Chapter 10 Chapter Ten He Long and the Lama

In 1936, during the long march of the 2nd and 6th Red Army Corps, they crossed the Haba Snow Mountain and headed north again after resting overnight.Along the way, there are steep cliffs, like climbing a ladder to heaven, overlooking the river, with blue and silver waves resounding through the valley.The old cypress crosses the tree, the clouds and mists seal the tree, and the traveler does not see the head of the horse. It is suspected that this journey will inevitably lead to a world of confusion.After walking for half a day, after crossing a mountain, I suddenly saw the vast dam, the wind is clear and the sun is bright, the sky is full of fragrant grass, full of yellow flowers, and the curtain is stretched around.Immediately refreshing.Going forward, the city looks like a smoldering smoke, like a Wuling fisherman strayed into a fairyland of Taoyuan.

This city is the county seat of Zhongdian at the junction of Yunnan and Kangxi, and all the people in the city are Tibetans.In the past, it was under the jurisdiction of Xikang Tusi. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, it was a county under Yunnan Province, with an area of ​​six to seven hundred miles.Compared with the counties in the mainland, the area is relatively large, and it is divided into 10 counties, which is not small.However, the land is sparsely populated.The other terrains belong to part of the Kham-Tibet Plateau, all of which are above 3,000 meters above sea level.The Hengduan Mountains stretch from north to south, with many dangerous terrains.

He Long led his men and horses to Zhongdian, about one mile away from the city. He ordered the main force to stop, took out the binoculars, and looked into the city.After a while, someone reported that the vanguard had arrived at the city, and there was no one to resist.He Long said: "Since the invincible soldiers are resisting, people and horses will enter the city." With an order, the brigade marched into the city mightily.He Long entered the city, looked left and right, and saw that the buildings in the city did not use bricks and tiles, but built soil as walls and covered them with wooden boards.The cobblestones on the board seem to be to prevent the strong wind from blowing them away.On the ridge of the roof, there is a long pestle, and red prayer flags are tied to it, and the prayer flags are fluttering in the wind.There were Sanskrit characters printed on the prayer flags. He Long looked strange, pointed at the prayer flags, and asked Ren Bishi, "Bishi, what's the use of this?"

Ren Bishi said: "Tibetans believe in Buddhism, they print Sanskrit on the prayer flags, and want to use the wind to broadcast the sound of the Dharma." He Long nodded, said "If you believe it, you will have it, if you don't believe it, you will not have it", and then walked forward again. There are two streets in Zhongdian City, where cows and horses are cluttered, muddy, and filthy. Most of the shops along the street are closed, and many houses are also closed. Only some old and weak people stand on the street, staring blankly at the Red Army.It turned out that the Fanmin in the city didn't know the Red Army well, so they had already fled.

At the moment, Ren Bishi issued an order: All troops must respect Tibetans' religious beliefs, customs and habits, and must not interfere with people's affairs.The troops stuck to camp.Give an order, the Red Army horses, all sleep on the streets, clean the streets, and write slogans on the walls.Some small shop owners who hadn’t had time to run boldly opened their doors for business. Seeing the exemplary actions of the Red Army, the Fanmin were moved. Some people who could speak Chinese started talking with the Red Army cadres. The Red Army went north to fight against Japan.Seeing that the Red Army was a division of benevolence and righteousness, these people ran to call back all the Fanmin who were hiding outside the city.All of a sudden, all the shops in Zhongdian City opened their doors, and the business was booming.The Red Army had strict discipline, and the merchants were very moved, and all praised the Red Army as a righteous army.

In the middle of the year, there was no well in the whole city, but only one spring source, which was used by the whole city for drinking and washing.The Red Army had a lot of horses and a lot of water. Fanmin women all took the initiative to carry water for the Red Army. They used wooden buckets tied with belts and put them on their backs. They moved very quickly.It was the time when the sun was setting, but the streets were full of people with backwaters.The scoop for fetching water is made of folded bark, light in weight and large in capacity.On the bank of the spring, there are many people who fetch water.Those women carrying water, while fetching water, sang folk songs:

When the Red Army comes, go home.The Red Army paid extremely high rewards to the Fanmin who helped the Red Army back.The Tibetans said happily: "When the Kuomintang soldiers came to Zhongdian, they beat us, scolded us, and even robbed us. The Red Army is here. It's different. They will give us money for everything. The Red Army is good." While fetching water in the setting sun, there was the sound of pounding milk from every Tibetan house.They take cow's milk and put it in wooden barrels, pound it to make it ferment, the one that floats up is ghee, the one that sinks down is milk dregs, and the one in the middle is lactic acid. These are the main food of Tibetans.The Red Army is here, the hospitable Fanmin, welcome the Red Army by making these foods.

Outside the north gate of Zhongdian City, there is a grassland with a radius of more than ten miles.The grassland is surrounded by mountains, like living in the bottom of the pan.There is a brook, which twists and turns.There are several water mills set up along the stream, which grind barley for noodles all day long.On the prairie, there are many wild ducks, flying low and circling, and their hoarse voices are in harmony with the sound of water milling. On this quiet prairie, it shows its leisurely and open atmosphere. He Long and the generals were discussing the military situation in the room. Someone reported that the Lama Shanaguwa of Guihua Temple had come and wanted to negotiate with the Red Army.

When He Long heard this, he said happily: "It's just in time, I'm going to the Lama Temple." After that, he went out to welcome him. Why did the Lama Temple send Xanaguwa to negotiate with the Red Army?There is a reason for this. At the end of the grassland in the middle of the year, there is a majestic building complex lying under the foot of the mountain. This is the famous Zhongdian Guihua Temple.This temple is one of the famous thirteen jungles in Kangzang, and it is also the largest Lama Temple in Yunnan.This temple was built by the Qing court, and the outer walls are all dyed ocher.In the middle of the main hall, the roof is covered with a layer of pure gold leaf, which is dazzling.There are more than a thousand lamas in the temple, who believe in the Yellow Sect, and the lamas are given rations by the imperial court.The temple is divided into eight "Kang villages". What does "Kangcun" mean?It is the living area where the lamas in the temple live separately due to the area.There are subordinate organs above each Kang village, which are divided into educational affairs, finance, and law enforcement. Each department is in order, just like a small society.The supreme ruler in the temple is the "Laozhuang meeting" composed of "eight old monks".

There are more than 900 guns in Guihua Temple, and there are lama cavalry led by resourceful lamas in the temple.The horse team is strictly disciplined and the personnel are fierce.In this way, Guihua Temple naturally became the biggest force in the area.Even the Zhongdian County Government survived under its protection.When civil cases are unresolved, they all obey the orders of the Lama Temple.Therefore, Guihua Temple is actually the highest authority in Zhongdian. When the Red Army arrived in Zhongdian, some of Wang Jiading's soldiers, who had been dispersed by the Red Army, fled here and told the eight old monks how powerful the Red Army was.The lamas were all terrified.When they learned that the Red Army was marching in the middle of the month, they all panicked and immediately closed the gate of the temple.Among the eight old monks in the temple, some are fighting and some are fleeing.When the discussion was inconclusive, the little lama who had been sent out to inquire about the news came back and told the situation of the Red Army sleeping on the streets and strict military discipline.They also brought some slogans and notices distributed by the Red Army.All the old monks rushed to pass on these slogans first.At this time, a lama named Shana Guwa came to the Eight Great Monks, knelt on his knees and said: "For the sake of the lives of all the brothers and sisters in the temple, Shana is willing to meet the Red Army and negotiate with the Red Army. Please don't disturb me." Temple, if I am killed by the Red Army, I will live in my family, please respectfully ask the temple to take care of me."

How to explain the name of Shanaguwa?Shana is the surname, and Guwa is the title of his job.His duty is to take care of the highland barley in the temple and the clothes used for Tiaoshen.The old monks were naturally happy when they saw that Shana Guwa volunteered to go to see the Red Army, and immediately made a guarantee: if there is an accident in Shana Guwa's trip, his family's livelihood will be taken care of by the temple.In this way, Xanaguwa put on his coat and hat, rode to Zhongdian City, and asked to see the Red Army.When He Long heard that a lama from Guihua Temple had come to see him, he was very happy.Welcome in person.Shanaguwa entered the city and saw that the streets in the city were cleaned up, the business was fair, and there were laughter and songs everywhere.Most of the timidity towards the Red Army has disappeared.Seeing He Longgong again, I was even more moved.At that moment, Xanaguwa and He Long entered the room, the host and guest were seated, and someone offered tea.He Long's enthusiasm dispelled all Xanaguwa's doubts.He clasped his palms together and invited He Long to speak in the Zhenjing hall in the city.He Long smiled and agreed.At that moment, the two of them arrived at the Jingjing hall, and after they were seated again, the host and guest chatted happily.He Long told Xanaguwa that the Red Army was different from the official army. They never beat or cursed people, and they never robbed the common people.The Red Army respects the religious beliefs of the Fan people and protects the safety of Lama Temples and lamas.In the end, He Long proposed to Shanaguwa that the Red Army was short of food, and hoped that the eight old monks would help prepare the food and fodder, and the Red Army would pay according to the price.Seeing He Long's earnest words, Shana Guwa clasped his hands together and said: "The food issue can be discussed. After returning to the temple, explain it to the eight old monks, and then give an answer." After saying that, he got up and wanted to go back to the temple. He Long said: "Master, please wait for a while, wait for me to write a letter with the eight old monks, and transfer it to the eight old monks." At that moment, He Long wrote a letter in his own name, which read: Xanaguwa took the envelope, and saw the words "Qi, the eight great old monks in charge" written on it.Shanaguwa put away the letter, and He Long ordered some gifts to be given to Shanaguwa, and ordered some more gifts for Shanaguwa to hand over to the eight old monks.Xanaguwa was very happy to see the ceremony.Afterwards, return to Guihua Temple. When Shanaguwa returned to the temple, all the old monks immediately surrounded him. Shanaguwa told the story of meeting He Long, and showed He Long's letter to the old monks.All the old monks read the letter and said in unison: "The Red Army is indeed a benevolent and righteous army. We can't take it lightly. We need to help the Red Army with food." After discussing it properly, the eight old monks decided to help the Red Army with food in the name of the temple.The next day, on the small street managed by the Lama Temple, a mile-long pavement of sandalwood cloth was spread, and the sandalwood cloth was piled up with highland barley carried by young lamas.After that, he sent Xana Guwa to Zhongdian City to meet He Long and explain the situation.He Long was very happy when he heard this, and asked Shanaguwa to convey his thanks to the old monks.Afterwards, representatives were sent to exchange with silver dollars.Then, He Long sent another company of troops to stand guard outside the temple and put up a notice not to allow any miscellaneous personnel to enter the temple.All lamas working for the Red Army were given red cloth badges to wear on their chests, and they traveled between Guihua Temple and Zhongxun City.Shana Guwa and other lamas were highly valued by the Red Army, and they worked more actively and enthusiastically for the Red Army. He Long awarded Shana Guwa a letter of appointment.wrote: Xanaguwa received the letter of appointment, put his hands together on his chest, and acted very happy.Later, he thanked He Long for his respect, and gave He Long a very delicate Tibetan bowl, which was made of wood and inlaid with silver inside and on the base. It was a tableware for Tibetans to drink butter.He Long happily put away the bowl. The lamas of Guihua Temple not only supported the Red Army with highland barley, but also supported a part of the Red Army with brown sugar.On the Kangzang Plateau, brown sugar is very precious.Only when distinguished guests come, brown sugar is served.Seeing the strict discipline of the Red Army, the lamas were so moved that they thanked the Red Army with brown sugar.The Red Army paid according to the price, but the lama refused, so he must give it to the Red Army.After Ren Bishi repeatedly stated that the Red Army did not take needles from the masses, the lama accepted the money. The sincerity of the Red Army moved the eight old monks very much.The Lama Temple decided to hold a "Dancing God" ceremony to welcome the Red Army.He Long readily agreed.On this day, the sky is clear, the wind is sunny, and the spring is beautiful.He Long led forty representatives of the Red Army and was invited to the temple.The eight old monks led the lamas to welcome them in front of the temple gate.After entering the temple, He Long and others were brought into the scripture hall to offer highland barley wine and buttered tea.After that, he took He Long to visit Guihua Temple.He Long saw that the temple was majestic with golden roofs and cornices, carved beams and painted buildings. There were murals, statues and bright butter flowers carved everywhere in the temple, and he was full of praise. On the square in the temple, the welcome ceremony began, and representatives of the Red Army offered silk khatas to the eight old monks.Offering hada is the most important etiquette of Tibetans, and hada is a delicate white silk scarf.When meeting someone, you must first offer a hada. If you don't offer a hada, it is considered disrespectful to the other party.After the representatives of the Red Army presented Hada, the eight old monks also presented Hada to the Red Army on behalf of the lamas of Guihua Temple.Afterwards, He Long gave a speech. He said that the Red Army was a team led by Chairman Mao of the Communist Party. It passed through Zhongdian in order to go north to fight against Japan and drive away Japanese imperialism.Here, the Red Army is very grateful for the help of the lamas in Guihua Temple.After He Long finished his speech, he presented the lama with a brocade curtain in his own name. The red silk brocade curtain had the four characters "Xingsheng Fanzu" written on it.After the Red Army left, the eight old monks kept the brocade curtain. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, this precious revolutionary cultural relic was sent to the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution in Beijing for collection. After the eight old monks received the brocade curtain presented by He Long, the "Dancing God" activity began.There are more than 30 lamas in the temple, all wearing masks like bull's head and horse face, beating gongs and drums, come out to dance in pairs, and perform for the representatives of the Red Army. "Tiaoshen" is a more solemn activity in Fan District. It is held once every winter month to celebrate the harvest and good luck.The Tiaoshen this time was an exception held by the Lama Temple to welcome the Red Army. After the "Dancing God", everyone went back to the scripture hall and sat down separately. He Long drank a bowl of butter tea. At this time, the eight old monks made a request to He Long. What demands did these eight old monks make to He Long? In Zhongdian County, there is a place called Dongwarong, which consists of eight villages, large and small, and is known as the hometown of thieves.Every year after the autumn harvest, these thieves gathered in groups, armed with live ammunition, and robbed everywhere on horseback, and Zhongxun City was the place they frequently visited.Every time they loot, the chickens and dogs are terrified, open fire enters the house, and they run away with their suitcases and bags.The officers and soldiers in Yunnan Province were hundreds of miles away, and by the time they heard of their arrival, the robbers had already drifted away.Sometimes when the officers and soldiers advance to suppress, these bandits dare to openly resist with danger.Why do Dongwarong villagers think they are robbers?The reason is that it is adjacent to Xikang's Derong and Xiangcheng counties, which are also the hometown of famous bandits.The people of Dongwarong are unbearable. They are far away in the frontier. They can neither beg for protection from the government, nor can they buy their own guns and unite for self-defense.So, he turned to his way and returned to his hometown.They robbed their cattle, robbed their sheep, robbed their villages, and destroyed their homes.For a long time, it was able to stand out from the blue, impress its neighbors, and further use its strengths to display it within the territory of Zhongdian County.In this way, in the middle of the city, every family purchased firearms and organized a cavalry team, led by a thousand local soldiers and lamas in lama temples. After a few years, they became a powerful army with seven or eight hundred guns.From then on, the thieves from Dongwarong dared not attack openly.However, the hatred among them accumulated deeper and deeper.If there is a gap, they will take the opportunity to attack and harass.This mutual fighting has become the crux of the dispute on the northwestern border between Yunnan and Kangxi. At the beginning of 1930, the Central Committee of the Kuomintang sent Gesang to Dongwarong to express his condolences to the villagers.The village chiefs issued a letter of reconciliation, no longer engaged in robbery, and were willing to obey the government.After Gesang Zeren left, about half a year later, the two sides fought again due to gaps, and Zhongdian City was robbed again.At that time, Yang Minjie, the magistrate of Zhongdian County, saw the Dongwarong people robbing everywhere and could not control them. He recruited two bandits and appointed them as the battalion officer Daiben.Dai's surname is Bird, he is a bloated hunchback, and everyone calls him a camel.But he is good at riding a horse. Once on the back of a horse, he is as vigorous as a swift ape.He often wears a lance, and sleeps and sleeps with him.Although Yang Minjie recruited the two men, the two sides fought several times, and the officers and soldiers could not support them.Fortunately, the Lama Temple horse team was dispatched, and the Dongwarong bandits retreated.Before the Red Army came to Zhongdian, the county magistrate Yang Minjie heard that the Red Army had killed corrupt officials and punished them. He was afraid, so he took Yang Yingguan, Niao Daiben and his troops and fled early.After all, the request made by the eight old monks to He Long was that the Red Army help the Lama Temple to wipe out the Dongwarong thieves.After hearing this, He Long said with a smile: "The Red Army can help with this, but the villagers in Dongwarong are also poor people. The Red Army cannot kill innocent people indiscriminately. Can you send someone to notify the village heads of Dongwarong to come here? The Red Army is willing to come here." Mediation for both of you." An old monk said: "I'm afraid mediation will be useless. In the past, Gesang Tsering also mediated for this purpose. Less than half a year after he left, they resumed their old skills and resumed their old business." He Long said with a smile: "It's okay, if he comes, I will know the advantages and disadvantages, and they will be convinced." Seeing what He Long said, the eight old monks were dubious, so they sent representatives to Dongwarong and invited the head of the eight villages in Dongwarongdi.He Long hosted a banquet in honor of the head of the eight villages and the eight old monks.During the banquet, He Long and Ren Bishi both said that ethnic groups should be united and harmonious, and should not kill each other.He also talked about how the Red Army went north to fight against the Japanese, falsely passing through this place, and received help from the local Mongolian people and lamas. The Red Army expressed its deep gratitude for this.The head of Bacun village has heard that the Red Army is a benevolent and righteous army. Seeing He Longping waiting for others, he immediately said that he would no longer make a living by looting and was willing to support the Red Army with food and supplies.After the banquet, He Long also sent gifts to the eight village heads, and the eight village heads led a Red Army propaganda team to widely publicize the purpose of the Red Army to the villagers.Many poor villagers joined the Red Army after hearing the propaganda.Within a day, the Red Army recruited dozens of recruits here and purchased a batch of highland barley. The Red Army raised some food in Zhongdian, but because Zhongdian was a remote town, even with the support of lamas, it could not meet the food needs of tens of thousands of Red Army troops.Therefore, He, Ren and others decided that they should not stay here any longer and should continue to go north. He Long thought that the troops would travel northward in the Tibetan area, and they would inevitably encounter various local forces. It would be safer if they had armed escorts from the Lama Temple, so he wrote an order to the eight old monks: The eight old monks received He Long's order and immediately sent two teams of cavalry to advance with the Red 2nd and 6th Army.On the second day, the Red Army was divided into left and right groups. The Red 2nd Army was on the left, passing through Nia and Benzilan, and headed towards Derong; Under the leadership of He Long, the 2nd Red Army marched northwestward with the fourth division as the vanguard after leaving Zhongdian City.After a rest in Zhongdian, the fatigue of the commanders and fighters has recovered.The cadres and soldiers have also added clothes to keep out the cold. These clothes are of course all kinds of strange things. Wear straw sandals.Some soldiers walked forward with strings of bowls of sugar and grain bags on their backs. One ranch after another was left behind the mountains by the Red Army. At noon on May 7, at the foot of Qiaotou Mountain, He Long ordered the troops to rest at the foot of the mountain, eat some dry food, and prepare to enter the mountain.With an order, the buglemen of all battalions and companies blew their rest horns.When the people and horses heard the sound of the trumpet, they all stopped, and the people sat in the grass under the tree to get a fire to boil water, and the horse let go of its bit and ate the young grass.Since this is already the boundary of Derong, when the troops set off early in the morning, He Long released the troops from Guihua Temple in Zhongdian who accompanied them back, and gave generous gifts. The lamas in the cavalry left happily. Seeing that the troops were resting in place, He Long dismounted too, and ate the barley noodles with Ren Bishi, Guan Xiangying and others. He had just put a mouthful of barley noodles in his mouth when suddenly there was a burst of gunfire from the mountain in front, and everyone immediately ate the barley noodles. Surprised, He Long hurriedly sent someone to ask what was going on. What happened up front?It turned out that when the large troops stopped to rest, the vanguard company of the Red 4th Division did not rest. They entered the mountain and groped forward along the rugged path.This place is a mountainside pass, uninhabited, with steep rocks and natural caves like giant rooms.Next to the Juejian, it is unfathomable.Miwang ancient tree forest, all surrounded by three or four people, is tens of feet high, and the shadows cover the sky.The ancient vines are entwined, the vines are as thick as an arm, and the leaves are tender green, which can be broken at the touch of a hand, and the cover is a thousand-year-old thing.Due to the lack of pedestrians, the mountain trails were all blocked by ancient vines. Soldiers cut off the ancient vines with sabers and moved away the dead trees to open a way in the high mountains.Followed by the vanguard company were five members of the Propaganda Team of the Fourth Red Division. These people brushed and wrote slogans at appropriate places as they walked.There was a huge boulder standing on the side of the road, very smooth, just right for writing, and several people wrote down the words "The Red Army is a good friend of the Fanmin".After finishing writing, the five of them sat down to rest. At this moment, gunshots rang out halfway up the mountain, and bullets whizzed towards them. Two propaganda team members were shot and died at that time.The advance guard company of the Red Army heard the gunshots and quickly dispersed. Who was the shooter?It turned out that Wang Jiading's soldiers who had been dispersed by the Red Army fled here, and then lobbied Derong's chieftain, gathered some troops, and ambushed the Red Army here. After the avant-garde company met the fire with the Tibetan soldiers, because the Tibetan soldiers were condescending and the terrain was favorable, the avant-garde troops were in a passive situation, and some soldiers died.After hearing the news, Tang Fulin, Chief of Staff of the Fourth Red Division, and Gao Liguo, Chief of Staff of the Fifth Red Regiment, rushed to the Qianwei Company and commanded the troops to attack the mountain guarded by Tibetan soldiers.Due to the favorable terrain and extremely accurate marksmanship of the Tibetan soldiers, not only did the attack fail, Tang Fulin and Gao Liguo were unfortunately shot and died.When the division commander Lu Dongsheng learned of this, he flew to the front line. After looking at the terrain, he ordered the heavy machine gun company to climb up one side of the hill and shoot at the Tibetan soldiers with heavy machine guns. Where have those Tibetan soldiers seen such weapons? Machine guns As soon as they roared, they all turned around and fled in fright, and the Red Army seized the position of the barbarians.Some who ran slowly were caught by the Red Army and became prisoners. At this time, He Long, Ren Bishi, Guan Xiangying, etc. all rushed over. Seeing that Tang Fulin and Gao Liguo had died, everyone was very sad. They immediately took off their hats and paid tribute to the bodies of the two martyrs. Dripping lime water, wrote a few large characters on the rock with grief: The green mountains bow their heads to praise the loyal bones, and the green water sings praises to the heroic souls. At this time, the captured Tibetan soldiers were brought to He Long. When these Fan soldiers saw the remains of the sacrificed Red Army, their legs trembled in fright.He Long called the chieftain and asked him to speak kindly to the captive soldiers, saying that the Red Army only kills the leader, not the subordinates. You are ignorant, and you were deceived before attacking the Red Army. The Tibetan soldiers against the Red Army should not be fooled by a small group of bad guys. The Red Army and the Fanmin are friends.Tongsi translated He Long's words to the Tibetan soldiers. After hearing this, the Tibetan soldiers were so grateful that they kowtowed on the ground to thank the Red Army for not killing them.Afterwards, He Long ordered the guns to be returned to the Fanbing soldiers, and the Fanbing soldiers left with their guns. He Long ordered the captives to be let go. Many soldiers around were so angry that their eyes bulged. They said to He Long: "Commander He, these barbarians are extremely unreasonable. Among the barbarians captured today, there is one who has been arrested three times by us." , he still beat us, instead of killing him, let him go, let them run back and beat us again?" Before He Long could speak, Ren Bishi said: "Everyone, don't worry, Mr. He did the right thing. To deal with the Fanbing, you can only take what you want, but you can't force it. Back then, Zhuge Liang captured Meng Huo seven times and captured Meng Huo seven times. How many times have we let go of Fanbing?" The general secretary on the side also praised He Long's actions, saying that after these soldiers left, they would publicize the benefits of the Red Army.After Tong Si said this, the soldiers stopped talking.At the moment, everyone buried the bodies of the martyrs, and the brigade continued to march towards Derong. He Long led the 2nd Red Army from Zhongdian to Derong, and went up the river. The men and horses were completely marching in the steep mountains, but seeing the mountains like sword rows and the water boiling like soup, the men and horses circled back and forth on the ridge. , when in Jiangxi.There are many places where there is almost no way to go.Due to the rugged mountain trails, they could not ride horses, so He Long, Ren Bishi and others had to walk.At noon that day, when the troops were resting, He Long said to Guan Xiangying, "Xiang Ying, this Xikang is really remote." Guan Xiangying looked at the vast virgin forest and said: "Actually, this place is full of treasures, but because of inconvenient transportation, many precious resources cannot be exploited. After the revolution wins, I will come here to develop this treasure." He Long said: "Build railways and roads first." A few orderlies said, "Mr. He, don't forget us by then." He Long waved his hand: "The revolution has won, you must improve your schools and study hard. How can you build the motherland without culture?" Everyone said, the bugle sounded, and the team continued to move forward.The mountains here are really high, sometimes it takes a day for a mountain to be overturned.And within two or three days, there will be no human habitation.When they set off from Zhongdian, they brought less and less food, and the cadres and soldiers were looking forward to arriving in Derong County as soon as possible.On the sixth day, many people's dry food bags were empty, so they had to go hungry and gritted their teeth.Fortunately, it is only half a day away from Derong, and the commanders and fighters can bear it. He Long, Ren Bishi and other legion leaders saw that the troops had run out of food, they were very anxious, and they also looked forward to arriving in Derong early.After a short rest at noon, the people and horses set off. He Long felt that he had traveled seven or eight miles.Four or five miles ahead, high mountains lie across.After walking for another moment, word came from the front that they had arrived at Derong City.At that moment, He Long, Ren Bishi and Guan Xiangying rushed to the front with a few followers.Several people walked for about tens of minutes. When they saw Lu Dongsheng, He Long glanced at the empty mountains and said, "Dongsheng, why didn't the troops leave until they reached Derong City?" Lu Dongsheng said: "Boss, here we are, this is Derong City." He Long took a look and saw neither the city nor the people, so he asked in surprise, "Where is Derong City?" Lu Dongsheng pointed to the three low houses and said, "Boss, this is the Derong County Government. The county magistrate's office and residence are here." He Long asked again: "Where do the common people live?" Lu Dongsheng said: "The entire Derong County has only 1,800 people, which is not as big as a village in the interior." After Lu Dongsheng finished speaking, He Long's eyes straightened.Why?The troops had run out of food, and they were hoping to replenish food and rice here, but they never expected that Derong County would look like this.How to solve the food for more than 10,000 people?He was naturally anxious.He Long frowned, took out his pipe, filled a bag of cigarettes, and sat on a big rock by the side of the road.At this time, Ren Bishi said to Lu Dongsheng: "Dongsheng, call the general secretary, and I will talk to him." Lu Dongsheng agreed and left.After a while, Tong Si came, Ren Bishi handed him a cigarette, after smoking, everyone sat on the floor.Ren Bishi asked Tong Si about the situation in Derong City.Tong Si said: "In this place of Derong, the people are nomads. They live here indefinitely. They only live in the Lama Temple, where the barley is stored for many years. But I have never been to the Lama Temple. The general direction is behind the mountain in front. .” Ren Bishi heard Tong Si finished speaking, and said to Lu Dongsheng: "Dongsheng, find a way to find a lama." Lu Dongsheng went away. At this time, it was getting late, and the troops camped on the spot. There was no food, so everyone had to find some wild vegetables and cook them in teapots to satisfy their hunger.After dawn the next day, the men and horses walked towards the Lama Temple. After walking for about an hour, they saw a scout from the reconnaissance company of the Fourth Red Division bring a lama on horseback. The lama was in his thirties. , shaved head, wearing a yellow robe.Lu Dongsheng walked up to the lama and asked the lama a question, but the lama stared blankly and looked panic-stricken.The scout reported to Lu Dongsheng that the lama did not understand Chinese.At this time, Tong Si was still at the army headquarters.Lu Dongsheng personally guarded the lama, came to the army headquarters, and met He Long.Lu Dongsheng explained the situation, and He Long went over in person to help the Lama get off his horse.The lama became more and more frightened.He Long asked Tong Si to come forward and do the work.Tongsi then told the Lama in Fan language that the Red Army was a team of the poor, not an army of the Kuomintang, and they ran out of food as they passed by. He heard that there was a Lama Temple here, and he wanted to go to the temple to buy some food. He asked the old Lama for advice.Tongsi spoke for half an hour, and the lama's doubts were relieved. The lama pointed to the big mountain in front of him and said, "You have taken the wrong road. The mountain in front of you will not pass. You must return to Derong, and then walk southwest along the main road. Just cross the mountain and go north.” He Long, Ren Bishi and others thanked the lama and asked the lama to lead the way. Seeing that He Long and others had a kind attitude, the lama completely dispelled his doubts and nodded in agreement.He Long issued another order with three points: 1. The rear team changed to the front team, returned to Derong, and took the road to the Lama Temple; 2. After arriving at the Lama Temple, respect the customs and habits of ethnic minorities and do not disturb the lamas; It must be carried out in an organized manner, and all the food raised will be turned over and distributed by the army headquarters.At this moment, a staff officer surnamed Li came to He Long and said a few words in a low voice. After hearing this, He Long couldn't help frowning, and said to Guan Xiangying, "Xiang Ying, go and deal with it. ” Then he said to Staff Li: “Staff Li, go and tell Deputy Political Commissar Guan about the situation.” After He Long finished speaking, he asked the old lama to get on his horse, and the large group of people turned their heads, and the rear team was the front team, rushing towards Longrong Lama Temple. Staff Officer Li reported the situation to Guan Xiangying.What did he report?The 13th Regiment of the 5th Division of the Red 2nd Army was a newly formed regiment during the Long March.Its source of troops is composed of Echuan border guerrillas.Therefore, the combat effectiveness of this regiment is weak, but its guerrilla habits are strong.Among them, a guerrilla team from the north of Lichuan County was also incorporated into this regiment. The captain, Ma Yanhe, had a pockmarked face when he was a child. Thirty or so divine soldiers were rescued by He Long's troops because of the tight pursuit by the government, and they took refuge in He Long.He Long appointed him as the captain of the guerrillas, and they were still active in the northern area of ​​Lichuan. At that time, he gave them some guns.Ma Dazi's activities in the Lichuan area were not bad. During the Long March of the Red Army, guerrillas from all over the country were gathered together, and they were called to Liujiaping, Sangzhi, where they were organized into the 13th regiment and 13th company.The deputy company commander was uneducated, and he didn't care about the size of the officials, but he couldn't stand the hardships of the Red Army. Not long after he set off from Sangzhi, he began to scold the street, saying that if he marched and fought like this, he would be tired if he didn't die. die. Ma Wenxiang, the instructor of the 13th company, did a lot of work for him, and asked him to persevere, saying that after joining forces with the Central Red Army, the situation would change.Ma Mazi was very reluctant.Even so, he still followed the Red Army, why?He didn't dare to go back to Lichuan, because he killed a lot of landlords and riches there, and the landlords and riches would definitely not spare him.Therefore, even though the Red Army marched and fought for days, he still gritted his teeth and persisted.Since the troops crossed the Jinsha River, Ma Dazi couldn't bear the hardship, and cursed almost every day.When I was in Zhongdian, because of a quarrel between the housing and the security company of the headquarters, the spy squad leader of the security company knocked out two teeth.For this matter, Ma Mazi was locked up for two days.It was not until the troops marched towards De Rong that he was released.Marching all the way, Ma Dazi still kept cursing, saying: "Damn it, everyone said that it is good to be in the Red Army. I said that being in the Red Army is worse than being a long-term worker. I don't even have food... Every day I talk about rendezvous with the Central Red Army. I don’t believe that the Central Red Army will come to this ghost place.” Seeing that he was in a bad mood, Ma Wenxiang severely criticized him and reported the situation to the battalion and regiment.Because he was too busy marching and fighting, he didn't do meticulous ideological work on Ma Dazi, so he was simply demoted to the role of platoon leader.As a result, Ma Dazi became even more angry, and he said in his heart: "Okay, Ma Wenxiang, betray me in front of the leader. I want you to know how powerful I am." A low-spirited soldier kidnapped Ma Wenxiang and left the team, defecting to the enemy. After Lieutenant Li explained the situation to Guan Xiangying, Guan Xiangying said, "Where have these people fled to now?" Lieutenant Li said: "According to the report from the 13th Regiment, they have already penetrated into the deep mountains and old forests." Guan Xiangying said: "It's going to rain, and my mother is going to get married. He can run away if he wants to. The revolution cannot be forced. We must accept this lesson and immediately launch a struggle against wavering and rebellion in the army." At the moment, Guan Xiangying drafted an order to fight against the traitors, and the engraver carved it overnight, and then issued the order.Later, on December 19, 1936, Ren Bishi said in his summary report on the political work of the 2nd and 6th Red Corps: Due to the lack of material life and the harsh natural environment, the political and ideological work of our troops has not been deepened, and has already shaken. mutiny event.After these cases occurred, we issued instructions on the struggle against rebellion, and the troops held training meetings many times to fight against wavering and rebellion, organized public trials, and executed four counter-revolutionary leaders. He Long led the Red 2nd Army, and under the guidance of the Lama, he turned back to Derong City and went straight to the Lama Temple.Due to hunger and disease, many people could not walk.He Long, Ren Bishi and other leading comrades gave up their horses to old, weak and sick soldiers to ride.For a while, all the cadres from top to bottom of the army did this, and the speed of the march was greatly accelerated.At noon, He Long and Ren Bishi climbed to the top of the mountain with the team.When I reached the top of the mountain, I saw a splendor of resplendent houses in front of my eyes. There were hundreds of halls, small halls, high towers, and low houses.Seeing this complex of buildings, the cadres and soldiers cheered happily, their whole body became energetic, and they almost descended the mountain in one breath.In front of the Lama Temple, He Long ordered Lu Dongsheng to send troops to guard.Then he entered the temple, but unexpectedly there was no one in the temple.It turned out that when the lamas in the temple heard that the Red Army was marching towards Derong, they all fled.Under the guidance of the lama, the Red Army found a large amount of rice, white flour, highland barley, tsampa, and ghee.After discussing with Ren Bishi, He Long handed Bai Yang and the letter to the lama.He Long said: "There is no one in the temple, so I have to ask you to thank the master." Tongsi translated He Long's words to the lama. After hearing this, the lama put his palms together and thanked him, saying that he had never seen such a good soldier. After the 2nd Red Army raised food at the Derong Lama Temple, they did not dare to stop more because of the lack of food, and continued to march north.又行了十数天，翻过两座大雪山，穿过绵延的峡谷，真是说不尽的艰险，道不完的困难，又有许多指战员，在行进途中被恶劣的气候夺去了生命。 这一日，红2军团前卫部队，又行至了一个叫鹦鹉嘴的险隘之下，遇到了土人武装抵抗。卢冬生指挥人马，将土人打跑。红军过了鹦鹉嘴之后，那些高山峻岭都不见了。展示大家眼前的，是起伏的丘陵地带。在这丘陵地带中，有一条大河，河水有两丈多宽，河水缓缓地流着，河岸边有一片荒石滩。时已近午，贺龙和军团指挥部人马走到了这里，大家见河滩干干净净，河水清清粼粼，便停下来休息。有的点火煮水，有的捆绑草鞋。贺龙取出鱼竿，蹲在河边钓鱼。 就在这时，突然从千余米外的森林中冲出一队藏族骑兵，约有三四百人，挥刀荷枪，直奔军团指挥部杀来。正在河滩休息的干部战士见状，都变得紧张起来。因为这时在河滩上休息的大部分是机关人员，由于前卫部队已经路过了这里，后边的部队也就麻痹，偏偏军团指挥部又同作战部队拉开了距离，没料到突然间来了这么一股番人骑兵。这时，番兵愈来愈近。人们都不由的把目光投到了正在钓鱼的贺龙身上。这时候，贺龙手握着鱼竿，望着飞驰而来的番兵，骂了声：“娘妈的，看老子身边没兵，想钻老子的空子。”他骂着，对身边的一个十四五岁的小号兵说：“给我吹号！”说完，又补充了一句，“吹调兵号！” 小号兵听了，立即拉开了架势，一只手插腰，一只手握号，吹响了调兵号。立时，响亮的号声在山野中回荡。正在行进的各师团营连的号兵，听到了军团指挥部的调兵号，都跟着吹了起来。 清脆的号音一响，把藏兵都吓懵了，他们不由的勒住了马，看着河滩的红军不慌不乱，又听号音不断，以为中了伏兵，吓得拨转马头，后队为前队，没命地逃跑了。这时，贺龙收起了鱼竿，对大家说：“此地不能久留，我们快些走吧。” 大家收拾了一下，继续前进。翻过了一道山岗，又过了一片树林，只见任弼时和关向应正在路旁，原来他二人是随红五师一起行进的。二人见了贺龙，忙说：“文常，听说你们差点儿遇险？” 贺龙笑笑说：“差点儿吃了大亏。” 任弼时说：“刚才侦察员报告，说巴安一带的喇嘛和藏民、土司，对官府和汉人的仇恨极深，听说我们来了，巴安的大小喇嘛寺里的喇嘛、老百姓、土司们，都跑光了，在鹦鹉嘴袭击我们的，还有突袭你们的番兵，都是巴安土司指使的。” 贺龙说：“为甚巴安土司、喇嘛同官府和汉人结了深仇？” 任弼时说：“侦察员了解了原委。” 当下，任弼时令人唤来了侦察员，这侦察员便把巴塘的情况，向贺龙讲了一遍。 在1904年锡良任四川总督时，巴塘为西康之首治。巴塘的鹦鹉嘴，是个交通咽喉之处。1904年，英帝国主义入侵拉萨，达赖出亡，清廷感到边疆重要，不能再消极因循，自偾大计；又见驻藏大臣有泰庸懦颟顸，处理事务失宜，致遭外侮，便派了张荫棠衔命入藏查办，并任命凤全为驻藏帮办大臣。凤全为满人，却久做川官，是个腐败官僚的典型。他做了钦差大臣后，坐着绿呢子大轿，向西藏进发。行至巴塘时，地方上三大势力代表都跪地迎接，凤全顺手用烟袋杆敲着他们的脑袋说：“你们这些蛮子，若再不就范，我就杀你们的头。”这些素称骠悍的土头们，受到了这样的侮辱，心中愤恨。接着，凤全又无端干涉地方行政，引起了土头和喇嘛的大愤，由巴塘丁宁喇嘛寺内的喇嘛首倡，包围了钦差大臣的行辕，当凤全在卫队们的保护之下，逃到鹦鹉嘴时，被先一日埋伏于此的喇嘛和番兵袭击。凤全被喇嘛们从大轿里拉出，尔后被乱刀砍死。清廷闻讯，震怒异常，四川总督锡良即派提督马维骐、建昌道员赵尔丰率兵出关进剿。巴塘土头喇嘛和百姓，见杀了钦差，大军压境，已处于生死关头，共谋以自救自保，于是调兵布阵，集力抵御。当两军交战以后，往复纠缠了不少时日，终以地方乌合之众落得败衄、崩溃，惨遭清军屠戮。接着，赵尔丰将丁宁喇嘛寺付之一炬，更乘势取消土司，实行改土归流。其他一切寺院，劫毁殆尽，巴塘土司自此受到沉重的创伤，便与官府和汉人结下了血海深仇。那些喇嘛，想到佛道尊严，僧众的声望，也想待机而发。 在巴塘这地方，有个桑披寺，丁宁寺与巴塘土司同官军决战时，曾联络过桑披寺协同行动，该寺喇嘛也点头同意，唯因准备不及，未能一致行动，致使丁宁寺失掉援助，受到惨重牺牲。桑披寺僧众于此甚有歉意。他们目击丁宁寺的命运，于是，多方设法，竭力筹措，加强自卫。同时，激励众僧，勾结土头及地方有力盗匪，结成联盟，共图大举。由普宗扎洼喇嘛负责军事指挥，诸事就绪，便开始驱杀汉人官吏。赵尔丰得信，一连三次派兵进剿，双方大战三月之久，官军终不能取胜。无奈，只得派了个姓施的游击前去说合。不但毫无结果，施游击还被剥皮而死。赵尔丰大怒，亲自出马督战，依然无效。其原因是桑披寺居高临下，守御坚强，军队环寺仰攻，不能逼近碉堡，以致徒取伤亡。赵尔丰见硬攻不行，便截断山中流入寺中的水源，依然无济于事。后再三打听，方知寺内用的是地下水。最后，赵尔丰在采金夫们的协助之下，才探明地下水脉，断绝了寺中水源。继而再挥兵发动总攻，不消半日，就把环寺的堡垒攻破。寺破后，又是一场大屠杀，屠杀的结果，使巴塘番人与官府的积怨更深。 话转回头。红军侦察员把情况向贺龙讲了一遍，贺龙对任弼时说：“既然这样，我们更要注意民族政策了。” 任弼时说：“马上向各师团政工干部介绍社情，加强对部队的纪律教育。” 贺龙说：“还要各级军事干部提高警惕，既然巴塘喇嘛和番民与汉人结仇这么深，他们又不了解我们军队宗旨，必定产生误会，我们不可做无畏的牺牲。” 任弼时同意贺龙之见。当下，贺龙传令，要各师团军事干部提高警惕，尽量避免同喇嘛和藏兵交锋。 当贺龙率人马进到巴塘之后，方知巴塘的喇嘛和番民都早已逃跑。贺龙传令： 凡动用百姓和喇嘛的粮食，必须留钱；凡门口挂上红布条和封门“神符”的，不能进住。 挂“神符”是怎么回事？原来，在红军到来之前，巴塘的番民就得到了信儿，以为是汉人军队又来屠杀，便携家带口的都跑了，并在门口上挂起了“神符”，让神来阻挡军队，保佑居家安宁。 红2军团人马在巴塘住了两天，从喇嘛寺里寻了一些粮食，由于寺里喇嘛早已逃跑，便留下了信和银元。高原之夜，寒气袭人，干部战士因番民屋不能进，都露宿街头，一个个冻得周身打颤。虽然如此，依然没有人擅入番民家居。两天之后，贺龙又率红2军团人马继续北上，直奔白玉城。 那些躲在山上的番民和喇嘛，见红军走了才胆颤心惊地下了山。进到房中，见东西原样未动，凡所取之物，尽皆付钱，一时间，都不由得挑起拇指道：“红军耶莫，耶莫！”耶莫就是顶呱呱的意思。后来，在巴塘一带，曾流传着这样一首歌谣：