Chapter 13 Chapter Twelve Strengthening the Armed Defense of the Border Areas

Yan'an became the seat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the capital of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. The two parties of the Communist Party of China realized cooperation in resisting Japan and founding the nation. Chiang Kai-shek's National Government recognized the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region as a special zone under the jurisdiction of the National Government.But Chiang Kai-shek did not give up his ambition to eat the Communist Party, cancel the border areas, and eliminate the revolutionary forces.The Kuomintang troops are fully stationed around the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, forming a situation of encircling the border region.Chiang Kai-shek transferred the Northeast Army and Northwest Army who were more sympathetic to the Communist Party from Shaanxi, and transferred his direct line Hu Zongnan to the south of the Shaanxi border area, with Ma Hongkui in the west, the 22nd Army and Fu Zuoyi's army in the north, with a total strength of about 300,000 troops. The Japanese army Chen Bing was on the east bank of the Yellow River, staring at him.The Chinese Communist Party is also clearly aware of realizing the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, consolidating and developing the united front, safeguarding the security of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the birthplace of anti-Japanese democracy - the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, and "creating a model area for anti-Japanese and democracy". Without a strong armed force, It is unthinkable without the barrel of a gun.As Mao Zedong said: "Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun." "The military is the main component of state power. Whoever wants to seize state power and maintain it should have a strong army." Gao Gang put Mao Zedong's wise thesis into practice in his work in the border area.

Beginning on July 17, 1937, the Kuomintang was represented by Chiang Kai-shek, Zhang Chong, and Shao Lizi; the Chinese Communist Party was represented by Zhou Enlai, Bogu, and Lin Boqu. After many negotiations, there was no result.Under the tight situation in Shanghai, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to agree to the conditions of the CCP, and finally reached an agreement in Lushan to change the Red Army of Workers and Peasants into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, which was under the Military Commission of the Kuomintang.The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China issued an order on August 25 that the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army (later called the Eighteenth Army), with three divisions under its jurisdiction, namely, the 115th Division and the 120th Division (reorganized from the Northern Shaanxi Red Army and the First Front Army). ), the 129th Division, a total of more than 40,000 people (one said more than 30,000), which is actually larger than this number.When the Red Army was changed to the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, some people could not accept the change of clothing, collar badges, cap badges, etc.Gao Gang personally worked for some cadres and soldiers.He said: "Our Communist Party and the Red Army want to liberate the whole of China. This is the essence and the purpose of the Red Army. We can change our name and hat, but our hearts are red. In order to fight Japan and save China, we need to change our number and dress. , is conducive to the War of Resistance, and has not changed its nature, so don't be emotionally blocked..."

When the main force of the Red Army was reorganized, part of the local armed forces were reorganized into the Eighth Route Army and the main force was enriched. Some of them were used as the left-behind troops of the Eighth Route Army, and some were reorganized into the security forces.However, after the main force of the Eighth Route Army was reorganized, it was sent to the front line of the Anti-Japanese War. The troops left behind in the border areas (the 770th Regiment of the 129th Division, the 718th Regiment of the 120th Division) and the security forces were small in number, poorly equipped, and poorly qualified. Low, but the task is very heavy, far from being able to undertake the task of rear defense.At that time, the Kuomintang government did not give the left-behind troops a designation, nor appointed leaders, in an attempt to cancel the armed forces in the border areas.

In May 1937, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Special Zone was established, and the Central Military Commission decided to establish the Security Command, appointing Gao Gang as the commander. On September 6, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government was established, and the Security Command officially announced it.Gao Gang remained the commander, political commissar and director of the Public Security Department of the Security Command, Tan Xilin was the chief of staff, and Lu Zhenqiu was the director of the Political Department, commanding the local armed and security forces. Since then, Gao Gang has taken on the important task of defending the Party Central Committee, the border areas, the fruits of the revolution and the vested interests of the people, and the construction of the rear of the Anti-Japanese War with guns.In accordance with Mao Zedong's instructions to "reorganize the security force, eliminate traitors and troublemakers, and create a model area for resistance to Japan and democracy" and the spirit of "expanding the Red Army" decided at the Luochuan Conference, he concentrated on reorganizing and expanding the security force, and stepped up training. Improve combat effectiveness to meet the needs of strengthening and consolidating the anti-Japanese base areas after the large troops have moved to the front line, mobilize the masses, mobilize to join the army, expand the left-behind troops and security forces of the Eighth Route Army, and transform the organization of the Red Guards.In the meantime, some stragglers and small uprising troops from the Kuomintang army were taken in to expand the Red Army.For example, Gao Gang sent Mu Shengzhong to Suide to incorporate a riot team from Wubao of the Kuomintang. At that time, he called himself the "Black Army" (with various UNPROFOR armed forces inside), and then reorganized it into an anti-Japanese guerrilla team and appointed leaders.

According to the combat effectiveness and political quality of the local troops, guerrillas and security forces, he was reorganized into the basic security brigade, the county security brigade, and the guard force.Firstly, the Guanzhong, Qinghuan, Sanbian, Shenfu, and Yanshu security headquarters (later called the security headquarters) and 10 basic security brigades were established, and 23 counties established security brigades and several guards, as well as strengthened cavalry regiments, The teaching battalion and other troops also formed a basic self-defense force of more than 30,000 people.

The security forces shouldered the task of eliminating bandits and traitors in the border area, defending the Party Central Committee, defending the border area, safeguarding the safety of people's lives and property, and being ready to fight the Japanese army at any time.In addition to fighting independently, they also undertake the task of cooperating with the Eighth Route Army in combat and transporting cadres and soldiers to the Eighth Route Army's left behind troops. In the winter of 1937, in order to meet the needs of suppressing bandits and the Anti-Japanese War, the Party Central Committee unified and reorganized the local troops in the border area into 8 garrison regiments and cavalry regiments to facilitate command and expansion of the troops.After that, garrison headquarters were set up in Suide, Jiaxian, Wubao, Qingjian and other places.The Eighth Route Army's left-behind office was changed to the headquarters of the left-behind corps (still called the left-behind office).The left-behind troops expanded to 2,500 people. Gao Gang mobilized some people from the Self-Defense Forces to join the army, and most of them were transported by the security forces.At the same time, the Security Command decided to expand the security team to 4,000 people and complete the task from November to mid-December.At the Second Party Congress of the Border Region, a resolution was made to expand the army by 3,500.By 1940, there were more than 30,000 security forces and left behind troops.This army's participation in battles is related to the defense of its hometown. Most of the battles are in the local area. The people are familiar with the terrain, easy to use their advantages, and have strong combat effectiveness.Therefore, the security forces are the direct reliance of the local government, and they have played a supporting role in consolidating the government, defending the construction of model areas in anti-Japanese democratic base areas, and maintaining social order.

On January 28, 1938, Gao Gang reported to the Secretariat of the Central Committee the situation of the security department and the reorganization of the army.After hearing this, Mao Zedong instructed: the security forces should be under the unified command of the Security Command.While forming the security forces, the construction of the Self-Defense Forces was strengthened. Gao Gang personally presided over the drafting, and the Party Committee of the Border Region made the "Decision on Transforming the Red Guards", pointing out that the original Red Guards would be reorganized into the Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Forces.He also formulated the "Regulations on the Organization of the Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Forces in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region", and the Border Region Government and the Security Command jointly issued an order to issue the "Regulations".The regulations clearly stipulate that "the Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Army is a semi-military mass anti-Japanese armed organization in the border area, and it is also an anti-Japanese reserve army." It cooperates with the security forces or is solely responsible for eliminating traitors and bandits, searching for sporadic bandits, catching detectives, serving as guards, setting up Check posts, scout the enemy, deliver intelligence, conduct anti-Japanese training, and undertake related military work during wartime.

The formation of the Self-Defense Forces was modeled in Yan'an County. In May, a review of the Self-Defense Forces was held, and more than 3,000 Self-Defense Forces participated. Gao Gang made a report at the review meeting and announced the "Regulations" and "Decisions." The self-defense army is organized in squads, platoons, companies and battalions, with the battalion as the highest unit.Each member of the Self-Defense Forces is equipped with a weapon.The Security Command issued some guns and other weapons, and by the end of 1938, the number of people participating in the Self-Defense Forces had reached 220,000.Among them, a model self-defense force of 30,000 people and a basic self-defense force of 40,000 were formed.Villages, townships, and counties in the entire border area have established their own self-defense army organizations, and sent more than 7,000 soldiers to the front troops and the troops left behind.Afterwards, another 280,000 Young Pioneers were organized.The number of people participating in the Self-Defense Forces and the Young Pioneers accounted for a quarter of the total population of the region, and it was true that all the people were soldiers, ready to fight when they were called.In the 45 years after the Anti-Japanese War, 30,000 people in the region joined the army to fight.

In the case of a large force going to the front line, this powerful local people's armed force is not only the main pillar for safeguarding the tranquility of the border area, but also the foundation for our party's independence, united front and consolidation of political power. It is also an important part of the anti-Japanese armed forces. In order to improve the combat effectiveness and political quality of the Security Forces and Self-Defense Forces, the Security Command stepped up military training and put forward the slogan of "tasks are more important than life, and obedience to the organization comes first".Adopting the mass line training method of officers teaching soldiers, soldiers teaching officers, mutual teaching and mutual learning, regular organization, political education and military training, continuous improvement of military quality and political awareness, and strengthened discipline.In the self-defense army, the basic self-defense army is mainly cultivated, so that it can maintain local order in peacetime, participate in production, and cooperate with the troops to fight in wartime. Sometimes they are completely out of production and fight with the troops. They are both combat teams and production teams.The security force and such a powerful local "Tuba Road" have been trained by the whole group, and their organization, discipline and combat effectiveness have been continuously improved. From the beginning of the War of Resistance to the difficult years of victory in the War of Resistance, this force cooperated with the main force, It played a major role in fighting against Japanese invaders, defending border defenses, defending river defenses, countering friction, defending political power, suppressing bandits and maintaining local law and order.Defended the rear and supported the front.As Chen Yun said, "If there were no left-behind corps and security forces in the current Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, we would not be able to exist here, and we would have been driven away long ago." He also said: The masses in the border region have a revolutionary tradition. He wholeheartedly supports and supports the Party Central Committee, and has high political awareness and anti-Japanese enthusiasm.However, "We must pay attention to the immediate problems of the masses and help them solve their difficulties. This is the key to mobilizing the masses." "If the immediate interests of the masses are not resolved, it will be difficult to expand the army, and it will even affect the consolidation of the army."

In order to develop and consolidate the armed forces, Gao Gang presided over the drafting of the Border Region Party Congress and Senate Council, which were discussed and approved at the meeting: resolutions on eradicating bandits and traitors, expanding local armed forces, supporting the Eighth Route Army, giving preferential treatment to the Anti-Japanese Army, etc. Regulatory documents provide a legal basis for the development and expansion of the armed forces. In May 1942, the Central Military Commission decided to establish the Joint Defense Command of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Suizhou in Yan'an to unify the military command in the two regions of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningsui and Northwest Shanxi.He Long served as the commander, Gao Gang served as the deputy political commissar, the acting political commissar (political commissar Guan Xiangying was sick), Xu Xiang was the former deputy commander and chief of staff, and Lin Feng served as the deputy political commissar.The 120th Division, the Remaining Corps, the Northwest Shanxi New Army, the 359th Brigade, the Security Department of the Border Region, and the Artillery Regiment were all under the leadership and command of the Joint Division.The security forces are organized into regular troops, with a total strength of nearly 40,000 troops in the border area. In June, the financial and economic committees of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia and northwestern Shanxi were established. Gao Gang served as a member of the financial committee and Lin Boqu was the director.The central government stipulates the functions of the Joint Defense Command and the Finance and Economics Committee: 1. Unify the military command and construction of the Northwest Shanxi and Shanxi, Gansu, Ningsui and other regions; 2. Unify the financial and economic construction of the two regions; 3. Unify the party and government in the two regions military-civilian relations.

In September, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region started streamlining its troops and streamlining its administration to unify its military command. The Central Military Commission decided to merge the Eighth Route Army’s Remaining Corps and the Joint Defense Command (referred to externally as the Remaining Corps Command) under the unified leadership of the Northwest Bureau.Xiao Jinguang was the commander, Gao Gang was the political commissar, Zhang Jingwu was the deputy commander, Fang Qiang was the deputy political commissar, Cao Lihuai was the chief of staff, and Mo Wenhua was the director of the Political Department.Mao Zedong commented on the left-behind corps: The left-behind corps played an important role in the border area, that is, the anti-Japanese base area.People in our central government "need to rely on the left-behind corps for food!" "A bird has a nest, a feather has a cradle, and a revolution must have a base." He also said to Mo Wenhua: "The troops must establish a good relationship with Gao Gang when they are in the border areas. " In order to accumulate anti-Japanese counter-offensive forces, the troops under the command of the Remaining Corps Command continued to increase. In 1943, the Central Military Commission transferred back to the border area to include the 358th Brigade, the Independent 1st Brigade, the New 4th Brigade, the Anti-Japanese University General School, and the 7th Branch School. The number of troops increased by 3.5 More than ten thousand people. In October, the Northwest Bureau and the Joint Defense Command held a joint meeting of senior generals and military cadres. Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Gao Gang, and Lin Biao successively made reports at the meeting. In June 1944, the First Teaching Brigade and the Second Teaching Brigade were transferred from the front, and they were all under the unified command of the Joint Defense Command.By 1945, the joint defense force had grown to more than 76,000 people, becoming a powerful force in the border area. After the unified command of the troops in Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Jinsui, and Suizhou regions, the joint defense command paid close attention to the military training and political education of the troops, trained military backbones, and actively prepared for the counteroffensive to welcome the final victory.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, a large number of troops were transferred to other places to take over the new area. During the eight-year Anti-Japanese War, under the leadership of the Party Committee of the Border Region (later the Central Bureau), the Eighth Route Army's Remaining Office and the Security Command conscientiously implemented Mao Zedong's army-building line, insisted on arming the troops with Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, and learned from "Zhu De's shooter". ", "He Long Bomber" and "Gaogang Assassin" as the main content, conduct actual combat training for the troops, and guide the military construction of the troops. In mid-September 1944, Yan'an held a meeting of representatives of learning models and combat heroes of the left-behind corps. Gao Gang delivered a speech at the meeting of the Northwest Bureau entertaining representatives of heroes and models. On the 26th, Gao Gang, accompanied by Mao Zedong, He Long, Chen Yi, Lin Biao, Nie Rongzhen, etc., and Paul Reed of the US military observation group, watched the seven military technical performances of the left-behind troops at the Yan'an Dongguan University Playground, including bombing, assassination, and shooting. Praise from all the generals and members of the US observation team.Compared with other base areas, there were relatively few wars in the border areas.But there are relatively more military training in military training and martial arts training.Gao Gang often went to the training ground to teach and guide techniques such as bombing, assassination, and shooting. The military in the border area took a road of gradual upgrading from the self-defense army, the militia-local troops-the main force, so that the troops continued to grow and their combat effectiveness continued to increase, making contributions to the defense of the border area and the northwest. Since the failure of the Great Revolution in 1927, Gao Gang has devoted himself to the construction of armed forces in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. He is a "gun fan" and a "soldier dealer" well-known in China.In terms of funding, military expenditures accounted for nearly half of the border area funds during the Anti-Japanese War. The hot land of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region is not only the cradle for training cadres, but also the source of the People's Army's march to the whole country and victory.From the start of the Eighth Route Army from the Shaanxi-Gansu base in 1937 to the surrender of Japan in 1945, our army opened up battlefields behind enemy lines in North China, East China, and South China, including the Shaanxi-Gansu Ningmu base area, and created 20 anti-Japanese base areas, covering 19 provinces and regions across the country. , there are party, government, military and economic leaders and backbones from the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region everywhere, and the army has grown to 1.2 million.Yan Xishan exclaimed: "We have resisted everything, and the Eighth Route Army has resisted a lot!" In the winter of 1937, the Japanese invaded and occupied Datong. In the Battle of Xinkou, Yan Xishan’s army was on the verge of collapse. In November, Taiyuan fell, and then Linfen and other places fell, and formed an offensive towards Suiyuan and Ningxia.Yan Xishan fled to Qiulin in Yichuan, Shaanxi in a hurry.According to Mao Zedong's instructions, Gao Gang immediately mobilized for direct resistance. In 1938, after the Japanese army occupied Northwest Shanxi, under the cover of aircraft and artillery, they attempted to cross the river to the west to commit crimes.The Japanese troops stationed in Suiyuan took the opportunity to attack the Iraqi League.The river defense is tight and the border area is dangerous. In order to defend the river defense of thousands of miles, the border defense of two thousand miles, and the anti-Japanese base area, the Central Military Commission ordered that the border security headquarters and the left-behind corps headquarters be jointly deployed, and the security forces were under the unified command of the left-behind corps headquarters.After the co-signing, the implementation of combat plans beyond locality, participated in the battle against Japan like the left behind troops, defended the border defense, defended the river defense, and transported troops for the main force going to the front line and took on the task of "cultivating and accumulating military cadres". In order to protect the safety of the rear, the security forces, with the cooperation of the left behind troops and the Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Forces, carried out a powerful offensive to wipe out the bandits.More than 40 groups of bandits in the border area were eliminated successively (36 groups were completely wiped out, and more than 10 groups were defeated), more than 4,000 people were killed and more than 300 people were killed and injured, more than 1,700 rifles and carbines were seized, more than 10 machine guns, and 2 cannons More than 70,000 rounds of ammunition, as well as war horses and other supplies, armed the security forces, and the banditry in the border area was eliminated. In the autumn of 1937, bandits in the Trilateral area took advantage of the Japanese army's invasion in Suimeng.Habitual bandit Zhang Tingzhi, Fan Yushan, Xue Zimao and other gangsters robbed property and raped women wherever they went, bringing heavy disasters to the people.Zhang Tingzhi belonged to Gao Guizi's subordinate of the 84th Division of the Kuomintang Army. He didn't want to fight against the Japanese, and rebelled as a bandit. He attacked a battalion and cavalry regiment of the Red Army in Qingyangcha, and then fled to three sides to make trouble.The Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao ordered Gao Gang, the security commander of the border area, to also serve as the commander of the bandit suppression, and ordered the cavalry regiment to go from Luochuan to the three sides to suppress the bandits.Kong Lingfu, head of the regiment and political commissar, led the cavalry regiment to Zhangjiapan after a few days of rapid march. When they saw Gao Gang, he led his troops to Dingbian and Yanchi, and wiped out a group of bandits in the Guantan area. The remnants fled to Baitu in Ma Hongkui's area Gang and other places.Afterwards, Zhang Tingzhi's bandits were surrounded by me in Xibalaliang. The bandits were terrified and threw away all their belongings.The troops tracked and chased to Laowan Village in Dingbian for accommodation. Gao Gang told the commanders and fighters that today's fighting is incomprehensible, so don't be discouraged.You must muster up your courage and have confidence, and you will definitely be able to eliminate this group of bandits and capture the bandit leader alive.The next day, Gao Gang led his troops to chase to Duiziliang and Bainijing in Dingbian, and then surrounded the enemy at Cangliang Village in the north of Anbian. They were besieged for two days and one night. The army hit hard and chased to Ningtiaoliang, Jingbian, and surrounded the enemy. The cavalry regiment and the guard regiment marched east and west, surrounded on all sides, annihilated more than 400 people, surrendered more than 500 guns, and more than 100 horses. The heavy blow of the bandit department made it defeated, and the remnants retreated into the city of Anbian, not daring to act rashly anymore.In September of that year, Gao Gang led his troops to encircle and suppress the bandits Wang Ziyi, Li Tiancai, and Jin Lin in Zhidan County, killing and wounding more than 200 enemies, and the rest of the scattered bandits fled the border area. From the end of October to the beginning of November, Gao Gang led his troops to chase and annihilate Fan Yushan and Xue Zimao from Suiyuan and other bandits who fled to the three sides from the Anbian area. More than a hundred bandits were captured, ammunition, guns, and horses were seized, and the remnants fled to Yulin and other places. After the three-sided bandit suppression mission was completed, the troops went to Dingbian to rest and reorganize. The Yanchi and Dingbian county governments and various people's organizations beat gongs and drums and carried pigs, sheep and clothes to the troops. Commander Gao Gang expressed his gratitude and delivered a speech on behalf of all the commanders and fighters. When Gao Gang commanded the extermination of bandits, nearly 10,000 self-defense troops were formed in Sanbian, Yimeng and other places, and nearly 2,000 people were in the core self-defense army. Security teams were established in Dingbian, Jingbian, Yanchi and other counties, with 280 members. Maintain law and order in this area. In the spring of 1938, Gao Gang ordered the security team to wipe out bandits in Huanglong area and Anding area and won the victory. After two years of repeated suppression, the bandits in the border area disappeared.Lin Boqu said in his report to the First Council of the Border Region that we can now say that the bandits in the Border Region have been wiped out.This cannot but be said to be "a great victory". When the struggle against bandits in the trilateral area was victorious, the central government targeted Taiyuan after it was occupied by the Japanese army, and Suiyuan became more urgent. The people in Inner Mongolia were vacillating. In order to stabilize Inner Mongolia and calm people's hearts, the puppet government of "Inner Mongolia Autonomy" launched the "Anti-Japanese and Protecting Mongolia" movement. On November 16, 1937, Mao Zedong called Gao Gang: Gao Gang received a telegram from Chairman Mao Zedong and actively prepared to go north to Mongolia to carry out guerrilla warfare, contact the upper class, unite the lower class, attack the enemy, and "calm people's hearts."However, the trip did not take place due to the unknown situation and the temporary inability to provide food, grass and winter clothes for humans and animals. In mid-January 1938, the central government decided to establish the joint defense command of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, with Gao Gang as the commander. He went to Yulin twice to discuss joint defense issues with the 22nd Army. On the 20th, the Secretariat of the Central Committee pointed out to He Long, Guan Xiangying, Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, and Ren Bishi on the work of the Mongolian mixed brigade and joint defense issues: "The work in Inner Mongolia and the liaison work with friendly forces in the Yulin area should all be presided over by Comrade Gao Gang in Yulin. According to the instructions of the central government, Gao Gang went to Yulin to discuss issues such as military affairs and the establishment of an office.Gao Gang spent the Spring Festival in Yulin this year. He, Gao Shuangcheng and Deng Baoshan negotiated and reached a consensus and agreement on issues such as joint resistance against Japan, red and white armies not fighting each other, and Yan'an setting up an office in Yulin.After Gao Gang returned to Yan'an to report, the Central Committee decided to change the Minority Work Committee (after Gao Gang left Dingbian, the Minority Work Committee was under the leadership of the Trilateral Special Committee) to the Yulin Office, led by Bai Jian, Gao Zengpei, and Cao Dong. When the personnel arrived in Yulin, Gao Shuangcheng notified Shangfeng that he did not agree to set up a Communist Party office in Yulin.Bai Jian stayed and continued to negotiate, and Gao and Cao led the staff (more than 20 people) back to Jingbian County. In May of that year, Gao Gang went to Yulin for the second time to discuss with Deng Baoshan and Gao Shuangcheng the work of uniting the front and strengthening border defense. Warmly welcome, and study with Gao Shuangcheng and others on the issue of defending against the Japanese invasion of northern Shaanxi.During this visit, Gao Shuangcheng summoned thousands of officers and soldiers stationed in Yulin City of the Kuomintang to the playground and invited Gao Gang to speak.Gao Shuangcheng held Gao Gang's hand, walked into the venue side by side, and said to the officers and soldiers: "This is Mr. Gao Gang, who has fought with us for several years and is now our friend. Welcome to speak to us." The Kuomintang and the Communist Party united in the war of resistance, and spoke at gunpoint.He first analyzed the situation of the national anti-fascist war and the dangerous situation of the Japanese army's invasion and occupation of Northeast China and North China.He emphasized that the Chinese people must unite closely to fight against the Japanese army, work together, unite as one, defend against the enemy as one, and drive the Japanese pirates out of China.He talked about the favorable conditions of the War of Resistance, the Chinese cannot be insulted, and the final victory belongs to us.Japanese imperialism will eventually fail.He pointed out that at present, we are using the Yellow River as a barrier to defend against the enemy's western invasion. We are united and resolutely resist, and we will not allow the Japanese and Japanese to trample on an inch of land in northern Shaanxi.His speech inspired officers and soldiers to hate the Japanese invaders and to persevere in the war of resistance to the end, laying a solid foundation for defending the river defense and the border defense of the Iraqi League.Until the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Border Region and Yulin remained united and cooperated in fighting against Japan.Deng Baoshan went to Yan'an three times, and was warmly welcomed by the Party Central Committee, leaders of the border region Mao Zedong, Gao Gang, etc., and hosted a banquet. Gao Gang personally accompanied Deng to visit the Kangda University, Northern Shaanxi Public School, and industrial and agricultural exhibitions, and was invited to attend the Model Worker Conference.Gao Gang met with Deng many times to discuss democratic nation building and defense against the Japanese War, and reached a consensus, which made Deng leave Yan'an with admiration and gratification every time. In the summer of 1943, the Kuomintang took advantage of the disbandment of the Third International to launch the third anti-communist upsurge, and called Deng Baoshan, commander-in-chief of Shaanxi and Mongolia, to Chongqing to give face-to-face instruction on anti-communist matters, and designated him to go to Chongqing via Ningxia and Lanzhou.Deng was extremely disgusted with the designated route. He said: "I want to take the road of Yan'an." After he decided to take Yan'an, Gao Gang instructed the places and counties along the way to welcome him warmly.When Deng went to Mizhi County in the border area, Suidedi appointed Yang Hucheng's son Yang Zhengmin to meet the entry.When Deng Baoshan arrived in Suide, Xi Zhongxun, secretary of the prefectural party committee, presided over the welcome meeting, and Xu Xiangqian, commander of the Wu and Qing garrison, delivered a welcome speech. In mid-June, when Deng arrived in Yan'an, more than a thousand soldiers from the border area were organized to line up in the suburbs to welcome him.On the same day, Chairman Mao held a banquet in Yangjialing Central Auditorium to accompany Deng Xichen and Gao Gang.The Central Committee and the Border Region successively sent Zhou Xiaozhou, Xiao Jinguang, Yuan Renyuan, Yang Mingxuan, Cao Liru, Huang Luobin, etc. to Yulin for many consultations on the issue of border defense and anti-Japanese war.At that time, in the Kuomintang barracks, there was a portrait of Chiang Kai-shek.According to Hu Jingtong's recollection: Zhou Xiaozhou's correspondent was only 14 or 5 years old. Gao Shuangcheng's adjutant pointed to Chiang Kai-shek's portrait and asked, "Do you think Chairman Jiang is better, or Chairman Mao?" The little red ghost said, "They are all ours." The leader of the Anti-Japanese War.” The adjutant asked again, “Is your life in Yan’an very hard?” The little red ghost said, “We are very happy.” During the Anti-Japanese War, when the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated, this doll’s language was appropriate, and neither side was harmed.This fully shows that the anti-Japanese united front of the people trained in the revolutionary melting pot of Yan'an is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the adjutant admired him for his noble revolutionary sentiments.He said to others: "This little devil can answer questions that we adults can't answer. The education of the Communist Party is really amazing." After Japan invaded and occupied Shanxi, it advanced to the northwest of Shanxi, the southeast of Shanxi, and set up 4 divisions on the east bank of the Yellow River in an attempt to cross westward, break through the northwest gate, and occupy the northwest.While the soldiers and civilians in the border area were suppressing bandits and traitors, and attacking the offensive of stubborn troops, several regiments were stationed at the major crossings of the river defense area from Yichuan to Shenfu in the area under the jurisdiction of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, and Shenfu and two The Yan (Yanchang, Yanchuan) River Defense Command is ready to fight against Japanese invaders.The Japanese invading army launched dozens of attacks on the river defense positions, of which there were more than 20 large ones, each dispatching 2,000 to 10,000 troops.The army and civilians along the river responded to Gao Gang's call for "not letting the Japanese devils occupy an inch of land in the border area" at the joint meeting of the leaders of the left behind corps and security forces held in Yan'an in 1938, rose up and repelled the Japanese attack. In March and May of 1938, in January, June, October, and November of 1939, and in March of 1940, I crossed the river seven times to fight against the Japanese army in southern Shanxi, wiped out a large number of Japanese troops, and organized more than 20,000 people to participate in stretchers , repairing works, and nearly 20,000 livestock to transport grain, grass, and supplies to support the troops, smashing the plan of the Japanese army to commit crimes in the west. In June 1939, the Japanese army invaded the northwest of Shanxi with a force of a division, occupied Liulin, Jundu and other banks along the river, stared at them, and bombed Songjiachuan and other areas in the west of Hexi with artillery and planes. The border area occupied Xi'an and even the northwest.Gao Gang ordered the local armed forces and self-defense forces to actively cooperate with the remaining troops to prepare for the battle against Japan, and organized a large number of people and livestock to cross the river to support the frontline resistance in Shanxi.In order to alleviate the danger of being breached on the west bank of the river, troops were also organized to cross the river to cooperate with the main force to attack the Japanese army in Liulin, and returned victorious. On July 7, the army and civilians in Yan'an held a meeting to commemorate the second anniversary of the War of Resistance. Gao Gang delivered a commemorative speech at the meeting, emphasizing that it is necessary to implement the "7.7" Declaration of the Party Central Committee, persist in the War of Resistance, oppose surrender, adhere to unity, oppose separatism, and persist in Progress, oppose retrogression, and strive to overcome the Kuomintang's surrender and anti-communist countercurrent, and strive for a better situation!At the same time, Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Gao Gang, etc. jointly sent a telegram to the leaders of Nanjing, the generals of the country, the leaders of the war zones, all parties, and compatriots from all walks of life, expressing the determination of all the soldiers of the Eighth Route Army to resist the war, exposing Wang Jingwei and others for betraying the nation and surrendering to Japan. , Against the Communist Party, the Eighth Route Army, the crime of splitting and uniting.The Party Committee of the Border Region issued the "Commemoration of the Second Anniversary of the Anti-Japanese War to the People of the Border Region", requiring the soldiers and civilians in the border region to step up combat preparations to defend the border region, smash the conspiracy of surrender and compromise, and repel the new Japanese attack. In order to prepare for unexpected events, the Central Military Commission urgently dispatched the 359th Brigade from North China to Suide, Mizhi, Jiaxian, Qingjian, Wubao and other areas to strengthen its military strength.Gao Gang led his adjutant Wu Ruiwang and other 5 people, starting from Yan'an, passing through Yichuan, Yanchuan, Qingjian, Suide, Wubao counties, etc. along the west bank of the Yellow River, inspecting the deployment of river defense and inspecting the garrison positions of the troops.Cadre meetings, military meetings, militia meetings and mass meetings were held in Hekou, Zaolinping, Songjiachuan and other places, calling on the party, government, military and civilians in the Hefang area to mobilize urgently and work together to fight the war to the end.Prevent the Japanese devils from crossing the river to occupy an inch of land, and do whatever it takes to defend the Party Central Committee, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, and the safety of the Northwest.During his inspection, he found that individual defenses were not properly deployed, and he worked with the local party committee, river defense commander He Changgong, Chen Qihan and other garrison leaders to make new deployments anytime, anywhere.Visited the wounded and sick transferred from Shanxi to Qingjian Field Hospital and along the road, asked them about their illnesses and injuries, learned about diet and medical treatment, encouraged them to recover from their injuries and treated them with peace of mind, and asked medical staff and residents of the wounded and sick to , "We must take good care of the wounded and sick, and treat them like a compatriot from the same mother."He said: "These wounded were injured for the purpose of destroying the Japanese invading army. We tried our best to provide good care and food, so that the wounded and sick could recover as soon as possible, return to the front line, and defend the river defense from being violated. Without them bleeding and wounding, There is no guarantee for our river defense.” Gao Gang inspected and encouraged and educated the local garrison and the masses. It turned out that some residents were unwilling to take care of the wounded. After listening to Gao Gang’s speech, they rushed to pick up the wounded and gave up the good cave dwellings The wounded live, and good food is given to the wounded.The army and people along the river were united and resolutely stopped them. With the cooperation of the Jin army and the people, Jiaxian, Fugu, Wubao, Yanchuan, Yanchang and other riverside defenses repelled more than 70 Japanese attacks, making Qianli River defense as solid as gold. Defended the general rear of the Anti-Japanese War.Praise the revolutionary martyrs, carry forward the revolutionary spirit, and carry out ideological education for counterattacking the Japanese army.A martyrs memorial tower was built in Dingbian, and Gao Gang personally inscribed the seven characters "Revolutionary Martyrs Memorial Tower". In April 1943, the coffin of Gao Gang's close comrade-in-arms Liu Zhidan was transported from Wayaobao to Zhidan County.When passing through Yan'an, Gao Gang and other Yan'an people took to the streets to welcome the spirit. On the 23rd, a public sacrifice meeting with 15,000 people was held in Yan'an Square. Gao Gang attended the public sacrifice and reported a brief history of Zhidan's life. ; Farewell for seven years, resist the Japanese aggression, inherit the will and build the border area".Subsequently, Zhidan's coffin was transported to Zhidan County for burial.Gao Gang, Zhang Xiushan, Liu Jingfan and others accompanied Ling to Zhidan County.On May 2, a mass memorial ceremony was held in Zhidan County. Gao Gang once again introduced Zhidan's life. On April 24, the "Liberation Daily" published Gao Gang's "Learning from Comrade Liu Zhidan" article "On behalf of the generation", the article said: "Comrade Zhidan is recognized as a good leader of the Northwest Party and the people of the Northwest. The creator of the Soviet area and the Red Army. He is well versed in the art of war, especially good at mobile warfare and guerrilla warfare, and is a military strategist of the Northwest Party. "In the 25th year of the Republic of China, under the order of the Party Central Committee, Comrade Zhidan led his troops to march eastward. He left Jiawu in the north and crossed the river from Shenfu to the south. Dazheng, unfortunately, in mid-April of the same year, Comrade Zhidan was wounded and killed in the battle of storming the strong fortifications of Sanjiao. The death of Comrade Zhidan is really a great loss for our Northwest Party. "Comrade Zhidan has failed several times in the history of more than ten years of struggle. However, he is dedicated to serving the party and the country and never loses heart....Unyielding, he continues to fight ruthlessly against counter-revolutionaries. I remember that Zhidan was once attacked by warlords in Bin County Su Yusheng was arrested. In the reactionary court, Comrade Zhidan insisted on revolutionary integrity and resisted the counter-revolutionary trial... When I went to inquire, he smiled and said: "Prison is equal to rest." In prison, he is still secretly instigating Comrade continued his revolutionary work. When the counter-revolutionaries ordered him to be shot, he had no fear, and entrusted his comrades to say: "You tell Gao Gang... I was murdered, and I will die if I die. I will never implicate any comrades. Tell him to be careful." .' "Comrade Zhidan is the leader of the Northwest Party. He has always represented the correct line of the Northwest Party. He once opposed the 'Left' opportunism of the traitor Du Heng and others. After the failure of the Great Revolution, the revolutionary struggles of young students in Northwest cities once stayed In the forms of struggle such as chanting slogans, posting slogans, making student riots, marching and demonstrating, but not going deep into the countryside to organize armed forces, batch after batch of young students were massacred and imprisoned by counter-revolutionaries. Comrade Zhidan criticized this type of struggle at the time, saying: This is equivalent to The Mongols knelt down to lamas to beg for alms. The reason why Comrade Zhidan criticized the way of struggle at that time was that he had gradually experienced the truth of the combination of guns and peasants from many struggles between failures and victories. He believed that: the Chinese revolution The success of our country depends on the barrel of a gun. The barrel of a gun depends on the peasants.... Some people in the Northwest Party once opposed Comrade Zhidan, saying that Comrade Zhidan's proposition was "opportunism". Facts have proved that Comrade Zhidan's direction is correct. Comrade Zhidan's orientation is that of the Northwest people, and those who oppose Comrade Zhidan's orientation are precisely the real opportunists. "When Comrade Zhidan was dying...except for the revolutionary property he left to us - the border area, he had only a tattered quilt, a tattered overcoat, a cigarette box, six cigarettes and a few well-rumoured Party documents. Comrade Zhidan fought for the Party and the revolution all his life. He never thought of personal interests. He didn't care about the position or the importance of the work. The party assigned him to do any work, and he would go through fire and water to complete the task. He was broad-minded and frank. , impartiality. Abide by the party's iron discipline, is our party's strong Bolshevik cadres. "To commemorate Comrade Zhidan today, we must learn from Comrade Zhidan, learn from Comrade Zhidan's infinite loyalty to the party and the revolution, learn from his perseverance in the revolution without regret; learn from his down-to-earth work of seeking truth from facts style of work; learn from his close ties with the masses; learn from his hardship and model of observing party discipline." "We uphold Comrade Zhidan's behest to build the border area, persist in the War of Resistance, and consolidate and develop our revolutionary cause." In order to commemorate the revolutionary martyrs, Gao Gang proposed to change the security to Zhidan County, and after Anding was changed to Zichang County, in January 1944 On the 1st, he proposed, after the decision of the Northwest Bureau and the Border Region Government, that the Xichuan Office of the Suide Sub-district be relocated to Zizhou County to commemorate the martyr Li Zizhou. Around 1939, the Anti-Japanese War entered a stalemate, especially after Shanxi was occupied by the Japanese army, the soldiers and civilians in the border area used the Yellow River as a barrier to withstand the Japanese army's westward crossing.A large number of Kuomintang troops withdrew from the front line and launched an attack on the general rear of the Anti-Japanese War - the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.由原来的保安队和旧政权制造“摩擦”变为正规军进攻，掀起第一次反共高潮。 当时，陕甘宁边区所辖范围内，一些地方存在着国共双重政权的特殊情况。原来一些地区国民党部队撤走了，旧政权和党部依然存在，还保留一些保安队。八路军留守部队和保安队进驻后，建立了抗日民主政府和抗敌后援会。旧的政权仍秉承国民党的旨意，到处制造“摩擦”，向我驻军进攻，压制群众的抗日运动，打击抗日力量，唆使地主势力颠覆民主政府，捣毁抗日组织，进行反攻倒算，收回分出的土地、财产，逼迫归还已废弃的旧债。日本汉奸武装，国民党特务和被打击的反革命分子、地主恶霸分子等纠集一起，流窜各地打家劫舍，奸淫掳掠，无恶不做。他们暗杀中共党政军工作人员，勾结伪保安队袭击八路军，围歼抗日自卫军，捣毁地方政权，大肆诬蔑中共和八路军，破坏两党两军的关系，挑拨我党政军和群众的关系。在旧政权的阴谋策动下，边区摩擦日益加剧。 1938年5月，国民党旬邑县长李笑然借故枪杀八路军工作人员，还反咬一口，向国民党西安行营谎报“八路军包围县城”，并私自调集伪保安队驱逐当地八路军。富县党部指导员范文龙放黑枪打死我看守所长。7月，国民党米脂县长刘学海和县党部指导员王道之，指使部下伪造陷害“八路军信件”，挑拨两党关系，破坏团结，改组抗敌后援会，下令驱赶八路军。清涧县长强迫取消青年救亡活动。吴堡县国民党保安队无故逮捕八路军残废人员。7月12日，新上任的旬邑县长张中堂，调集伪保安队七八百人，向八路军独立营发动进攻。包围殴打驻土桥镇的八路军的残废人员，并枪杀了9名残废人员。国民党安定县长田杰生非法捕捉八路军工作人员，阻挠抗敌后援会工作，绑架我安定县长薛兰斌，调动伪保安队400多人威胁我瓦窑堡驻军，延川县政府被伪保安队袭击。 特别是武汉被日军侵占，正在趾高气扬时的日军在台儿庄战役受到打击后，基本停止了向国民党战场的战略性的进攻，日军将其65％的军事力量和95％的伪军力量转移到解放区战场。其时，汪精卫被日诱出重庆，在南京成立伪政府，实行民族欺骗政策。国民政府反共活动逐步升级，蒋介石继续按他的“日本人是癣疥之患，共产党是心腹之患”的政策，秘密颁布了《异党问题处置办法》等文件。国民党五中全会上通过了“溶共、限共、防共、反共”的决议，成立了“防共委员会”，制定了一系列的反共具体政策，把他的政策重点变成消极抗战，积极反共。反共摩擦日趋严重。在陕甘宁边区由旧政权制造的摩擦转向正规军进攻。胡宗南的20万部队更是有恃无恐，拥兵恃重，借口西安事变前，关中一带是东北军驻防区域，应再归国民党军队驻守。1938年至1939年，在关中地区发动武装进攻20多起，拘捕我党政人员26人，暗杀23人，驱出19人。同时阻挠我征粮和其他事件时有发生，共计达130多起。国民党不仅到处制造“摩擦”，发动军事进攻、封锁，而且在一些县设立县党部，扩建保安队。在陕北设绥德、富县警备区，绥德成立专员公署并派专员，专门和共产党、八路军作对，严重地干扰破坏边区的安宁，影响团结抗战方针的贯彻。12月25日，朱德、高岗等对国民党军在边区制造摩擦，挑起事端的行径通电全国，反对枪口对内，进攻边区。通电揭露了敌人在宁县、镇原、富县、靖边、安定等制造摩擦的事实，呼吁停止对边区的进攻，取消《限制异党活动办法》。月底，高岗向中央书记处汇报反摩擦的情况。 绥蒙地区顽固派到处制造“摩擦”，我工委负责人受王明投降路线的影响，放弃了独立自主原则，把后套地区搞的很乱。高岗主持召开区党委会，专题研究绥蒙的反摩擦斗争，决定派杨一木等加强伊盟领导。他找杨谈话，“中央决定你去伊盟工委工作，公开身份是国民革命军十八集团军上校联络参谋，南京委任状下来，你就去绥蒙工作，先抓一下军事活动和统战工作。”伊盟工委负责人赵通儒列席会议。原来抗敌后援会(实际是工委机关)挂毛泽东画像和蒋介石画像，后来被自卫军头头纪松令把毛泽东的像摘掉了，高岗知道后很恼火，当面批评赵通儒：“你这个人是聋子，瞎子，你到处跑什么？毛主席的像被人拿掉你不管，你要有点斗争劲，革命就是斗争。实行统战，结果连纪松令也不敢惹，这是政治问题。”“越兆仁(自卫军司令)到底怎么样？下面的大队长是听我们的，还是听人家的？你是把枪杆子交给他们了……”赵吱吱唔唔回答不清。高岗对杨一木交待说：“后套那里问题比较多，有些组织烂掉了，有些人有问题，你先去管一管军事工作和统战工作，然后集中力量把伊盟的工作抓起来。在伊盟地区，我们要对国民党顽固派，政治上要摩擦来反摩擦去，军事上积极防御。” 面对妥协、分裂、倒退的逆流，为了保卫边区安宁，支援抗战，边区保安司令部和留守兵团司令部，根据毛泽东的“人不犯我，我不犯人，人若犯我，我必犯人”和“有理、有利、有节”的对敌斗争方针，对国民党的旧政权制造“摩擦”和军事进攻，给予狠狠打击，粉碎了敌人的阴谋。1940年7月21日，边区召开各分区(亦称警备区)司令员和参谋长军事会议，高岗在会上作了报告。指出同国民党顽固派的斗争是抗日民族统一战线内部的斗争，坚决执行毛主席的“十六”字方针，既要注意政策和策略，也不能绑住我们的手足。他强调指出：抗日统一战线期间，同国民党顽固派的斗争，必须紧紧把握“自卫原则、胜利原则、休战原则”等重大政策和策略问题，发展进步势力，争取中间势力，孤立顽固势力。“斗争是团结的手段，团结是斗争的目的”。 会议认真讨论了高岗的报告，交流了各分区开展反“摩擦”斗争的经验，把“有理、有利、有节”的斗争引向深入。24日下午，高岗带领分区司令员，骑马到杨家岭向毛泽东主席汇报会议情况，毛主席老早就在门口等候，和大家一一握手问候。他说：“同志们辛苦了。”又一一问了司令员的姓名，盘问了各分区反“摩擦”斗争的情况，并讲了话，为大家进一步指明了斗争方向和策略。 边区党委和保安司令部、留守兵团，根据党中央、中央军委和毛主席关于处理同国民党的关系的有关指示精神，坚持独立自主，既统一，又独立，既不破裂统一战线，又不束缚自己的手脚的原则，采取一系列既分寸适度又措施得力，“政治上要摩擦来反摩擦去”，团结抗战，保卫边区，取得胜利，赢得了广大军民的赞誉。他们说：“共产党、八路军、保安队，真正为人民谋福利。” 可是，国民党顽固派特别是那些制造“摩擦”的“专家”们，对土匪的绝迹，深感到失去了一支“别动队”，削弱了他们对付边区的力量，进尔赤膀上阵，指挥正规军出去制造事端。1939年10月15日，边区保安司令部和留守部队召开政治工作会议，高岗在会上作政治报告，毛泽东到会作指示，要求在反摩擦斗争中，要坚持政治原则，实行灵活的政策和策略。11月，国民党的五中全会，进一步确定以“军事限共为主，政治限共为辅”的方针，企图进攻延安。国民党派中央军封锁边区。过去的一些摩擦规模小，有的通过协商谈判解决。在1939年冬至40年春，国民党九十七师在陇东对驻防的八路军形成包围势态，一六五师侵入八路军驻防庆阳之白马铺、赤城镇一带，实行军事压迫，支持旧政权和伪保安队有计划的在共产党、八路军驻防地区的活动，接着发动军事进攻。1939年12月，该师五七八团配合庆阳保安队突然袭击八路军驻宁县的二营，合水县县长率县保安队袭击八路军三五八旅直属队，配合进攻宁县，九十七师步兵炮兵千余人配合几县的保安队，围攻八路军驻镇原县城内的三营，进占县城，并公开宣布要进攻边区，消灭八路军。在环县等地，抢劫烧杀，增兵彬县、旬邑等县。随后又占了正宁、淳化县城，先后袭击占领了陕甘宁边区八路军驻防的五座县城。 边区军民在区党委领导和保安司令部、留守兵团的指挥下，对进犯的国民党军进行了还击。同时，为避免两军内耗，团结抗战，朱德、高岗等联名通电全国，抗议顽固派进攻陕甘宁边区，要求全国军政领袖主持公道，惩办肇事魁首，取缔反共邪说，制止反共军事行动，并且在边区四周布防了自卫军事力量，防御国民党军队大规模的进攻，命王震率三五九旅进驻绥德，赶走了反共“专家”何绍南。 国民党绥德行政督察专员兼绥德县长何绍南是一个制造反共摩擦的专家，反共的老手。纠集13个县保安中队企图袭击当地八路军，并肆意诬蔑三五九旅是同日军打仗败下阵的“溃军”。强令限制群众不给八路军三五九旅卖菜卖粮，不准给借房子住，妄图撵走三五九旅。王震旅长根据高岗的指示，深入发动群众，揭露何绍南在绥德编保甲，制造摩擦，欺压群众，私自倒贩大烟、白银、贪污公款数十万元的罪行。高岗、林伯渠、肖劲光致电国民党当局，控诉何绍南破坏统一战线，侵吞公、民粮款，在河防吃紧时擅离职守等罪行。要求惩办何绍南，并委任王震为专员，收回绥德、佳县、吴堡、米脂、清涧等五县行政隶属边区，以利保卫河防，何绍南感到无法立足，1940年春，带保安队狼狈溜走。 接着留守兵团和保安司令部致电西安驻天水行营主任程潜，要求令国民党陕西省政府立即撤销淳化、旬邑、延安、甘泉、延长、延川、清涧、吴堡、绥德、米脂、佳县、靖边、安定等13县的县长，如不撤退，边区将有权护送出境。随后，边区党委对“统战区”的旧政权人员根据不同情况，分别进行处理，对于多次制造摩擦的反共分子逮捕；对于一般的予以“放行”出境；对于主张抗日，维护统一战线的个别人热情接待或留用。从而，使边区结束了双重政权的局面，委任了自己的县长，建立了抗日民主政府，统一行政领导，进一步推进了抗日民主运动蓬勃发展，巩固了边区。国民党发动的第一次反共高潮被击破。 国民党政府把陕甘宁边区当作眼中钉肉中刺，作为它贯彻“必先安内”政策的重点，无时不在企图消灭、取消它。从第一次反共高潮开始，就到处修堡驻军，制造摩擦，军事进攻，阴谋破产后，仍不甘心失败，于1940年冬季至41年春发动了第二次反共高潮。胡宗南在西北配合南方国民党制造“皖南事变”，积极策动西北地区的反共活动，摩擦事件有增无减。在陕甘宁边区之西、南、北，三面修筑了长达几百里、内外纵深五道碉堡封锁线，以40万军队层层包围，断绝我边区与外界来往，不断进攻边区抗日根据地，进行武装挑衅，制造摩擦事件，把反共高潮推向了顶点。仅40年7月到10月，对边区发动了武装进攻20多起，抢劫、抓人、暗杀人70来起。边区留守兵团和保安司令部命令各部队进行英勇反击，打退了敌人在陇东、三边的多次进攻，赶跑了阎家寨、望宁堡的敌人，拔掉边区的钉子。1941年7、8月间，国民党认为十一旅反共不力，胡宗南令张廷芝、张廷祥兄弟俩将十一旅吃掉，就地扩入保安十三团和绥蒙游击师，配合陈长捷部何文鼎二十六师进驻三边，打开进攻延安的通道。张家父子兄弟，为消灭十一旅，重演三道川的“美人计”故伎，将张廷芝的养女张小芹(对外讲是亲闺女)，主动提亲许配刘保堂(十一旅长)的少爷，张廷芝约定一天以定亲和庆祝升师长为幌子，把十一旅在安边的各级头头都请到张家赴宴，其中有刘保堂、陈国宾、曹又参等20多人，张廷祥(保安十三团长)趁大家吃菜喝酒热闹非凡之机开枪打死刘保堂。枪响后，张事先部署的兵丁一齐出动，将十一旅的官员悉数绑起来，就地关押，并下令保安部队攻打城内的十一旅驻军，驻军群龙无首，士兵委员会自觉发起抵抗。 十一旅中共地下党员即派人快马加鞭到三边分区报告，分区请示西北局书记高岗即指示：警三旅全力协助十一旅救出曹又参等十一旅领导，趁势铲除张廷芝恶霸团伙。由于十一旅士兵委员会立即行动和三边警三旅的配合，吓得张廷芝等匪徒逃跑出城，张兰亭和张廷芝父子逃往榆林时，被追击的部队抓住，张廷芝以财物贿通追击部队的头头被放走。张雨亭和张廷祥父子被刘保堂的弟弟抓住押回公审处决了。胡宗南利用土匪头子张廷芝妄图吃掉十一旅，打通进攻延安的突破口的阴谋失败后，10月，驻伊盟的国民党二十六师何文鼎跃跃欲试，气势汹汹准备南下，企图进攻三边。中央军委和西北局决定调王震部驻扎三边前线，迎击陈(长捷)何(文鼎)部的进犯。毛泽东说：“王胡子在绥德已打出威风，派你去三边最合适。你把摩擦专员何绍南吓跑了，威名大得很咧！”高岗根据毛泽东“何来必打，不能做做样子”的指令，对王震说：“三边是边区的门户，盐池是边区的财源，只要打，绝不能让何文鼎占到便宜。”王震部队到定边和地方部队组成6千人的野战兵团，吓得何文鼎部被迫缩回去，未敢轻举妄动。至此，粉碎了敌人发动的第二次反共高潮。1943年6月，共产国际宣告解散，蒋介石借机指使特务到处叫嚷，“马列主义已破产”、“共产党解散”、“取消陕甘宁边区”、“消灭八路军”，并密令胡宗南向边区进犯，在洛川召开军事会议，高谈“攘外必先安内，对共产党势在必剿”方针老调，悍然掀起了第三次反共高潮，急调驻河防的军队和原来部署封锁边区的军队16个师进驻洛川，宜君、耀县、三原、旬邑、淳化、彬县、平凉、固原等地，分九路妄图闪击边区，夺取延安。战略上仿照南方第五次“围剿”中央红军的伎俩，采取所谓“铁滚式三层阵地新战法”，对边区加紧军事、交通、经济的封锁，构成“彻底吃掉”的