Chapter 5 Chapter Four: Rebuilding the Twenty-Sixth Army in the face of danger

The establishment of the 26th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army greatly shocked the Northwest Kuomintang reactionaries and inspired the revolutionary people.But this revolutionary armed force was finally ruined in Weihua by Du Heng, the executor of the "Left" line.Gao Gang, who was only 28 years old, was ordered to rebuild the 26th Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu border when he was in danger, and created the Shaanxi-Gansu border base area centered on Nanliang. effect." After the establishment of the Red Twenty-Sixth Army, the Red Army continued to grow, drawing lessons from the failure of the original base in Sicun. According to the spirit of the provincial party committee's resolution, the construction of the Soviet area centered on Zhaojin achieved remarkable results. In June 1933, Du Heng's "Left" line was inflated again, proud and complacent, and insisted on going his own way. Before that, Du Heng proposed to form a cavalry division and go north to open up the "international route". Established a base near Xi'an. At the Zhaojin Beiliang meeting in mid-June, Du presided over the decision to force the second regiment, the main force of the army, to go south and open up a base in Weihua.Chief of Staff Liu Zhidan stood up to object, and Du criticized, saying: "One man is in charge of the gate, and ten thousand men are invincible" and "Liu Zhidan is an old rightist."He also said that to establish a base in Weihua, "there is the danger of Mount Hua, and the conditions of the masses are good. It is the enemy's road of communication and poses a greater threat to the enemy." It is close to Xi'an and can seize Xi'an at any time. "This is a 100% correct policy."The soldiers used Gao Gang's words: "Do now what you want to do in the future, but you will wear your shoes backwards, and you will not be able to get out at all."

Du Heng's head became hot, and he didn't listen to other people's opinions at all. He personally led the second regiment of more than 400 people, selected excellent weapons, stayed away from the base area, and marched to Koujiazhuang near Baqiao. He suddenly proposed that he would go to Xi'an to report to the Provincial Party Committee, and temporarily appointed Wang Feng as the acting political commissar.Before leaving, he asked for a donkey from the economic department of the army, took a piece of orchid silk, 20 taels of tobacco, and 50 yuan in silver, and left the army alone.After Du Heng left, he did not return to Xi'an, but wandered around in Sanyuan County.When the Provincial Party Committee learned of the 26th Army's southward movement, it immediately decided that Yuan Yuedong, the then Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee, would go to Sanyuan to stop the southward movement. He happened to meet Du Heng, and immediately summoned Zhao Boping, Secretary of the Central County Party Committee of Sanyuan County, and the leader of the guerrillas in the Sanyuan County Public Education Center. At the emergency meeting attended by Yang Sheng (that is, Liu Yingsheng) and others, Yuan Yuedong severely criticized Du Heng on behalf of the Provincial Party Committee, and decided that Zhao Boping would notify the Gaoling County Party Branch to immediately follow the instructions of the Provincial Party Committee to prevent the troops from going south.As a result, the troops set out from Zhaojin, traveled day and night, and crossed the Weihe River around June 30.They sent people to recover it, but they couldn't find it.The twenty-sixth army went south and went deep into the tiger's den alone. There was no one to rely on, no one to rely on, and a poor mass base. They fought bloody battles with an enemy army ten times their own for two months. During the battle in Zhangjiaping, they were surrounded by the enemy on all sides. , was finally broken up because of being outnumbered.Liu Zhidan, Wang Feng, Wang Shitai and others led a small group of fighters and dispersed their activities for a period of time.The enemy did not give up if they could not catch Liu Zhidan, they searched the mountain to arrest people, and offered a huge reward for Liu Zhidan's capture.A main revolutionary armed force created through hard work was destroyed by the enemy in Weihua, and the entire army was basically wiped out.The enemy shouted everywhere: "The 26th Army has failed!" "Capture the bandit leader Liu Zhidan alive." "Liu Zhidan is the leader!"

In March and April of that year, Gao Gang went to the Wang Taiji Cavalry Regiment stationed in Yao County in Yanghucheng to instigate an uprising and joined the Anti-Japanese Front. Wang Taiji was originally a member of the Communist Party. After the Weihua Uprising failed in 1928, he was detained by the Kuomintang and sent to Nanjing, losing the relationship with the party. .So for a long time, he was in Cao Ying and his heart was in Han.After working in Gao Gang, Wang was ready to revolt and join the Red Army.Once he sent his old classmate He Yuchu (an elementary school teacher and a member of the Communist Party) to Xi'an to find someone from the provincial party committee to lead the uprising.He went to Xi'an to find Li Fuyan, a member of the Communist Party, and conveyed Wang Taiji's opinions to the provincial party committee.The Provincial Party Committee instructed Gao Gang to be in charge of the contact. After Gao Gang accepted the task, he sent Yu Haifeng to contact He Yuchu as a special commissioner of the Military Commission. Yu Haifeng conveyed the opinion of Gao Gang of the Military Commission to He Yuchu: "This is very good. It is politically and militarily beneficial for the revolution that the Wang Taiji Cavalry Regiment can revolt at this time." He also said: "I will report your request to the Provincial Party Committee and I will tell you after studying it."Within a few days, Yu Haifeng and Gao Gang reported the situation to the Provincial Party Committee, and conveyed the opinions of the Provincial Party Committee to He Yuchu: "The Provincial Party Committee welcomes Wang Taiji's uprising, and decided to send someone to lead the uprising, but it is necessary to contact Wang Taiji himself in advance to study it in detail. Get ready for the relevant matters." Then, Gao sent Yu Haifeng and He Yuchu to Yao County to meet Wang Taiji.Wang Taiji happily received Yu Haifeng and reported his opinions on the uprising, expressing his determination to conduct specific research on relevant issues.

Due to the importance of this uprising, Yu Haifeng asked the provincial party committee to appoint responsible comrades to lead the uprising on behalf of the provincial party committee.After Yu Haifeng left, Wang Taiji actively prepared for the uprising, and went to Xi'an to collect a batch of military supplies from the Yang Hucheng headquarters, planning to pull out people and things together.But when Wang Taiji went back to escort the supplies, he was attacked by the Red Army guerrillas and intercepted the supplies. Wang Taiji escaped from danger and fled back to Yao County.After the interception happened, the Provincial Party Committee hesitated for a while to send someone to lead the uprising.But Wang Taiji still waited for someone from the provincial party committee to come, so he sent his nephew Wang Zhenmin (an underground party member) to Xi'an to make contact.

When Wang Zhenmin went to Sanyuan, he happened to meet Du Heng, and Du Heng sent Yang Sheng to the cavalry regiment to lead the uprising.At this time, the Provincial Party Committee also sent Gao Gang as a special commissioner of the Provincial Party Committee to Yao County to learn about the situation and wait for an opportunity to lead the uprising (Yang Sheng went to Yao County Provincial Party Committee did not know), when Gao Gang arrived in Yao County, the cavalry regiment had already revolted.It was the afternoon of July 21, 1933. Wang Taiji led the officers and soldiers of the whole regiment to announce an uprising in the old city of Yaoxian County under Yaowang Mountain.After the uprising, Wang Taiji, Gao Gang, and Yang Sheng led the troops to clean up the reactionary armed forces in the whole city at lightning speed, incorporated the militia and the police from the Public Security Bureau, and recruited a group of farmers to join the army. Yu people.At the same time, a radio station, four mortars, and hundreds of mules were confiscated.The rebel forces opened the prison and released the "prisoners".Gao Gang restored Wang Taiji's party membership as a representative of the provincial party committee (unannounced publicly), and temporarily decided to temporarily reorganize the uprising army into the "Northwest People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army", with Wang Taiji as the commander and Yang Sheng as the director of the political department.The troops convened a military-civilian meeting, issued the "Uprising Telegram" and "Letter to the People", exposing Chiang Kai-shek's crimes of dictatorship, betrayal of the country, anti-communist and anti-people, and called on everyone to rise up for revolution, resist Japan and save the country.At the same time, militia leaders and landlord bullies Zuo Shanchu, Song Ruixuan, Zuo Guoding, etc. were executed.

Gao Gang's opinion: After the troops are temporarily stationed in Yaoxian County for consolidation, they will advance to Baishui and Huanglong Mountain as soon as possible to create a Soviet area.After Gao Gang deployed the work on behalf of the Provincial Party Committee, he left the army and returned to Xi'an to report the uprising and reorganization and the direction of action to the Provincial Party Committee.After a few days of training, Wang Taiji overestimated his own strength and trusted the Allied Army too much. He wanted to win an uprising from an old friend's battalion stationed in Sanyuan, and changed the direction of development originally set by Gao Gang and went south.The troops marched towards Sanyuan to the vicinity of Lujiaqiao, and met Sun Youren's troops who came to pursue and suppress them. They fought fiercely for a long time. In addition, Zhang Longtao of the third brigade rebelled and attacked from inside and outside.As a result, not only did they fail to win the battalion in Sanyuan to respond to the uprising, but they failed to go north in time, which delayed the time and gave the enemy enough time to prepare for the pursuit and suppression. Under the enemy's attack, the uprising troops suffered great losses. Rebellion, some fled, some were killed or wounded, Wang Taiji led the remnants out of the enemy's encirclement and defected to Zhaojin, with less than 200 people and guns.

The Second Regiment of the Red Twenty-sixth Army failed to go south, and the Yaoxian uprising troops suffered heavy losses. The enemy concentrated its forces to "encircle and suppress" the Weibei Soviet area, went from village to house, and searched and "suppressed" over mountains and mountains day and night, killing more than 400 people and arresting six Seven hundred people, some were sent to Xi'an for confinement.After the failure of the 26th Army to go south, the Provincial Party Committee sent Jia Tuofu to reorganize several guerrillas in Weibei into the Red Fourth Regiment, but they were unable to move. They withdrew from Weibei and transferred to Zhaojin.

On July 28, the Provincial Party Committee held a meeting under the cover of a meal at the Fushenglou Hotel in Xi'an. Gao Gang, Jia Tuofu, Du Heng, Yuan Yuedong (Xiao Zhang) and others attended the meeting. They listened to Gao Gang's report on the Yaoxian Uprising and discussed how to reverse the Red Army's setbacks. The problem is to study and send some backbones to strengthen the work of the uprising troops, and at the same time, prepare to fight against Du Heng.Gao Gang and others were in a meeting, and the spies rushed into and smashed the venue. Du Heng, Yuan Yuedong and others were arrested and betrayed the revolution.Jia Tuofu escaped through the back door. Gao Gang has always been bold and powerful. He was not afraid of danger, grabbed a bench and knocked down a spy, and rushed out of the hotel to escape.Du Heng and others published a shameless confession in the Kuomintang newspaper, and provided clues and lists to the enemy, betrayed a group of revolutionary comrades, and severely damaged the provincial party committee.According to the information provided by the traitors, the Kuomintang secret agents arrested Communist Party members and revolutionary comrades everywhere, causing white terror. Most of the local Communist Party organizations in Shaanxi Province were destroyed, and more than 200 people were arrested. They were not released until after the Xi'an Incident.The Communist Party of Gansu was also destroyed. Many party members in Guanzhong and Gansu counties surrendered. The revolutionary situation in the Northwest took a turn for the worse. The situation was extremely serious, and some people who were not firm in the revolution wavered, and some even went to the enemy's side openly.This is the most difficult and difficult period for the Northwest Communist Party and the revolution.

After the destruction of the Provincial Party Committee, the main leaders only escaped from the Provincial Party Committee Secretary-General and Propaganda Minister Jia Tuofu and the Military Commission member Gao Gang.Jia Tuofu personally wrote a letter of introduction in the name of the Provincial Party Committee and sent Gao Gang as a special commissioner of the Provincial Party Committee to reply to the Golden Recovery 26th Army and rectify the Northwest Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, rectify the party organization, and then go to Shanghai to find the Central Committee.Gao Gang is the key figure that the secret agents are offering huge rewards for arrest, unable to escape outside the city, he hides in Du Bincheng's mansion, looking for an opportunity to get out of the city.

The Du Mansion is a small two-story building on Dahuzimiao Street in Xi'an. There is a small room on the side of the second floor for storing some sundries. Gao Gang hides in this inconspicuous small house and dare not go out during the day. Du Liangming delivered food and water, and even poured shit and urine.One day, Feng Daguo, the "bodyguard" of Song Zhixian, the head of the provincial anti-revolutionary committee, came to Du Bincheng's house to hang out (he was from Mizhi, and he and Du were fellow villagers).Gao Gang couldn't hold his urine, so he urinated out of the window in the small room, and was discovered by Mr. Feng.After Feng left, Du Liangming reported to Du Bincheng in time, and Bincheng took emergency measures to disguise Gao Gang as someone who went to the grave to burn paper, and arranged them in his horse-drawn sedan. Du Bincheng and Du Liangming sat in front of the carriage door and escorted Gao Gang to safety. Escape from Xi'an City.Afterwards, Du Bincheng's eldest son, Du Hongfan (a member of the Communist Party), wrote three big characters "Refuge House" and pasted it on the wall of the hut to commemorate it.

Gao Gang took the decision of the Provincial Party Committee to restore the 26th Army and rectify the party organization. After leaving Xi’an, he went to Sanyuan and disguised himself as a carpenter, changed into peasant clothes, and took some carpenter furniture as he passed by a village. Carpentry work, after eating, Gao Gang pretended to have a stomachache, went out to buy medicine, and got rid of the entanglement. He lost the carpenter's tools and rushed to Zhaojin Su District. The Zhaojin Soviet District is in extreme crisis at this time, the enemy is "encircling and suppressing", the leaders are helpless, the cadres are worried, the soldiers are shaken, and the hearts of the people are fluctuating.In distress, Gao Gang went to Zhaojin as a special commissioner of the Provincial Party Committee, and was accepted by the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee (the special committee was established in March 1933, the secretary Jin Science, and the committee members included Xi Zhongxun, Li Miaozhai, Zhou Zhidong, Wang Mantang, Qin Wushan, etc.) gave a warm welcome, and everyone was excited. They all felt that the representative from the provincial party committee had a backbone in their hearts.The special committee immediately decided that Gao Gang would be the political commissar of the Northwest People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, and Yang Sheng would still return to the guerrillas.After Gao Gang took office, Wang Taiji gathered all the officers and soldiers of the "Volunteer Army" to welcome Gao Gang as political commissar and introduced Gao Gang's situation. He delivered an important speech to the Volunteer Army, analyzed the situation, and pointed out that the current difficulties are temporary and "the future is bright." He called on everyone to strengthen their confidence, reinvigorate their efforts, and strive for victory.Gao Gang is very good at speech, his voice is thick and loud, and he often uses gestures as a help when he speaks, which looks sonorous and powerful.Tian Wansheng and Gao Zengpei, who worked with Gao Gang, said: "Gao Gang has always been able to speak, has a good eloquence, is also good at speeches, and has a genius for speeches. Especially when speaking at mass meetings, he can grasp people's psychology and use clear and powerful speech. Words, orderly speaking, often do not use speech scripts, use gestures, speak in an easy-to-understand manner, guide the audience to answer, etc., which are very inspiring and can touch the hearts of everyone in the meeting." "Gao Gang is very smart. , Some people say that he has two poles, but it is not true. He is bold, not afraid of things, dare to speak and do, quick to speak, quick to make decisions. Some things are right, do it first and then report, and some do not report. "When he was working in the Trilateral, "he told us that there is no specific way to carry out revolution, especially in the period of creation, if it is beneficial to the party and the people, we should do it as soon as possible, ask for instructions twice, and report twice, and sometimes miss good opportunities." In a word, "History should be turned upside down, the poor should be turned over, and the people should be in power." In 1927, if the secretary of the provincial party committee listened to my suggestion and did not send Li Zizhou to report to Wuhan, he would be a threat to Feng Yuxiang, and northern Shaanxi might occupy a place. "As a result, we waited for the instructions of the central government and were wiped out by the enemy." "Gao Gang hates people who can't fart loudly with a few sticks, and opposes lazy people. He is a person who does not sleep, is full of energy, can work without sleep for days and nights, and snores loudly as soon as he lies on the bed For those who go to bed early or do not get up early, he enters the house and lights up the lights or rummages through things to deliberately wake you up, which is especially common in Hengshan Yigao, Yulin Middle School and the creation period." Due to the destruction of the Provincial Party Committee, the failure of the 26th Army to go south, the shrinking of the Weibei Soviet Area, and the severe setback of the Yaoxian Uprising, Liu Zhidan's life and death in the south are uncertain.The Kuomintang published news in newspapers offering huge rewards for the capture of Gao Gang, and posted notices everywhere that Gao Gang was wanted: "Five thousand oceans for capturing Gao Gang alive, and three thousand oceans for cutting off his head."Under such a situation of white terror, some people in the revolutionary ranks were terrified. A defeatist ideology and mood increased day by day. They believed that the revolution had no way out. Arise, engage in covert activities. Under the influence of right-leaning scatterism, Gao Gang made investigations and studies, listened to the report of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee, and conducted serious and repeated research.In order to reverse the serious crisis situation at that time, on August 14, an enlarged meeting of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee was held in Chenjiapo. Gao Gang, Xi Zhongxun, Li Miaozhai, Qin Wushan, Zhang Xiushan, Chen Xueding, Zhang Bangying, Huang Zixiang, Qiang Shiqing, Yang Sen, etc. Comrades and cadres above the troop company instructor participated.The meeting was held in a grass shed.The person in charge of the special committee announced the opening of the meeting and talked about the agenda of the meeting.At the meeting, Gao Gang first proposed: the establishment of the Red Army General Command, the implementation of centralized leadership and unified command of the Red Fourth Regiment, the Volunteer Army, and various guerrillas, and proposed a meeting for discussion.Huang Zixiang, Huang Ziwen, Wang Zhidong and others raised their objections to unified command and centralized leadership.Huang Zixiang said: "The Provincial Party Committee was destroyed, and no one who ran out was seen. The party in Guanzhong and Gansu was wiped out by Du Heng. At present, our army is not many, and the enemy is dozens of times bigger than us. We can't centralize the command. If we can disperse, we go back to our respective districts. Our Red Fourth Regiment (Huang was the head of the Red Fourth Regiment at the time) went back to Xinwu District, where we could move as much as we could; First look for the relationship with the provincial party committee, and then talk about other things after finding the relationship.” These opinions are of course a manifestation of pessimism and disappointment.The host of the meeting said: "At present we are very difficult. The 26th Army has failed, the Provincial Party Committee has been destroyed, Xinwu District has failed, and the enemy is constantly encircling and suppressing us. We are in a serious crisis. How to overcome difficulties? Comrade Huang Zixiang's thinking is different from ours. , Zixiang wants to bring the Red Fourth Group back to Weibei, we think it is inappropriate. Let’s study and solve Huang Zixiang’s problem together.” Everyone raised objections to Huang’s pessimism. The meeting launched a fierce struggle on the issue of centralized leadership and scattered guns.The advocates represented by Huang Zixiang and Wang Baidong were scattered; the majority represented by Gao Gang advocated centralized and unified leadership, and you argued all night.Gao Gang said firmly: "The current situation is serious, and the top priority is to reorganize the Red Army, centralize leadership, unify command, form a fist, win more with less, fight a few victories, repel the enemy's encirclement and suppression, and raise the morale of the troops. , Persist in the development of the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area".He went on to say: "Old Huang, you can't say that. I came with the decision of the provincial party committee. According to Lao Huang's method, this can only lead to the collapse of the revolution. In the art of war, it is only by knowing the enemy and knowing the enemy that you can win every battle. We only have three or four hundred people, so we can only concentrate our leadership, unify our command, avoid the enemy's sharp edge, avoid the real situation and ignore the falsehood, attack the enemy's weakness with the camera, strengthen ourselves, and lay the foundation for the recovery of the 26th Army. Otherwise, we will be all over!" He said His speech was approved by the majority of comrades at the meeting.However, Huang Zixiang, Wang Baidong and others opposed Gao Gang's opinion, stubbornly saw it, and proposed that "the Fourth Red Regiment is under the leadership of the provincial committee, and the provincial committee has destroyed it. We cannot accept the leadership of the Shaanxi-Gansu Special Committee. We will go back to Weibei and do it ourselves." Xi Zhongxun and Qin Wushan said: "When Gao Gang came to Zhaojin, he took the provincial party committee's decision, which was written by Jia Tuofu himself."They criticized Huang Zixiang's right-leaning scatterism.Zhang Xiushan said: "The Fourth Red Regiment was established in the Weibei Soviet area. If the provincial committee is destroyed, it will be led by the special commissioner and special committee of the provincial committee and cannot fly everywhere." Zhang Bangying said: "Our Yaoxian County and Sanyuan are old neighbors. You can’t even disobey the organization just because you insist on your personal opinions. It’s very dangerous for a leader of the army to disobey the party’s command and to engage in decentralism.” After the debate, everyone criticized the right-leaning failure thought and decentralism represented by Huang Zixiang.The person who presided over the meeting said: "Let's vote, the minority must obey the majority." As a result of the vote, the majority agreed to establish a headquarters to centralize leadership and unified command, and announced: "The majority agrees to the centralized and unified leadership, and the minority disagrees." Huang Zixiang said : "The majority may not be correct." Everyone said: "If it is not correct, tell me." Huang said dejectedly: "No, no, I will quit. I will go home and work in farming." Talking and walking outside the venue.Someone pulled Huang to persuade him not to leave. The shrewd and capable Gao Gang stood up and said sharply: "If you want to go, tell him to go! The torrent of revolution cannot be stopped. Comrades and Communists who are willing to revolution must strengthen their confidence in the victory of the revolution. Get up and work hard!" "Resolutely restore the defeat of the 26th Army and the destruction of the provincial party committee, and strive to advance and win!" "Our revolution has hope, and we can only concentrate leadership and unify command. Dispersion is no way out. Yes, it won't take long for them to be eaten by the enemy." According to Gao Gang's proposal, the meeting decided to set up the guerrilla headquarters, and Gao Gang was elected as the political commissar of the headquarters and Wang Taiji as the commander-in-chief according to the opinion of the special committee.Huang Zixiang was transferred to the command of the Zhaojin guerrillas, and he did a lot of useful work in restoring the Zhaojin Soviet area. The meeting started from the afternoon of the previous day and continued until the sun went up the next day, and the correct route won.At the Chenjiapo meeting, Gao Gang showed tenacious perseverance and the spirit of trying to turn the crisis around. The Chenjiapo meeting was an important meeting of historical significance for saving the revolution in the Shaanxi-Gansu region, and it was a meeting that went from failure to victory.Under Gao Gang's guidance, not only was a leadership organization with centralized leadership and unified command established, but the ideological understanding of party members and cadres was unified, and the atmosphere of unity and struggle was enhanced.At the same time, it criticized the pessimism of the failure of the Rightist Party, and fought against the decentralization of the split forces.The confidence of the cadres increased, and the morale of the soldiers improved.Relying on the help of the Special Committee and local party members Zhang Xiushan, Xi Zhongxun, Zhang Bangying, Yang Sen and other backbone forces, Gao Gang gathered the Fourth Red Regiment, the Volunteer Army and the three detachments of Yaoxian County, with more than 300 people and guns, regrouped and unified command. Pull out and fight.At the same time, six guerrilla groups, namely the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, and 11th, were organized to increase their momentum, mobilize the masses to carry out struggles, and expand the new Soviet area. Still using Zhaojin as the central base, the new Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet area was expanded, and then the new Soviet area was expanded. The guerrilla zone gradually established three guerrilla zones in the middle section of Qiaoshan, Weibei, and northern Shaanxi.According to the situation at the time, Gao Gang put forward the combat policy of "fighting small battles instead of big ones, and turning small victories into big victories" when the Kuomintang army had an absolute advantage and the Red Army was at an absolute disadvantage. Attack the enemy, grab guns and objects, and arm yourself.Under the guidance of this policy, several successive victories were won, which stabilized people's hearts and improved the troops' mood and confidence in victory. The establishment of the Red Army's temporary headquarters, "the Northwest Revolution has flourished", the reconstruction of the 26th Army, especially after the establishment of the 42nd Division, and the development of the party.The victory of the military struggle is the premise and important guarantee for the development of the party organization.During this period, the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee was destroyed by the enemy. After the 26th Army was rebuilt, it lost contact with its superiors. Bad things turned into good things, avoiding the interference of the third "Left" dogmatism. In fact, they gave full play to their talents created in the Northwest Red Army and revolutionary base areas. "Otherwise, it's hard to say whether Nanliang can lay the foundation." (Interview with Zhang Bangying) On the third day after the establishment of the Red Army Command, Gao Gang and Wang Taiji led troops from the Zhaojin area, surrounded Hougou Village, bombarded them with mortars, and attacked with bombs (copper bombs made by the guerrillas), which frightened the enemy. , That night, I shouted through the wall of the village, reached an agreement, and sent people in to negotiate. The enemy was frightened by my fierce firepower and surrendered.Our army won the first battle, and a mass meeting was held to celebrate the victory.Gao Gang and Wang Taiji spoke at the meeting, and the surrounding people were overjoyed and rushed to tell each other.Then, divide the food and supplies accumulated in the stockade, and people carry animals on their backs, coming and going.They said happily: "Open the stockade to distribute the food, and the local tyrants will share all their belongings." On August 18, Gao and Wang commanded the guerrillas to encircle and wipe out a part of the Miaowan militia that had been lured out. On the 21st, Zhang Wanli's militia group in Yaoxian County was attacked in Gaoshanhuai. On the 24th, another part of the Yaoxian militia was wiped out.Then the troops returned to the Zhaojin base area for a three-day rest to improve their equipment. On the 27th, Gao and Wang led the guerrillas to attack Liulin Town and wiped out a part of the militia. Then on September 3, the general headquarters led troops westward to attack the militias in Malong, Gaocun and other places in Bin County, turning northward. Go to Ningxian County, Gansu Province to eliminate a group of armed landlords.Various other guerrilla groups have also fought some small victories in various places.Gao Gang arranged for He Bingzheng in Zhengning County to lead the peasant uprising, seize weapons, seize power, and create base areas.After He went back, according to Gao Gang's instructions, he secretly organized more than 40 people, killed regiments, seized weapons, dug trenches, killed bad guys, established the Pingzi guerrilla team, became the first revolutionary armed force in Ning County, and galloped across the plains of Ning County and Zhengning County , expanded the team, and later reorganized into the third detachment of the third guerrilla zone, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the Red First Regiment of the 26th Army. Less than a month after the establishment of the headquarters, centralized leadership, concentrated troops, and concentrated time, attacked militias and landlord armed forces near Zhaojin, expanded the base area, seized a batch of guns, ammunition, and supplies, and provided supplies for the improvement of army equipment condition.More importantly, the cadres were trained, the troops were trained, the morale of the army was stabilized, the hearts of the people were inspired, and some people who were wavering were strengthened.The young men in the base area actively joined the army and participated in the war. The Red Army expanded rapidly. The peasants actively participated in the work of supporting the front, making military shoes, protecting the wounded, transporting stretchers, and forming various local mass organizations, which expanded the influence of the Communist Party and the Red Army.In order to expand the results of the war and promote the development of the revolution, after the troops fought and rested, on September 17, Gao Gang decided to keep some guerrillas to fight in the base areas. After the troops entered Xunyi County, the headquarters decided to concentrate its forces to attack Zhanghong Town, the capital of Xunyi County.One day, when a group of militiamen in the city came out to rob the masses, they were wiped out by the Red Army.Among them was Song Fei, a member of the Communist Party, who was captured by the Red Army. Gao Gang knew him and questioned the situation in the city. Some young pioneers disguised themselves as peasant dolls and mixed into the soil enclosure together. The guerrillas followed up and attacked from inside and outside, catching the enemy by surprise. They captured Kuixinglou Heights in the north of the city, wiped out the garrison's first company and the militia, killed, wounded, and captured more than 300 enemies, seized more than 100 long and short guns and a large amount of military supplies, and captured 10 people including the false county magistrate and county party secretary alive.When the guerrilla fighters rushed into the house of Zhu Hongzhang, the headquarters of the militia, the head of the regiment and his wife were lying face to face on the kang and smoking opium. The Red Army soldiers shot and killed Zhu Hongzhang. My soldier killed with one shot.After the Red Army occupied the county seat, they immediately mobilized the masses to beat up local tyrants and divide things.In the county seat, a large amount of supplies from the wealthy and landlords of the nearby counties gathered. The warehouses were full, and grain, cotton, and cloth piled up like mountains.The headquarters decided to distribute part of the supplies to the poor, and part of them back to the Zhaojin base area to equip the guerrillas and government officials who stayed behind in the base area. In the town of Zhanghong, Gao Gang personally presided over a mass meeting of thousands of people, and executed the counterfeit county magistrate, the commander of the "bandit suppression", the secretary of the county party department, and the prison officer who were extremely reactionary and outraged by the people. The reputation of the Red Army was greatly shaken, and the peasants applauded Cheer up, call Gao Gang and Wang Taiji "God Generals". This is the first county liberated by the Red Army General Command.After the liberation of Xunyi County, the Red Army continued to carry out guerrilla warfare in the vicinity, eliminated and incorporated some small militia groups, mobilized the masses, beat local tyrants, and distributed floating assets.The local people slaughtered pigs and sheep to comfort the Red Army.Young farmers joined the army enthusiastically, and the Red Army grew to six or seven hundred people. This battle was the first major battle fought since the establishment of the Red Army Commander-in-Chief.The victory of this battle has a major impact on the development of the Shaanxi-Gansu border base areas. On October 4th, Gao Gang and Wang Taiji brought some trophies back to Zhaojin to comfort the special committee and the troops left behind in the base area and celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival.Coincidentally, Liu Zhidan, Wang Shitai and a group of four escaped from Zhongnan Mountain and returned to the Zhaojin Base.Wang Taiji, Gao Gang, Xi Zhongxun, Zhang Xiushan, Yang Sen, Li Miaozhai, Zhang Zhongliang, Zhang Bangying and other leaders came out to warmly welcome the safe return of old comrades-in-arms. Everyone was sincerely happy and had a carnival night.Zhidan, Gao Gang and others talked all night about the failure of the Red Army to go south.The next day, Gao Gang, Wang Taiji, Xi Zhongxun and others reported to Liu Zhidan the establishment of the Red Army General Headquarters, the situation of the Chenjiapo meeting, and several recent victories.After listening to the report, Zhidan said: "That's all right! The Chenjiapo meeting finally cleared up the rightist mistakes and returned to the correct line. Now we need to concentrate the troops, unify the leadership, and unify the command. We will start again, and the future is bright. ". When Liu Zhidan returned to Zhaojin, the whole army was excited, and the troops rested and flourished in Zhaojin for a few days.Under the auspices of Gao Gang, the general headquarters conscientiously summed up the experience and lessons, learned the painful lessons of establishing the base area in the plains, and criticized the mistakes of the left-leaning line, so that everyone further clearly realized that: the implementers of the left-leaning line criticized the "Shaoshan line", and we " We still have to engage in the Shaoshan route.”At the same time, study the direction of action of the troops.Gao Gang said that we are afraid of "Shaoshan Doctrine", and we still have to implement "Shaoshan Doctrine" right now, "otherwise there is no way out." "This is the experience gained with the blood and lives of comrades." He proposed to establish a base at the junction of Qingyang, Heshui, Huachi, and Baoan counties in the middle of Qiaoshan, and then develop outward, which was awarded by Liu Zhidan. agree with.Therefore, according to the proposal of Liu Zhidan and Gao Gang, the headquarters decided to establish a foothold and a base area centered on the middle section of Qiaoshan Mountain. The middle section of Qiaoshan is a "no matter" area. The Kuomintang warlord rule is weak, and the Gelaohui is very powerful. There are many bandits and local tyrants, and they have a few guns. It is very promising to establish a base here.Liu Zhidan said: "Even bandits can be called 'King of the Mountain' here, which makes warlords helpless. Why can't we Communists make revolution here?". This area is conducive to the development of guerrilla warfare. First, it is full of shoot forests, remote places, and inconvenient transportation, which is conducive to the advancement, retreat and concealment of guerrillas. Second, there are many bandits and bullies. The third is that the peasants are poor, there are many refugees, and they hate the warlords and local tyrants very much, so they are easy to start a revolution and overthrow the reactionary rule; the fourth is that many elders will lean towards the Red Army; People and terrain are familiar. After the strategic direction was determined and before the troops set off, Gao Gang suggested that Liu Zhidan be the political commissar. He said, "You are more familiar with the situation in this area than I am. People call you a 'living map'. You are suitable as the political commissar." Wang Taiji and Zhang Xiushan also proposed Let Zhidan act as the conductor.Liu Zhidan firmly refused to accept these two positions.He said, for the past few months, I have been on the way out of danger, and I don't know many things. You guys have done a good job.Doing it that way is not conducive to unity, and it will leave room for the enemy to spread rumors, saying that I will seize power as soon as I return.The headquarters still needs me, I can do some staff and clerical work.In the end, under Gao Gang's proposal, the Shaanxi-Gansu Special Committee and the headquarters decided that Liu Zhidan would be the chief of staff. At this time, the enemy gathered thousands of people to launch an "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the Zhaojin base. On October 12, Wang, Gao, and Liu led the main force to march northward from Zhaojin, and turned to outside lines to fight.The three of them have been walking together, discussing while walking, talking about the ancient "Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin" and the stories of peasant uprising leaders Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong from modern experience and lessons.They traveled more than 300 miles north along Wuziling. On the 15th, the troops arrived at Heimuyuan, Heshui County. Gao Gang presided over an interim meeting of the headquarters and decided to destroy the stronghold of Heshui County, which could clear the way for the Nanliang area to march. , It can also connect Nanliang and Zhaojin in the future.The meeting decided to block the news, and the troops hid in the Dashao forest. While resting, they rehearsed and attacked Heshui County, rushing to make a ladder to climb the city.The headquarters sent a reconnaissance team to detect the enemy's terrain. Wang Taiji, Gao Gang, and Liu Zhidan studied the deployment of the siege. On the 17th, under the cover of night, the headquarters led the troops to march in a hurry. At dawn on the 18th, Heshui County was surrounded by people It's leaking. The siege was fully prepared, and Wang, Gao, and Liu personally commanded it. After the night attack started, Wang Shitai led the pistol team to capture the Dongcheng gun tower first, handed over the guns of a group of people, opened the city gate, let in large troops, and forced Shiqing rushed into the city gate from another way. At dawn, a wave of enemies rushed out of the city, trying to escape. Gao Gang commanded the cavalry to chase and wipe them out. Some of the enemies in the city were defeated and some were captured. In one hour, a company and dozens of militia groups were wiped out, a total of more than 200 people, and more than 100 long and short guns were seized.At the same time, the confinement was released and Yang Peisheng and other "political prisoners" were released.Gao Gang personally organized political workers to carry out political propaganda, posted slogans and "Anmin Notice" in conspicuous places at the intersections of the streets, and sent soldiers to carry out propaganda in sections. Only then did the masses know that the Red Army commanded by Liu Zhidan and Gao Gang opened the county.When they knew that the KMT soldiers had been wiped out, and officials from the county government, county party headquarters, and public security bureau had all been tied up, everyone clapped their hands and applauded.After the "Anmin Announcement" was widely posted and mobilized by the propaganda team, the masses went to the county government to divide things, carry food and cloth, and store a large amount of materials brought in by the local tyrants in the four townships, looted by the militia groups, and stored by the county government. Guns and ammunition, as well as a lot of opium, Yinyang, etc., are mostly given to the masses and troops (mainly ammunition, silver, opium, etc.).The largest gentry in Heshui County, "Master Du", has a lot of property in his family, including hundreds of pieces of clothes for the four seasons.The headquarters held a mass meeting in the city, announcing that the bully had been executed and the prisoners properly disposed of. Those who were willing to join the army would stay, and those who did not want to join the army would be given travel expenses to go back.Li Yan, head of the County Public Security Bureau, was open-minded and immediately expressed his willingness to join the Red Army. Gao Gang personally reviewed and approved his husband and wife to participate in the revolution together. He served as the chairman of the county Soviet government and other positions. ability.Regrettably, he was later killed in the winter of 1935 during the erroneous suppression of counter-revolutionaries in northern Shaanxi, and Gao Gang was charged with covering up counter-revolutionaries.Gao Gang and Wang Taiji delivered speeches at the mass meeting, calling on the masses of poor peasants to organize and unite to fight against the reactionaries, overthrow the local tyrants and evil gentry, and make a revolution to save themselves.When the troops left Heshui County, the masses lined up on the side of the road to give condolences and farewell. They took eggs, pancakes and other food, stuffed them into the hands of the soldiers, and shouted: "The Red Army is the savior of the people!" "Resolutely support the Red Army!" The main force of the Red Army attacked northward and opened Heshui County, which greatly shocked the Kuomintang reactionaries.杨虎城的十七路军司令部着了慌，召开紧急会议，分析了红军活动情况，决定调冯钦哉、杨子恒、何高候、孙甫臣部各一个团，又纠集了各县几个民团，约五、六千人，向红军主力跟踪追来，并“围剿”照金根据地。 红军总指挥部在合水县战斗后，红四团北上庆阳一带活动，击溃谭世麟的骑兵部队，谭的坐骑也被缴获，在卅里铺洋堂抓了两个洋人，没收了药品等财物，高岗率耀县三支队和义勇军南下，为策应照金根据地游击队的斗争，掩护张秀山、吴岱峰等带领后方机关撤出照金转移到宁县的盘克原，10月21日在杨家店消灭了敌人一个连。 敌赵文治团在合水被歼一个连，不甘心失败，立即组织兵力，对我军紧追不舍。高岗率部挥师北上，指挥部召开会议，高岗主持了指挥部会议，王泰吉、刘志丹、杨森等参加，并研究粉碎敌人的战略。高岗说，我们只有几百人，装备也差，全面对付几股进剿的敌人，有困难。我们首先应集中力量打击杨子恒部的赵文治团，挫败其他几股敌人的锐气，然后各个歼灭。王泰吉、刘志丹赞同高岗的主张。志丹说，这次进剿，赵文治企图抢头功，又有庆阳民团谭世麟骑兵营配合，他以为胜利在握。高岗胸有成竹地说：“他非走骄兵必败的道路不可”。赵文治在抢头功欲速胜心理驱使下率领部队，分三路向四、五百人的红军主力追来，气势汹汹，不可一世。高岗等针对敌人经不往疲劳战的弱点，采取疲劳战术，牵着敌人转了几个圈子，然后选择庆阳县毛家沟门村(现属华池县)的有利地形，耀县三支队，义勇军等住沟底，红四团和指挥部住北山坡上。 10月28日拂晓，敌赵文治团突然扑来，向我军发动袭击，我军发现时，敌先头数十人已进了村子，我军沉着应战，把敌人赶出村子。此时，敌大部队已到，赵文治在合水县失利后正在气头上，一发现红军主力，便下命令“咬住不要放掉一个！”从几面发起进攻。赵文治提着手枪督战，几百名敌人象一窝马蜂似的的向山坡上爬，面对强敌，总指挥部命令我军向北山转移。骄横的敌人，仗着人多势重，武器精良，误为我军逃跑，一直追到半山坡。指挥部领导决定反击，王泰吉急下命令停止撤退。高岗坚定地说：“敌人送上门来了，把狗日得一排子打下去！这仗要坚决打”。王泰吉说：“我们指挥部和大家一齐冲锋，坚决消灭来犯之敌”。军令如山倒，王泰吉、高岗等身先士卒，率领战士象猛虎下山，发起反冲锋，向山坡下冲人敌群，顿时“冲呀”，“杀呀”喊声、号声和枪弹声响成一片，震荡山谷，山坡上黄尘飞扬，罩住天空。高岗个大，腿长，胆量过人，冲到前边，猛打猛杀；王泰吉英勇顽强，猛冲猛打，刘志丹督阵。指挥员齐上阵打冲锋，极大地鼓舞了战士不怕死的精神，越战越强，使敌人几面受袭，首尾不顾，边打边退，刹时溃不成军，各顾逃命，尸体留下一坡，敌指挥官赵文治狼狈逃跑。高岗的脚腕扭伤，杨森带彩，继续追杀敌人，流一道血路。高岗即抓来担架，亲自拐着脚将杨森抬出战场，结果自己也走不动了，战士把他背出战场。在短短的几分钟，在王、高、刘的正确指挥和参战下，将敌人一个团约800人给打垮了，击毙200多人，俘敌100多人，缴枪200多支，还有弹药、战马等军用品，粉碎了敌人的进剿。谭世麟在北面山岭上见势不好没敢投入战斗，赵文治残败逃跑后，反动派毕竟是反动派，谭氏部下借红军的威力，喊“红军来了！红军来了！”趁机咋唬逃窜的敌人，夺取弹药、马匹，大发横财。赵团经此一战，一蹶不振，再未恢复。 红军在王泰吉、高岗、刘志丹指挥下，勇歼骄敌震吓住几路敌人的进攻，使形势有所转机，红军游击运动更加发展，为重建二十六军创造了条件。 红军临时总指挥部成立以来，在高岗等正确指挥下，接连打了几个胜仗，解放两座县城，打垮一个团，消灭了大量敌人，游击区拓宽，红军不断壮大，装备得到改善，重建二十六军的条件完全成熟。部队转战到合水县莲花寺(现属华池县)一带活动时，高岗、王泰吉、刘志丹考虑和酝酿了重建二十六军，建立游击区和根据地的问题。 莲花寺属南梁地区，环绕着桥山山脉绵亘不断的大山岭，森林茂密，显得雄伟壮丽。 11月3至5日，在包家寨召开指挥部会议，参加会议的有高岗、王泰吉、刘志丹及红军部分领导。这次会议是陈家坡会议的继续，高岗在陈家坡会议提出的一些问题，如恢复二十六军，建立三路游击区问题没有来得及深入讨论，在这次会议上正式得到解决。 高岗主持了会议，并在会上作了重要报告。他在报告中以毛泽东同志的红色政权为什么能在“一小块或若干小块”长期存在的理论为指导，认真分析了形势，总结了照金根据地斗争和薛家寨失守的经验教训，总结了指挥部成立以来武装斗争的经验，彻底清算了杜衡的“左”倾冒险主义，统一了思想，提出重建二十六军，创建根据地，建立游击区等任务。他说，陈家坡会议上就提出重建二十六军，创建根据地和游击区的问题，没来得及深入讨论研究。陈家坡会议后红军形势发生了转机，连续打了几个胜仗。红军队伍扩大了，战斗力加强了，是重建二十六军，打起二十六军的旗帜来号召，鼓舞部队和人民的时候了。他指出这是“适应形势，顺乎民心”的大事。二十六军二团的建立，是根据党中央决定和毛泽东同志关于建立相当力量正规红军的理论建立的，是深得人心的，震慑了敌人，为创建照金根据地建立了功勋，锻炼了一批干部。二十六军虽然被杜衡“左倾冒险主义所断送，我们从中可以吸取教训，吃一堑长一智，拉起来再干，夺取更大的胜利！”他说，“现在我们虽然丢掉了薛家寨(据传说薛刚西征时在此驻兵，黄巢在此建立根据地)，'失败是成功之母'。我们要记取退出照金根据地的教训，我还是那句老话，'狡兔有三窟'。我们的根据地只在一个地方周转不开，还是采取李自成荣阳的老办法，应同时建立几个游击区和根据地。分路出击，使红军才能有回旋余地，到处打击敌人，到处创立根据地，二十六军主力居中策应，相机消灭敌人，拓宽根据地。这块失掉了，可以到另一块活动，否则就成了无根莎蓬。这样做是符合毛泽东同志关于'一块或若干小块红色政权的区域的长期存在'和'集中力量建立中心区域的坚实基础的理论'”。 他在报告中提出具有战略意义的建立三路游击区并成立游击队指挥部的建议。他说，第一路陕北游击队以安定县为中心建立根据地；第二路陇东游击队以南梁为中心建立根据地；第三路关中游击队，以照金为中心恢复和巩固根据地。他说：“各路游击队独立开创游击区，创建根据地。但要服从统一指挥，不能各自为政，各路游击队必须以南梁为中心总根据地。二十六军居中迂回，配合各路游击区创造根据地。”刘志丹完全赞同高岗的意见。刘志丹在会上也讲了很好意见，他们共同总结了过去的经验教训，进一步明确了一条正确道路和正确的指导思想，并互相支持，互相配合，成功地开创了西北革命斗争史上的新时期。(引自张秀山访问笔记和华池县党史资料。) 会议根据高岗的报告展开热烈的讨论，与会同志畅所欲言，各陈已见，一致拥护高岗的报告。在总结经验教训，统一思想，提高认识的基础上，根据高岗的报告和刘志丹的意见，做出了三项决定： 一、撤销指挥部，重建二十六军，改编部队； 二、划分三路游击区并成立指挥部； 三、军事后方机关移住南梁，以及今后的战略行动、方向、方针等问题。 包家寨会议是陕甘边党自觉地运用毛泽东同志关于建立红色政权，红军理论，解决陕甘边实际问题的一次重要会议，是一次总结陕甘边革命斗争历史经验教训和由胜利走向更大胜利的关键性会议，在西北革命军事史上有着极其重要的意义和地位。第一次尝到共产党要推翻反动统治，必须掌握革命武装并形成拳头——主力部队；部队必须置于共产党的绝对领导下，才能统一意志，是取得胜利的保证，反过来，没有军队作保障党也无法活动。 11月8日，在莲花寺召开军人大会，正式宣布恢复二十六军，先成立中国工农红军四十二师，高岗任军、师政治委员，王泰吉任师长，刘志丹任参谋长。驰名的红二十六军重建，在开创陕甘宁苏区斗争中，刘、高配合默契，结为更加亲密的战友，将走投无路的红军引向胜利的坦途。 四十二师下辖两个团，以耀县三支队、义勇军为基础改编为红三团，团长王世泰，政委李映南；红四团扩编为骑兵团，团长赵国卿，政委杨森(后为张秀山)，还有一支实力较强的少先队，全师人、枪500多。 为了加强党对军队的领导，还成立师、团党委，连队建立党支部、师党委书记张秀山，因张暂不在部队，高岗代理党委书记，主持师党委的工作。在成立师党委的会上，高岗作了重要讲话。他说：“闹革命，不掌握枪杆子不行；有了枪杆子，没有党的正确领导，没有坚强的党组织也不行”。他主持师党委会工作期间，下决心抓武装部队中党的建设工作，责成团党委和连队党支部以中央发布的“十大纲领”和“古田决议”为政治教育主要内容。加强了军队的政治思想工作和党对军队的领导。为此在35年“肃反”时，高岗被诬蔑为“党棍”。 二十六军重新建立，师党委的成立，加强了集中领导，统一指挥，高举起二十六军旗帜，打破了敌人到处叫嚣：“省委捣毁了，二十六军消灭了，照金'匪巢'摧毁了，红军再闹不起来了”的造谣宣传。 高岗主持师党委会决定成立了三路游击队指挥部，任命强世卿为第一路游击队指挥部指挥，魏武为政委(以安定为中心)；任命杨琪为第二路游击队指挥部指挥，高岗兼政委(以南梁为中心)；任命王安民为第三路游击队指挥部指挥，张仲良为政委(以照金为中心)。 红军主力和各路游击队在师党委和师部的统一领导、指挥下，展开独立创建根据地的斗争。四十二师居中迂回作战，各路游击队在四十二师协助下，不断发展壮大，坚持了党对武装力量的领导原则，克服了“左”倾的错误，充分发挥了党的核心领导作用，坚持执行刘、高的正确路线和战略决策，摒弃了杜衡等“左”倾的影响，使部队在政治上、组织上、思想上大大加强了。四十二师和各路游击队不断扩大，越战越强，仗越打越大，根据地不断巩固和发展，陕甘边和陕北的群众斗争迅速发展起来，从分粮抗款斗争发展到分配土地，建立革命人民政权，打击敌人。