Chapter 7 〇 Six Khrushchev...

Khrushchev, native of Russia, was born in Ukraine.Both grandfather and father were workers, and he himself was a worker, working as a miner and fitter in the Dunbaqi mining area.Among the workers in the Tsarist Russian era, they were considered educated people with a middle school education level. Once, during a chat with me, he asked me if I had worked in the Donbass?I said no.He said: There were many Chinese workers there back then, but they seemed to be living in another world. Before and after the October Revolution, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union attached great importance to the class composition of party members, because at that time the proportion of intellectuals in the party was relatively high, and more workers should be recruited into the party.So when Khrushchev asked to join the party in 1918, such a worker of blood, cultured and active was regarded as an outstanding member and was quickly approved to join the party.

After he joined the party, he was quickly promoted to a cadre and served as a branch secretary within the party.But his level and personality have not been improved because of this, and he still behaves vulgarly, even a rascal.He loves to talk about women, play with children, deal with children, and even teach children to swear at others, scold their parents, steal things and so on. From 1925 to 1926, he was promoted from the branch secretary to the district committee (equivalent to our county district).After joining the district committee, he paid more attention to his own image and influence, and became more civilized.Work harder, and often go to the grassroots to understand the situation.Like other cadres, he brings his own dry food and does not ask the masses for things; when he is hungry, he goes to the woods to boil some water, eat some sausage and bread, and continue to run and work.Then served as the secretary of the district committee.

Because he was a worker of blood and had some culture, even though he was at the grassroots level, he still attracted Stalin's attention and attention.He also quickly grasped Stalin's temper, so he kept flattering and flattering Stalin to the point of disgusting; at the same time, he tried every means to create a good reputation for himself, so as to give Stalin a "good" impression and win Stalin's favor. In 1938, the Soviet Union’s suppression of counter-revolutionaries expanded, and all the main leaders of the Ukrainian Republic were eliminated.Khrushchev was promoted to be the top leader.This seat is one step closer to Stalin.At this time, he flattered Stalin to the point of shamelessness, shouting "Stalin is my biological father" and calling Stalin "dear father".Stalin believed that Khrushchev was "loyal to the party" and "responsible to the country" and he was a worker, so he was "completely trustworthy."

At the beginning of 1940, Khrushchev was transferred to Moscow as the first secretary of the capital city party committee, and then entered the Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee.Khrushchev's drilling was successful. In the early days of entering the upper echelon, Khrushchev could only behave with his tail in his arms in front of many revolutionary predecessors.During Chairman Mao's visit to the Soviet Union, in some big gatherings, he always hid behind people and sat in a corner without being noticed by people.But these performances of his probably just made Stalin increase his good impression on him.

In 1952, the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was held, and the CCP delegation headed by Liu Shaoqi participated.After the political report of the congress, when entering into specific personnel arrangements and work adjustments, and discussing these issues, the Communist Party delegations from all over the world temporarily withdrew for a rest.Stalin had promised us to talk to us in three days.However, in terms of personnel arrangements, they encountered troubles beyond Stalin's expectations.The central issue of personnel arrangements was the selection of Stalin's successor.Stalin wanted Khrushchev to be the general secretary of the Central Committee, but other members of the Central Committee understood Khrushchev's character and ability, and out of prudence and responsibility, they expressed different opinions, that is, most comrades did not agree with Khrushchev's nomination The post of general secretary.There is a lot of debate about this.

We waited 5 days and still no meeting with Stalin was arranged.One evening, Stalin called Liu Shaoqi and talked for a long time. He briefly introduced the focus of their dispute. It will take 20 days to one month to complete this matter, and many other work arrangements are not yet discussed.He himself was very tired.Therefore, he hoped that the comrades of the Chinese delegation would go to South Russia to recuperate for a few days, and after about a month, when you return to Moscow, we will arrange our talks. So Liu Shaoqi took advantage of this time to hold a series of talks with delegations from Indonesia (Eddie), Japan (Noban Sansan), Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh, Pham Van Tong) and other countries.Deng Xiaoping and I returned to China early, leaving Lin Lili as an interpreter.

As for Stalin's successor, some Chinese comrades think it should be Molotov, but Molotov thinks that he is an intellectual and he is too old, so he should step down. Khrushchev also took advantage of this, Be active. We are very worried about the situation in the Soviet Union. After Stalin's death in 1953, the Central Committee of the CPSU became more unstable. In 1954, I told Chairman Mao that the Soviet Union needs our support to get on a stable track. They are different from us. We are united internally, but they are not united internally.And it is recommended to support Molotov, because Molotov is sophisticated, steady, and a contemporary of Lenin.

Chairman Mao's answer was: "Anyone can come up. As long as they settle down, our affairs will be easy to handle!" I have thought about the Chairman's words for a long, long time.Chairman Mao's strategy is indeed superior to others!On the occasion of the 5th anniversary of my country's National Day on the "October" of this year, Khrushchev came with a large delegation and grand gifts. Chinese support.In reality, however, he appears to be simple-minded, innumerable, vacillating, "enthusiastic" and disorganized.When he talked with Chairman Mao, he said: Stalin's death caused him great difficulties.This difficulty was caused by Stalin's personality cult and the masses' superstition of him.

Chairman Mao said: "The view of people cannot be absolute: either everything is good or nothing is good. In the past, Stalin was praised to the sky and deified him. In fact, he should be divided into two or three to seven, that is to say, basically It should be affirmed that the main aspect is good. In this way, it will not only benefit your domestic development, but also have great international significance.” Chairman Mao repeatedly emphasized: “Stalin is an international figure, and he has a great influence on all countries. To us. Especially today, hostile forces in the world want us to be chaotic and weakened all the time. So we must be cautious. That's why we say 'there is a difference between inside and outside'".

Khrushchev couldn't listen to the chairman's earnest persuasion, and he didn't want to think about it. He just waved his hand dismissively.Chairman Mao also immediately changed his attitude and was unwilling to continue the discussion.But Hearst didn't realize it at all. Khrushchev still went his own way, even pulling the body of his "biological father" and "dear father" Stalin out of Red Square and destroying it. Due to the differences in the national conditions of China and the Soviet Union, Stalin did not know China very well, and made some inappropriate statements and incorrect guidelines.When Liu Shaoqi visited the Soviet Union in July 1949, Stalin made a self-criticism, saying that he had hindered his Chinese comrades in the past, and expressed his deep apology.Since then, although there have been some frictions and unhappiness, the overall development is that the two parties and the two countries have become more and more coordinated.

From the end of 1949 to the beginning of 1950, during Chairman Mao's first visit to the Soviet Union, in the initial stage of mutual contact, the Soviet side called us "Your Excellency" in all public occasions.After Zhou En arrived, he called us this way again when he planned to issue a communiqué. I said to Stalin: "We are all members of the Communist Party, why can't we be called comrades?" Stalin nodded and said: "We can call each other comrades! "After that, on any occasion, everyone was called a comrade, so naturally they were very happy and felt much closer.More importantly: Stalin realized that he did not know enough about China, so he paid attention to negotiating with China and respecting the opinions of the Chinese Communist Party.This is obviously different from his attitude towards the Communist Party of other countries, and he is not so arbitrary. From Chairman Mao's first visit to the Soviet Union to Stalin's death, all matters involving China were handled by Stalin himself, and no one else could interfere.For example: The Soviet Union gave me 2 tons of cinchona cream (quinine), which was always handled by Stalin himself; Liu Shaoqi wrote to Malinkov, proposing that a group of foreign students and children we had sent to the Soviet Union to study in the past should be transferred back to China. A few days later, they were transferred to Stalin, who responded personally; Once, Premier Zhou wrote a letter to Mikoyan in Moscow about a small economic problem, but there was no response for a few days. It turned out that it was also transferred to Stalin, who took care of it; Once again, it was Premier Zhou who wrote a letter to Bulganin on a minor military issue, which was also forwarded to Stalin, who responded. There are countless such things. Stalin also paid attention to exchanging information with us, including what requests the parties in Europe made to us, etc., he told us in time, and he greeted us first when dealing with any problems. After Khrushchev came to power, he replaced all these with his bad behavior.What they want to do, they send a telegram to tell us, or they don't tell us; they want us to carry out their orders, and never discuss with us or ask for our opinions in advance; Do whatever they want us to do, domineering and arrogant: even in the activities of mass organizations such as workers, watchmen, and women, we are required to follow them.Outrageous!China and the Soviet Union have always supported each other. Long before the founding of the People's Republic of China, from the summer of 1949, Soviet comrades asked us for things.Such as mercury and some valuable materials produced in the south of our country, the quantity is not small, in order to support them, they have met their requirements. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Stalin proposed to Mao Zedong that he wanted to buy a large amount of high-quality rubber. Zhou Enlai bought it from New Zealand (Sri Lanka) for them through his friend Bandaranaike, and transported it to the Soviet Union through Huangpu Port. In 1951, Stalin proposed to Mao Zedong to build rubber plantations in southern China.Because rubber is an important material for military industry and high technology, Stalin called rubber "liquid gold".However, due to the geographical conditions of the Soviet Union, it was impossible to grow it; and in the international environment, it was difficult to purchase it.China has grown successfully!This is naturally the interest of the Soviet Union, so they are very concerned. These successes not only greatly enhanced Stalin's domestic prestige, but also enhanced the trust of the Soviet people in China.Even when he encountered any difficulties, some people among the masses would say: "Let Stalin ask Mao Zedong for help, maybe our difficulties will be solved. Mao Zedong will not refuse Stalin's request" and so on.Gradually, a preference has formed among the masses. As long as there are rumors: "Sell Chinese fans", "Sell Chinese soap", "Sell Chinese satin", "Sell Chinese apples", etc., no matter it is true or not, there will be a long queue immediately On the street, you can't see the end at a glance. After Khrushchev came to power in 1954, he also made demands on us, and we did our best to satisfy them.For example: to provide considerable convenience to their personnel and those who are active in China; to allow their spy planes to fly four or five times over our country to the South my country Sea, to collect air pollution from the nuclear tests conducted by the United States and France on the Pacific islands, and its results, properties, etc. For more than a year after Stalin's death, except for the convenience we provided to the Soviet Union, their upper echelons were busy with their own internal affairs, and there was almost no communication between the two countries. Khrushchev's first step after coming to power was to master the Kremlin.The way is to win over Bulganin first and use the army to squeeze out the Ministry of Internal Affairs.It turned out that the security of the Kremlin was in the hands of Beria of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.The army was used by Khrushchev, and he kicked it after it was used up.Here we mainly talk about how Khrushchev treated us. Khrushchev is well aware of China's status and weight in the world and in the socialist camp, so he wants to control us, control us, and use us in all aspects. As mentioned earlier, in 1954, when the 5th anniversary of the founding of our country, the Khrushchev delegation came, and on October 3, a top-level meeting between China and the Soviet Union was held at the Yi Nian Hall in Zhongnanhai.The Chinese side participating in the talks were Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, and Zhu De; the Soviet side was Khrushchev, Bulganin, and Shvernik (possibly Mikoyan, I can’t remember).Federline and I acted as translators.In order to show intimacy, friendship and mutual trust, the division of labor is that I will be the translator from Russian to Chinese, and Federline will be the translator from Chinese to Russian.The talks went roughly as follows: Mao Zedong: We can talk about some issues today and exchange views.Generally speaking, the problems and opinions between us are raised, discussed and resolved at any time, and there is not much accumulation to discuss.But today we have this good opportunity, let's exchange views again. The international situation is generally favorable to us.First of all, the people of all countries have become active.looked up.The prestige of imperialism has been greatly suppressed, and they are no longer as arrogant, domineering and rash as they used to be.In fact, their life is getting worse and worse. Khrushchev: The imperialists are not asleep, but are just around the corner every day, plotting something and trying to achieve something.It is true that their arrogance is not as high as before, but they are still active. Mao: One or two of the ten fingers were cut off, and the thumb was cut off. After all, the strength of the hand cannot be the same as in the past. It has been greatly weakened, or even cut in half.In short, the situation is good and beneficial to us.The arrogance of international imperialism has been suppressed a lot.Naturally, we should not relax our vigilance at any time. Now we have a period of peacebuilding, and we should make the most of it.The first is to vigorously develop production and carry out economic construction. However, it is difficult to say how long this time will be, because this is not determined by our subjective wishes.If we can have 20 years of peace to develop the economy, then the danger of war will be greatly reduced, and it may even be impossible to fight.Twenty or thirty years from now, if imperialism wants to fight, it is time to end the existence of imperialism, that is, to end wars (referring to world wars) forever.But is it a big war to end the war, or is it impossible to fight because of the strength of the people and the strength of peace?It remains to be seen, but the remaining problem is probably this. (Then the two sides introduced the general situation and construction situation of their own countries.) He asked: What else do you want from us?What else can we do? Chairman Mao: Experts from the two countries are in contact and exchanging views on this matter every day. They know much more than we do, and their understanding is detailed and specific.They negotiate with each other and things work out. We are interested in atomic energy, thermonuclear weapons.I would like to discuss with you today, and hope that you can help us and make achievements in this regard.In short, we also want to engage in this industry. He (hearing this, was dumbfounded, and was stunned for a while) said that it was too expensive and troublesome to make that thing.As long as our big family has a nuclear umbrella, there is no need for everyone to engage in it.It must be known that producing that thing costs money, electricity, and manpower, and the produced thing is neither usable nor edible, and has to be stored; wasted.In our opinion, you don't need to engage in these things at present, and you should concentrate on peace building.It is better to develop things related to the national economy and the people's livelihood and improve the people's welfare.Improving people's living standards is better than developing atomic bombs.If you want to develop thermonuclear weapons at present, I think it is difficult to say whether it is possible to use all of China's current electricity.So, what about other production?What about the national economy and people's livelihood?If you really want to do this, and it is for scientific research, training cadres, and laying the foundation for future emerging industries, then we can help you build a small atomic reactor first.It is also possible to send some basic personnel to the Soviet Union to study and further their studies. What do you think? Mao: That's fine, let's think about it later. After that, Chairman Mao also proposed to Khrushchev to help us build an atomic bomb and provide samples of the atomic bomb.Khrushchev again refused.Of course Chairman Mao was even more annoyed! After this meeting, Khrushchev proposed to Liu Shaoqi through Eugene that we join the Economic Cooperation Council.After Chairman Mao knew about it, he said: "We will not participate." They mentioned it many times on various occasions, but we did not express our position. After the National Day in 1954, Hearst and his party visited the south of my country (discussed below).When returning, on the plane, Khgeshchev had a private discussion with Bulganin: try to turn the northeast of our country into an agricultural area, specializing in the production of commodity grain; while the Soviet Union will turn their Far East coastal area into an industrial area.In this way, let us exchange agricultural products for industrial products for the USSR.I returned to Beijing to report to Chairman Mao. After returning to Beijing, Hearst met with Chairman Mao alone again, and still talked about participating in the Economic Exchange Conference.At first, Chairman Mao did not express his position.Hexcel explained softly: "Eastern European countries are small and want to develop their economies in an all-round way. It is meaningless to have everything. It is wasteful, unnecessary, and impossible to do so. There is only division of labor and cooperation, each with its own emphasis. Only by helping each other can there be a way out." Chairman Mao immediately said, "There is no need for China to participate." Hearst had no choice but to say that China did not need to participate.There are many Chinese people, the land is vast, and resources are abundant, so we must develop in an all-round way.But he didn't give up. On some informal occasions, he still talked about his own ideas, but with a slight twist in the way of speaking—the Soviet Union held an economic and mutual exchange meeting in Europe, and China held similar things in Asia. Shortly thereafter, the Soviet side announced that they would give us a complete set of agricultural machinery from the state-run farm, which seemed to pave the way for their above-mentioned plan.But our necks are not so easy to get hooked on. Khrushchev tried to control us, interfere in our internal affairs, and did everything he could.He manipulated us by using the 256 projects aided by the Soviet Union signed under the leadership of Stalin to build our country.What can be given to us and what cannot be given to us.He has the final say, no "agreement" or "contract" is binding on him.Later, when he discovered that China was not a muddy and soft egg that he could manipulate, he unilaterally tore up the contract in 1958, withdrew the experts and took away the drawings.The aid project was stopped.Thinking that this will put China in a situation where it will never be restored.However, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the Chinese people are hard bones after all, and we still stand tall!Without them, we still developed, the economy developed, and we had nuclear energy and nuclear bombs. This is obvious to all!It should be admitted that Khrushchev's perverse actions have indeed caused us some difficulties.But it is only difficult, what are you afraid of?The Chinese people have always faced difficulties! While Khrushchev suppressed us with 256 projects, he also dumped low-quality goods to us, such as low-quality bicycles and low-quality watches, and sold more than 2,000 unsalable cars instead of the Czech Republic.For this matter, Hearst directly approached Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou and begged them hard.Khrushchev can do it!But his purpose has been achieved - it not only makes us lose money and pay for waste products; it also means contempt for us, we can't produce these things for the time being. Khrushchev couldn't hold us back, so he wanted to contain our young People's Republic of China.The blueprints and experts of 256 projects were withdrawn midway, not to mention the three-year difficult period in our country. In 1963, we were forced to "repay" the "debt" of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.The cause of the crisis in North Korea has nothing to do with our country; but the crisis has already emerged, we cannot stand by and do nothing, and this situation is not good for us.So under the repeated request of Stalin and out of the obligation of internationalism, it was decided that China would provide personnel and the Soviet Union would provide arms to resist the US and aid Korea.The blood of millions of outstanding sons and daughters of China was spilled on North Korea and forced the U.S. military back to the 38th parallel.However, the perfidious Khrushchev took advantage of our difficulties and forced us to "pay back" the military expenses for the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.In the Stalin era, our two countries trusted each other. Our country sent people, and the Soviet Union sent arms and equipment. They were all verbal talks. There was no written agreement, and we didn't even keep an account.At this moment, it is up to Khrushchev to say as much as he wants.When I learned the news, I was under house arrest. I wanted to prove what Stalin said but could not.Chairman Mao said "repay", we tightened our belts, and "repaid" this stupid debt. This is how the Sino-Soviet friendship created by Stalin and Mao Zedong was destroyed step by step by Khrushchev! Khrushchev did not have the courage and demeanor of a head of state at all, he was just a rude clown.For example: when he traveled around the world, especially when he visited the United States, he disregarded the situation and ran around as he wanted. When he gave a speech to the American people, he took off his shoes and scratched the table. Then wantonly exposed, it can be said that he has made a fool of himself internationally.There are a lot of embarrassments in our country, but our journalism is much more serious, so just don't use him as a gimmick. During the high-level meeting between China and the Soviet Union on October 3, 1954, the service staff delivered working meals, including Hunan bacon, ham (made with pine smoke), toast and tea.It was the first time for the guests to taste these special and very delicious local foods, and they were all swept away without giving in.It seems that he still wants to eat, but he is really embarrassed to ask for it again. At the end of the talk, Chairman Mao said: Are you planning to go to some places in our country, especially the south? He: Be sure to take a walk and have a look, everything here is unfamiliar and new to us.There are many places we want to go, but this time we can only see the north and south along the coast and along the river. Chairman Mao: Then you can go around and have a look around. You can go wherever you like, as if you are in your own home, and we are not going to make any special arrangements.I like to move freely and freely, without being led by the nose! Khrushchev was going to the south with full satisfaction, but we did not make any arrangements or preparations.However, the sinologist and translator Federline they brought with them was unwilling to accompany them, and no one from their embassy accompanied them.After I learned about this situation, I considered that they not only did not understand the language, but also did not understand Chinese customs; our cadres also lacked experience in receiving foreign guests at that time.If they are allowed to go on a rampage by themselves, it would be a little inappropriate. If they make a fool of themselves and make trouble, we will be disgraceful.So Premier Zhou and I reported the situation and volunteered to accompany them on a tour. There are more than 30 people in the Hexcel team, and there are various service personnel.Three planes in the air escorted him, and a special train on the ground accompanied him.There are two sets of train service personnel, two kitchens, and two sets of Chinese and Western food.The special train was commanded by Wu Jingtian. The southbound route is: take a train from Beijing to Hangzhou via Tianjin, Jinan, Shanghai; take a plane from Hangzhou to Guangzhou; fly back to Beijing from Guangzhou, with a short stop in Wuhan. When they arrived in Shanghai, most of them, especially Mikoyan, tried to get in touch with Shanghai residents, first of all, they wanted to associate with Shanghai workers. They walked the streets, ate wontons, visited shops and parks, and danced with young people on the street for fun.Then take a boat tour on the Huangpu River.Khrushchev was very excited about traveling, and suddenly heard that the depth of the river was more than 30 meters, so he immediately asked to return to the shore. When going to Guangzhou, because of Khrushchev’s self-willedness, he refused to let the Chinese accompany him, so he recklessly boarded his own special plane first, and Mikoyan and I took the second plane, which took off half an hour later than He’s plane. After Khrushchev's plane landed at Guangzhou Airport, Tao Zhu, Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee, went to greet him, but due to a language barrier, they had no choice but to wink, point fingers, or look at each other in silence.When we got off the plane, Khrushchev yelled "Help us quickly" and rushed towards me, thus ending their boring 30 minutes. When visiting rubber plantations in the suburbs of Guangzhou, Khrushchev paid special attention to the explanations, inspected them carefully, and asked many questions, including the objectively existing development prospects.These rubber trees are tree species brought back by overseas Chinese from Southeast Asia, and they have grown to the thickness of a fist.Local cadres also introduced to him the production situation of the rubber plantation in Hainan Island. Heshi looked, listened, and asked, salivating.I don't know who said this: "Is this the first time you have walked into a rubber plantation in your life?" Khrushchev immediately lost interest. After returning from the south, I wrote a written report to Chairman Mao. Before the main Suzhou delegation returned to China, a thank-you banquet was held at the Soviet Exhibition Hall (now the Beijing Exhibition Hall).Before the banquet, Premier Zhou called on Khrushchev first.One is to tell him that Chairman Mao will attend this banquet; the other is to ask for advice on how to visit the inkstone along the way when they return home.Then each drove to the banquet hall. As soon as I left Khrushchev and walked out the gate, Zhou Enlai told me thoughtfully: The chairman said that the cover would be lifted.Now, because the cover is covered and pressed, new forces and new things cannot develop, which is not good for our economic construction and career development.All good things, as long as they go to their opposite, become a stumbling block, a blocker, or something that hinders progress, they must be removed. Otherwise, how can we move forward? ! I listened intently, wondering what this cover was?What is it covered?Still scratching my head. The cars of Chairman Mao and Khrushchev arrived almost at the same time, and they walked into the banquet hall together, talking and laughing happily.Furtseva, Shepolov, and Alexandrov came forward to say hello to Chairman Mao and asked to take a photo with them, and Chairman Mao complied with their request. The day after the farewell banquet, Khrushchev led the Soviet delegation to Luda, Shenyang, Changchun, and Harbin, and then returned to China via Suifenhe.I was the one who sent them to the border again. From Beijing to Dalian, it was getting late, so I arranged for the guests to stay in the hotel.Only Khrushchev first went to visit the Soviet troops stationed in Shishun.When they arrived at Su's headquarters, they couldn't find anyone except one or two service personnel.The Soviet army was full of food all day long, with no intentions and lax discipline, which can be seen.When Khrushchev saw that no one was serving him, he immediately reprimanded the service staff with an angry face.There was no other way to do that. I went away in a hurry, so I had no choice but to return disappointed.He rushed back to Dalian in the middle of the night to find me again, and it was imperative to resettle him again. The next day, Admiral Kuznetsov of the Soviet Navy was called to Dalian to meet Khrushchev.Accompanied by Kuznetsov, the delegation inspected the navy and visited the shooting exercises and artillery installations on the coastal defense line. Kuznetsov did not give Khrushchev a boost, and Khrushchev immediately dismissed him after returning home.During Khrushchev's visit to Harbin, he had more contacts with overseas Chinese from Su.These Soviet overseas Chinese were all White Russians and their descendants who fled to Harbin in October. Especially at Yimianpo station, Khrushchev kept talking to Su overseas Chinese.Those expatriates said with one voice that we ourselves are laborers, miss our motherland, and are willing to return to the Soviet Union to participate in the construction of the country.This is the reason why the Soviet government later decided to take all Soviet overseas Chinese back to China and arrange them to work in Siberia and other places. When Khrushchev left the country via the Northeast and returned home, especially in North Manchuria, what caught his eyelids was the endless fertile fields.The plan he had talked about with Bulganin on the plane when he was heading south—to turn the northeast of our country into a granary—was more determined at this time. Khrushchev was secretly planning his own wishful thinking.However, the Chinese people represented by Mao Zedong will not be fooled.The independence bought with so much blood is more precious than anything else!We will defend ourselves! ! In 1956, during the convening of the Eighth Congress of the Party, there were several important foreign affairs activities, including Mikoyan's visit. One afternoon, I was invited to the lounge of the CPPCC Auditorium, the site of the conference.The dining table there had not been cleared, Mao Zedong and Mikoyan were sitting at the table talking, and Comrade Marxist-Leninist was helping with the language exchange.After I arrived, I took a short rest, and Mao Zedong asked me to continue the translation.It sounds like, before this, Mao Zedong talked about the struggle within the party in various periods in history, especially the expression of "left" and right opportunism in the party and the harm of various unhealthy tendencies to the party, and the wrong line to correct comrades. blow and so on.I continued to translate this topic. Later the topic all turned to the international side, including the Soviet Union, sometimes talking about the Communist International, and sometimes pointing to the Soviet Union.Mikoyan hardly interrupted, just listened. The main content is: In his childhood, the Communist Party of China, due to lack of experience, always swayed from the "Left" to the right, especially the "Left" opportunist line ruled for a long time, so the "Left" mistakes brought great harm to the party. The harm and loss are also the greatest.As a result, we lost 90% of our revolutionary base areas (Soviet areas), and lost 100% of the party organizations in the white areas.This is all the result of blindly listening, blindly obeying, and acting blindly because you don't believe in yourself.At the same time, due to the unhealthy trend in the international communist movement, there appeared a distinction between "the old son's party" and the "son's party".No matter how it is called a "fraternal party" verbally, it is actually a party that can override other parties, destroying the relationship between fraternal parties, and forming the "old son party" and "son party" - I give orders , You are obedient and obedient, regardless of whether what I say or do is right or wrong.This is a bad habit and a bad tradition. It is an extreme injustice to ask an equal fraternal party to obey the words of another party. the wind!Just imagine: how can a party under another situation and condition be required to follow, copy, and rigidly formulate policies and guidelines based on the specific conditions, needs, and interests of one party?Objective practice and the lessons of blood have proved that this approach is extremely wrong, and it is harmful to the revolution but not beneficial.Among them, the most serious and fundamental mistake was to suppress and exclude the correct leadership, negate and abandon the correct line, and cause the revolution to suffer losses again and again. In the end, they were forced to abandon the revolutionary base and ran for 25,000 miles. , Facts have educated the diehards in our party, and only setbacks and losses have cleared their minds.In the past, they would not listen to the words that were beneficial and in line with the facts. He stretched his ears long and only listened to foreign words. .The inability to listen to correct opinions is certainly due to their ignorance and ignorance, blindly following them, and only trusting others but not themselves; but at the same time, it is also because of many unhealthy trends, such as: subjectivism, dogmatism, sectarianism, empiricism, etc. The latter (referring to empiricism) became the former's captive, and actually acted as an accomplice, weakening the party's fighting capacity.In the process of growing our party, on the tortuous road and under extremely difficult conditions, we not only had to deal with powerful, cunning and ferocious Chinese and foreign enemies (foreign imperialism, domestic feudal forces and reactionaries), but also had to deal with every step of the way. All kinds of opportunistic and speculators fight against ignorance and ignorance, and constantly correct and correct our progress.Due to the childishness and ignorance of our Party itself, and because some people are self-willed and do not trust the masses, they blindly listen to other people's, distant, foreign, strange, and sensational things, regardless of whether they are correct or not, as long as they are foreign. No, no matter whether it is useful to our revolution or not, it will be accepted as a sacred object, copied, copied, used, and followed, regardless of the consequences.The responsibility for this blind obedience is of course not others, but our own.But the other side that caused this phenomenon has to be made clear!If you don't explain clearly, if you don't explain clearly, how can you learn from experience and lessons?On the other hand, it is to wear tiger skins and pull up big banners to intimidate people; empty rants, bluffs, big talk, domineering and so on.And all of these are childish and ignorant manifestations, which have no benefit to reality and can only cause endless harm.They simply don't understand that to make a revolution, you must be honest, diligent, down-to-earth, seek truth from facts, work hard, and do not have the slightest falsehood, so that you can make achievements and achieve success. Once our party overcomes its own weaknesses, it will embark on the correct broad road, showing its unlimited strength!This is a reliable guarantee for the victory and steady progress of our country's revolution, and it is a valuable experience obtained at a high price!Those of us who are alive today are particularly saddened by those who died in front of us. This is the reason for this. Only by seriously and responsibly examining and summarizing the path we have taken in the past, drawing lessons and drawing correct conclusions, Only then will it be beneficial and helpful to the revolution! In all this we will, at the right time and in the right place, state our own views and the lessons we have learned at great cost.In other words, we have to speak, we have to speak, we have to write articles; if we can't hold our breath, we will curse people.We have this democratic right, we must use it, and no one can keep our mouths shut.There is an old saying in China, which is called "If there is injustice, there will be a cry." We have to speak and write articles, which is based on this meaning.总之，气不平，就要出气；理不合，就要讲理……如此等等。 毛泽东谈得比较含蓄，米高扬当时理解了多少很难说，而毛泽东的这些话，当然是早已筹思好了的。 这里需要交待的是：这次谈话是在1956年9月下旬，即1956年4月5日发表了《关于无产阶级专政的历史经验》一文之后，1956年12月29日发表《再论无产阶级专政的历史经验》之前。而对这两论，当时在我国工作的苏联专家一再说：“这些话，都是对着我们说的，我们懂得其中的意思。”听了毛泽东的一席谈，我想起了毛泽东第一次访苏时，一再想同斯大林、莫洛托夫谈他的心中事，而未能成功。这次同米高扬谈的，也许就包括了他原来想谈的若干问题，只是问题比过去更严重了。 1956年初秋，我出差正在山东，忽接中央电，令我速归待命。我将有什么任务已猜到八九分。因为我在山东已得知匈牙利出了事的消息。在山东工作的匈牙利几位专家及其家属忧心国事，愁盾苦脸，甚至有的哭哭啼啼，全都惊慌失措。 我赶回北京，得知赫鲁晓夫又来了“万万火急”的电报（贝利亚事件时，他也来过“万万火急”的电报），要求中共中央立即派代表团赴莫斯科商量问题。 1956年5月发生波滋南事件时，周恩来正在波兰访问，帮了一臂之力，解决了问题。10月，又发生匈牙利事件，赫鲁晓夫慌了神。 这时，他又需要中国共产党的帮助了。但他知道我们对他那“老子党”的作风有意见，所以他对我们在此问题上究竟会采取什么态度，心中无底。我们立即组织了刘少奇为团长，邓小平、王稼祥、胡乔木等人参加的中共代表团赴莫斯科。 赫鲁晓夫自己心虚，怕我们不支持他，怕我们在匈牙利事件上采取中间立场。所以他邀中共代表团以及代表团的到达，他都没有让苏共政治局的其他人知道，而是他一个人驱车到机场迎接我们。为的是便于他先摸底，以争取主动。 我们飞抵莫斯科，一下飞机，赫鲁晓夫就把刘少奇拉上自己的车，代表团其他成员上另一辆车，他是不管了。他同刘少奇和我挤在后座上。一上车，他就把隔板提起来，为的是不让前座的人听到他们谈话。 赫鲁晓夫开始同刘少奇“咬耳朵”。先是介绍了匈牙利事件发生的前前后后，说布达佩斯已是一片混乱，领导人拉科西，赫格居斯等都逃到苏联来避难；匈牙利已成为无政府状态；共产党员和干部被绞死，悬挂在电线杆上示众；而西方的大批反动派已拥到奥匈边界，窥测动向，蠢蠢欲动。驻匈苏军、苏侨及他们的家属受到威胁。说他们的安排是：一、派了米高扬到匈牙利去坐镇；二，把驻匈苏军、苏侨及他们的家属撤回国。这些家属同当地群众感情很深，但也得全部撤回。现在（我们到达之际）正从布达佩斯撤退中，部分已到边界，说纳吉，伊姆列很活跃、想揽权等等。 刘少奇只是听，一言不发。始终未表态，可以感觉到赫鲁晓夫的惴惴不安。 到了招待处，他们既不让我们洗一把脸，也不让我们喝一口水，赫鲁晓夫就把代表团成员拉到桌子周围坐下，他把在车上对刘少奇说的话重复了一遍。完全是副六神无主的样子。当他说到在匈牙利的全部苏军家属和部分苏军已经撤出布达佩斯，撤向边境时，似乎是一种“安慰”我们的口气。 邓小平未等赫鲁晓夫把话说完，就斩钉截铁地说：“不能撤退！撤走了帝国主义就进来了。要站稳脚跟，坚守岗位！红军这么大的力量，还对付不了那么几个反动派？！”他的具体意见是：第一，苏军不能撤出匈牙利，不应把革命阵地拱手送给敌人；第二，全力扶持匈牙利共产党内坚定可靠的党员，协助他们掌握住政权，把党员、革命力量、积极分子团结在自己的周围，形成坚强的堡垒；第三，掌握住军队和警察的力量，让他们守住阵地、保护政权、维持秩序，坚决保卫党和政府机关不受破坏！在这方面苏联军队应起模范作用，才是真正的国际主义……。 赫鲁晓夫一听，摸着了中国的态度，腰杆子一下就硬起来了。而且马上就要离开，想回去向他们正在开着会的政治局报告好消息。刘少奇拦住了他，要他不必着急，还有话要说。恰在这时，服务人员报告饭准备好了。刘少奇邀赫鲁晓夫一同进餐，赫又要走；刘少奇要他把话听完，他还是要走。刘少奇说：“那好吧，以后再说。” 我把这句话译完了，加上一句自己的话；“你莫慌嘛，先听听少奇同志的意见！”他才勉强留了下来，但极象热锅上的蚂蚁，坐立不安。 席间，刘少奇说：“我们的态度是明朗了。但我们对你们的对外政策，特别是在处理同兄弟党的关系方面，还是有意见的！” 刘少奇告诉他：要善于从一个事件中吸取经验教训，以便纠正其它方面类似的缺点或不足之处，找到恰当的办法。特别象同兄弟党、兄弟国家之间关系方面存在的问题应当虚心、耐心地听取他们的意见。你们应该利用当前的机会，在这方面多作点工作。今天能主动地解决一些迫切的问题，更为适合时宜，更为有利。在这方面，中国党作为第三者，有些意见和看法，也希望有机会在一个适当的场合同你们交换交换意见。 刘少奇简单地提了几点意见，并提出要在他们的政治局会议上发言，赫鲁晓夫全都立即表示同意（这个时候，说什么他都会同意的）。 进餐当然很快，赫鲁晓夫匆匆离去。刘少奇开始准备发言提纲。提纲内容我大致了解了一下，感到很有说服力，很感人。对翻译好这次讲话，我更加有把握，有信心。 这时的苏共政治局，赫鲁晓夫已经把莫洛托夫，卡冈诺维奇、马林科夫、伏罗希洛夫等都搞下去了，旧的政治局委员只有米高扬、亚历山大罗夫、福尔采娃、谢皮洛夫等。其他都是新手。留下几个，也只不过是为了巩固赫鲁晓夫自己的地位。另外，还想借助我们的力量吓内部一“中共是支持我的！”第二天，刘少奇在苏共政治局会议上的发言，讲了几个小时，主要是批评他们的沙文主义，对兄弟党的不正确态度和恶劣作风。这个讲话非常精彩！为了意思连贯，他一口气讲一大段，我也没有逐句翻译，而是按他的意思，丢开讲稿，站立起来，加上手势，就象我自己发表演说一样，王稼祥在旁边冲我竖起大拇指说：“棒！棒！” 少奇同志的讲话中有批评、有劝导、有启发，也有建议。完全是同志式的关怀和帮助，批评也是为了引起他们对问题的注意和重视，希望他们能够自己改正缺点和疏忽、不足之处，真可谓苦口婆心！ 中心问题是希望他们对兄弟党、兄弟国家不论大小、不论人数多少、历史长短、功劳大小，都应一律平等，互相尊重。我们坚决不赞成、坚决反对那种“老子党和儿子党”的关系！而应该是在平等的基础上，互相尊重、互相帮助。尤其不能把自己的意见强加于人。兄弟党之间当然应该经常的互通信息、交换意见、交流经验、相互切磋、沟通思想，以求得意见的一致。但绝对不是一个党对另一个党发号施令，要求别人无条件服从，这是行不通的，也是十分有害的。相反，较大的、较老的党应该更谦虚些、更谨慎些，应该更多地关心、帮助、照顾较小的，较年轻的党。在这些方面，大家应该多想想，多考虑自己做得够不够？ ! 他们政治局的人个个听得低下头。只有福尔采娃似乎坐不住了，几次想离席走开，但被赫鲁晓夫制止，不许动，要她耐心地听下去。 少奇同志继续讲：较老的党、较大的党在与兄弟党之间发生了矛盾的时候，就应当首先多作自我批评。主动纠正错误或偏差，多想想自己的不足之处或不正确之处，考虑如何引正和改善，希望我们大家经常注意到这样的事实一较小、较年轻的党，往往不便于向他的老大哥提建议、提要求，更谈不上提什么批评意见了。鉴于此，我们希望在这些方面多做些思考，多做些工作，同时不希望苏共作为老大哥对某些问题，特别是在对各兄弟党、兄弟国家的关系上，不妨多作点自我批评，以弥补不足和疏漏之处，我们这些意见和建议，不只是今天对你们讲讲而已，更希望你们借今天所形成的局面，进一步作些表态，求得各兄弟党的理解和谅解，以达到进一步的友好团结，而团结就是力量！ 为此目的，建议苏联不妨发表一项正式的声明或宣言，一方面作些自我批评；一方面表明自己对各兄弟党之间正确关系的态度，以及在国际问题上的主要立场等。以期社会主义国家之间在苏联老大哥的周围达到更进一步的、更坚固的团结。 赫鲁晓夫做得出，他这时需要我们的支持。乖得象猫儿一样，对我们的尖锐批评，他也不得不承认，但究竟能起多大作用呢？ 会后，苏共由谢皮洛夫执笔起草并发布了宣言。宣言是完全按我们的意思写的，使人以为他悔改了。但实际上，他们只不过做姿态应付局面而已。 我们在莫斯科只呆了3天，返回时匈牙利暴乱已平息，局势已稳定。但赫鲁晓夫却依然故我，我行我素。我们还未启程，他们就又摆起了“老子党”的架子。