Chapter 6 Chapter Five Establishment of the New Soviet Area on the Shaanxi-Gansu Border

The establishment, consolidation and development of the revolutionary base in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region with Nanliang as the center demonstrated the maturity and unity of the leadership of the Party and the Red Army in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region, thus laying the foundation for the unification and development of the Northwest Revolutionary Base.Together with Gao Gang, Liu Zhidan led the army and the people to rekindle the flames of revolution in Nanliang, making the land of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia red. After the Zhaojin base area was lost, the Baojiazhai meeting decided to establish a base area with Nanliang as the center, and moved the Red Army's rear organs to the Nanliang area.According to the spirit of the meeting, Gao Gang focused on laying the foundation of Nanliang to create a new Soviet area and develop and strengthen the armed forces.There are many refugees in this area of ​​northern Shaanxi, most of whom are poor farmers who came here after the famine in 1928 to survive, open up wasteland, farm land, and herd cattle for a living.They leased and planted the land of landlords in Qingyang and Heshui areas, grazed cattle and sheep for large households, and employed labor to maintain their livelihood.They hated the old rulers deeply, and firmly supported the policy of the Communist Party and the Red Army to fight the rich and help the poor.Gao Gang and Liu Zhidan are familiar with the situation in this area, especially Liu Zhidan, who is known as the "living map". Clearly.They believed that the Nanliang area was the most suitable as the rear base of the Red Army, so they led the Red Army headquarters to withdraw from Xuejiazhai in Zhaojin, broke through the enemy's encirclement and pursuit, and marched to the Nanliang area.

In order to open up the situation, Nanliang was the center to create a base area. After the troops entered Nanliang, the division party committee decided to divide the troops into two groups and ordered Yang Sen to lead the cavalry regiment to move westward to attack the local militia.Gao Gang, Wang Taiji, and Liu Zhidan led the three main regiments to advance eastward to the Xian (Yang) Yu (Lin) Highway, and wiped out the enemies and local armed forces along the route.First, dozens of militia members were eliminated in Daozopu, Ganquan County.After a sneak attack on Ganquan Weike, when Liu and Gao led their troops to turn northward from Luohechuan to Grape Valley Gate, Yan'an sent a battalion of the enemy's 256th Brigade and 200 multi-military regiments to attack Liu and Gao's Red Army.Liu and Gao set up an ambush circle, and the cunning enemy stopped advancing without entering the ambush circle. The ambush plan was not realized, and Liu and Gao commanded the three regiments to counterattack and repel the enemy's attack.During this eastward journey, although Ganquan was not conquered and the invading enemy was completely wiped out, the enemy in the east was shocked and did not dare to advance westward lightly.Liu and Gao decided to lead their troops back to Nanliang, and the Red Third Regiment and the Cavalry Regiment joined forces in Erjiangchuan.There are more than 10 militia groups in the Nanliang area, the big ones are sixty or seventy people, the small ones are forty or fifty people, and there are also Tan Shilin's cavalry battalion and Zhang Tingzhi's new army battalion, with a total strength of more than a thousand people. They colluded with the government and occupied the mountains. Being a king, dominating one side, committing adultery and robbery, committing all kinds of crimes, they are called militias, but they are actually bandits.Under the command of Gao Gang, Wang Taiji, and Liu Zhidan, our army launched a left and right sweep against the local reactionary forces entrenched around Nanliang, and successively wiped out militia groups in Liyuanbao, Yanjiawazi, Zhaojiagoumen, and Xinbao. , Uprooted the enemy strongholds in this area, executed the accomplices of the habitual bandit leader Zhang Tingzhi and other reactionary guys, eradicated harm for the people, and the masses applauded.After the news spread, the small stockholder groups and bandits who had sneaked into Shaoshan fled or surrendered to the Red Army. The Red Army occupied Shaoshan and stood firm, laying the foundation for the establishment of the Nanliang base.

When the 42nd Division of the Red Army was resting in Nanliang, a joint meeting of the division party committee and division headquarters was held in Lianggoumen. Wang, Gao, and Liu spoke at the meeting. Help develop local guerrillas, pull out enemy strongholds and eliminate stragglers, and carry out base construction.According to the spirit of Gao Gang's speech, the meeting decided to seize the opportunity and strengthen the establishment of rear base areas.The meeting decided that the wounded and sick should be placed in Pingdingchuan and Baozichuan areas for treatment and recuperation.Send a left-behind team to take care of it, and other troops, with companies and platoons as units and cadres, went to Pingdingchuan, Baozichuan, Dafengchuan, Baimamiaochuan, Yuhuangmiaochuan, Erjiangchuan, Donghuachi, Huluhechuan and other places to publicize The masses, organize the masses, and form the second guerrilla unit.Gao Gang, Zhang Ce, Xi Zhongxun, etc. went door-to-door to do mass work, visited the poor, asked the poor, inspired the revolutionary enthusiasm of the masses, established grassroots organizations, and developed party members.

At that time, the consciousness of the people here was low, and they were uneducated. They didn't have a very clear understanding of the Communist Party, patriotism, the proletariat, and the Red Army.Our cadres can only explain in a superficial way: the Communist Party is a party for the benefit of the people, the proletariat is the poor and have nothing, every piece of land is communism, and so on.This interpretation is not accurate, but it can only be so given the level of mass consciousness here.In the work, the elimination of the enemy, the mobilization of the masses, the establishment of party and government organizations, the resolution of the people's sufferings, the distribution of land, and the expansion of the armed forces are closely integrated.

On November 25, 1933, the first township Soviet government in the Nanliang area was established.In rural areas such as Erjiangchuan, Donghuachi, and Huluhechuan, farmers' associations were established to organize farmers, handicraftsmen, and women, and five red guards were also organized, with more than 1,000 people participating. Bandits and tyrants, transferring the wounded and sick, protecting the masses and other tasks, actively cooperate with the main Red Army and guerrillas to fight, and develop and consolidate base areas.According to Gao Gang's proposal, the Party Committee of the 42nd Division decided to send a group of cadres to Bao'an, Heshui, Qingyang and other counties to organize and develop guerrilla units, carry out guerrilla warfare, and use various connections to send some people into the enemy army and bandits , Carry out the work of differentiation and disintegration.

Liyuan Fort is the center of the Nanliang base area. It is an earthen fort built at the end of the Qing Dynasty. It was later called Nanliang Fort. It is located at the intersection of Baimamiaochuan and Yuhuangmiaochuan. It is a traffic artery in Nanliang area and its geographical location is very important. .One of the leaders of Zhang Tingzhi's subordinates stationed in Baozi, Liang Bangdong, claimed to be a battalion, but it was actually just a company.Speaking of Liang Bangdong, the people in this area gritted their teeth with hatred.Liang bandits robbed Zhang Tingzhi Latin in the Nanliang area to expand his power, urge food and grass, and deal with the Red Army.If Liang Bangdong's nail is not pulled out, the Red Army will not be able to gain a firm foothold here, and there will be a danger of an earthquake at any time.

As soon as Liu Zhidan and Gao Gang arrived in Nanliang, they planned to eliminate this group of enemies, so they sent a company commander, a platoon leader, and a guerrilla leader to Liyuan Fort to scout the terrain and the enemy's situation.At dawn the next day, Liu Zhidan and Gao Gang commanded the Red Army to surround the enemy. Gunfire raged, and all the enemies were wiped out within a few minutes. The villainous battalion commander Liang Bangdong was captured alive.The Red Army convened a public judgment meeting in Liyuan Fort, and tied up Liang Bangdong, who had committed many crimes, and took him into the venue.The leader of the army counted the crimes of Liang Bandits, and the crowd shouted angrily: "Kill Liang Bangdong!" "Shoot Liang Bangdong!" Under the strong demand of the masses, Liang Bangdong was executed on the spot.Those prisoners who are willing to go home will be released, and those who are willing to join the Red Army will join the army after review.Liyuan Fort has since become the center of the Nanliang base area, and later became the seat of the Soviet government in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region.

At the end of February 1934, Shandong Liu Guitang (nicknamed Liu Erheizi, who later endangered the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei border area, first defected to Japan, then became a bandit, and was wiped out in Shandong during the liberation war.) led tens of thousands of people to operate on the Henan-Shaanxi border, and brought Wang Taiji wrote a letter asking Wang Taiji to assist him in the uprising.Liu Guitang and Wang Taiji were classmates at the Whampoa Military Academy.After Wang Taiji received the letter, he proposed to Gao Gang and Liu Zhidan to go to Henan to engage in military movement, fight for Liu's uprising, and do work for the party. Liu Gao couldn't keep him, so Wang insisted on going to fight for Liu Guitang to vote for the red.After research by the division's party committee, Wang Taiji's request was approved.The division party committee decided that the 42nd division would go south to help the third guerrilla team expand the guerrilla area, and at the same time escort Comrade Wang Taiji out of the border area. Wang Taiji's division commander was taken over by Liu Zhidan.Liu and Gao led the forty-two divisions to start from Nanliang, pass through Lianjiabian, Guchengchuan, and go south along Ning County and Zhengning County. After arriving in Chunhua County, Wang Taiji disguised himself as a farmer, left the army, and entered Tongrun Town in the Bai District. He was recognized by Ma Yuncong, a militia member he had known in the past, betrayed and taken to Xi'an. On March 3, 1934, he was killed by the Kuomintang reactionaries at the age of 28.Wang Taiji's heroic sacrifice caused our northwest to lose a good comrade, our army lost a good commander, and Gao Gang and Liu Zhidan lost a good comrade in arms.Since he worked together with Gao Gang during the Yaoxian Uprising, the two have established a profound revolutionary friendship. Like-minded, they led troops to fight and cooperated tacitly. They won several consecutive victories and contributed to the reconstruction of the 26th Army.I am deeply saddened by Wang Taiji's sacrifice, and mourned in the army.

After the 42nd Division went south, it carried out guerrilla activities in the Chunhua and Xunyi areas, helped to rectify the guerrilla organizations of the third route, mobilized the masses, and carried out guerrilla warfare in the guerrilla areas of the third route. The guerrilla areas were eliminated, and the Soviet areas such as Sanyuan, Yaoxian, and Chunhua were restored.Afterwards, Liu and Gao led their troops northward.On the way to the north, the troops camped in Nanyibao Village, Qiutouyuan, Zhengning County.On the bank of the ditch in Nanyibao Village, there is a fortress of a big gentry. It is surrounded by the ditch, and only one suspension bridge passes through it.A small number of armed forces are kept in the fort.At that time, the Red Army was short of funds, and the division decided to send troops to seize the stockade and fight against local tyrants.Gao Gang led some soldiers from the third regiment disguised as farmers to sneak into the fort, wiped out the landlord's armed forces, seized a dozen guns, and confiscated the property of the local tyrant.

The hero is sad about the beauty pass.After the battle, when cleaning the battlefield and clearing property, Gao Gang made a mistake in his life style, which was discovered by Huang Ziwen, then director of the Political Department of the 42nd Division, and reported to Liu Zhidan.On the third day, when the troops arrived in Nanliang, Lianjiabian convened the division party committee, severely criticized Gao Gang's mistakes, and decided to dismiss him as the political commissar of the division.When Liu Zhidan criticized, he said: "If you don't correct this problem, you will die here in the future." Since then, Gao Gang has become a full-time political commissar of the Second Route Guerrilla Headquarters.Yang Sen, political commissar of the division, took over (it is said that Zhang Xiushan took over).At that time, Gao Gang was given a few guns and asked him to form a regiment to make up for his mistakes.

After the Spring Festival, the main force of the 42nd Division left Nanliang and moved around Yaoxian County and Tongguan to expand the influence of the Red Army and seek opportunities to annihilate the enemy.Gao Gang stayed in the Nanliang base area, commanded the guerrillas from the town, mobilized the masses, organized the masses, armed the masses, expanded the second-line guerrillas, strengthened their strength, and consolidated and expanded the second-line guerrilla areas. During Gao Gang's time in Nanliang, he carefully studied the experience of Comrades Mao Zedong and Zhu De in guerrilla warfare in the south, and studied strategies and tactics.Drawing lessons from the failure of staying away from base areas in the guerrilla movement in 1932, he personally went to Baoan, Ansai, Heshui, Qingyang and other counties to organize and rectify the guerrillas, so that the number of guerrillas in the counties under the jurisdiction of the Erlu Guerrilla Headquarters rapidly expanded. Go out and win consecutive battles.The Qingyang guerrilla team (captain Yang Peisheng, political commissar Wang Baoshan) started with only 8 people and 3 guns.Under the guidance of Gao Gang, he broke into the second general, Chuanliu Pingbao, and confiscated more than 30 guns and 70 grenades from the militia.He actively mobilized more than 60 local refugees from Hengshan, Mizhi and Sanbian to join the army.Then he captured the family members of Zhao Fukui, the second general of the Sichuan Ministries, and forced Zhao Tuanzong to hand over more than 60 guns, and exchanged the family members, so that the guerrillas quickly grew to more than 100 people and guns.By the summer of 1934, this force had grown to more than 170 people and expanded into two detachments and one cavalry team.When the Heshui guerrilla was founded, there were only 5 people (captain Zhang Zhendong, political commissar Sun Di Die). They cleverly seized 25 guns from the Donghuachi militia, destroyed the reactionary stronghold, and absorbed some new members.Then under the command of Gao Gang, more than 100 militiamen were recruited in Taibai, Lianjiabian, Huluhechuan and other places, and more than 100 guns were seized. By the summer of 1934, it had grown to more than 180 people and expanded into 3 squadrons. Foot, has become a fighting force.Under the command of Gao Gang and Yang Qi, the Qingyang and Heshui guerrilla groups carried out extensive guerrilla activities in their respective counties, hunting local tyrants and distributing property in order to mobilize and attract the masses for practical benefits.Gao Gang also went to Hupitou in Luohechuan to organize and rectify the guerrilla team in Ansai County (captain Wang Zichang, political commissar Wu Yaxiong), expanding from seven or eight people to dozens of people.The security guerrillas wiped out more than 30 enemies in Zhaojiashizi, captured more than 30 guns, and strengthened their team.There are more than a thousand guerrillas in the second route, and their combat effectiveness and fighting strategies have been continuously improved. Under the leadership of the Second Route Guerrilla Headquarters, the guerrillas in Qingyang and Heshui counties sometimes concentrated their operations and sometimes dispersed their activities, moving left and right, attacking east and west, looking for opportunities to annihilate Donghuachi, Linjinmiao, Gaotai, The 9 militia groups in Liujiabian and other places organized the masses to fight against the landlords and gentry, and distributed land and property.At this time, Gao Gang paid attention to implementing the united front policy. He used a large number of elder brothers and elders in the Nanliang area to dredge up relations, recruited some militia groups and bandits, and used them for my own use, expanding the armed forces of the Red Army and increasing weapons and equipment.It was already March. So far, the new Soviet area with Nanliang as the center has begun to take shape. It extends from Heishuipo in the north, Lianhua Temple in the south, Laoyeling in the west, and Pingzhengchuan in the east.Before the Red Army reached Nanliang, there was no Communist Party organization in this area, and there was no foundation for mass movements.The masses didn't understand the Communist Party and the Red Army. Some people were influenced by the enemy's reactionary propaganda. When the Red Army came, some people went into Shaogou and hid their things at home.After the Erlu guerrillas cooperated with local cadres to go door to door and patiently publicized to the masses, the masses called each other back.Gao Gang and other leading cadres went to various households to visit the poor and ask about their sufferings. After investigation and understanding, they found that the masses were most short of cattle, sheep, food and clothing.So they mobilized the masses and troops to fight against local tyrants, distribute cattle and sheep, food, and clothing, so that the masses benefited, and gradually raised the masses' fighting spirit. Various mass organizations and party organizations in the countryside were established. The fruits of victory, consolidate the base.The majority of people who have turned over from bitterness and hatred happily sang Xintianyou: Thousands of miles of thunder flashed thousands of miles, and some Red Army came up to start a communist party.The sickle and the ax are old shovels, cutting the road for the poor to walk.Nanliang mountains and rivers set up camps, and Zhidan Gaogang became famous.The Red Army was really brave in fighting, and the white dog was terrified.The local tyrants were beaten to divide the land, and the poor people were overthrown.Actively sign up to join the army and follow Liu Gao to fight the country. The expansion of base areas in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region and the development of the armed forces of the Red Army caused great anxiety among the enemy.From the end of 1933 to the spring of 1934, the Xi'an Appeasement Administration mobilized the garrisons and militia groups in Baoan, Heshui, Qingyang and other counties to take advantage of the opportunity of the Red Army's final foothold and launch an attack on the Nanliang base area.Under the situation of disparity in the strength of the enemy and ourselves, Liu and Gao led the Red Army and insisted on the strategy of avoiding its main force and attacking its weaknesses. Liu Zhidan led the main force to fight outside.Gao Gang and Yang Qi commanded the guerrillas of the second route to drill Shaogou and circle the mountains, looking for opportunities to attack the invading enemy.Organize a small group of red guards to shoot and change places to harass the enemy who has penetrated into the base area.At the same time, organize and mobilize the masses to fortify the walls and clear the fields, making it impossible for the enemy to gain a foothold in the base areas.According to the order of the Second Route Guerrilla Headquarters, the Baoan County Guerrilla Team cooperated with the Red Guards to attack the enemy five times.The guerrillas in Qingyang and Heshui counties, under the personal command of Gao Gang, turned to outside battles, took down ancient towns, and wiped out more than 100 members of the militia.Moving to Zhengning County, with the cooperation of He Bingzheng's Pingzi guerrillas, Wang Langpo wiped out a militia group, mobilized the masses to fight against local tyrants in Sicunyuan, Sanjiayuan, Qingshuiyuan and other areas, distributed property, organized Red Guards, and established passing posts , Monitor the enemy's actions at any time, and cooperate with the guerrillas to attack the enemy.Not only did the enemy fail to wipe out the Red Army when they arrived at the base area, but they couldn't even get food wherever they went, and they were beaten and wiped out everywhere, and they were forced to withdraw from the base area in embarrassment. During this period, under the leadership of Gao Gang and Yang Qi, the Second Route guerrillas, in cooperation with the main force of the Red Army, not only smashed the enemy's "encirclement and suppression" campaign, but also expanded the guerrilla area by opening outside lines. The main force of the division transported a large number of soldiers and horses to strengthen the strength of the main force, provided a large amount of equipment, and raised funds. After the Fujian Incident, the enemies on the Shaanxi-Gansu border waited and watched the situation and suspended their attacks on the Soviet area.After the failure of the Fujian Incident, in the spring of 1934, the Kuomintang army was carrying out the fifth "encirclement and suppression" against the Central Red Army and the Central Soviet Area in the south.The Northwest Warlords of the Kuomintang, representing the interests of the big landlords and the bourgeoisie, were terrified when they saw the vigorous development of the land revolution movement in the Shaanxi-Gansu border and northern Shaanxi. Forced the people to go to the village, and prohibited the revolutionary activities of the masses; at the same time, they began to deploy "encirclement and suppression" of the Northwest Soviet Area and the Red Army.The Xi'an Appeasement Office mobilized more than 6,000 people and ordered Feng Qinzai's two regiments from Shaanxi to go northward from Yaoxian County; The border of Gansu was encircled; Jing Yuexiu in northern Shaanxi sent a regiment to march westward from Yan'an and Bao'an to cooperate with the "encirclement and suppression". In March, the enemy army in Gansu took the lead and cooperated with the local militia to divide into eight groups. They first invaded the Shaanxi-Gansu border Soviet area in an attempt to destroy the Soviet area and eliminate the Red Army.Facing the situation where the enemy was outnumbered, the main force of the 42nd Red Division went southward and transferred to Yaoxian, Yijun, Fuxian and other places to attack and contain the enemy going northward.Under the command of Gao and Yang, the Second Route guerrillas fought in a detour in the Nanliang base to attack the invasion of Yang Ziheng's troops.The Heshui and Qingyang guerrillas first wiped out a brigade of the Qingyang militia, and then wiped out the armed forces of the Guanyin Temple landlords.Then they attacked the Yangjiazhai militia group in Heshui County, conquered this dangerous fortress, and distributed all the property in the village to the poor people.He also attacked Yuelebao and Rouyuanchuan, and wiped out the Tiansheng Xiao militia.The Heshui guerrillas attacked the Yayao militia.The security guerrillas passed through Wubaochuan and Baibaochuan, and attacked Zhang Tingzhi's bandits in Shuifantai and Lijialiang overnight to contain the enemy's invasion.The second-line guerrillas attacked and blocked the enemy everywhere.Later, Liu Zhidan led the main force of the Red Army back to the Nanliang area, joined forces with the Second Route guerrillas led by Gao Gang, and held a welcome meeting for the return of the 42nd Division. Gao Gang and Liu Zhidan spoke at the welcome meeting.Then they marched north together, claiming to attack Bao'an County, and blocked the news westward, giving the enemy the illusion.The next day, the Red Army turned to march towards Xijiu, crossed the Luo River secretly, went straight to Zhang Tingzhi's lair in Sandaochuan, wiped out Zhang Tingzhi's two companies in Guanmiao, Linjiabian and other places in Sandaochuan, and won more than 50 horses. On March 28, the 2nd Route Guerrilla Team and the 42nd Division took advantage of the victory and marched to Gaoqiao.Gaoqiao's false mayor is a big local landlord, and the front and rear ditches and several beams are all his family's land.On this day, District Chief Gao was celebrating his father's anniversary at home and invited many guests.Liu Zhidan and Gao Gang decided to send a few soldiers, disguised as beggars, with pistols hidden in their bodies, to guard the three gates of District Chief Gao, waiting for the arrival of large troops.Then a troop came down from the mountain and was seen by the guests, who shouted urgently: "The Red Army is coming! Run!" There was chaos in the courtyard for a while, and people rushed out to the three gates desperately. The "plainclothes" drew out his pistol and shouted, "Don't move!" and blocked the gate.The security guerrillas recognized the local landlords, and they arrested the five landlords without firing a single shot.The banquet prepared by District Chief Gao for the guests happened to be lunch for the troops.After the meal, the troops continued to advance westward.Gao Gang commanded the second guerrilla cavalry team, fought a battle in Yuanchengzi, wiped out Tan Shilin's cavalry company, wiped out nearly a hundred enemies, and captured more than a hundred horses. On April 2, the Red Forty-Second Division and the Second Route guerrillas drove to Huachi (an old town).The third regiment of the 42nd division was stationed in the north city, the cavalry regiment was stationed outside the east gate, and the second guerrilla group was stationed at the east ditch of the city.The Red Army was resting and preparing to make lunch. Gao Gang went to the division headquarters for a meeting. The Second Route guerrillas found that the enemy was chasing them and sent someone to report to Gao Gang.Gao Gang climbed up the old city wall to observe the enemy's situation and terrain.The 2 battalions and the regiment of the Wang Ziyi Regiment of the Yang Ziheng Department of the Kuomintang, with a total of 7 companies of nearly 1,000 people, set out from Qingyang and rushed towards the Red Army like hungry wolves.Liu and Gao anxiously studied the plan to eliminate the enemy. Gao Gang proposed: encircle the infantry, charge the cavalry, and insert the guerrillas from Qingyang and Heshui.Liu Zhidan agreed and said: "The way of thinking is right".After the battle plan was determined, Liu and Gao gave way to each other to take command. "This battle is not easy to fight, you give us the command." Liu Zhidan asked Gao Gang to take command.Gao Gang said: "That won't work, you sit in the formation, and I will command the guerrillas to charge." Zhidan said: "Okay, let's command together", and ordered the troops to enter the position. At this time, the enemy had already arrived, and joined the second guerrilla team in the fire.After the rendezvous of the Red 42nd Division and the 2nd Route Guerrilla, there were 7 companies with more than 1,000 people. The strength of the enemy and the enemy were equal, the enemy's weapons were good, and our army's fighting spirit was strong.The Red Third Regiment attacked from the front, the cavalry regiment rushed behind the enemy, and the Qingyang and Heshui guerrillas were already stuck in the middle and opened.But the enemy ignored them, thinking that the guerrillas were covering the retreat of the main force of the Red Army, and still rushed forward in formation, trying to bite the main force of the Red Army.The battalion commander of the enemy's front guard said to the regiment commander: "The enemy in front has stopped, let's deploy the troops quickly!" The enemy commander said: "Hurry up! When you deploy, the main force of the enemy will run away. You must seize the main force and eliminate it!" The enemy commander was raising his gun to urge him to advance. Our army attacked in an all-round way. Gao Gang ordered the second guerrillas to stop and fight hard.Gao Gang took the lead and led two guerrillas to rush into the heart of the enemy group, hacking east and west, galloping freely, as if entering no man's land.Before the enemy's mind could react, our soldiers shouted, bullets whizzed, sabers flashed, horses stepped on their swords, attacked from all sides, and stabbed in the middle. Suddenly, the enemy was in a mess, routed, and was pushed down into the ravine, surrendering and begging for mercy.The gunfire stopped, the ditch was filled with yellow dust, and no one could be seen. Only the Red Army soldiers shouted: "Give up your guns and don't kill them!" "The Red Army treats prisoners preferentially!" In this battle, 7 enemy companies were wiped out, more than 800 long and short guns, 2 mortars, 2 machine guns, more than 80 horses, dozens of boxes of ammunition were captured, and more than 700 enemies were killed, wounded, or captured.This is an unprecedented victory since the Red Army entered the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region.This battle completely shattered the enemy's "encirclement and suppression" of the new Soviet area, and the enemy did not dare to act rashly, making the Nanliang area stable for a long period of time.The people in the base area sang Xin Tianyou everywhere: "The chicken baby screams and the dog baby bites, and the brother of the Red Army is back again..." This battle was fought really happily, and the battle was resolved in less than an hour, with few casualties in our army.Veteran comrades Zhang Xiushan and others who participated in this battle said that the key to the rapid victory of this battle was that Zhidan and Gao Gang had correct command, careful deployment, good use of terrain, infantry encirclement, cavalry charge, and more importantly, the second-line guerrilla The team penetrated into the enemy's heart, just like "Monkey King drilled into the belly of the Iron Fan Princess"; urgent orders, quick decisive battles, before the enemy launched, our army launched an attack, and the enemy's mind was beaten before he could react; there is another reason, Zhidan The combination of Gao and Gang is like a tiger with wings. One is resourceful and decisive, and the other is brave and tenacious, which fully demonstrates their military talents. Dozens of battles have been fought in succession, with victories in successive battles, high morale, high fighting spirit, and excellent replacement of weapons. This battle has been a model since the establishment of the Northwest Red Army, and it has provided a battle example for future battles of annihilation.The quick battle and quick victory demonstrated the prestige of the Red Army and struck down the reactionary arrogance of the enemy.So far, the small group of enemies heard about Liu Zhidan's and "Gao Mazi's" troops, and fled upon hearing the news. After Yang Ziheng's Prince Regiment was wiped out, the enemy's plan to "encircle and suppress" the Nanliang base area went bankrupt again.The Red 42nd Division and the Second Route Guerrilla returned to Nanliang and held a victory celebration meeting. Liu Zhidan and Gao Gang delivered important speeches at the meeting.The masses sang and danced in condolence to the troops, and they were extremely excited. The Nanliang base area began to take shape, grassroots political power, party organizations, mass organizations, and red guard organizations were generally established. Dozens of counties.Liu Zhidan was very happy to see the good situation in the Nanliang base area, and highly appreciated Gao Gang's work ability and achievements. He said: "We have a reliable rear base." After the main force of the Red Army and the Second Route guerrilla unit won the victory against the "encirclement and suppression" in Huachi, they rested in Nanliang for a few days. , Gao Gang led the guerrilla movement in Nanliang area.Unwilling to give up after the failure of the enemy's "encirclement and suppression" base area plan, we left Nanliang with our main force and launched a new attack on Nanliang.Qiu Liangming, Tan Shilin, Zhang Tingzhi, etc., worked together as traitors and gathered bandits to attack Nanliang. With many soldiers and good weapons, in mid-May, Qiu, Tan, and Zhang invaded the west of Laoyeling in Nanliang, burned more than 40 houses, and destroyed There are hundreds of holes in the caves, where food and oil are burned, sheep and livestock are driven away, and the places they pass are looted. In response to the enemy's offensive situation, Gao Gang implemented the policy of "defense strategically, and concentrate forces to destroy the enemy first in tactics", gathering the guerrillas and looking for opportunities to attack the enemy's invasion.Organize the masses to continue to fortify the walls and clear the fields, hiding in the shoot forest.Organize the Red Guards to harass the enemy.Unable to catch the Red Army, the enemy went straight to the security guards with mad hatred, burned Liu Zhidan's home, dug Zhidan's ancestral grave by using feng shui pressure tactics, destroyed the "feng shui" of the Red Army, and massacred Zhidan's relatives (Zhang Tingzhi knew Zhidan Dan's relatives), committing all sorts of crimes, made the chickens and dogs restless.Gao Gang commanded Liu Jingfan to lead the security guerrillas back to Bao'an, and took advantage of familiarity to sneak attack the enemy and attack the militia and local tyrants who were accomplices of Qiu Liangming's regiment in order to frustrate their reactionary arrogance.They repelled the enemy by adopting a strategy similar to that of Han Liu Bang and Chu Xiangyu in the battles of Xingyang and Chenggao.Gao Gang and Yang Qi led Qingyang, Heshui, and Ansai guerrillas to advance towards the enemy's rear—Qingyang and Heshui.Gao Gang said: "We took his rear route. The enemy's rear is like an old girl's buttocks. You can't touch him. Once you touch him, he will turn back." Go back to Qingyang and protect the base.This strategy really worked. When the enemy's rear was on fire, Yang Ziheng urgently ordered Qiu Liangming and Tan Shilin to retreat in panic. The guerrillas took advantage of the opportunity of the enemy's retreat to eliminate and attack the enemy's vital forces and won the victory. The plan of the Red Army to "encircle and suppress" the base areas failed again.Our second guerrilla team returned to the division and regained Nanliang, restored and consolidated the base area and developed the party organization, and rectified the local government and mass organizations.After several counter-campaigns against "encirclement and suppression", they improved the combat effectiveness of the Red Guards, actively expanded the second-line guerrillas, raised funds, and replenished horses to strengthen their strength and prepare for another attack from the enemy.The masses praised: "The Red Army has returned, the White Army has been driven away, the local tyrants and evil gentry have been overthrown, and the poor have stood up." In May, after the main force of the 42nd Division of the Red Army went south, the enemy mobilized a large number of troops to follow and pursue them.Due to being outnumbered, the Red 42nd Division was not suitable for fighting on the plains, so they returned to the rear of Nanliang.The second route guerrillas supplemented the main force with lost soldiers and horses, and provided funds.The guerrillas gave Gao Gang a nickname: "Soldiers".Gao Gang said: "It is glorious to be a 'soldier dealer' for the revolution. If not, can the Red Army expand?" Liu Zhidan came back and saw the Nanliang area. , there are new changes in the base areas, the Second Route guerrilla has become more consolidated and strengthened, and the military and political qualities of cadres and soldiers have been improved. It is not only an armed force with strong combat effectiveness, but also a mass work force. Doing mass work, the command and mobilization became more effective, and the discipline and organization were greatly improved. On May 28, a party committee meeting was held in Zhaiziwan, Nanliang. The meeting fully affirmed the construction work of the Nanliang base area, and decided to formally resume the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee (the Shaanxi-Gansu Special Committee has not been active since its withdrawal from Zhaojin), Zhang Xiushan He served as the secretary and was later replaced by Hui Zijun.In view of Gao Gang's resignation, he has not been discouraged, not to mention the male and female style is his old problem, he does not take it seriously, but is still full of confidence, and has contributed to the defense of the Nanliang base area, the development of guerrillas, and the replenishment of the main force.The special committee decided to adjust the leadership team of the 42nd Division. Gao Gang returned to serve as the political commissar of the 26th Army and the 42nd Division, and Yang Sen served as the division commander.At the same time, it was decided to establish the Shaanxi-Gansu Frontier Revolutionary Military Committee, Liu Zhidan was the chairman of the Military Committee, and 12 people including Gao Gang were members of the Military Committee.Gao Gang returned to the leadership position of the main force. The meeting carefully summed up the work experience and lessons since March, and decided to strengthen the mass work, party building, and political power building in the new Soviet area centered on Nanliang, and restore the trauma caused by the enemy's "encirclement and suppression".After the meeting, Liu, Gao, and Yang commanded the 42nd Division and the 2nd Route Guerrilla Team to set out separately to launch guerrilla movements in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region, consolidate and strengthen the construction of grassroots party organizations, political power and mass organizations, and the Red Guards, and consolidate the base areas.At the same time mobilize the masses, mobilize young peasants to join the army, strengthen the armed forces, train the army, and improve military strategies and tactics. Gao Gang led a cavalry company to the south, went to Hancheng, Baishui and other places, and then went north to Anding, Ganquan, Yichuan, Yanchang, Ansai, Baoan and other places to support long-distance raids, helping northern Shaanxi to carry out guerrilla warfare.Distributed leaflets along the way, signed Gao Gang, the political commissar of the 42nd Division, and Yang Sen, the division commander, painted slogans, held mass meetings, publicized our party's policies and the mission of the Red Army, and expanded the political influence of the party and the Red Army.Leave some guns, ammunition and funds for Xie Zichang in Anding County, and ask Xie Zichang to come to Nanliang to discuss future work together.Xie Zichang and Guo Hongtao asked the cavalry regiment to stay in northern Shaanxi to support the guerrillas in developing guerrilla areas.Gao Gang believed that the guerrillas in northern Shaanxi were weak, the guerrilla area was small, and the cavalry had large targets, making it inconvenient to move around, so he decided to return to Nanliang.Gao Gang didn't listen to Xie and Guo's opinions, so he planted the shadow of being dismissed for the second time.Gao Gang led his troops on this trip for more than a thousand miles, broadcasting the revolutionary fire and expanding the influence of the Red Army.After the cavalry company returned to Nanliang, they successively sent Wang Baoshan and Liu Yuesan to lead the Qingyang guerrillas to northern Shaanxi to cooperate with the northern Shaanxi guerrillas in guerrilla warfare, defeating the enemy's 86th Division Zhang Jiannan.He fought several victories in succession, expanded the number of people and guns of the guerrillas in northern Shaanxi, strengthened the momentum of the Red Army, and supported and promoted the vigorous development of the guerrilla movement in northern Shaanxi. The west and north districts of Anding County, the two districts along the Wuding River in Qingjian, and some villages in Suide, Wubao, Jiaxian, Shenmu, Hengshan and other counties have all become "red". Although the local government has not been established, However, the Poor Peasants Association performed the work of administrative power and managed the big and small affairs of the villages in the red areas, which laid the foundation for creating and consolidating the base areas in northern Shaanxi and establishing political power. "The revolution in the Northwest embarked on the road of armed struggle after the failure of the Great Revolution in 1927. Due to our inexperience and the strength of the enemy, we suffered many defeats. After several years of struggle, in the autumn of 1933, we accepted Only after learning from failures can we start to walk on the right path." (Chuck's language) Since the establishment of the Red Army's temporary headquarters in 1933 and the reconstruction of the 26th Army, until the summer of 1934, the base area has grown from small to large, and the Red Army has grown from small to large. The 42nd Division and the 2nd Route Guerrilla Team fought dozens of times with the enemy, repeatedly swept from south to north, from east to west, crushed the enemy's attacks several times, wiped out more than 3,000 enemies, and liberated more than ten provinces in Shaanxi and Gansu. In the vast rural areas of the county, dozens of enemy strongholds were pulled out, the Kuomintang’s Baojia system was destroyed, and party organizations and workers’ and peasants’ regimes were established in large areas, and the base area expanded to more than 60,000 square kilometers.Chi'an (Baoan), Qingbei, Huachi, Ansai, Zhongyi, Fuxi and other counties and Eastern District (Oasis and Yichuan) Weibei South District (under the jurisdiction of Xinzhengning, Xinning County, Heshui and other counties) successively A revolutionary committee was established, 14 guerrilla teams were established, with more than 3,000 members, and the main force of the 42nd Division grew to more than 1,000 people.Chuck said: "Most county revolutionary committees and guerrillas and the establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu Democratic Government, Gao Gang personally participated in the formation, fully demonstrating his organizational skills." With the continuous victory of the Red Army and the deepening of the land revolution, the revolutionary situation excellent.It is what the people in Nanliang area praised: In order to further develop the construction of base areas and expand the army, on July 5, the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Special Committee, the Revolutionary Committee (established on February 25) and the 42nd Division held a joint meeting in Nanliang. Gao Gang attended the meeting and made an important speech , highlighting the issue of party, government and military construction.The meeting summed up experience, reviewed the party, government, military and civilian work, studied tasks such as the agrarian revolution, expanding the Red Army, strengthening the party's core leadership role, and political power construction, and pointed out the solution to the problem of "the oppressor and the oppressed".The meeting made the "Resolution on the Current Situation and the Party's Tasks in the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region." The "Resolution" pointed out that under the cruel oppression and exploitation of all warlords, bureaucrats, gentry, and landlords in the Northwest, ordinary poor people continued to launch all kinds of struggles. Under the influence, the sentiment of mass struggle became more and more profound. At the beginning, it was an armed conflict. Just as the masses in the east of Longdong automatically killed the collection committee members.到开展游击战争与分土地，更进到新红军与新苏区的创造的阶段中。”《决议》还指出，党的领导太薄弱，“不起核心作用”，游击队中存在的问题等，不能适应“创造陕甘新苏区的任务”。 《决议》对当前党的各项任务提出具体要求： (一)党的工作加强华池苏区的领导，恢复和建立建全党的各级组织，形成苏区核心，巩固苏区内各种群众组织。“四十二师及各游击队的党，应该纠正过去的错误，彻底转变部队的领导，使党真正的成为群众核心。”“地方党的支部，必须十倍扩大党的组织，部队内的党必须发展一倍党员。”“每个区委和各队委……必须选择一个中心支部。”特委成立一个训练班，提拔最有认识的农民同志以及各连队干部受训，以培养干部，锻炼干部。党的领导应该立即转变领导方法，主要的是一切领导机关深入下层，倾听群众意见，密切党的关系，密切党的组织，并用“启发式和革命竞赛”的方式去领导。 (二)政权问题创造中心苏区，转变临时政权，在革委会建立党团组织，以加强革命委员会的领导，整顿各部门的工作。各革命委员会马上颁发法令，规定施政方针，以巩固苏区。对于农协会、赤卫队、少先队、雇工队、贫农团等群众组织，也须颁发条例与简章。在十月革命纪念日正式成立苏维埃政权，以华池为陕甘边的中心苏区，向四外发展。恢复照金苏区，打通陕北苏区，四十二师要帮助陕北游击队完成创造新苏区的任务，帮照金恢复苏区。 (三)扩大与巩固红军为加强无产阶级力量，保障无产阶级政权，责成二、三路游击队于两月内各完成一个团的任务，四十二师帮助陕北游击队完成一个师的任务，同时要扩大四十二师为一个军。要扩大军队必须巩固军队，巩固的办法，除了加强党的领导外，最主要的是加紧教育训练。要求连队政治人员抓好政治教育，组织列宁室、识字组、政治研究会等，以提高战士的政治水平。革命军事委员会开设军事政治学校，培训军政干部。 (四)开展游击运动各路游击队完成红军团的任务之下，要产生第二个游击队，以开展游击战争。特委要把洛(川)宜(川)游击队和陕州游击队组织起来。 (五)深入土地革命“实行土地革命是我们目前最迫切的任务，除了分配苏区内的土地以外，必须向四周去展开，在各游击区域内，群众斗争高涨的地方，立即开始分配土地。” 这个《决议》共9条，对开展革命战争、群众工作解决“两种人”问题等提出具体战略任务。高岗亲自参加研究起草决议。 会后高岗以“7·5决议”精神为指针，致力于抓军队和党政的建设工作，深入基层发动群众、扩大红军，注重培训，加强军队党的领导，“用枪杆子保卫和发展以南梁为中心革命根据地。” 一个历史事件往往要经过历史的检验来确定它的地位。南梁7月会议是一个相当重要的会议，对巩固南梁根据地，扩大红军，建设政权，开创陕甘、陕北根据地，具有伟大的革命意义。 南梁苏区正以“7·5决议”为指导，广泛开展如火如荼的革命热潮中，谢子长、郭洪涛等带陕北游击队(100多人，50余条枪)，于7月23日辗转到南梁根据地。陕甘边党政军领导和部队、群众热烈欢迎谢子长到南梁来。部队举行联欢、互相参观学习、慰问，关系融洽，亲如一家。 当时，自陕西省委破坏，陕甘边党和上级断绝了联系，党组织和干部非常渴望得到上级党的领导。高岗曾派秦武山去关中地区联系，起身时没路费，高岗动员战士捐的七八十元钱，才打发秦上路，结果未见回音。1934年春，在荔园堡胡志禄(革委员会粮食委员)家里，高岗口授并负责，张策执笔，在一张纸烟盒内薄纸上写了陕甘边苏区情况和二十六军重建等汇报提纲，派一位叫王锦全的府谷籍青年战士，前往上海找党中央，也无着落。此时，中央已转移到江西苏区，上海只留临时中央局。后来据说，王锦全到上海找不到中央，拉人力车渡日。早在去年高岗到照金后就派崔廷儒回关中恢复党组织也未见消息。先后三次派人出动和上级联系都未见回音。真是天天盼，月月盼，盼得上级来人。春夏之交，听到谢子长从北方局回到陕北，高岗亲自到陕北跟谢子长联系。所以从北方回来的谢子长等到南梁，大家精神振奋。 7月28日，在南梁附近的阎家洼子召开陕甘边特委扩大会，也叫陕甘、陕北联席会议，刘志丹、高岗、习仲勋、惠子俊、张秀山、龚逢春和陕北游击队负责人谢子长、郭洪涛、贺晋年等参加会议，还有陕甘二十六军连以上干部和陕北游击队总指挥部支队政委、队长以上干部参加。 会议的主要议题有：总结陕甘边根据地和四十二师革命斗争工作；传达上海临时中央局、北方局的两封信；研究商讨陕甘边、陕北今后工作方针、任务。会上，杨森代表四十二师汇报了建立四十二师以来，部队发展和革命根据地建设情况以及今后发展的路线、方针、抗日统一战线政策等意见，得到与会多数同志的赞同。杨森在汇报中把高岗在元月犯错误撤职和创建南梁根据地、发展二路游击队做出显著贡献后又复职的情况也如实说了一遍。谢子长以北方局派往西北特派员身份，宣读了上海临时中央局及北方局给红二十六军的两封指示信。指示信不顾客观事实，对二十六军横加指责，以王明“左倾”路线观点说什么红二十六军一贯地拘泥于“逃跑主义”和“钻梢林主义”；硬把杜衡强行二十六军二团南下失败的“左倾冒险主义”却说成是“右倾机会主义领导下的结果”；把十倍于我之敌“围剿”照金根据地的困难情况下，退出渭北和照金根据地的行动，说成是“逃跑主义”、“右倾机会主义”；把建立游击队和收编、改造绿林武装的方针、政策，说成是“带有浓厚的土匪色彩”、“招兵买马的土匪流氓的发展”、“枪杆子万能”；耀县骑兵团起义和王泰吉的牺牲是什么“没有丝毫的阶级立场”，“没有为革命牺牲的决心和勇气”等等。一句话，把红二十六军坚持游击战争和开创根据地、发展游击队进行艰苦卓绝的斗争，否定得干干净净。谢子长、郭洪涛根据“指示信”的左倾观点，作了长篇发言，对二十六军进行批评，按“指示信”如法炮制更具体化，“右倾机会主义领导”、“逃跑主义”、“森林主义”，把矛头指向二十六军领导，说高岗收编、改造绿林、土匪武装为游击队是“土匪路线”、“枪杆子万能”；抓住高岗的作风问题，指责刘志丹恢复高岗二十六军师政委职务是“右倾调和主义”；他们认为南梁根据地不全部没收富农的土地是“富农路线”等等。“指示信”和他们的发言给会议笼罩了一层黑影。与会的同志在当时还不知道王明的“左”倾路线，但都感到莫名其妙，不符合事实的批评，更奇怪的是自去年省委被破坏后，几次派出去人找党中央，杳无音信，上级未派来任何人过问二十六军的情况，贾拓夫找中央也未见回音。陕甘边党和二十六军与上级断绝关系后，他们像没娘的孩子，天天盼望上级党派来人指导，第一次见到中央北方局的“指示信”，就使大家很心寒。这种错误陆路线，理所当然的受到陕甘边领导的反对。会议进行激烈争论，大家站起来说，这指示信的根据是什么？从没有来人调查，北方局靠什么指责？难道红军扩大了，根据地开创了，反倒有罪了吗？高岗坚决反对，他说我们都是陕北人，初来陕甘时执行杜衡的那一套，弄得屡受挫折，大家都挨整，给革命带来损失，造成二十六军覆没，在十倍于我之敌人“围剿”的形势下，红军只有几百人，不得不退出照金苏区；谁愿意钻梢林，平原地区能不能站住脚？“要是把愿望当成事实，乞丐早发财了。”目前在平原建立根据地，“无异于叫花子想抱新娘子，穷作梦”“枪杆就是万能，不万能为什么要搞兵运？拿什么打倒反动派，没枪是打而不倒的”；“有枪就是'草头王'，没有枪，万万不能，放屁也不响”。“历代王朝兴衰，就看能不能掌握军队，没有枪杆子，能夺天下吗？枪杆不是天上掉下来的，上级不给发，蒋介石不给，只能夺取，哪个真龙天子赤手空拳夺天下？不都是靠军队东打西战打下来的江山。没有军队，就是坐了天下，有人发动政变，顷刻便被推翻了。”要建立根据地，眼前非要按陕甘这种办法搞不行，反对“梢林主义”还得搞“梢山主义”，毛主席也得上井岗山，否则没有希望的。习仲勋、惠子俊等同志说，盼来盼去，盼来一瓢冷水，盼来一顿指责，我们宁去找中央，也不能接受文件的指责。黄子文说：我去找北方局，北方局我熟，他们根据是什么……后来据朱理智在1945年西北局高干座谈会上说：两封信是根据郭洪涛报告来的。 会议越争越激烈，刘志丹对一些问题有看法，但他不愿和谢子长掰情，加之战事紧张，极力控制会议气氛缓和下来。陕甘领导特别是刘志丹根据谢子长“特派员”的意见，本着革命利益和友谊为重，把高岗四十二师政委的职务免掉，降为临时参谋长，后又安排为红军政治学校政委，“高岗挨了一大锤打下来”(马文瑞语)，谢子长接任四十二师政委，并提出陕北游击队搞起时间短，力量单薄，如今井岳秀来“围剿”(即第一次围剿)，红三团到陕北去一趟，帮助粉碎敌人的“围剿”。刘志丹欣然答应三团去陕北，并另派了些干部和战士，给一批枪支、弹药和钱物，支持陕北发展武装。谢子长政委率领二十六军四十二师主力三团回陕北。 阎家洼子会议后，四十二师主力三团由王世泰、黄罗斌带领到达陕北，在谢子长的指挥和陕北游击队的配合下，先后在横山的金吴塌(现属子长县)、绥德县张家圪台、清涧县河口等地连打三个胜仗，最后在横山县董家寺(现属子长县)打垮井岳秀的一个营，粉碎了敌人对陕北的第一次“围剿”。共缴获200多支枪和大量弹药，俘敌100多人，拔掉了很多土豪盘踞的岩堡，克服了由于敌人的进攻而在群众中所造成的恐惧心理，乃至“反水”状况，大长了群众士气，提高了游击队的斗志，增强了武器装备，扩大了革命影响，推动了陕北的游击战争。红三团北上反“围剿”中，高岗师政委的职务被撤，革命责任仍在，大义当先，荣辱不惊，他以参谋长率二团骑兵部队，又一次到宜川、延安、延长、安定、甘泉、安塞、保安等地区奔袭，牵制敌人北上，有力地配合和支持陕北反“围剿”战斗，把延安等地的敌人引向注视南边，放弃了北攻，减轻了陕北的压力，拓宽了以安定为中心的游击区和根据地。骑兵部队行动快速，装备齐全，每人一条枪、一把大刀，奔袭突击，举刀催马，杀声震天，连续袭击了几次敌人。沿路发动群众，扩大红军影响，张贴标语，广泛宣传“打富济贫”，“红军绝对保护人民的利益”，利用田间地头开群众会，宣传革命道理，推翻反动统治的主张，教育人民当家作主，壮大红军和游击队，对这一带群众鼓舞很大。 为巩固陕北第一次反“围剿”成果，帮陕北趁反“围剿”胜利，震慑敌人，开展游击运动，王世泰回南梁后，杨森、高岗率领部队2次到陕北，在地方游击队的配合下，高岗在安定县湫峪沟打垮白军一个新兵连，清涧县折家坪全歼一个连。协助组建陕北红一、二两个团，为红二十七军成立奠定基础。 总之，陕甘对陕北开展游击运动支持帮助很大。自二十六军恢复后，成立了第一路游击队指挥部，并派强世卿、魏武带游击队100多人到陕北开创苏区，接着又派王兆相、杨文谋、王宝珊、杨重远、杨琪等得力干部到陕北创建军队并担任重要领导，在陕北特委领导下，开展轰轰烈烈的游击战争，之后组建红二十七军。1935年，陕甘主力部队开进陕北，和陕北二十七军一起解放大片地区和县城、集镇，打通陕甘与陕北联系。 郭洪涛同志曾在1945年西北局高干会上说：“从全区来说以二十六军为主以陕北为辅，粉碎一二三次围剿来说也是如此。1934年，陕甘派来几次干部，带来正确路线和部队来行动，粉碎第一次围剿。1935年，双方党政军统一以后，工作开展是刘志丹高岗直接领导的。”正是在二十六军的支持，对开辟陕北苏区，发展游击战争做出贡献，为35年解放6县创造了条件。 陕甘边在特委和临时革命委员会、军委会的领导下，加强了党、政、军的建设。根据照金苏区的经验，遵照“7·5”决议，革命委员会决定发布了一系列政策法令，如土地分配政策规定：没收地主富农多余的土地，分配给没地或少地的雇农、贫农和中农，主张联合富农，把大地主和小地主区分开。这里田地多，住户少，因此，不分山地，只分川地；中心地区分地，边境地区不分地，因边境地区政权不巩固，怕分配的土地保不住。没收的牛羊等，全部分配给贫苦农民和红军家属，留一部分公养。 在南梁新苏区，为了发展金融，还发行了布质苏票流通，在白马庙、荔园堡等地成立了集市贸易，交流物资，允许外地商人到苏区做生意。实行保护小商人利益政策，临时革委会还建立牧场，公家饲养牛、羊、马、猪，公养公用；鼓励农民种好土地，保障农民过上好光景。当时，军队用粮，主要取之于豪绅地主，夺之于敌人，向农民收购少量粮食，对于粮食保护，设有流动仓库，分散储存，以防患于未然。 为发展军队，培养军事、政治干部，军委开办了军事政治学校，刘志丹任校长，习仲勋、高岗先后分别任政委。高岗在讲政治课时说，中国农民和小资产阶级人数最多，成为无产阶级和资产阶级双方争夺的主要对象。国民党用压迫、剥削的办法来争夺、征服，我们共产党人用代表和保护他们的权益来争取，把他们从压迫下解放出来。因此，农民和小资产阶级害怕国民党，而热心跟共产党走，这自然成了无产阶级的同盟军，也是我们革命必胜的根本保证。南梁还开办了列宁小学，发展文化教育事业。南梁地区文化很落后，知识分子很少。他们对知识分子只要政治上清白，就信任、培养和利用，用高岗话说，把知识分子当“宝贝”，充分发挥他们的一技之长。 革委会还发布了禁赌、放足、禁烟和发展经济的法令。利民的法令一发布，群众拍手拥护。唯有禁烟令发出后，群众表示反对，种烟是来钱源地，有的人要搬出苏区，他们一是不觉悟，二是他们靠种洋烟维持生活。革委会根据群众觉悟和当地贫困的实际情况，暂时收回禁烟法令，延缓一年执行，以等待群众觉悟。在整个执行政策法令上，本着有利于根据地巩固，争取民心，体现了很大的群众性、灵活性和稳定性、原则性。比如一开始的时候，偏重于照顾雇农，规定给他们发单衣、棉衣、毛巾等物品，后来有些雇农成了公家老人，好吃懒做。革委会改变了办法，帮助他们解决生产、生活上的困难，并规定必须好好劳动生产，广大群众对红军更加热爱，更加拥护了，他们说：“共产党、红军是按实际办事的。”群众对解放妇女非常满意，他们说：“如今的世事大改变，男当红军女宣传，长头发剪成短缨缨，裤子别到大腿弯，走起路来实好看。”南梁地区普遍流传一首《放脚歌》： “天生的大脚多自然，为啥要把脚缠残？好好的骨肉硬缠小，颠颠小脚实难看。脚儿小，腿儿软，难下地，难爬山，打起仗来行走难，实在太悲惨……”。 南梁根据地实行自愿兵役制。苏维埃政府一声动员，群众踊跃自愿报名参军，先在游击队经过一段锻炼和训练，再扩编成正规红军。根据地普遍建立赤卫军和少先队，在此基础上建立游击小组，做为游击队后备军，而游击队是主力红军的后备军。在肃反问题上，刘志丹、高岗对山里的土匪、民团和白军的俘虏，实行不同的政策，区别恶善，起到瓦解敌人，壮大自己的作用，避免了山里山外到处树敌的弊端，使自己有了稳固的根据地。对于极端反动的民愤极大的，又无法改造的，就坚决彻底消灭掉；对于一般的土匪、民团，就采取争取、联合和改造，使他们转向革命，不少人变成革命战士，有的还当了红军的干部；对俘虏又不再当土匪，也不想当红军的，发给路费，打发他们回家；对于同情和靠拢红军的民团，就同他们实行统战，建立友好关系，通过他们购买军火，借武器和地盘、道路，打击极反动的敌人。过去，红军有个别杀俘虏的事发生，使白军官兵非常仇恨红军。自刘、高改变了对待俘虏的政策，不杀俘虏，抓到的俘虏，想尽一些办法，教育、感化、改造他们。在实行这一政策的感召下，不少小股土匪，民团等投降红军，有不少俘虏成了红军的领导干部。对于敌探、奸细分子，证据确凿的坚决镇压，处以死刑，处决罪犯，都经过群众大会通过，不搞暗杀人，有的虽处死刑，若有群众保释的，也可以不杀观其以后表现。原黄龙山土匪头子之一的郭宝珊就是在刘、高实行的军事和肃反正确政策的影响下投降红军的。郭宝珊原是河南人，幼年随父逃荒到陕西黄