Chapter 27 Huang Ziwen's report on the work in Sanyuan and the leadership of the Weibei Special Committee of the Communist Party of China

(November 19, 1932) First of all, we must understand that it is not that the revolutionary situation in Weibei and Shaanxi is not good for us. On the contrary, the growth of the revolutionary crisis and the outbreak of various mass struggles are just a warning to our party, which requires the party to follow the correct line and work of the Bolsheviks. Spirit to lead, to carry out the guerrilla movement in Shaanxi, to create a new Soviet area in Shaanxi.However, in carrying out the tasks of launching the guerrilla movement in Weibei and creating a new Weibei Soviet area, the Shaanxi Party completely ignored the enemy's oppression and suppression of the revolution, and the red areas in Weibei, and did not pay much attention to this task in Shaanxi. in front of the whole party.

In this spirit, the special committee in Weibei also ignored this task, and at the same time carried out the right and leftist lines, which caused the Weibei revolutionary movement to suffer a serious blow.First, the special committee did not understand the creation of the Soviet area, and believed that the enemy's attack on the red area of ​​Sanyuan was very dangerous, so there was no specific work plan and arrangement for dealing with and breaking through the enemy's encirclement and suppression in a planned way, and it did not take this serious situation into account. It was mentioned in front of the whole party in Weibei and the working people of workers and peasants.

The second one of the Special Committee [didn’t] understand it, thinking that the complete settlement of the land problem in the Wuzi District of Sanyuan meant breaking through the enemy’s encirclement and suppression, so they formed a conservative concept and did not pay attention to the correct settlement of the Wuzi District The enemy still wants to seize the land issue from the toiling masses. If we don’t understand that we must maintain the victory of the agrarian revolution in the Wuzi District, we can only achieve it by actively leading the struggle of the broad masses and launching guerrilla movements.Therefore, the special committee [ignored] the grain distribution leadership of the people in Yao County, the Fuping Farmer Movement was abandoned, and the work in several cities was [very] [not] actively established, and even the work around Sanyuan Wuzi District was ineffective. relax.

The third reason for the Special Committee's lack of understanding of the guerrilla movement was that the guerrilla movement could not be carried out widely. Instead, the guerrillas were reduced to the interior of the Wuzi District to protect the Wuzi District. Among the few things I don't understand, I will report what the special committee has done to carry out the Weibei guerrilla movement and create a new Weibei Soviet area. The special committee has not been to other counties for more than a month, and they are all concentrated in Wuzi District. Therefore, regardless of the party's problems or the problems of the masses in Wuzi District, the special committee is all and personally involved. A gun or [a] bullet has to be handled, and the special committee also gives speeches at mass meetings. The centralized political leadership of the special committee has been completely abandoned, and the role of the Sanyuan County Party Committee has been completely abolished.The Special Committee also discussed this issue, but it was only a discussion.Here I fought with Comrade Wang Lie, and my opinion was that the special committee has completely become the director of miscellaneous affairs. All the big and small problems in Wuzi District have affected the special committee, and they have given up all political leadership. This is a big problem in work. loss.The Special Committee should establish the Secretariat and the Military Commission in Wuzi District, and other agencies in Fuping, so that the Special Committee can calmly and centrally perform its leading role.Comrade Wang objected to my opinion at the time. The non-centralization of the work of the Special Committee was not a matter of moving or not, but a matter of the leadership of the Special Committee itself.

Since the Weibei expansion meeting, the special committee has not convened the entire executive committee, but only held several standing committee meetings.I have never been to Pucheng, Fuping, and Yaozhou, so I don’t know anything about the work in other places.I remember people came to Pucheng once, and Comrade Fuping Zhu San once came.I raised the issue of inspection at that time, Comrade Jeff waited until the October Revolution commemorated before going.During January, the special committee was completely unclear about the work in various places, and the worst [worst of all] was that they had no news about Yao County.

I participated in the Standing Committee of the Special Committee and only held one Standing Committee. Later, Comrade Wang Lie came from Xi’an to join the Standing Committee, and I served as an executive committee member. The Secretary of the Special Committee was Jeff, the organization was Koukou, and the military was Wang Lie. have no idea. During this period of work, the special committee did not have a good division of labor, so the work of each department was not established. The busiest members of the Standing Committee were a few comrades every day. Most of the other people sent did not have certain jobs. It's very idle.

In January, the special committee actively led the work in Sanyuan. The party in Sanyuan has indeed undergone a transformation. The number of party members has more than doubled. Take an active leadership role in allocating land. Regarding the issue of political power, the special committee decided to reorganize the previously established revolutionary committee at the Standing Committee, and convened a village representative meeting to reorganize the revolutionary committee. At that time, it was decided that I would be the chairman, Chongxiao would be in charge of land, and Pingzhang would be in charge of finance. The three of us would organize the party group. Chong Xiao served as secretary.Later, when Comrade Wang went to Sanyuan, he changed again. Ma Zhizhou, a local farmer in Sanyuan, was in charge of the land, Comrade Zheng was in charge of the military, and Comrade Zheng was the party secretary.At first it was decided to convene a meeting 20 days before the October Revolution Memorial Day, but it was not convened that day due to the enemy's attack, and it was decided to hold a meeting only fifteen days before the October Revolution Day, and elected five members of the presidium and five members. In this way, re-election was carried out, but the Revolutionary Committee has not yet carried out the tasks of his regime. In fact, it is still empty. The main reason is that there is no centralized leadership, and the committees at all levels have not held meetings. .This responsibility is of course mine, and it is also my fault for not understanding the government organs.At that time, the special committee also suggested that I would not concentrate on leadership and only do some small things. However, the party group did not discuss this serious issue. There was only one party group meeting, and only discussed the issue of the October Revolution Memorial Day. Strictly speaking , the Revolutionary Committee [Committee] did not have any specific work for him during the past fortnight, but only reorganized the Peasants' Federation, divided it into ten sub-committees, and expelled many rich peasant elements. As for the organization of village Soviets and township Soviets, there was no discussion at all. However, the party did not pay attention to this problem, so many tasks are still under the direct leadership of the party, or the leadership of the branch of the peasant federation, and all the work is extremely inconsistent.

The total population under the leadership of the Revolutionary Committee is about 20,000, the village has more than 100, and the land covers 150,000 mu. Seventy to one hundred people have formed their general assembly.They proposed a wage increase of 10 yuan, a cotton suit, the same food as the employer, bedding, no need to find an OEM, and no casual dismissal. The struggle program has been implemented. The Women's Federation is being organized and has been established. There are more than ten village associations in the two branches, with more than 300 members.The Red Guards formed ten brigades, numbering about 1,500 people.But many are not voluntary but forced.There are about 400 members in the Young Pioneers, and the organization is still not perfect.Only one village of the Children's Corps was established.There are about twenty members.The guerrilla team is the worst, only one squadron has been established, and the other squadrons are being sorted out. There are about forty or fifty members, all fully armed, and all of them are new.

The issue of allotment of land made a number of serious problems in the course of its implementation: First, the Sanyuan County Party Committee attempted to divide all the land equally from the very beginning, confiscating all land and distributing it equally. Second, the land of the rich peasants is not completely confiscated, only the surplus part of the rich peasants is confiscated, and the agricultural tools of the rich peasants are not moved at all. Third, most of the distribution is based on population, so that the rich peasants and rich peasants have a great benefit. Fourth, there is no delineation of land boundaries in the allocation of land, it is just a verbal statement of how much you will be allocated, and how much you will be allocated to him.

Fifth, there is no mention of the priority of farm laborers and poor peasants in the distribution of land, and the distribution of the best and most land. Sixth, there has not been any resolute allocation of land to the Red Army fighters outside. Seventh, all revolutionary people have not been called to discuss the land distribution, and the land distribution is only carried out by the peasant federation. Although there were the above mistakes, the party firmly led and implemented them. There is a sub-committee that has already been divided, and all of them are being distributed immediately. Almost everyone will get 12 to 15 mu.All the people in Wuzi District showed their enthusiasm for land distribution, and almost all the discussions in the streets were about how to divide the land.After the autumn harvest, most of the grain for the rich peasants was distributed, and all the rents of the rich peasants and landlords were completely waived, and the peasants voluntarily provided a small portion to the revolutionary committee.In the process of land distribution, it showed that the entire party's leadership on the land was insufficient. Most of the branches did not discuss land laws and regulations. The line of surrendering the rich peasants did not recognize the brutal struggle.

Without understanding the mission of the guerrilla movement, the special committee made serious mistakes regarding the guerrilla issue. The first is the sabotage of the work of the guerrillas. For more than a month, the actions of the guerrillas were invisible, and the guerrillas were not fully organized. Strategically, they adopted a defensive line, completely within the Wuzi area. A mechanical understanding of the organizational principles of the guerrilla army. It is necessary to organize three squadrons to operate on three fronts. They cannot be flexibly concentrated and dispersed. They organize as many players as there are guns. They do not cooperate with some old-fashioned weapons. They do not pay attention to the political and military education and training of the team members. Just bureaucratic leadership.When the enemy's attack on the Wuzi area was at its worst, the No. 1 Squadron set off. It didn't go around to the enemy's side or rear, and it didn't plan how to attack or how to retreat.They stayed in Ma'e town for two days, distributed food there, and were not prepared for the enemy's approach at all. As a result, they were attacked by the enemy once, lost fourteen guns, and killed five or six combatants. Paint] the ground.After the second [] squadron was organized, it was always in the Wuziqian area, living here today and there tomorrow. When the enemy came, they would have fled long ago, which aroused the resentment of the masses.Several arguments took place here: the first one was my argument with Comrade Wang.First of all, I got news from the enemy that the militia regiment of the Sanyuan garrison came from the south, Hu San came from the east, and the small earth army came from the north to encircle the situation.At that time, because there was no captain, I took temporary command of the military.The first squadron set off to Niu Village and harassed the rear of Xiaoqiu's army (the Xiaoqiu army lived in Ma'e Town at that time), the second squadron laid an ambush against Sanyuan on Loudipo, and the part formed by our comrades was in the middle to support.If the enemy's situation is serious and we can't win, the first squadron will retreat from Niucun to Zhaojin, and the second squadron and I will retreat from Beishou Yaojian to Zhaojin to meet up and then decide on a strategy. This was my military arrangement that night.Comrade Wang objected that I was going uphill, and at the same time did not implement it because the enemy situation was not like this the next day.Comrade Wang here did not understand at all that guerrillas must be able to attack and retreat militarily. At that time, if the guerrillas were buried in the Wuzi area and the enemy severely oppressed the Wu [zi area], they would not be able to gather. Today I still think that my military arrangements are correct, in line with the principles of guerrilla attack and retreat, concentration and decentralization.However, this problem was not resolved by the special committee, which pointed out how to disturb the enemy and how to control the entire guerrilla army militarily. Second, when the first [first] squadron set out for the Ma'e Town area, there was another argument with Comrade Wang on tactics.Comrade Wang insists that the guerrillas should go around Ma'e Town and not go very far. They can come back to rescue the enemy when they are preparing to attack the Wuzi area. Attacking Wuzi District is a strategy of retreating and defending, so I advocate that the guerrillas go to Niu Village, Rangniu Village, and Gaoshanhuai area. There are also organizations of the Agricultural Federation and mass struggles there. The opposition was not carried out, and the enemy's attack was defeated after staying near Ma'e Town for two days.Here, Comrade Wang did not understand the use of terrain at all. The guerrilla's violent offensive actions, even if the enemy cannot concentrate on attacking the Wuzi area, does not necessarily require the guerrillas to defend the Wuzi area at the border of the Wuzi area.All the comrades of the special committee think that the guerrillas are almost organized before taking action, so that the problem is not solved today, and the problem will not be solved tomorrow. .Another idea is to have three squadrons to act on three sides. If they don’t understand that when necessary, they will unite as one to move northward, split into two east and west sides, and move on three sides at the same time...etc. The demonstration movement for the October Revolution Memorial Day was proposed by the Party when it held the enlarged meeting in Weibei. After more than a month of mobilization and agitation, and after a long period of preparatory work by the entire Party, at the Revolutionary Committee, it was decided to start on the 6th. Lectures, parades and demonstrations on the 7th, entertainment on the 8th, all general mobilization.Unfortunately, there was an attack by the White Army on the 5th, so the mobilization on the 6th was not widespread. The number of people present at the meeting was about 1,300 to 400. Many branches of the Agricultural Federation sent representatives to participate. Chairman, first of all commemorating our dead, I gave the opening speech, followed by representatives of the county party committee secretary, party and group representatives, representatives of the peasant federation, women representatives, red guards, vanguards, guerrillas, and student representatives. After the speeches, free speeches and proposals , Power on five times, shout slogans, and the whole team will demonstrate to the militia in the rear area, and disband at night.About 2,000 people attended the meeting on the 7th. My chairman, Jeff, reported the political situation on behalf of the party, and publicly recruited party members. Yu Li, leave late.On the 8th, there was a meeting for entertainment, and there were more than a dozen people at the meeting, and Wang Lie, Jianwen and other lesbians would perform new plays, etc. This time, it was completely implemented according to our party's plan.The first one shows that the mobilization force of the Revolutionary Committee is still very insufficient.Second, it shows that the Party is not at all prepared for the specific work of this congress, and the delegates participating in the speeches are recruited at the congress venue temporarily, so that the speeches are mostly unprepared and the agitation is very small.The third one is that the party is not prepared to do any central work during the three-day congress, so that it has no clue, and it is completely arranged by me.Fourth, although the party has distributed more than 7,000 leaflets, it still shows that the party's propaganda and agitation work is not enough.Fifth, the most important thing is that they did not prepare for the enemy's encirclement and suppression. They did not even mention this situation to the masses. It seemed that there were no enemies left. Be aggressive and attack.Sixth, all aspects still show that the organizational strength is weak, and they are all very loose, but the enthusiasm of the masses has reached an extremely high point. On November 9th, the enemy came to encircle and suppress from three directions. Two companies of Sanyuan's army and more than forty people from the security team came to attack from the south. In the encirclement, the Red Guards and guerrillas were dispersed and entered the center of Wuzi District. Hu San's militia came from the east, and there was no resistance from the east.Xiaoqiu's army of more than one hundred people came from the north, and I met fire with seventy or eighty red guards and more than ten unorganized guerrilla troops, and were completely dispersed by the army.In the afternoon, Xiaoqiu came to live in Ma'e Town and the north of Wuzi District to encircle and suppress.At that time, all the people in Wuzi District fled. The enemy searched the east and west ditches on the second day and shot several people.On the third day, they came again and burned the houses of several comrades and the masses, and killed several people, and went to Xinzi District to investigate and suppress.All the people in Wuzi District will be further panicked, and some of them will run far away.On the evening of the 11th, another part of the army came. At this time, the guerrillas dispersed, the comrades completely fled, and all the special committees also left. I can’t make it public and secret, so I came to Xi’an. I got the news today that the enemy has not left. , I don't know much about other details. In the more than one month since the enlarged meeting in Weibei, the enemy attacked a total of six times.The first time was to mobilize the militia from the six counties and the first company of the White Army in Sanyuan, and the first company of the White Army in Xiaoqiu. Because the enemy's command and actions were inconsistent, they were all disturbed by our Red Guards and guerrillas.The second and third times were when Xiaoqiu's white army came to attack us. We did not deal with the enemy at all, and caused great damage to the people in the Wuzihou area.The fourth time was the failure of the guerrillas.The fifth time was when the No. 1 Battalion of the Sanyuan Garrison and dozens of militiamen attacked the center of Wuzi District. The guerrillas did not move, causing the White Army to kill and set fire to several village forts.The last was the attack of November 9th.During these several attacks by the White Army, the party did not pay attention to how to plan to deal with it, and did not review the experience and lessons learned during the incident. Even Comrade Jeff often said that the enemy could not be defeated anyway. conclusion. At the same time, when we were discussing the issue of breaking through the enemy's encirclement and suppression, Comrade Wang and I had an argument. I believed that the complete victory of the agrarian revolution in Wuzi District must be under the condition of broader mass struggles. We must pay attention to the work of the masses around Wuzi District. Only in this way can we fight against the enemy's encirclement and suppression.Comrade Wang thought that I started the work first and then divided the land. If the work is not carried out, the land cannot be divided. Comrade Wang said that the division of land in Wuzi District is to break through the enemy's encirclement and suppression. In the end, Comrade Jeff made a conclusion that is necessary and controversial. The anti-revolutionary work has changed since January, and the former spy line has been corrected. Most of the reactionaries and the White Army’s spies on the rich peasants have followed the mass line, and the masses themselves have put forward the slogan of monitoring the rich peasants. This work has not yet aroused what the entire party considers to be the most central work, especially the counter-revolutionary conspiracy within the party has not been [executed] enough. (For example, the issue of "Empire" only decided to expel party membership.) The special committee decided to arrest them immediately, but at the branch secretary joint meeting, as soon as some comrades proposed, the proposals of expulsion from the party and expulsion from abroad were not passed.