不让人到处找我给他翻译，甚觉不便，不觉说道：“他为什么不用中文写信？”我说他中文没有俄文学得好。 到了西柏坡，毛泽东对岸英还是严加管教。其具体原因和内容不得详知，但有一次，岸英可能是受不了了，从爸爸屋里出来，跑到一间无人住的空房间里，硬梆梆躺在床上，又吼又叫，又哭又闹，手握成拳头，胳膊腿直挺挺不打弯。毛泽东害怕了，找到我，却又是小声告诉我，要我找米大夫给岸英看病。米大夫拿着小锤、钎子来到岸英床前。用钎子在岸英脚一划，他的腿立即躲闪，反应灵敏；敲敲膝盖，也正常。米大夫向我挤挤眼小声说：“给他爸爸撒娇哩！”然后向岸英用俄语说：“谢廖沙，起来，别耍死狗！”这病就这样治好了。而毛泽东却装作毫不关心的样子呆在自己房间里。 1949年11月毛泽东访苏时，李克农负责护送到边境，为到边境与苏方交接时的方便，李克农带了毛岸英同行。我陪着毛主席，他们在后面车厢里。我并不知道岸英在车上，但毛泽东知道。而且想得很周到，他怕岸英临时要跟他同赴莫斯科，别人不好拒绝。所以他要我去告诉李克农：到边境交接工作办完了一定把岸英带回去。I did.他做了预防工作。 毛泽东在莫斯科两个多月，竟没有让在莫斯科的儿子岸青和女儿娇娇来看他。我也有一双儿女在莫斯科，我很想见，只有一天有空，我请假看了孩子。毛泽东就是不见孩子。 岸英参加了抗美援朝，彭德怀把他放在自己身边，为的是便于管理和照顾。然而不幸的事还是发生了。开始，有人主张暂时对毛泽东隐瞒岸英牺牲的消息，但彭总认为不能隐瞒，他亲自回到中南海，向毛主席汇报了这一噩耗。毛泽东听了以后，呆愣了好一阵子，然后说：“他是国际革命的烈士！”这话实际上是给彭德怀宽心的。 毛岸英，一个纯洁的青年，他以爱国主义和国际主义的精神，撒尽了自己一腔热血！ 在毛泽东的亲人中，岸英是第六位为革命献出宝贵生命的人！毛泽东访苏后不久，岸青回国了。回国后跟一个搞翻译的人一起工作。此人俄文很低，在翻译工作上，岸青付出了很大的劳动，可是稿酬却被那人独吞了，或者只给岸青很少一点。对此人我也曾大大领教过。岸青向爸爸谈到自己的遭遇，毛泽东听了异常气愤他说：“他竟欺负一个残疾人！那里还有共产党员的气味？！连人格都丧失殆尽了！”因此，毛泽东建议开除其党籍。但此人却受到另外一些人的包庇而不了了之。 毛泽东东对亲人有着深沉的情感，但原则性极强。这里叙述的仅仅是我亲知的一小部分。 毛主席，他来自人民，热爱人民，心系群众，全心全意为人民服务。他那敏锐的感知、刻苦的求索、准确的判断、高超的领导艺术和知人善任，给我留下了极为深刻的印象。我常想：要是没有毛泽东的领导，中国不还要在黑暗中徘徊摸索多少？ ! 金无足赤，人无完人。毛泽东也有他的缺点和错误，我是完全可以理解的。但是列宁说得好：“鹰有时比鸡还飞得低，但是鸡却永远飞不到鹰那么高”。