Chapter 9 Chapter Nine: Cutting Passes and Seizing Passes and Making Miraculous Achievements: Liu Bocheng in the Long March

In April 1935, the Long March of the Central Red Army entered Yunnan from Pan County, and even Ke Zhanyi, Ma Long, Xundian, and Songming approached Kunming.At this time, the main force of the Yunnan Army had been transferred to the east, and Long Yun, the chairman of Yunnan Province, was frightened and had to mobilize militia groups to defend the city.Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong, and Zhu De believed that taking advantage of the opportunity of the eastward transfer of the main force of the Yunnan Army, the Red Army rushed to cross the Jinsha River was a key measure to get rid of the 70 regiments of the Kuomintang Army.At that time, Liu Bocheng was the chief of staff of the Red Army and concurrently the commander of the central column of the Red Army (renamed from the column of the Military Commission after the Zunyi Conference), and directly commanded the troops to cross the river. On May 2, Zhu De, chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, ordered the following deployment:

A. According to the investigation, there are only more than 300 people from Liu Wenhui's department.In addition to crossing the river along Yuanmou and Longjie Avenues, Kunming Tonghuili Road has two other commercial routes: one passes through Jiba, Houjie, Kazitang, Malutang, Dasongshu and crosses the river at Hongmenkou (about two kilometers from Jiba to Hongmenkou). One hundred and ninety miles); one passes through Xiaocang, Longhaitang, Shiban River, Jiaoxi to Jiaoping and crosses the river.There are two ferry boats at Hongmenkou and Jianpingdu, each with a capacity of more than 20 passengers, or six or seven horses.The narrow part of the river is more than ten feet, and the flow is fast; the width is more than thirty feet, the flow is slow, and it is possible to build a bridge. The mountains on the west bank are steep without bamboo, but there are logs on the south bank for rafts.In case the bridging fails, you can use Caodu. There are ferries at Baitan and Xiaolu downstream of Hongmenkou and Naping and Luche upstream on the left.

B. Our First Army decided to cross the river from Longjie via Wuding and Yuanmou, and led the enemy to the west; the column of the Military Commission, led by Chief of Staff Liu, led a battalion of the cadre regiment, an engineering battalion, and the 29th detachment, and arrived on the morning of the 4th Tie Pingdu bridge, and reconnaissance of the crossing points upstream. C. Our thirteenth regiment should cross the Pudu River via the Laowuying River (send engineers to build the bridge first) and turn to the Tongmalutang Road. It is also limited to the morning of the 4th to rush to Hongmenkou to build a bridge, reconnaissance of the river crossing points downstream, and communicate with them. Chief of Staff Liu kept in close contact and telegraphed the situation of the bridge construction at least twice a day.

D. The main force of the 3rd Army followed the 13th Regiment, and its rear guard stepped up its rear guard on the left side when the enemy within reach was chasing after the 5th Army. All the E and Three Corps should bring three days' worth of rice grain before the big pine tree. He also sent a special telegram to Dong Zhentang, head of the 5th Red Army Corps, and Li Zhuoran, political commissar, ordering the department to act as a rear guard to block Wan Yaohuang's department and the Yunnan Army and cover the large troops crossing the river. Liu Bo came to the cadre group immediately after accepting the order.After researching with Chen Geng and Song Renqiong, the 3rd Battalion was selected to complete the task of rushing to cross the river and Pingdu, and Song Renqiong led the team there.They changed into the uniforms of the Kuomintang army and swaggered forward to the river.When I arrived at Shanluoshu, more than 30 miles away from the river, a big fat man came out to welcome me.Liu Bocheng and Song Renqiong brought several guards into the district office.

The district chief said: "A document has come from Shangfeng to burn the boats and seal the river." Liu Bocheng said while drinking water: "We are also here to carry out this task, please take out the official document and have a look." The district chief took out a letter from the drawer and handed it over.Liu Bocheng looked at it and asked, "Did you burn the boat?" The district chief was afraid of being blamed for his negligence, and explained: "I just received the official document, and I haven't had time to burn it yet." Liu Bocheng said: "Okay, let us do it." Then he asked carefully about the width of the river, the speed of the flow, the depth of the water, and the strength of the troops guarding the ferry on both sides.

After asking one by one, Liu Bocheng suddenly changed his face and told the district chief: "We are the Red Army. You take us to find the ship. If there is a problem with the ship, you are the only one to ask." The mayor turned pale with fright.Song Renqiong sent a reconnaissance team to follow him and walked towards the river.When they got to the riverside, a boatman saw the district chief leading some soldiers over, and thought they were going to cross the river on business, so he went up to say hello, "I'm back." The scouting team jumped on board and took control of the two boats.

Song Renqiong ordered Xiao Yingtang to lead the avant-garde company to cross first, and the company commander ordered the 3rd platoon to cover the riverside, and the 1st and 2nd platoons were the first to cross the river in two boats, eliminating more than 30 security teams from the Lijin Bureau and controlling the ferry.After Liu Bocheng and Song Renqiong crossed the river, they inspected the ferry. The water was deep and the current was too fast to build a bridge.With the help of boatman Zhang Chaoshou and others, four more boats were found.Liu Bocheng was overjoyed, and set up a crossing headquarters in a cave by the river, and formulated the "Rules for Crossing the River".Order the 29th unit to set up a radio station and report to the commander-in-chief: "There are six boats in Tsang Pingdu, and they can ferry 10,000 people every day and night."

Relying on these six boats, the Military Commission column was completely crossed on the 5th. At this time, the 1st Red Army Corps was at Longjiedu. Because the river was too wide and enemy planes harassed it at low altitude, neither bridge erection nor water crossing was possible. They all crossed the river from Xianping, and the 3rd Army Corps was restricted to spend a day and night on the 6th, and the 1st and 5th Army Corps crossed the river on the 7th and 8th. Liu Bocheng learned that the whole army was crossing the river from Xianping, so he ordered Song Renqiong to leave only the engineering company to guard the ferry, and led the 3rd Battalion to cross the mountains and ridges for 40 miles to support the main force of the cadre regiment to seize Tong'an Prefecture. Lin Fangying, commander of the 3rd Battalion, and Luo Guibo, political commissar, assembled the team, and Liu Bocheng personally explained the task: Tong'an Prefecture is the gateway to the north of the Jinsha River.We must occupy Tong'an Prefecture to ensure the safety of the entire army across the river.Commander Chen Geng has led the 1st and 2nd battalions up, you follow up, and you must sacrifice all sacrifices to resolutely destroy the enemy and occupy Tong'an Prefecture.

From May 4th to 9th, the columns of the Military Commission and the Red 1st, Red 3rd, and Red 5th Army Corps, except for the 13th Army Corps of the Red 3rd Army Corps who crossed the river from Hongmen, and a field hospital of the Red 1st Army Corps crossed the river in Luche, all crossed the river from Hongmen. Twisting across the Jinsha River.After completing the task of confusing the enemy and covering the actions of the main force, the Red Ninth Army also crossed the Jinsha River from Dongchuan, Yunnan, and joined the main force in Lugu.The victory of skillfully crossing the Jinsha River enabled the Central Red Army to get rid of hundreds of thousands of enemy troops, and won the initiative in the strategic shift.

Chiang Kai-shek finally figured out the movement of Zhu Mao's Red Army after the main force of the Red Army entered Yunnan.On the one hand, he ordered Xue Yue and Sun Dubu to turn back to the west and pursue them across Guizhou province; on the other hand, he sent a telegram to Long Yun on April 28, ordering him to control the ships and block the Jinsha River from Qiaojia to Yuanmou to strictly prevent the Red Army from crossing the river. Officers and soldiers of eight divisions and two columns of the Pursuit Army led by Xue Yue had just marched from the Chishui area to the easternmost part of Guizhou, and they had to march thousands of miles to the westernmost part of Guizhou.Wu Qiwei, the commander of the 1st column, said he was sick and stayed in Guiyang.However, the lower-level officers and soldiers had to carry out orders and marched all the way in a hurry. Along the way, many people fell ill, fell behind, fled, and abandoned a lot of luggage.When they arrived in Yunnan, the largest number of people left in each company was only sixty or seventy.

When Sun Du's three brigades chased to the west of Ziyun, they received an order from Jiang to say that there was a team of four or five thousand Red Army troops marching eastward towards Zongdi and Longchang, so Sun Du turned around and chased eastward. A few days later, I realized that I had fallen into the trick of the Red Army to pretend that the east was actually the west. When I turned around and headed west again, the Red Army had already crossed the Beipan River. Yunnan Wang Longyun is stronger than Wang Jialie, and his status is stronger than Wang Jialie.After receiving Jiang's telegram, instead of blocking the Jinsha River, they concentrated their troops and militias to defend Kunming.When Xue Yue's troops traveled thousands of miles to Yunnan and the vanguard approached Kunming, Long Yun sent a special envoy to comfort the troops and brought a map of Yunnan, Baiyao and ham, but the car carrying the relief items was "robbed" by the Red Army. Only on behalf of Long Yun: Xue Yue's troops are not allowed to enter Kunming.Xue humiliated, and only brought an adjutant and a guard into Kunming to meet Long Yun.Unexpectedly, Long Yun welcomed Xue Yue with a standard second only to that of Chiang Kai-shek.It was not until May 7 that Long Yun accompanied Xue Yue to inspect the sky above the Jinsha River, and saw the Red Army rushing to cross.After they came back, they were not busy "chasing and suppressing", but busy worshiping their brothers, Xue Yue respected Long Yun as the eldest brother, and continued to spend their days and nights.Two days later, on May 9, Long Yun sent a telegram to Jiang saying: "The bandit has undoubtedly crossed the river, and after hearing the news, the whole family is on fire... The real job dispatch is ineffective, and the troops are ineffective in pursuing and suppressing them. How can you be special to others, the only way is to ask General Jun to deal with it strictly, to thank the party and the state." Jiang Jielongyun reported that on May 12, he flew to Kunming with only his staff and lived in the official residence of Wuhua Mountain to deploy the battle of Dadu River.In this campaign, Jiang wanted the Sichuan army to take the lead.The Sichuan Army has 5 armies in total. In name, the commander-in-chief of the Sichuan Army is Liu Xiang. He has the strength of 3 armies (the 21st, 23rd, and 44th armies). independence.Jiang ordered Liu Xiang to put all of the 20th Army and one part of the 21st Army under the command of Yang Sen, and rush to the north bank of the Dadu River to prevent blockade; Liu Wenhui ordered the 24th Army south of the Dadu River (6 brigades) to be led by Liu Yuanzhang. Under the command of Xue Yue, they intercepted the Red Army's northward advance and covered the main force of Xue Yue's northward advance; the main force of the 24th Army deployed defenses on the north bank of the Dadu River and sealed it tightly; appointed the commander of the 20th Army, Yang Sen, and the commander of the 24th Army, Liu Wenhui, to Hanyuan to command.The telegram said: "The Dadu River is the place where Shi Dakai's army was destroyed in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Today, the Communist bandits have entered this Han and Yi complex. The line is connected, the river is blocked, the terrain is steep, and the supply is difficult. The stone army must follow the same path. Encourage the Ministry to establish outstanding honors." After crossing the Jinsha River, the Central Red Army took a leisurely half-month rest in the Huili area. On May 12, an enlarged meeting of the Politburo was held in the iron field outside Huili City.In addition to members of the Politburo, Lin Biao and Nie Rongzhen of the 1st Red Army, Peng Dehuai and Yang Shangkun of the 3rd Red Army attended the meeting. The purpose of this meeting was to correct the negative complaints in the Red Army caused by the lack of understanding of Mao Zedong's strategic intentions.After the Zunyi Conference, Zhou, Mao, and Zhu, in order to get rid of hundreds of thousands of enemy troops and seize the initiative in the strategic shift, crossed the Chishui River four times, crossed the Wujiang River in the south, and made great strides forward and backward.Although Xue Yue's pursuit and suppression army was exhausted, it is conceivable that the Red Army soldiers were exhausted, so they became suspicious and dissatisfied with the command of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission.Lin Biao is the representative of this kind of dissatisfaction, saying that this period of time will be "bowed", "turning in circles" and "will drag down the troops."Regardless of the opposition of political commissar Nie Rongzhen, he wrote a letter to the Central Committee in his own name, proposing that "Zhou, Mao, and Zhu follow the army to preside over the grand plan, and ask Peng Dehuai to command the former enemy, and quickly march north to join the Fourth Front Army." At the meeting, Zhou Enlai criticized Lin Biao and praised Mao Zedong's military command art during this period. When the enemy was blocking the front and chasing after him, he adopted the method of going around in a big circle. He crossed Chishui four times and entered Zunyi twice. A major victory in successfully crossing the Jinsha River.Mao Zedong also severely criticized Lin Biao, saying: "You are a baby, what do you know!" Mao Zedong's criticism of Lin Biao implied that he did not care about his youth and childishness. The emphasis was on Peng Dehuai, who believed that Lin Biao's letter was written by Peng Dehuai, who was ambitious to seize the command.Peng Dehuai did not argue, and adopted the attitude of "it will become clear after a long time".It was this kind of upright attitude of taking the overall situation into consideration and understanding the general situation, which made him wronged for 26 years. It was not until the Lushan Conference in 1959, when Mao Zedong brought up the matter again, that Lin Biao solemnly declared that the letter had nothing to do with Peng Dehuai, and he wrote Peng Dehuai. Know. Because the enemy is currently in a war environment, it is over when the problem is clarified and the thinking is unified. The meeting decided that Liu Bocheng would be the advance commander, and he would use his prestige in the Sichuan army and his familiarity with the geography and people's conditions to open the way for the whole army. On May 16, Liu Bocheng took the lead in sending a delegation to Dechang.Dechang was guarded by the 16th Brigade of the Chuankang Frontier Defense Army, brigade commander Xu Jianshuang, and its 29th, 30th, and 32nd regiments guarded the passes around Fengzhanying and Badouchong to intercept the Red Army.Xu Jianshuang was an old subordinate of Liu Bocheng when he was in the Sichuan Army. He had participated in the Luzhou and Shunqing Uprisings.Liu Bocheng personally wrote a letter and sent someone to Dechang to reminisce about the old friendship, urging him not to be an enemy of the Red Army, so that Chiang Kai-shek could reap the benefits of the fisherman.After Xu saw the letter, he sent his cronies and adjutants to deliver the letter to Liu Yuanzhang, commander of the frontier defense of Chuankang in Xichang.Liu Yuanzhang was noncommittal, Xu understood that he acquiesced to make way for the Red Army. At dusk on the 16th, the brigade showed some resistance and ordered a retreat.Under the command of its leader Yang Dezhi and political commissar Li Lin, the Red 1 Regiment occupied Dechang at 3 o'clock on the 17th. In order to strengthen Xichang's defense force, Liu Yuanzhang dispatched Yiwu commander Deng Xiuting to lead his troops from Ningnan to aid.Deng belongs to the Yi nationality, has two regular army regiments, and can mobilize nearly 10,000 people from the Yi nationality nearby.When Deng led his troops to the Huangshuitang in the south of Xichang, he received a personal letter sent by Liu Bocheng.Deng Tong Hanwen, who has been in the Sichuan army for many years, has heard of Liu Bocheng's name for a long time, and only read the letter: The Red Army passes through Guifang, and does not regard the Yi people as enemies. I will not fight back when the Yi people shoot, but the road must be crossed.Deng Xiuting was hesitant to fight or not to fight.If you fight, you know that you are definitely not an opponent; if you don't fight, you are afraid that Liu Yuanzhang will not be able to explain it.The final resolution is: put on a fighting stance to deal with Liu Yuanzhang; but don't shoot, so as not to lose money.He summoned the officers of the Yi nationality and gave them a lecture: "Things today are not as usual, so be more careful. Unless you have my order, you are not allowed to shoot." Deng placed his troops on the hills on both sides of the road and watched the Red Army pass by.A Yi soldier went off and fired a shot, which caused others to fire several shots. Deng Xiuting hurriedly stopped it with Yi words.The forwards of the 1st Army did not fight back either, and the Red Army soldiers shouted as they walked: "Han and Yi are a family" and "Han and Yi are brothers".At that time, two planes sent by Chiang Kai-shek were in the air, and Deng's department did not put up a sign to indicate the target. The plane dropped bombs blindly, killing and wounding dozens of Deng's officers and soldiers.Deng Xiuting then withdrew his troops from Huangshuitang to the Mianning area. On the morning of May 20, advance commander Liu Bocheng and political commissar Nie Rongzhen took the lead in dispatching a regiment to Lugu.There are two roads from Lugu to Dadu River: one passes through Dengxiangying, crosses the west to Dashubao, and crosses the river to Fulin on the other side, which is the avenue leading to Ya'an; the other passes through Mianning, Daqiao, Tuo From Wu to Anshunchang, it is a rugged and difficult mountain road, especially through the Yi nationality area of ​​Daliang Mountain, which has always been regarded as a treacherous road by the Han people. In the evening, Liu and Nie listened to the reconnaissance team's detailed report on the mileage of the two marching routes, the situation of the enemy, the situation of the residents, and the situation of supplies. Clearing the enemy situation helps a lot. It was Liu Wenhui's 24th Army who deployed defenses and intercepted the Red Army face to face on the Dadu River. Yuan Guorui, the commander of its 4th Brigade, set up the brigade headquarters in Longbabu, 50 miles south of Luding City, and guarded the Luding Bridge area; the 5th Brigade guarded Anshun Field to In Fulin area, brigade commander Yang Xueduan led a regiment to Fulin.It is also rumored that Liu Xiang's subordinate Wang Zejun is heading towards Fulin and will arrive on the 21st. Liu Bo admitted: "The enemy obviously judged that our army will take the road from Xichang to Fulin, and take Fulin as the focus of defense. If our army crosses the river from Fulin, it will encounter the enemy's main force, and it will not be easy to succeed. It is suggested that the Military Commission should change the marching route and take Mianning and Anshunchang are small roads. However, this road passes through the Yi minority area in Daliangshan. Because of the ethnic oppression policy of the reactionary ruling class in history, the Yi people are very suspicious of the Han people, and they need to work carefully to pass through.” Nie Rongzhen agreed: "We use the party's ethnic policy to impress them, which is better than Liu Wenhui. We suggest that the Military Commission take a path instead. Let Zuo Quan and Liu Yalou lead the 5th regiment to feint in the direction of Yuexi to confuse the enemy." The two discussed it properly and immediately sent a report to the Central Revolutionary Military Commission.The Military Commission replied that it fully agreed with Liu Nie's suggestion that the main force of the Red Army should move northward via Mianning and Anshun. At 18:00 on May 21, Zhu De, chairman of the Military Commission, ordered the entire army. The summary is as follows: After a while, Liu Nie received another telegram from the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. After translating it, it turned out to be the "Comment of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" signed by Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, but from the content and text, it was known that it was written by Mao Zedong.Liu Bocheng handed over the Red Army announcement to Chen Yeping and Liao Zhigao, the leaders of the underground party in Mianning, and asked them to write it in big characters and post it widely in the urban and rural areas of Mianning.The content of the announcement is: This notice publicized the ethnic policy of the Communist Party of China vividly and in simple terms. It won the support of the Yi people and had a wide influence among the masses. It played a great role in the smooth passage of the Red Army through the Yi area. In order to cooperate with the Red Army's transit, the Sichuan Underground Party held a mass meeting in Wenchang Palace, Mianning County, with the participation of more than a thousand Yi and Han people from urban and rural areas, announcing the establishment of the Red Regime in Mianning County - the Revolutionary Committee. Chairman, Liao Zhigao and Li Xiangyun are members.Commander-in-Chief Zhu De met with the Han and Yi people and delivered an impromptu speech. The first new policy of the Revolutionary Committee is to abolish the system of "taking shifts as hostages".The so-called "shift-taking hostages" refers to the fact that the warlord government ordered the leaders of various Yi families to go to prison in the county town as hostages."Zhi Yi" who is in prison can replace his father with his son, his brother with his brother, his uncle with his nephew, and his class.Anyone who resists donations and taxes and gathers crowds to make trouble will inflict various tortures and even kill the leader who is sitting as a hostage.This brutal rule over the Yi people lasted from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, and was hated by the Yi people.Then, the Revolutionary Committee announced the confiscation of the property of Liu Yaonan and Liu Boru, the big local tyrants in the county, and the confiscation of the property of Zhou Shunwu, the big landlord in Daqiao Town, and distributed it to the poor regardless of Han and Yi.As soon as these two policies were implemented, the masses were mobilized immediately. The advance group started from Daqiao Town, passed through a Yi-Han mixed area to Owa Pass, and then passed through Yiwanshui, Haizibian, Beisha Village to Lamafang from Owa Pass, which belonged to Tuowu Yi Nationality Area.There is "Kongming Village" in the territory. According to legend, the battlefield where Zhuge Liang "captured Menghuo seven times" is here. "Kongming Village" is the site of the Shu army barracks.The mountains here are steep, the roads are rugged, and the paths pass through grass and dense forests, which are easy to hide and easy to defend but difficult to attack.As soon as Qianwei Company arrived at the lama's house, they were blocked by Yi people armed with sticks, spears, bows and arrows, earthen guns and other weapons.They yelled "Woo hoo, hoo hoo", and more and more people gathered.Feng Wenbin of the working group brought the "Tongsi" up to negotiate, and a small leader said, "The dolls want some money, and I want you to pass it." Feng asked, "How much?" He replied, "Two hundred yuan." I gave them two hundred silver dollars, and everyone rushed away.After a while, another group of people came to ask for money, saying that just now it belonged to Luo Hong’s family and we were from Gu Ji’s family. While negotiating, someone came from behind and reported that the engineer company was attacked, and all equipment and weapons were robbed. , Stripped off his clothes and put them back. The vanguard company had to stop advancing.Xiao Hua, Feng Wenbin and others came forward to publicize the ethnic policy of the Communist Party and the Red Army.A Yi person went to invite the leader of the Guji clan.After a while, a tall man came over, with a veil wrapped around his head, his long hair draped around, barefoot, a piece of sackcloth around his waist, barefoot, followed by a dozen young men holding spears.The visitor introduced himself: "I am Xiaoyedan ​​from the Guji family. I want to see your commander, and we all make peace." So, Xiao Hua first went to report to Commander Liu and Political Commissar Nie, and Feng Wenbin accompanied Xiaoyedan ​​to follow from behind .In a flat surrounded by mountains, there is a clear water pond named Yuanju Haizi, where Liu Bocheng and Xiaoyedan ​​met.Xiao Yedan saw that the visitor was tall and tall, followed by a few "soldiers", knowing that Commander Liu had arrived, she took off the veil on her head according to the Yi family's rules, and prepared to kowtow to salute.Liu Bocheng stepped forward to help him up, and the two sat down on a big rock by the pond. Xiaoyedan ​​said: "The people who beat you today are not my people, but Luo Hong's family. I heard that you are going to beat Liu Wenhui and advocate equality between Yi and Han. I am willing to become a sworn brother with Commander Liu." Liu Bocheng said: "Those Han people who oppressed the Yi people are also enemies of our Red Army. We sworn brothers to fight against the common enemy." Xiaoyedan ​​was very happy, and asked a child to go to the house to get a rooster.The ceremony of worship is simple and solemn according to the rules of the Yi family: Wazi took the rooster, scooped a bowl of clear water in the pond with a bowl, held a knife in one hand and the chicken in the other hand, cut off the head of the chicken, the blood of the chicken dripped into the water bowl, and the clear water immediately It turned bright red, and then divided the "blood wine" into two bowls, and placed them in front of Liu Bocheng and Xiaoyedan ​​respectively.Several "red ghosts" looked amusing, and some laughed.Seeing Commander Liu's serious face, no one dared to laugh anymore.After everything was ready, Liu Bocheng and Xiaoyedan ​​knelt down piously side by side, facing the blue sky and clear pool water, took the "blood wine", Liu Bocheng said: "There is heaven above, and earth below. I, Liu Bocheng and Xiaoyedan Today we are sworn brothers by Haizi, if there is any repetition, heaven and earth will perish." After saying that, he drank it all down.Xiaoyedan ​​knew Chinese, and after listening to Liu Bocheng's oath, he said excitedly: "I, Xiaoyedan, became brothers with Commander Liu today. If there is half-heartedness, I will die like this chicken."At this time, the sun was about to set, so Liu Bocheng decided to return to Daqiao Town to entertain Xiaoyedan.Xiaoye Dan led 18 small leaders to go happily.Liu Bocheng knew that the Yi people were fond of alcohol and good at drinking, so he asked the administrator to buy all the wine in Daqiao Town.The dinner was held in the house of a Baochang, which was the advance headquarters of the Red Army. During the banquet, Xiaoye Dan said to Liu Bocheng: "Tomorrow I will go to the mountainside to meet you at the side of the border. Luo Hong's family robbed your things and arrested your people. If Luo Hong's family comes again tomorrow, you will fight against us. Fight from the mountains and burn the village to them." Liu Bocheng said: "The Yi people must be united, and their own people should not beat their own people. We must jointly deal with the reactionary government that oppresses you, and deal with the warlord Liu Wenhui." .Our common enemy is the Kuomintang reactionaries. I hope that all branches of the Yi nationality will unite and deal with Liu Wenhui and Liu Yuanzhang together." After speaking, he stood up, presented a red flag to Xiaoyedan, wrote a letter to "Chinese Red Army Yi Minguji Detachment", and appointed Xiaoye Dan was the team leader, and his younger brother Guerjila was the deputy team leader. He wrote a letter of appointment on the spot and gave him the pistol he was wearing. Xiaoye Dan was very moved.Liu Bocheng explained many revolutionary truths to him, and this simple man kept Commander Liu's teachings in his heart.That night, Xiaoye Dan lived in the advance headquarters. After breakfast the next day, the advance team entered the Yi area again.Xiaoyedan ​​followed the avant-garde 6th company and walked in front.When entering the Yi area, the children of the Guji family held a red flag and carried a bow and arrow, "Woohoo! Woohoo!" shouted to welcome them.Some kids took the initiative to approach the soldiers, and some soldiers gave them a towel, and some gave them a pair of shoes, and those who got it cheered. Xiaoyedan ​​accompanied Commander Liu and Political Commissar Nie for a while, and said reluctantly: "I can't go any further, the front is not under my control. I will send four children to take you to the village ahead; Picked 20 children to serve as the Red Army, and came back to fight Liu Wenhui after learning the skills." Liu Bocheng said: "There are still many Red Army brigades behind, please send all the Red Army through the Yi District. After the Red Army leaves, you must raise the red flag and fight persistently. We will come back in the future. When we leave, I will give you a small gift." At this time Guards carried 10 polished rifles.Xiaoyedan ​​was greatly moved and insisted on giving Commander Liu his mount, a big black mule. The road to Daliang Mountain was thus opened.Xiao Yedan faithfully carried out Commander Liu's entrustment, and united with Luo Hong and Luo Wu Yi tribes to escort the follow-up troops of the Red Army to cross the border.He was busy day and night, commuting back and forth between Daqiao Town and Zhenjiwan. After seven days and seven nights, the Red Army brigade passed through the Yi area safely without hindrance. After the Red Army left, Xiao Yedan unfurled the banner of the Red Army Yi Min Detachment. In August 1935, in Sata Village, Mianning County, together with Luo Hong and Luo Wu's family branch, they held an oath meeting against the Kuomintang warlords, and put forward the slogan of "stop the fighting between enemies and unite with the outside world". The remaining guerrillas persisted in the struggle for five years. In 1941, Deng Xiuting, a scum of the Yi nationality, with the support of the warlords, divided the alliance of the three clans, suppressed the revolution of the Yi people, and captured the political commissar of the Red Army.Xiaoyedan ​​went bankrupt and gave 1,500 silver dollars to Deng Xiuting to redeem the political commissar of the Red Army.Later, Xiaoyedan ​​and Guerjila's certificates of commission were searched by Deng Xiuting, and their brothers were killed in Daqiao Town on the charge of "common ownership".Before being arrested, Xiaoye Dan told his wife and younger brother Guni Jinijie with tears in his eyes: "Only the Communist Party and the Red Army advocate equality among ethnic groups and treat us Yi people as human beings. Such an army will definitely come back. A great man like Liu Bocheng is I will never lie. In case I die, you must protect this flag and hand it over to Commander Liu in the future." While the main force of the Red Army was advancing towards Anshun Field via Mianning, Zuo Quan, chief of staff of the Red 1st Army, and Liu Yalou, political commissar of the 2nd Red Division, led the 5th Red Army and the Legion's reconnaissance company to set off from Lugu and rush towards Dashubao through Yuexi County. Huge momentum. On May 22, they entered Yuexi County, broke open the prison, and released more than 500 detained Yi and Han people.Under the leadership of the Yi people, Chen Zhengxiang, the head of the 5th Red Regiment, led his troops to chase and wipe out the two armed companies of the county government, captured the county magistrate Peng Zao (formerly the chief of staff of the 24th Army), and then turned over the Sunjing Pass and approached Dashubao .A battalion defending Dashubao did not dare to resist, and fled across the river.The Red 5th Regiment chased all the way to the Dadu River, occupied the ferry on the south bank of Dashubao, made a big publicity, collected ferry boats and bridge building materials, mobilized many migrant workers and boatmen, built boats and rafts, threatened to cross the Dadu River here and attack Hanyuan, Enter Ya'an. When Chiang Kai-shek deployed the plan for the battle of the Dadu River, he repeatedly emphasized that the warlords of all factions in Sichuan should work together to establish outstanding achievements.In fact, eight counties (Xichang, Yuexi, Mianning, Ningnan, Dechang, Huili, Yanyuan, and Yanbian) are located south of the Dadu River and north of the Jinsha River, east of the Yalong River, and north of the Dadu River. The six counties (Ya'an, Yingjing, Hanyuan, Tianquan, Lushan, and Baoxing) were all in the territory of Liu Wenhui of the 24th Army. Liu Xiang, commander-in-chief of the Sichuan Army, and Yang Sen, commander of the 20th Army, were not enthusiastic about the battle of Dadu River.In order to perfunctory Chiang Kai-shek, Liu Xiang sent Wang Zejun to Fulin.When Wang Brigade arrived at the designated location on May 21, Chiang Kai-shek and Liu Xiang telegraphed Liu Wenhui to contact Yang Sen and ordered Yang's troops to approach Fulin.When Liu Wenhui from Hanyuan contacted Yang Sen, the forward of Yang Sen's troops had already arrived at the Jinkou River 40 kilometers east of Fulin, detected that there was a war in Fulin, and withdrew again.Liu Wenhui ordered his 5th brigade to be transferred from Fulin to a secondary direction, leaving Wang Zejun's brigade to guard Fulin, which they believed to be the main direction of the Red Army's assault.They are all afraid of damaging their strength and are unwilling to fight recklessly with the Red Army. This is the common psychology of the warlords of all factions of the Sichuan Army.Just as Chiang Kai-shek, Liu Xiang, Yang Sen, and Liu Wenhui were staring at Fu Lin's intrigue, news of the Red Army's forced crossing came from the upper reaches of the Dadu River. Guarding the Anshun field was Lai Zhizhong, the battalion commander of Liu Wenhui's "Yi Affairs General Headquarters".He was lucky, thinking that the Red Army would go to Fulin.When the 1st Battalion of the Red 1st Regiment rushed into the middle of the street, the sound of huqin and opera came from the enemy post.Lai Zhizhong has fallen asleep.Surprised by the sound of gunfire, Lai Zhizhong fled over the wall, and the soldiers scattered like birds and beasts.Lai Zhizhong was ordered to burn all the boats, leaving one boat for his own escape.This boat was seized by the soldiers of the 1st Battalion with sharp eyesight and quick hands, and became the only ferry for 17 warriors of the Red Army to forcibly cross the Dadu River. On both sides of the Dadu River are the Hengduan Mountains and lofty mountains.At Anshunchang Ferry, the river is more than 100 meters wide, with a flow rate of 4 meters per second and a water depth of 30 meters.The bottom of the river is full of rocks, forming countless whirlpools. It is commonly known as the bamboo tube river. The goose feathers sink to the bottom and no one with good water quality can swim across.Due to the depth of the water and the rapid flow, bridges cannot be built, but only water crossings.When crossing water, you must first pull the boat two miles upstream. After releasing the boat, you must have an experienced boatman at the helm, and more than 10 boatmen will use both poles and oars. Rush to the opposite bank along a diagonal line.There are protective facilities at the ferry on the other side. If the ferry is not aligned with the stone wall, the ship will be destroyed and people will die. On the morning of May 25, 1935, an old boatman in his 40s came to the river with more than 20 strong young men.Liu Bocheng talked with the old boatman himself.The boats of these boatmen's families were burned by Lai Zhizhong, and their houses were also burned to force them to move out.So the boatmen are willing to help the Red Army.Of course, the remuneration is generous, and even arrangements have been made for the family members in case of misfortune. At exactly 7 o'clock, Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen came to the shore.At this time, the soldiers of the 1st Battalion were vying to be a commando and to be on the first boat, arguing endlessly, so that the tasks could not be divided.Of course, everyone knew in their hearts that this was not a trip to the mountains or a dragon boat race, but a battle, a battle of narrow escapes.Faced with such a task, the old army solved the problem by organizing a supervisory team.But the soldiers of the Red Army faced such a situation, but they had to fight and rob, leaving the hope of life to others, and taking the greatest risk by themselves.In the midst of the dispute, Commissar Nie said: "Stop arguing. Let your battalion commander give the order, and whoever is told to go will go." Only then did the whole battalion quiet down, and hundreds of pairs of eyes stared at Battalion Commander Sun. .Battalion Commander Sun Jixian talked with regimental commander Yang Dezhi in a low voice, announcing that the 2nd Company would form the commando. 2 There was another dispute among the three platoons. In the end, the company commander called the roll call and selected 17 people. They were: company commander Xiong Changlin, second platoon leader Zeng Huiming, third squad leader Liu Changfa, deputy squad leader Zhang Kebiao, soldiers Zhang Guicheng, Xiao Hanyao, and Wang Huating , Liao Hongshan, Lai Qiufa, Zeng Xianji; fourth squad leader Guo Shicang, deputy squad leader Zhang Chengqiu, soldiers Xiao Guilan, Zhu Xiangyun, Xie Liangming, Ding Liuming, and Zhang Wanqing.After the selection of personnel, each person is equipped with a shell gun, a flower machine (submachine gun), a saber, and eight grenades.Under the leadership of Company Commander Xiong, he boarded the first ship. At this time, Liu Bocheng held up his monocular to carefully observe the enemy's fortifications and firepower on the other side.When the commando team was ready, he turned to Staff Officer Huang and asked, "Has Zhao Zhangcheng come yet?" Staff Officer Huang replied, "The pursuit artillery has been set up." Liu Bocheng said, "Tell Zhao Zhangcheng to aim at the two blockhouses on the other side. We will just shoot a few shots." The shells are fired, listen to the order, and be sure to shoot accurately." He looked at the watch on his wrist, it was exactly 9 o'clock, looked up and said to Yang Dezhi: "Start!" Commander Yang gave the order: "Light and heavy machine guns cover, and the forced crossing begins." The ship's cables on the shore were untied.Under the skillful manipulation of the boatman, the boat drifted obliquely towards the center of the river with bumps and bumps. 6 heavy machine guns and dozens of light machine guns fired intensively at the opposite bank from different angles, crushing the enemy lying in the fortifications and unable to lift their heads.The boat docked. 17 Warriors flew off the ship.Enemy grenades and rolling mines are thrown from above.The heroes took advantage of the dead corners of the stone steps to cover up, and without casualties, they bravely and wisely seized the fortifications on the shore and approached the enemy's bunker.Defending the north bank of the Dadu River was Liu Wenhui's 5th Brigade Hanhuai Zengbattalion.Han is the leader of Paoge in Baizhangchang, Mingshan County. His troops run rampant in the village and oppress the people, but they have never experienced a regular war.An officer led more than 200 people out of the bunkers and foxholes, and launched a countercharge to the 17 warriors ashore.Liu Bocheng held up the binoculars and ordered decisively: "Fire!" Zhao Zhangcheng is truly worthy of being a master gunner. The first shot hit the top of the enemy's bunker, and then the second shot hit the enemy's assembled team.The enemy camp suddenly became chaotic and fled in all directions. 17 warriors took the landings on the north shore. The follow-up troops crossed day and night, one ship after another.The maximum capacity of the boat can accommodate 40 people, and it takes more than an hour to go back and forth. It was not until 10:00 am on the 26th that all 1 groups crossed the river.Liu Bocheng calculated that according to this method of crossing, it would take more than a month for the whole army to cross the river.This is not allowed by the enemy.According to the report from the headquarters, the enemy Xueyue column had entered Lizhou, north of Xichang, on the 26th, and the vanguard of Yang Sen's 20th Army had reached the Jinkou River west of Ebian, only a few days away from Anshun Field.Liu Bocheng fell into deep anxiety.He directed the engineers to build bridges in every possible way, but failed several times.Later, we got 3 more boats, plus the original 1 boat, making a total of 4 boats. However, when the enemy is approaching, the whole army will be hit by the enemy's "half-crossing attack" if we can't finish with 4 boats. , It will be a repeat of the Xiangjiang fiasco. At noon, Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong, and Zhu De arrived at Anshun Field. Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen went to the village to meet them and accompanied them to the advance headquarters to rest.At lunch, the central leaders were entertained with captured rice wine.Mao Zedong picked up a large bowl of rice wine and said happily: "Congratulations to the advance commanders and the cadres and soldiers!" Then he asked Liu Bocheng humorously: "Zhuge Liang's seven captures and seven moves convinced Meng Huo. How did you convince Xiaoyedan ​​so quickly? " Liu Bocheng said modestly: "The main reason is that we have strictly implemented the party's ethnic policy." Mao Zedong asked again: "Did you really kneel on the ground and swear an oath to Xiaoyedan?" Liu Bocheng smiled and said, "You do as the Romans do! The Yi people are the most loyal, and he trusts us only when he sees my sincerity." Zhou Enlai: "When the follow-up brigade passed Daliang Mountain, Xiaoyedan ​​came out to welcome them with the banner of 'Chinese Red Army Yimin Guji Detachment' and sent guides to lead the way. .” Zhu De said: "The advance team made a lot of contributions by opening roads in the mountains and building bridges in the water." Hearing this, Liu Bocheng interjected: "Don't praise the commander-in-chief, I'm just worried about not being able to build a bridge on the Dadu River." Then he reported in detail the situation of the water crossing and bridge building. After listening to Liu Bocheng's report, Mao Zedong said: "I propose that we divide our troops into two groups: the first division and the cadre regiment cross the river here as the right column, under the command of Liu Nie, and advance along the east bank of the Dadu River; The Fifth Corps formed the left column and marched along the west bank of the Dadu River. The troops on both sides supported each other and went up the river to capture the Luding Bridge. The Military Commission column and the rest of the troops crossed the river through the Luding Bridge. If the two roads cannot meet and are separated, Liu Nie led his troops to go alone to create a situation in Sichuan." After Mao finished speaking, both Zhou and Zhu agreed, and then in the name of Zhu De, chairman of the Military Commission, sent corresponding telegrams to the various legions. There is Luding Bridge in the west of Luding City, which is the only passage on the Dadu River connecting the two banks, and the east of the bridge is connected with Luding City.泸定桥是铁索做成的。从东岸到西岸有十三根用粗铁环连成的长索。两边各两根，做为桥栏，底下并排九根，做为桥面。桥面上横铺着木板，行人走上去，摇摇晃晃。下面奔腾的激流咆哮着，令人毛骨悚然。 守桥的是刘文辉部第24军第4旅第38团（欠一营）。原以为红军从富林渡河，直至5月28日团长李全山才令周桂三营由冷碛跑步前往泸定桥布防。周派连长饶杰带20多人为先遣队，带上全团的旗帜，28日傍晚到达泸定，将旗帜插遍全城，虚张声势，然后上桥拆除桥板，因士兵疲劳不堪，又多是“烟枪兵”，烟瘾发作，进度很慢，把桥面拆得七零八落。周营主力赶到泸定桥时已是29日凌晨3点钟了，立即构筑工事，进入阵地。 林彪把抢占泸定桥的任务交给了红4团。安顺场离泸定桥160公里，命令他们3天赶到，29日要把泸定桥拿下来。团长王开湘、政委杨成武率领红4团以“要桥不要命”的精神硬是29日早晨6点钟赶到了。 总攻泸定桥的战斗于下午4点打响。王开湘和杨成武在桥头指挥战斗。2连连长廖大珠、指导员王海云、支部书记李友林率领19名红军战士（可惜没有留下他们的姓名），在凌厉的冲锋号声中冲上泸定桥。守敌周营见22位英雄硬是不怕死往前冲，虽然有6人因中弹或失手坠入深渊，英雄们仍前仆后继，不久，后续部队也上来了，守敌军心动摇，打了一阵，放火烧了桥东的凉亭就往后跑。 因长李全山得知红军从泸定桥打过来了，在电话里向旅长袁国瑞告急。第4旅旅部设在泸定城南50里的龙八部。刘伯承令邓华和萧华率红2团直取龙八部，配合夺桥战斗。袁国瑞接到泸定桥有失的电话时，旅部已乱了营。袁国瑞说：“我这里也很紧张，红军快打到旅部了。”29日17时，红4团乘敌犹豫动摇之际，冒着大火冲过了泸定桥，守敌向天全退去。刘伯承和聂荣臻进入泸定城时，已是5月30日凌晨两点了。 刘伯承和聂荣臻不顾鞍马劳顿，坚持要去看看泸定桥。杨成武提上马灯，陪着两位首长从桥东走到桥西。刘伯承对每根铁索甚至铁环都看得十分仔细，好像要把整个泸定桥印在自己的脑海里。他从桥西折回走到桥中央的时候，停住脚步，扶着桥栏，俯视大渡河的激流，着力地在桥板上连跺三脚，感慨地说：“泸定桥！泸定桥！我们为你花了多少精力和心血啊！那么多优秀的战士为你献出了宝贵的生命。现在我们胜利了，我们胜利了！蒋介石要红军当石达开的迷梦破灭了，彻底破灭了！”