Chapter 4 Chapter 3 Establishment of the Independent Armed Forces of the Northwest Party

When the Shaanxi-Gansu Red Army was first established, it had no weapons, and its military activities depended on infiltrating the warlords to work as soldiers and junior officers, developing underground party organizations, studying military affairs, training cadres, waiting for opportunities to stage military violence, seizing weapons, and building up their own armed forces. In the spring of 1929, under the influence of the Nanchang and Autumn Harvest Uprising and the establishment of a base in Jinggangshan, the Special Committee of Northern Shaanxi held an enlarged meeting of the Special Committee in Cuiran Pavilion (Hongshixia) of Xiongshan Temple in the north of Yulin City and decided to launch an armed uprising.The meeting criticized Yang Guodong, the head of the Special Committee, for his right-leaning and negative mistakes.The meeting decided that in the future the Party's work should be shifted from the peasant movement and the student movement to the military movement, focusing on armed struggle, and Liu Zhidan would serve as the Secretary of the Military Commission.After the meeting, Liu Zhidan went to Yan'an for inspection, and held a report meeting at Liu Xi, the secret organ of the Yan'an party organization, to his family.Gao Gang and Li Fuhua reported the situation to Liu Zhidan, Feng Shiguang, Liu Xixiang, Wu Hongbin, Du Shouzhi, Gao Pengfei and others attended the meeting.At the meeting, Liu Zhidan conveyed the spirit of the Hongshixia Conference "Party members go to the army and cultivate a revolutionary military foundation in the Northwest".He said that Mao Zedong and Zhu De established the Red Army of Workers and Peasants in Jinggang Mountains and opened up base areas, which is the road of Chinese revolution and the road of revolution for the people in northern Shaanxi; transfer the peasant movement and student movement to the work of the military movement, and require party members and comrades to win over the reactionaries. To build an underground guerrilla group, find ways to raise funds, and arrest wealthy gentry to extort money.The spirit conveyed by Liu Zhidan hit Gao Gang's heart, just like rain after a long drought.Gao Gang said at the meeting: The revolution must grasp the barrel of the gun, break into the enemy camp to pull the gun, combine the gun barrel with the peasants, master the armed forces, and attack the enemy, otherwise there is no way out.Our policy for penetrating into the enemy's interior is to "drill in, stand firm, climb up, and pull out".He also said: "The situation in Shaanxi is the same as what Mao Zedong said. Overthrowing imperialism, warlords, and evil gentry is the main task of the national revolution."The meeting researched and deployed the work in Yan'an area, and decided that Li Fuhua, the general manager of Yan'an area, would also be in charge of Yan'an County; Feng Shiguang was in charge of Yanchang County; Wang Shitai in Luochuan County was in charge; Cao Chuben in Bao'an County was in charge; Mrs. Xue came to take charge.In Gao Shuangcheng's department, Gao Gang, Li Hanfang, Gao Pengfei, etc. were responsible for the military movement, also known as the military group.After the meeting, Gao Gang and Li Hanfang, who were in charge of the military movement work in the Gao Shuangcheng Department of the Kuomintang in Yan'an, studied the military movement work with Liu Zhidan in Gao Chongyi's small shop, and decided to carry out a mutiny in the Gao Shuangcheng Department. After the victory of the riot, the troops were pulled to the Guerrilla warfare in the Erjiangchuan area of ​​Baoan County.

Gao Gang is the head of the underground military group of Gao Shuangcheng's Ministry. He used his position as secretary of the brigade as a cover to lead the military group and the underground party members of the army to actively launch a mutiny.In order to send weapons to the underground guerrilla, Gao Gang obtained Gao Shuangcheng's agreement to send troops out. The "nest bandits" team sent weapons and ammunition to the underground armed forces in the name of failure, and took the troops away as "captured", ready to cooperate and respond. Yan'an mutiny, a small number of people fled back to Yan'an to report, Gao Gang pretended to do comfort work to Gao Shuangcheng.At the same time, as secretary of the brigade (regiment attached), he had extensive contact with the upper-level figures of the 86th Division of the Kuomintang, and he pulled relationships and carried out united front work, which helped Yan'an and the 22nd Army of the Kuomintang in Yulin to carry out anti-Japanese unification during the Anti-Japanese War. Lay the groundwork.

At that time, Hengshan was a reactionary country gentry, colluded with the government and the army, captured Gao Gang everywhere, and tried all despicable means to arrest Gao Gang's uncle Gao Zhongkui on charges of fabricating Gao Gang as a "bandit" and hiding guns at home. , Gao Zhong took the hostage, escorted Hengshan Public Security Bureau to prison.The Public Security Bureau ordered him to retrieve Gao Gang, and enticed Gao Gang to come back with a heavy responsibility, otherwise he and the two of them would be severely punished.His uncle reported the situation to Gao Gang in a trustee.When Gao Gang received the letter, he flew into a rage before reading it, tore the letter into pieces, and said repeatedly: "Is it possible that I have been a revolution for a few years, and then become a counter-revolutionary? I can't do it!" "Revolutions can't be lingering. "It showed a firm revolutionary sentiment and the integrity of a Communist Party member.

During Gao Gang’s entry into Gao Shuangcheng’s Ministry, in addition to secretly organizing a mutiny with underground party members such as Li Hanfang (the battalion commander at the time), Li Miaozhai (that is, Wang Zhixian), and Liu Jingming, he also went to Yan’an No. 4 Middle School to engage in student movements. Basketball, football and other activities, extensively make friends.Through his fellow worker Yao Anji (a member of the Communist Party), he recruited party members in the school, planned a student movement, publicized the revolution to cope with the mutiny, made friends with some school intellectuals, used the school mimeograph equipment, personally carved wax boards, printed and distributed letters from superiors, and publicity materials. Contact the county branches to provide propaganda materials for the underground guerrilla forces.He and Yao Anji established a deep revolutionary friendship. The two of them often talked and worked together, and engaged in propaganda. When Yao asked Gao Gang to go back to his hometown, he went to Zhenchuan to buy some dry stoves and try them. "I heard that your dry stoves are delicious."

In the winter of this year, Gao Gang launched an organized mutiny in the Gaoshuangcheng Department, and he was already sure. He also contacted the Xihekou, Gaoqiao, and Liandaowan underground guerrillas in the Ansai area and the Gelaohui to cooperate and pull out the troops to seize weapons.At a critical moment, he was betrayed by a traitor, saying that Gao Gang was the Communist Party, planning a military mutiny...and destroying the Yan'an mutiny plan.Gao Shuangcheng ordered the arrest of Gao Gang and other Communists and progressives.Gao Gang went to Yao Anji, a native of the city, and said, "There is a traitor in the party. I have been betrayed. The army decided to arrest me." , dare not go out during the day.The three city gates were closed, the city walls were heavily guarded, pedestrians were identified, and the interrogation was extremely strict. "Arrest Gao Mazi", rumors of Gao Gang's arrest in the city became louder and louder.As a cook, Yao Anji took the opportunity of buying vegetables and firewood to observe the sentry post and the height of the city wall. He chose to find a sewage hole at the bottom of the city wall in front of an ancestral temple on the Yanhe River opposite Qingliang Mountain, and there was a lot of garbage piled up at the bottom. A few iron pillars are installed at the entrance of the cave. The stone has been corroded for many years, and the iron pillars are not tightly clamped.One night after people fell asleep at night, Yao Anji used fire pillars to widen the stone gaps, tilted the iron pillars, and Gao Gang climbed out of the sewage hole.This was the second time Gao Gang survived five catastrophes and narrow escapes.The Yan'an District Committee was betrayed by traitors and was severely destroyed. Most of the party members fled, some were arrested, some surrendered, and some were killed. The whole city was filled with white terror.Communist Party member Wang Zhihuan (the company commander of Gao Shuangcheng's department at the time) and his wife Wang Caiyun (the underground party liaison officer at the time) were brutally killed for communicating to the underground party.The district committee was destroyed, the mutiny failed, and the county branches were paralyzed.

After Yang Zhifang fled famine and arrived in Yan'an, Gao Gang arranged to live in a large family named Shi. The son she brought down from Hengshan refused to accept the soil and died young.Gao Gang escaped from the city, and entrusted Wu Shanyang (from Hengshan Wuzhen) to take Yang away overnight without even telling the landlord.Yang Zhifang was a woman with small feet and it was difficult for her to walk long distances. Gao Gang bought a horse with the money he brought with him and sent Yang Zhifang to Anding County.Because he did not dare to walk on the main road and walked around the mountain road, the horse slipped on the road and fell into the mudflat and drowned.They walked to Zhou Shenghua's house in Xinyaowan for two days, and Yang Zhifang was sent by Wu Shanyang to live in Yangjiamao's mother's house in Wujiapo.Gao Gang passed by Ansai, Hu Liting, Xue Yingchang (later mutiny) and others took the underground guerrillas (falsely accused of bandits) to Baoan Erjiang to find Liu Zhidan, and together they carried out revolutionary activities, instigated a mutiny, seized guns, and developed armed forces.The enemy learned that Gao Gang's relatives lived in Xinyaowan, and went to Zhou Shenghua's home twice in a row to arrest him. Zhou's family hid in the mountains, and the house was ransacked.

Communists Liu Zhidan, Xie Zichang, Gao Gang, etc. learned the experience of guerrilla warfare led by Mao Zedong and Zhu De in the south, summed up the lessons from the failure of many armed mutinies in Qingjian, Weihua, Xunyi, Yan'an and other places, and insisted on the correct direction and road , in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area, fully develop the armed forces controlled by the Communist Party itself. From the autumn of 1929 to the spring of 1930, Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan formed an anti-Chiang alliance, and the Central Plains War broke out between Jiang, Feng and Yan. Feng Yuxiang transferred his direct troops to join the war.During this period, the warlords of all provinces in the Northwest were running around to expand their power.In order to expand its power, the Kuomintang's Gansu warlord Su Yusheng's Fourth Cavalry Division reorganized two new brigades, the eighth brigade and the ninth brigade, and recruited troops everywhere.Taking advantage of Su Yusheng's opportunity to expand the army, the Northern Shaanxi Special Committee sent Gao Gang, Zhang Dongjiao, He Jinnian, Zhang Xiushan, Gao Kunshan, Cao Huashan, Bai Baiqi, Cao Bingkui, Shi Fazhi, Chang Huanzhang and other more than 50 Communist Party members He and the revolutionary youth went to Ligangbao, Yaofubao, Gulianfang, and Shizijunbu in Pingluo County, Ningxia to serve as soldiers to carry out the party's underground activities and military operations, preparing to seize guns, pull away the team, and go to Qiaoshan mountainous area to fight guerrillas war.Xie Zichang and Liu Zhidan went first and served as deputy brigade commander of the Ninth Brigade and deputy commander of the Eighth Brigade and Sixteenth Regiment.Then, Zhang Dongjiao and others returned to northern Shaanxi to communicate with Jing Yuexiu on the issue of military expansion, and brought Wu Shicai, Li Youzhu, Li Guichun, Wei Changchun, Wei Changcheng and other party members and youths to the 15th Regiment of the Eighth Brigade, which governed four companies There are party and league members, all from northern Shaanxi.Gao Gang and Zhang Dongjiao were sent to the 15th Regiment of Wang Ziyuan, which was more sympathetic to the Communist Party in Shizijun's brigade, and established a brigade of apprentices (that is, the teaching team). Li Youzhu served as the chief of staff, Huang Yuhua served as the secretary, and Lu Ziyuan, Chang Chailiang, Niu Huadong, etc. gave military lectures.They established a secret special branch of the CCP’s underground party (also known as the Military Commission) in the military academy. Zhang Dongjiao and Gao Gang served as the chief and deputy secretaries, under the leadership of the Northern Shaanxi Special Committee.Soon, Liu and Xie left Su Yusheng's department.Under the leadership of Zhang Dongjiao and Gao Gang, revolutionary activities were carried out in Su Yusheng's department. They cleverly used the strategy of the united front, used relatives and friends, social and military relations, and other Kuomintang military activities to carry out the work of winning, reforming and dividing, and established The secret organization developed Yang Lin, Cao Shengrong, Li Xiangming, Li Zhongying, etc. as party members, and flexibly used the contradictions in the warlord army and various social classes to serve the revolution. More importantly, the student soldiers learned the principles of united front work through activities and contacts. Methods, get to know people from all walks of life, and train and train a group of cadres.They organize party members and young people, unite and support more progressive and less harmful forces to fight the most reactionary forces.For example, using the power of Chen Guizhang, who was more enlightened at the time, to oppose the most reactionary bully Zhang Tingzhi's regiment (the 16th regiment of Shi Zijun's brigade) on the Shaanxi-Gansu border.Under the leadership of Zhang Dongjiao and Gao Gang, the military's political and cultural life was very active. It often held study meetings, seminars, lectures on politics, discussed communism, sang revolutionary songs, organized Yangko teams, and wrote poems and paintings to praise Working people, to expose the criminal acts of the reactionaries exploiting the people and oppressing the soldiers.The officers and soldiers of the cadet army are equal, respect and love each other, which is in stark contrast to the situation where the warlords deducted military pay and beat and scolded soldiers.

In the summer of 1930, the Soviet Union was ordered by Feng Yuxiang to move to Pingliang. Halfway there, Pingliang was occupied by Chen Guizhang's troops. When the Eighth and Ninth Brigades of the Soviet Union returned to Ningxia, they were attacked by Ma Hongbin's troops. Feeling that he had no future with Su Yusheng, he announced his separation from the Soviet Union in Ning'an Fort, confiscated some tattered weapons from the Soviet Ministry's ordnance department, and went to Luoshan.Everyone said: "We are also heroes who are forced to go to Liangshan."It was extremely difficult to live in the Luoshan army. The cadet team had no good weapons, and there was no food or clothing. The chief of staff, Li Shulin (that is, Youzhu), ran around all day for logistics supplies. He cut and rubbed half-ripe barley and fried it. With a half-fed meal and no clothes or shoes, Gao Gang struggled to walk barefoot on hot stones and thorny grass. Li Shulin gave Gao Gang the pair of shoes he brought. , Gao Gang was moved and said: "This is a gift from Hot Li".The soldiers of the whole team were moved to praise Li Shulin for giving a pair of new shoes to the captain when he was extremely difficult, which was both emotional and memorable.It is exactly "eat a mouthful when you are hungry, and eat a bucket when you are full".Until the liberation of the whole country, when Gao Gang, Li Shulin and other cadets met in Beijing, they still talked about this shoe delivery.In June and July, the 15th Regiment of the 9th Brigade and the 8th Brigade (there were two regiments in each brigade at the time, and the 16th Regiment of the 8th Brigade had been taken away from northern Shaanxi by Zhang Tingzhi) was incorporated into the Eighth Division of Lei Zhongtian by Wang Zhen, acting chairman of Gansu Province. It was reorganized into the third brigade, moved to Jingyuan, and then moved to Dingxi.Shi Zijun served as the brigade commander of the third brigade, and Wang Ziyuan was still the head of the regiment. In fact, the Wang regiment only had three companies and a student team. The cadet team with stronger regiment strength was disbanded, and the members were assigned to various companies, and some were expelled from the army.Gao Gang was extremely resentful of Shi Zijun's domineering style of opposing Wang Ziyuan and crowding out Communist Party members and progressive young people. When Shi Zijun cut off Wang Ziyuan's support, Gao Gang and the soldiers couldn't even change single clothes. The struggle of "supporting the king and opposing stones" has been carried forward, and the spirit of hard and brave struggle and the art of struggle have been carried forward.After a struggle, Shi Zijun had no choice but to agree to set up a student company and appoint Gao Gang as the company commander. He only gave an empty sign, no soldiers, no guns, and asked Gao Gang to go to northern Shaanxi to recruit people by himself.

During this period, Gao Gang talked to Cao Youshen, Chief of Staff of the brigade (Cao was Gao's teacher in Yuzhong) many times to study countermeasures.And asked Cao to try to protect and support those who stayed in the team and eliminate the crisis.Cao promised to find a way, and said: "If you have any major actions, please tell me."They also asked Gao Gang to confirm that a special person would contact him frequently. Before Gao Gang left the army, he used two nights to discuss research issues at Cao Youshen's home, and appointed Li Shulin as the CCP organization to contact Cao Youshen.According to Gao Gang's suggestion, Cao Youcan resigned from the post of chief of staff of the brigade and formed an independent battalion of new recruits. He served as the battalion commander himself. , Laying the foundation for the subsequent uprising.Arranged Niu Huadong, Li Shulin and other party backbones to lurk in the 11th Brigade of the Kuomintang (formerly the 3rd Brigade) for a long time to carry out united front work, so that the Red Army and later the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region maintained a good relationship with the 11th Brigade. Also maintain regular correspondence. In the autumn of 1943, because the 11th Brigade refused to listen to dispatch and "friction" with the Eighth Route Army was weak, the KMT withdrew food and salaries, and couldn't even change cotton-padded clothes in winter, making the economy extremely difficult.The government of the border region was in extreme financial difficulties, and approved by Gao Gang, gave 300,000 French currency to the 11th Brigade as a show of concern.Cao Youcan recounted this incident at the officer-soldier meeting, and the officers and soldiers were greatly encouraged to strengthen the united front work.The 11th Brigade revolted in the winter of 1945. This was the first uprising in the Northwest region with a brigade as a unit.Mao Zedong called the uprising a "locomotive".This uprising shocked the Hu Zongnan Group and dealt a heavy blow to the rule of the Kuomintang reactionaries in the Northwest.

In the autumn of 1930, Gao Gang and Chen Guobin left Gansu and returned to northern Shaanxi. They actively recruited troops to expand their ranks, and sent Zhang Zhiming and others into the Jingyuexiu Department of Yulin to carry out military operations and prepare to draw human guns from the enemy.He secretly sneaked into Shenmu Gao Shixiu's department and the underground party to study and instigate the uprising of the pistol team and expand the student company.After the pistol team pulled out, they marched westward to the Anbian area and failed.Soon, the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee transferred back to the Military Commission of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee to be responsible for the work of military transportation and the transportation work of the Provincial Party Committee.He successively went to the Yang Hucheng Department in Xi'an, Hanzhong, the southern part of Huzong in Gansu, and the Jingyuexiu Department in northern Shaanxi to do military work and develop underground party organizations.On the Shaanxi-Gansu border, he contacted Liu Zhidan, Xie Zichang, Xi Zhongxun and others to launch a mutiny, seize weapons, and establish an independent armed force led by the Communist Party.

In the first month of the lunar calendar in 1931, the troops were reorganized and marched towards Nanliang. They marched to Zhangpiyuan, Ning County, and fought against Chen Guizhang's troops. The troops were disbanded.Liu Zhidan took some party members and fighters to Xiaoshiya to engage in united front relations with Luo Liancheng, the head of the regiment and elder brother of the brotherhood. Luo Liancheng took in the wounded and sick, and supported Zhidan with some weapons.Liu Zhidan also sent Ma Xiwu, Chen Hongbin, Gu Lianfang and others to establish relations with Su Yusheng, and temporarily organized a small part of Liu Zhidan's guerrillas into a supplementary regiment of Su Yusheng's department.The initial establishment of the supplementary regiment was basically empty shelf.Gao Gang went to Zhitian to actively assist Zhidan to rest and reorganize the troops in the working field, raise food and funds, gather Zhang Piyuan's scattered personnel, expand the team, and wait for the opportunity to pull the team away.After hard work, in a short period of time, the supplementary group has grown to more than 200 people, including more than 30 Communist Party members. In April 1931, Gao Gang participated in the plenary meeting held by the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee to fight against Zhang Wenhua and Zhang Ziping, and further discussed and determined the policy of establishing his own armed forces and launching guerrilla warfare.The meeting decided that Gao Gang would work in the Military Commission, be responsible for military transport and provincial party committee transportation, and carry out the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrilla warfare.After the meeting, Gao Gang was sent to Zhitian Town as an inspector to contact Liu Zhidan about the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrilla war, and conveyed the instructions of the provincial party committee: "Use the name of the supplementary regiment to expand the team as soon as possible, and actively prepare to fly the red flag." The provincial party committee The instructions are brought out in snack boxes.Liu Zhidan and Gao Gang convened a branch meeting to conduct research, and decided to expand their strength as soon as possible, do a good job in the ideological work of soldiers, cultivate activists, develop party members, strengthen organizational strength, prepare for an uprising, and raise the red flag.On the issue of how to expand their power, they studied and adopted the policy of dividing and winning over small groups of bandits, militias, and Gelaohui, and assigned some cadres and party members to work in the bandits, militia groups, and Gelaohui, trying to persuade them to change and even go to revolution.At that time, it was called the "three-color" military movement (that is, the establishment of the Red Army is called red, the military movement of the white army is called white, and the banditry is divided into gray), seize weapons, isolate and attack reactionary guys, and even eliminate them.Gao Gang was responsible for restoring Liu Zhidan's party membership (previously, the Northern Shaanxi Special Committee was expelled from the party because Liu insisted on engaging in military and armed forces among warlords and bandits). (See "Liu Zhidan and Gao Gang's Revolutionary Military Activities" saved in the Provincial Archives). As a representative of the provincial party committee, he successively went to Gansu and northern Shaanxi to lead the military movement work.Once he was arrested by Hu Jingtong's subordinates in Anbian, and was released on bail after negotiating with Cao Liru (a member of the Communist Party), the head of the security militia.This is Gao Gang's third narrow escape.He said humorously to Cao Liru: "With the support of noble people, we can turn dangers into blessings along the way." From 1929 to 1931, in a difficult and complicated working environment, our party used the United Front policy to unite and support relatively progressive reactionary forces that combated the resentment of the masses, and won over the strength of some militias, bandits, and Gelaohui. Come over and adapt to the ranks of the revolution.At that time, when the enemy was strong and we were weak, it was feasible to implement this policy, which was consistent with Mao Zedong's views on developing and strengthening the Red Army during the Jinggangshan period.Mao Zedong once said a meaningful sentence: "Yang Hucheng also graduated from Huanglongshan." Many bandits and militias were neutral and sympathetic, and lent guns, food, roads, and money to the guerrillas, and informed the guerrillas. News, receiving and recuperating the sick and wounded. In the 1930s, there were many Gelaohui organizations in the Shaanxi-Gansu border area, with a wide range of activities. They were a great potential force. Most of them joined the group to protect life and property.Liu Zhidan was introduced by Ma Haiwang, the leader of the wharf, to join the Gelaohui, known as Uncle Liu of the Northwest Church.Liu and Gao used their status as members of the elder brother association to unite such "leaders", "uncles" and "kings of the mountain" to fight for jobs and educate them to take the revolutionary road. To expand its strength, Ma Xiwu, the leader, led more than a hundred members to participate in the revolution in the spring of 1930 after publicity and education.Li Zhongying, the leader of Anding County, led his troops to participate in the revolution. In 1936, he served as the commander of the 29th Red Army. Ma Xiwu became the chairman of the Shaanxi-Gansu Border Soviet Government and the president of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border District Court.During the founding period, members of the Gelaohui did a lot of useful work for the revolution, fighting local tyrants, dividing fields, donating guns, donating food, joining the army to fight, going out to buy weapons, giving information to the Red Army, and serving as scouts.Haiwang's house became a military post for the Red Army, and later became a model worker in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, the deputy director of the National Progressive Brothers and Elders Association, and the deputy director of the Chinese Salvation Association in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.Mao Zedong highly praised in the "Declaration" issued to the National Gelao Association on July 15, 1936: "Liu Zhidan, Xie Zichang, Gao Gang and other comrades are not only the leaders of the Red Army, but also models in the Gelao Association." In May 1931, when Liu Zhidan was working in Tianzhen, in order to mobilize the masses, expand the team, organize poor peasants to fight for the rich and help the poor, and to eat food from big households, he sent Chen Hongbin, the deputy of the supplementary regiment, to ask the local big gentry Liu Rixin for 20 shi of grain, and delivered it within a time limit. He hanged himself after being kicked and beaten by soldiers when he touched Chen's department.Landlords and gentry in this area took advantage of this to make a big fuss, and jointly reported to the Kuomintang Shaanxi Provincial Government and the Provincial Party Headquarters (Liu Rixin's son was an officer in the provincial Party Headquarters) that Liu Zhidan was a Communist Party member and was preparing for a mutiny.So Su Yusheng lured Liu Zhidan to Bin County to be arrested and imprisoned according to the instructions of the Provincial Party Headquarters, and sent troops to hand over the guns of the supplementary regiment, and organized the personnel into a transport team of the Soviet Union, with Wei Youmin and Liu Yueshan as the principal and deputy captains.The Communist Party member Shi Zhicai went to Xi'an and Liu Yingsheng to report the situation to the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. The Provincial Committee immediately instructed Nan Hanchen (a member of the Communist Party of China) who was then secretary-general of the Kuomintang provincial government, and Du Bincheng, a senior counselor of the Military Commission Gao Gang's activities Yang Hucheng, to rescue Liu Zhidan.Gao Gang and Ma Zhizhen first went to Bin County to actively take rescue measures, visited Zhidan in the prison through their connections, observed the terrain, and ordered Liu Jingfan and other organizations to prepare for the prison robbery.At the same time, he instructed the underground party members of Su Yusheng's department and through the activities of the progressive forces of the Su department to put pressure on Su, so that Su Yusheng's subordinates complained that Su should not arrest Liu and delay the time.The Provincial Party Headquarters urgently ordered Su Yusheng twice in a row to escort Liu to the provincial government for punishment.Su was about to be escorted, but the Provincial Party Committee issued an urgent order to execute Liu Zhidan on the spot.Zhidan was not afraid, and said to the comrades who came to visit: "You tell Gao Gang... I was murdered, and I will die if I want to die. I will never implicate any comrades. Tell him to be careful." The order to execute Liu Zhidan was stunned. After killing Su Yusheng, he didn't dare to let him go, and he didn't have time to send him off, and he couldn't bear to kill him in his hands.When he was in a dilemma, Du Bincheng was ordered by Yang Hucheng to inspect Bin County, and ordered Su to release Liu Zhidan, which cost Liu Zhidan his life. Gao Gang, Zhidan and others lived in a small shop in Binxian County. Du Bincheng went to visit and gave advice face to face, saying: "You should stand on the front line, not the back line; you should stand on the long line, not the short line. (Later, the short-term refers to the Kuomintang)." Gao Gang conveyed the instructions of the Provincial Party Committee to Liu Zhidan and others, planning to instigate a mutiny plan for five brigades in Gansu. Negotiations, nearly a thousand armed hungry people in Li Peixiao, Ning County, will be reorganized into a brigade, temporarily returned to the Chen Department, and pulled out later to raise the red flag.Chen Guizhang's adjutant Li Qinfu (Zhidan's fellow villager) went to Tianjin to buy weapons for Chen, and when he passed by Bin County, he was also detained by Su Yusheng and imprisoned.Gao Gang, Liu Zhidan and Li Qinfu talked, and Li invited Gao Gang and Liu Zhidan to work together in the Ministry of Chen in Pingliang, so the two parties coincided with each other.Du Bincheng's secretary Ji Boxiong arranged for the two of them to go to Pingliang together in Li Qinfu's weapon transport vehicle.Bai Guanwu, an underground party member of the Soviet Union, was sent to the Great Buddha Temple in Bin County.Liu Zhidan presented a poem to Bai Guanwu as parting farewell: "The heart is longing to tell the king, the fifth middle school is dedicated to the future, and the west goes out to Yangguan to fight crabs, and the sun rises in the east and the earth is red." Gao Gang changed two words and handed it to Bai Guanwu.When they went to Pingliang, they were actively recommended by Chen Guizhang's garrison chief Liu Baotang (security guard). Deputy brigade commander, stationed in Zhengning and Ningxian County, Gansu Province, Gao Gang actively helped Liu Zhidan recruit and expand the armed forces, and the army soon grew to more than 300 people.Gao Gang continued to engage in military movement in the Pingliang area, and carried out the mutiny instructions of the 5 brigades of the provincial party committee. During this period, Du Bincheng suggested to Yang Hucheng and Deng Baoshan that they should engage in a Northwest alliance, otherwise they would not be able to defeat Chiang Kai-shek.Yang and Deng shared the same feeling, and formed the intention to win over the armed forces of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, and Xin to unite with the CCP's armed forces, and strive to realize the intention of "returning to the Han family, integrating Shaanxi and Gansu, opening up Xinjiang, and tying up the Soviet Union."In order to realize this intention, Du Bincheng traveled to Gansu and Qinghai several times to discuss and communicate with military and political dignitaries and various powerful factions. In the autumn of 1931, Du Bincheng went to Gansu twice, intending to use the strength of Yang and Deng to first realize the "integration of Shaanxi and Gansu", and then expand to Qinghai and Ningxia.He first went to Pingliang to contact Chen Guizhang, the 13th Division of the Newly Reorganized Division stationed in Pingliang, who was independent and had connections with the Communist guerrillas.Gao Gang waited until Du's residence to visit and talk.Du disclosed to them the message of the Northwest University United "Open the back door and close the front door."Du Bincheng's strategy is magnificent and the demeanor of a statesman has greatly benefited from broadening Gao Gang's horizons.He hoped so.However, he believes that the warlord leaders in the Northwest have no patriotic ideology, they paint the land as a prison, each dominates one side, factions have disputes, and each has different ideas. They all want to be the emperor of the country.After talking, the friendship between them deepened. Not long after, Gao Gang returned to northern Shaanxi to engage in military activities, and was arrested and sentenced to death in Anding. Fortunately, his comrades managed to rescue him, and fled back to Xi'an in disguise. During Gao Gang's military and transportation work, with his alertness, courage, composure, insight, and eloquence, he ran across the Shaanxi-Gansu border, entered and exited enemy camps, and staged mutinies; Mobilize the masses; transmit information, pass through checkpoints and avoid many hidden reefs under the strict surveillance of the enemy, and make no mistakes on the front line of "come invisible, go invisible", ensuring that the provincial party committee and the following " "Blood Channel", and at the same time, exercised oneself in the struggle against the enemy. After Du Bincheng was killed by the Kuomintang, in October 1948, all walks of life in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region held a memorial service for Mr. Du Bincheng. Gao Gang sent condolences from the Northeast: "Mourning Mr. Bincheng: Mr. Du Bincheng is a loyal friend of our party. He has worked tirelessly for the cause of people's democracy and made a lot of contributions. Therefore, he has won the sympathy and love of the people in the Northwest. Mr. Du's will to fight for truth and justice is indeed a model for all democrats in the country. Du Bincheng's death is a loss for the cause of new democracy in China today. We will continue to work hard to win the country, punish the murderers, and comfort the heroes." The Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish workers' and peasants' armed forces on the Shaanxi-Gansu border relying on the Qiaoshan Mountains to develop guerrilla warfare.At the same time, it was decided that the communists who had been ambushing in the ranks of the Shaanxi-Gansu warlords were all ready to mutiny and dragged out several brigades of troops to Qiaoshan to establish a base.When Gao Gang summed up the experiences and lessons of the Peasant Movement and Military Movement in the 1942 senior cadre meeting, he said that although some temporary victories were achieved, some experience was gained, and a group of cadres were trained, most of them failed in the end.At that time, the provincial party committee's mutiny plan was influenced by the left-leaning line, and it was very blind. Most of them were single-handed, and the tendency was from purely agricultural movement to pure military. The peasants were not fully mobilized, and the mutiny and the peasant movement could not be combined. There is no guerrilla support, lack of experience in guerrilla warfare, "only know how to fight, but not swim", and do not rely on the countryside well. At that time, there was insufficient understanding of the importance of the combination of guns and farmers, and the measures were not lawful. What kind of "action committee" was established to establish three armies in northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong, and Gansu, and one-sidedly emphasized red terror against white terror. Scholar girls are accustomed to advocating the spirit of thugs and shrews."The farmers and soldiers in Xunyi, Hengshan, Suide and Liquan, Fufeng, Liangdang, Jingyuan and other places rioted and did not unite well because they did not launch peasant land struggles. Gao Gang launched a mutiny in the White Army in the Longdong area according to the mutiny plan of the provincial party committee. Although he made great efforts and painstaking efforts, the uprising failed.During this period, Liu Zhidan went from Binxian County to Pingliang under Chen Guizhang's division. He took the designation of the 11th Brigade and served as the commander of the brigade. He was stationed in Zaosheng Town, Zhaning County.Gao Guangren, who had mutinied from Jingyuexiu, defected to Chen Guizhang, reorganized the Thirteenth Brigade and was stationed in Zaosheng, then mutinied and detained Liu Zhidan, and handed over the guns of the Eleventh Brigade. lost.Later, Gao Guangren's brigade was defeated by the Jiang Yuntai Brigade of the Chen Department. Jiang Yuntai planned to arrest Liu Zhidan on the grounds that Liu Zhidan had lost his early victory. His old friend Liu Baotang told Liu Zhidan that Liu fled on a rainy night and entered the area of ​​Linjinmiao (now Linzhen Township, Huachi County) in Nanliang District. During the campaign, Gao Gang assisted in taking in the scattered people, and recruited some hungry people, small traders, handicraft workers, officers and soldiers from the uprising, and bandits near Nanliang, as well as Hu Liting, Zhao Lianbi, Yang Peisheng, Jia Shengcai and other small armed groups , Reorganized a Nanliang guerrilla force of more than 300 people.Through many failures, he found the experience and the right direction to carry out guerrilla warfare. In the autumn and winter of 1931, after Yan Hongyan, Yang Chongyuan and others led the Shanxi guerrillas across the river from Shanxi, they incorporated the armed caravans led by Shi Chujie and others, and moved to Heshui County via Anding County, where they met with Zhidan's armed forces at Lin Jinmiao.The Provincial Party Committee paid close attention to these two troops, hoping to change the previous methods of "raising fish with water" and "laying eggs with chickens" in accordance with the rapidly changing revolutionary situation, openly raised the red flag, and established a formal Red Army armed with The peasant movement united to carry out rural guerrilla warfare, fight the rich and help the poor, "raise chickens to lay eggs", "raise fish in livestock and water", expand armed forces, and establish base areas. In October, according to the instructions of the Provincial Party Committee, Xie Zichang and Gao Gang were responsible for organizing the three troops of Liu Zhidan, Yang Chongyuan, and Liu Baotang to carry out guerrilla campaigns.Zichang and Gao Gang learned about the military situation of Chen Guizhang's troops in Pingliang, and launched a mutiny on camera.They lived in the Dongguan Hotel for more than half a month, conducting social investigations.An important member of the Kuomintang held a public meeting in Pingliang to give lectures. Zichang and Gao Gang dressed as businessmen and walked around the venue in a grand manner.After that, he and Zichang went to Nanliang to hold a meeting of party members and established a guerrilla committee.Under the joint efforts of Liu, Xie, and Gao, 18 people including Liu, Xie, Gao, Liu Baotang, and Yang Chongyuan swore to worship. Liu Zhidan wrote "Jinlan Pu", which combined the three armed forces with the method of worshiping incense and seeking the Lord to survive. , Temporarily assigned to Chen Guizhang's department, in order to receive food and clothing for the winter.But what flag are you flying?Disputes arose over where to station, and it was impossible to decide for a while, so the team committee decided to send Gao Gang back to Xi'an to report to the provincial party committee; Liu Baotang asked Chen Guizhang for instructions in Pingliang.In order to wait for the instructions of the provincial party committee, the troops temporarily stayed in Xinbao, Qingyang County.Liu Baotang said meaningfully at the time: "It is worthwhile to associate with you. These people will be important people in the Northwest in the future." Liu Baotang's prediction was far-sighted. After Gao Gang returned to Xi'an, Chen Guizhang was assassinated by Sun Weiru's subordinate Yang Ziheng when he went to Lanzhou, which shocked Liu Baotang greatly. On the issue of what flag to fly and where to station, he said to Liu Xiegao: It's up to you to decide. After the "September 18th" incident, great changes took place in class relations in Northwest China. Anti-Japanese tendencies emerged within the ruling class, and the middle and lower classes demanded resistance to Japan. Cooperative Anti-Japanese Negotiations, and many local celebrities demanded anti-Japanese and approached the Communists.Gao Gang saw that students from Xi'an, Hanzhong, and Weibei organized anti-Japanese groups, staged demonstrations, and smashed the Kuomintang party headquarters.Students from Xi'an surrounded the residences of important officials from Nanjing, expelled Dai Jitao, and burned cars. He felt that the people's anti-Japanese sentiment was increasing, and it was a good time to develop armed forces, and actively advocated the development of anti-Japanese forces.However, under the influence of the left-leaning line, the leaders of the provincial party committee practiced closed-doorism and rejected the united front. The progressive officers of the White Army came to discuss cooperation and refused to negotiate; Missed opportunity. In November, the Provincial Party Committee decided to formally establish the Shaanxi-Gansu People's Armed Forces in accordance with the policy of "arming the people of the whole country to carry out national revolutionary wars and oppose Japanese imperialism" proposed by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. .Gao Gang reported the activities of the Nanliang organization to the Provincial Party Committee.Based on Gao Gang's report on the situation in Shaanxi and Gansu, the Provincial Party Committee decided to establish an independent armed force led by the Communist Party of China. In December, Gao Gang returned to Newcastle to convey the instructions of the provincial party committee.According to the instructions, according to the changes in the national and northwest revolutionary situation after the "September 18" incident, the Provincial Party Committee decided that the troops would break away from the Kuomintang troops and arm themselves independently.The Provincial Party Committee also decided to reorganize the troops drawn out as the "Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army." At the end of December, the troops left Xinbao and Yuele, went south along Wuziling, and traveled to Liucunyuan in Qingyang, defeating the resistance of two companies of Chen Guizhang's department. In January 1932, he arrived at Chaiqiaozi Village, Zhengning County and was stationed. Based on the team led by Liu Zhidan and the Shanxi guerrillas, he formed the Northwest Anti-Imperialist Allied Army. The flag shook the enemy a lot.After Liu Zhidan, Xie Zichang, and Gao Gang's long-term struggle, an anti-imperialist and anti-Japanese armed force led by the Communist Party of Northwest China was successfully born.Zichang and Zhidan served as the principal and deputy conductors.There are two detachments under its jurisdiction, and Gao Gang is the instructor (also known as political commissar) of the second brigade of the second detachment. When the "Allied Army" was established, a telegram was sent calling on all armed forces in the Northwest to unite to resist Japan and save the country.部队在短期内发展到500多人。 同盟军成立后，在三嘉原上和杨虎城部队第一次交战，旗开得胜，击败了杨部的一个团，缴获了大量武器和装备、战马，大长“同盟军”的士气，对当地群众鼓舞很大。 西北反帝同盟军在三嘉原驻扎期间，高岗回省委汇报“同盟军”建立情况，部队边整训边宣传群众，打土豪，筹经费，扩充队伍。在整训中，一支队和二支队的意见发生一些分歧。为春节准备年食，二支队第一大队队长赵二娃(连壁)带部分队员出去打土豪，在永和集市上赶了一些羊子、牲畜，违犯群众纪律，影响很坏。腊月28日，部队开拔时，以整纪为名，执法队和警卫队领导指挥开枪打死赵二娃、二支队第三大队队长谷聚山、中队长王某某和战士周毛牛，打伤二支队第二大队队长白冠五等，并将二支队的武器全部收缴。指挥部宣布解散二支队，刘志丹的枪也被收缴，令干部离开同盟军。这件事未同副总指挥兼第二支队队长刘志丹商量，是荣子卿等人的荒唐决定。第二天(一说当天，一说第三天)，一支队队长师储杰拉走近200人投奔杨虎城部队。致使同盟军500多人的一支革命武装锐减至100多人，蒙受极大损失。“三嘉原事件”在领导之间、官兵之间、干部之间造成了不良影响，在西北历史上争论了长达半个多世纪。直到1985年，中央对这件长期争论的问题作出结论。结论指出：“队伍成份不纯，作风、纪律不好，按照党的建军原则进行整顿是必要的。但是，在一般情况下，采取一部分人缴另一部人枪的办法，特别是在刘、谢两位主要领导没有取得一致意见的情况下，采取缴枪的办法，甚至打死几人，不论是谁的决定，都是不对的，更不能说是完全正确的。好在这支队伍中多数同志以大局为重，始终坚持革命，为西北革命和红军的发展作出了重要贡献，刘志丹就是其中杰出的代表。” 马锡五、刘景范被勒令离开部队后到职田镇的第二天，恰好高岗汇报工作后带着1932年1月20日陕西省委关于陕甘边境游击队指示信(夹在小说中)，以省委特派员返回“同盟军”指挥部，路过职田镇，马、刘二人将“三嘉原事件” 给高岗作了汇报。高岗赶到部队将刘志丹枪还给本人，协助指挥部整顿和收归了一部分队员。 “同盟军”成立不久，为了适应斗争的需要，根据陕西省委指示：部队尽快打出红旗，将同盟军改编为中国工农红军陕甘游击队，并要求部队改编后，向渭北平原挺进，在靠近西安附近建立根据地，威胁西安，争取“一省数省”首先胜利。高岗回省委后不知道三嘉原的事件。他返回来和一些人在执行省委指示时，不同意部队尽快改编，因为部队刚建立，装备不良，在“三嘉原事件”中蒙受损失，力量减弱，思想素质差，发展巩固一段时间再改编，是有道理的。特别是向平原地区进军，指战员意见更大。可是，省委坚持“一省数省”的左倾路线，随后派省委军委书记李杰夫(即高维翰后叛变)到部队监督执行省委的改编指示。 1932年2月12日(正月初六)，风和日丽，晴空万里，西北反帝同盟军指挥部根据省委指示，决定将“同盟军”改编为“中国工农红军陕甘游击队”。这天，在三嘉原细咀子的锦章村群众的打麦场上，召开军人大会，全体指战员脖子上系有红色的“牺牲带”，战马披红挂彩，大会主席台上搭着彩棚，横额上写着“中国工农红军陕甘游击队授旗典礼”，两旁插着绣着镰刀斧头的鲜红小旗。游击队、赤卫军和十里八乡群众数百人参加大会。高岗传达了陕西省委关于建立陕甘边境游击队指示信。“指示信”说，省委听了高岗同志报告后，关于你们的工作有以下的指示，希望你们深刻讨论，坚决执行。指示信指出“红军胜利与苏维埃运动的影响在陕西剧烈扩大情势之下，必然要更加迅速发展前去，这一形势正需要我们党坚决领导农民革命的游击战争与革命的兵士哗变才能推进斗争的发展与保障它的胜利，使正在开展的群众斗争，汇合苏维埃的旗帜下来，这一客观的政治形势是非常有利于你们发展的条件。”“你们行动的方针，是应加紧政治上、组织上、技术上的各种工作，坚决执行游击战争的任务，游击战争区域和方向应以关中道的三水(旬邑县)、淳化、富平、三原、长武等主要方向……你们将来必须和这些区域内农民斗争配合起来。”(原件陕西省档案馆存)。 会上，李杰夫代表省委宣布了陕甘游击队的成立和建制，任命了军队领导人：总指挥谢子长，副指挥刘志丹，政委李杰夫，参谋长杨重远，下辖三个步兵大队，一个骑兵队和警卫大队。高岗任二大队委书记兼第二大队队长、政委。大队下设中队、小队，还设一个军政干部训练队，培训小队长以上干部，旬邑县委书记第五伯昌授给谢子长游击队旗。 指挥部成立了队委会，由20多人组成，李杰夫任队委书记，在各大队都建立了党支部，加强了党对部队的领导。在游击队建立了政治委员会，士兵委员会，实行政治和民主权利。三嘉原、秋头原、阳坡头、职田等地农民吹着唢呐，抬着猪羊，载歌载舞，前来庆祝共产党领导的第一支并打出红军旗帜的游击队成立。 西北地区共产党领导的独立武装部队经过长期的努力，这天正式成立，第一次在西北高原打起工农红军革命军的旗帜，公开了这支部队的性质、任务和目的，具有转折性的意义，标志着西北革命军事斗争的开始，使人们明确了革命性质、方向。 陕甘游击队初创时期，领导多是初出茅庐的青年人，或多或少存在乌托帮的思想，都有些无政府主义观点，不喜欢纪律、训练和革命军人的严密组织、思想行动一致等东西，特别有些从收编的土匪、民团中来的战士，这种无政府主义观点尤为突出，更看不起政治，甚至对黑暗统治的罪恶根源认识不够清楚。所以绝对平均主义盛行，战士对负责同志住好点的房子，骑马行军、吃的好些，都表示反对，要领导也站岗放哨喂马……。 部队改编后即离开三嘉原，开展游击战争，投入消灭反动派武装的斗争。第二天，一举攻占了职田镇，消灭了守镇民团，捣毁了伪区公所，逮捕了几名豪绅，粮食分配给农民。继之，在阳坡头伏击了杨虎城的警卫团一个营，粉碎了彬县、淳化、旬邑三县民团近千人的进攻，大获全胜，打伤和毙俘敌300多人，缴获手提机枪20余支，盒子枪7支，长枪150余支，一个敌连长被俘。这是陕甘游击队成立后打的第一次大胜仗，打出了军威，“赤色战士的勇气立即提高”，使敌人为之震惊。阳坡头伏击战后，谢子长和高岗等率部队沿马栏河进军到旬邑、淳化和正宁、宁县交界的土桥原一线等地活动，并将土豪的财产土地分给农民。2月21日，消灭了照金民团，收缴30多支枪。部队在该镇休整，召开了党委会，总结了游击战争和发动群众的情况，分析了形势，会议决定以《古田决议》为主要教材，对部队干部进行政治整顿。高岗受谢子长委托负责给干部、战士讲政治课、纪律课和组织原则，学习《三大纪律六项注意》，根据毛泽东在井冈山创建军队原则实行军事、政治、经济三大民主原则，纠正了极端民主化和绝对平均主义的倾向，加强了部队自身建设，发展地方党组织，加强了组织性和纪律性，处理了一些无组织、无纪律和违法犯纪分子，全军上下团结一致，斗志昂扬，坚持“敌进我退，敌退我追，敌住我扰，敌疲我打”的方针，开展轰轰烈烈的游击战争，寻机打击敌人。 部队休整后厉兵秣马，转入同官(今铜川)、宜君、中部(今黄陵)境内活动。首先消灭了窑曲镇民团和国民党十六师驻焦家坪一个连，击溃一个营，打退了富平、同官，耀县等三县民团的两次进攻，共歼敌200多人，缴枪200多支。为了避开敌人追剿，趁陕西十七路军和甘肃暂编十三师在陇东混战之机，谢子长、高岗等率游击队西跨桥山，进入中部县上珍子地区，而后出击陇东，开创根据地。 1932年3月中旬，陕甘游击队经过一个多月的转战，又回到正宁县境内。此时，陇东军阀混战，甘军失败后官军和土匪勾结，趁火打劫农民，维持给养。正宁伪县政府向农民派款10万元多，摊派大量公粮，还勒索敲诈不计其数，人民无法承受，致成“官逼民反”的形势。当地群众在红军的影响下，自发组织起几个自卫民团，进行抗款抗粮的自发斗争。谢子长、高岗等带领的游击队回到柴桥子村后，群众无不高兴，民团派人来联系要求攻打山河镇。游击队委召开会议，经过分析研究，作出决定，支持群众的要求，采取就地联合民团，组织农民，准备攻打正宁县城——山河镇。3月17日，高岗带骑兵部队和少年先锋队百余人，率先开进寺村原新庄村，分别与各村民团、民众联系，约定3月19日拂晓，军民联合，分东西两路进攻山河镇，并和城内国民党军队部分官兵取得联系，准备哗变内应。接着，指挥部命令两路部队赶拂晓前到达指定位置。但因谢子长带200多人的东路部队夜行军，走错了路，19日早晨才到山河城东；高岗带的西路骑兵部队和30个村的600多农民，于18日晚在苟仁寺集中，高岗作简短动员讲话，民众由杜兴邦负责，行军到柏树坳，遭敌骑兵和绅士的阻拦，高岗命骑兵部队和敌人交火，民团、群众见红白军打起来了，慌乱退散，部队向东南绕道，快吃早饭时才赶到山河城跟前。由于未按时投入战斗，造成欲攻不能，城内有二三十人准备内应也暴露了，被敌人逮捕。游击队在城外埋伏一天，晚间撤出山河镇。第一次攻打山河镇未成。 游击队从山河镇撤下来，谢子长在西坡四圪塔召开队委会，重新讨论了行动计划。谢子长在会上作了重要讲话。高岗在会上也就建立根据地发表了重要意见。会议决定：一、到南原开展游击战争，打击豪绅地主的破坏；二、广泛发动群众，将群众自编的民团改为自卫军；三、立即实行陕甘游击队的纲领；四、准备再次攻打山河；五、创立陕甘边革命委员会，建立根据地。会后，部队开到寺村原，趁自发的群众斗争方兴末艾，在子长、高岗等指导下，将原有民团改编为赤卫军，成立了赤卫军指挥部，杜兴邦任总指挥。高岗、杨森带骑兵部队到各村发动群众，组织群众，张贴标语，宣传建立苏维埃政权，创造根据地。高岗等组织干部走村串户，访贫问苦，促膝谈心，做群众思想发动工作。经过广泛组织发动，各村普遍建立起农民联合会、贫农团、赤卫军组织，以寺村原为中心，扩展红色区域，南北40多里宽，东西100多里长，共有72个村都组建基层政权组织，进行打土豪，分财产斗争，受到群众的好评。他们说：“从来没见过这样的队伍，见了穷人，就象见了亲人，到穷人家，就象回到自己家，扫院、担水、打柴……什么活都干，真是穷人的部队，有了这样的队伍，国民党的尾巴长不了几天了。”当时，游击队经过整顿，纪律严明，不拿群众一线一针，吃饭买粮付钱。游击队离村，群众列队欢送。 4月初，72村的赤卫军，贫农团代表和游击队一千余人，在新庄村召开大会，成立了寺村原革命委员会，选举产生了革命委员会主席、副主席，下设军事、财粮、贫农、工人、青年委员会。革委会成立后，又召开群众大会，斗争了土豪，在苟仁寺处决了大土豪赵元亨(赵大人)及其走狗巩得功，并没收其财产，分给贫苦群众。使群众扬眉吐气，大煞了地主豪绅的威风。 寺村原革委会，是高岗在陕甘边区亲手参与建立的第一个苏维埃政权，是西北地区的曙光。革命委员会在游击队配合下组织群众，发动群众，打击土豪劣绅，没收地主豪绅的粮食、牛羊和财物，分配给贫苦百姓。为了巩固新生的革委会，扩大其影响，高岗指挥骑兵部队到正宁县的永和、北极、庙底和彬县的永乐、旬邑的职田、大峪、张洪等村镇，抓土豪，没收其财产，分配给贫农，雇农、佃农，烧毁一切契约，显示了游击队和革委的威力，当时，革命政权不稳固，农民只敢接收浮财，不敢要土地，怕游击队一走就没有保障。游击队和革委不强人所难，听其自愿。 陕甘游击队在寺村原集中活动了20多天，建立和保卫了红色政权，是苏维埃政权建设，创立根据地的第一次学习、偿试、锻炼和实践，虽然时间不长，但影响深远，在当地人民心目中留下深刻印象，为后来照金、南梁建立根据地提供了经验。同时，游击队在寺村原活动期间，相对地有个稳定的群众基础，继续加强了部队的军事纪律和群众纪律教育。原来部队纪律很差，绝对平均主义严重，游击队领导行军中骑马也受到战士的批评，经过在斗争中加强教育改造成份，淘汰了无法转变的土匪、流氓分子，改变了帮会、绿林的色彩，吸收了一批青年农民参军，使部队的素质有所提高，战斗力不断加强。 游击队在寺村原活动一段后，准备再次打山河镇，革委会、赤卫军指挥部组织72村近千人手持长矛、大刀，在苟仁寺集中，配合游击队联合作战。4月13日，在谢子长、高岗等指挥下，从山河东、南、北三面发起攻击。高岗率骑兵一直冲到山河城下。战斗打响后，敌人都钻进城里，凭借坚固工事，向周围游击队和赤卫军还击，双方对打了两天一夜。15日下午，敌驻早胜的一个骑兵营前来增援，游击队迅速撤退，隐蔽在城西十来里的西坡坳里，当敌人赶到时，游击队突然杀回马枪，歼灭敌人200多人，当场击毙敌40多人。敌人大挫锐气，急调头撤退，高岗等率游击队乘胜追击，将残敌赶入城内。由于山河镇位于平原上的一个坚固土围子，我游击队没炮兵，第二次攻打山河又未得手。 游击队回到根据地寺村原，队委会研究下一步游击行动的问题时，旬邑来人说县城空虚，请游击队去攻打。谢子长、高岗率部队当天晚从寺村原出发，于翌日拂晓到达旬邑县城跟前。高岗、吴岱峰率第二大队乘敌熟睡之机，首先摸到西山寨堡上，活捉了哨兵，游击队冲入堡内，像沸水灌蚁窝，全部收拾守敌，占领了西山寨子，掩护西城门登城的战士占领了东门和南门后，两路夹攻，敌一个连及两个排不战而降，并控制了制高点。城内部分守敌及一些政府人员见势不好，纷纷逃跑于北山的魁星楼内。由于北山地势险要，易守难攻，我游击队为避免伤亡，放弃攻打。 我游击队攻进城后，活捉了伪县长和警察局长等，并召开群众大会，例数其罪状并处决了反动家伙；打开监狱，放出所有“犯人”，分了大地主高万安的粮食等物；慰问了革命烈士家属；在街上刷写了大幅宣传标语；火烧掉了县衙门的卷宗、帐目和伪县政府。 这次战斗大获全胜，是游击队成立以来攻克的第一座县城，毙俘伤敌300多人，缴枪近200支，城里城外贫苦老百姓拍手称赞“红军打得好！红军打得好！” 游击队成立后，虽然两次攻打山河镇未克，但为攻城提供了经验和教训。此时，高岗根据敌强我弱的情况，提出运用“避实就虚”的战略，开展游击战争，扩大乡村根据地。部队从寺村原出发，向有利于游击战的照金一带发展，发动群众，打土豪，灭民团，创造根据地。 4月下旬，时任陕西省委书记杜衡和刘志丹(刘是打山河镇前回省委汇报工作，实际是反映三嘉原事件的)一起到游击队来。(杜衡是陕西省佳县人，担任过陕北特委书记，陕西省委书记，红二十六军政委和二团政委。1933年被国民党逮捕叛变，后到台湾。)杜衡一到游击队，执行左倾路线，抓住三嘉原事件和攻打山河镇未胜等问题，撤销了指挥部，谢子长被打发到甘肃搞兵运。游击队按省委指示，在旬邑的马家堡改编为三、五两个支队，刘志丹任三支队长，高岗任三支队队委书记，阎红彦任五支队长。游击队在刘、高、闫的指挥下，在乾县、永寿、耀县、三原等地区开展游击活动。接着，敌人分几路进剿。针对敌人进攻态势，5月上旬，省委又决定成立指挥部，刘志丹任总指挥，李杰夫任政委，高岗任队委书记。游击队采取“避实就虚”的战略和“游击运动”的战术，粉碎了敌人的“围剿”。发展方向上，游击队委分析敌情，认为北面敌人分散，又距西安、延安较远，指挥迟缓，增援不易，为敌薄弱地区，利于我军游击作战，队委决定向敌人空虚的北面转移，寻机打击薄弱之敌。 作战策略和方向确定后，指挥部率领部队从清水原出发，向宜君、黄陵、洛川、富县、宜川等地挺进。