Chapter 17 Chapter Three 1949-1955

On January 1, he wrote an inscription for the inaugural issue of Jinnan Daily: "Newspaper is the best weapon to improve and educate Party members, cadres and the general public, and it is a barometer to measure how well we are doing various things." On January 18, the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau was chaired. After listening to Zhang Zifang's report on the preparations for the women's congress in the border area, he said that it is difficult for women to be truly liberated if they do not participate in childbirth.Without women's participation in various construction work, the people cannot be rich, and the country cannot be rich and strong.

On January 26, at the Second Women's Congress of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region held in Yan'an, he said that organizing women, who accounted for half of the population, to participate in production and construction is the main direction and the only way to emancipate women. On February 2, "People's Daily" published Ma Mingfang's speech at the Second Women's Congress of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region "Mobilizing Women to Participate in Production and Striving for Complete Liberation." After returning to Yan'an from southern Shanxi on February 4, he made a comprehensive report on the work in southern Shanxi to the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau.

On February 14, when discussing the issue of improving the party committee system in the Northwest Bureau, he said that the leadership team of the Northwest Bureau was united and implemented the central line, principles and policies.However, when the party committee discusses issues, it should focus on the study of major policy and theoretical issues, and avoid empiricism of "discussing the facts as they stand". On March 1, the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau made the "Decision of the Northwest Bureau on the Work in Southern Shanxi" after hearing Ma Mingfang's report on the inspection work in southern Shanxi.

From March 5th to 13th, he attended the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Xibaipo, Pingshan County, Hebei Province.Mao Zedong made a report to the plenary session.The meeting discussed the issue of completely destroying the Kuomintang's rule, winning national victory, shifting the focus of the party's work from the countryside to the cities, and taking production and construction as the central task.Ma Mingfang spoke at the group meeting and supported the correct decision to shift the focus of the party's work from the countryside to the cities.

On April 7, Ma Mingfang sent a congratulatory speech to the first student representative conference in South Jinan: "This student representative conference marks the great unity of Jinnan students, and will play a major role in the future Jinnan student movement and participation in various construction work .” On April 14th, he gave a speech at the first student representative conference in Jinnan, encouraging Jinnan students to study hard, meet new situations and new tasks, and serve the people better. On April 19th, he made a summary report at the enlarged meeting of the CPC Jinnan Working Committee and emphasized that in the democratic life of the party, it is normal for comrades to have different opinions on some issues. We must pay attention to respecting the opinions of a few people, and especially Treat different and even opposing opinions correctly.

On April 21, the resolution of the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Mao Zedong's speech were conveyed at the meeting of Party members and cadres in the southern Shanxi region.Call on party members and cadres to maintain a style of humility and prudence, neither arrogance nor impetuosity, and hard work in the face of victory. In May, he concurrently served as the president of Northwest People's Revolutionary University. On May 1, representatives from all walks of life in southern Shanxi celebrated the liberation of Nanjing and Taiyuan and the founding meeting of the Linfen City Workers Committee. He said that the working class and working people are the main force to defeat the Kuomintang reactionaries.Likewise, after the enemy has been defeated, they remain the main force in building our new nation.

On May 20, Ma Mingfang, Wu Xinyu, Howard, and Ma Peixun jointly issued the "Proclamation Prohibiting Iron-wheeled Carts from Passing Highways" in order to maintain the road, save people's resources, and facilitate the westward march of the PLA. On May 26, he participated in the third meeting of the Xi'an Military Control Commission to discuss issues such as maintaining social tranquility and establishing revolutionary order. On May 29, he participated in the fourth meeting of the Xi'an Military Control Commission to discuss issues such as the establishment of a takeover work system.

On June 8, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China notified that Peng Dehuai, He Long, Xi Zhongxun, Ma Mingfang, Wang Weizhou, Li Jingquan, Ma Wenrui, Liu Jingfan, and Jia Tuofu were members of the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Peng Dehuai was the first secretary, He Long was the second secretary, and Xi Zhongxun was the third secretary. On June 10, he participated in the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau to discuss support for frontline work. On June 12, 100,000 people from all walks of life in Xi'an celebrated the Xi'an Liberation Conference.

On June 15, he participated in the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau to discuss the work in Gansu. On June 19th, he participated in an emergency meeting jointly held by the Northwest Bureau and the Front Committee of the First Field Army in Jianguo Park, Xi'an, to study how to smash the operational policy and deployment of Huma's counterattack.Regarding the question of whether to give up Xi'an, Peng Dehuai's conclusion is that it is not a question of giving up Xi'an now, but how to use the opportunity of the enemy to attack us to attract the enemy and annihilate the enemy near Xi'an.Mao Zedong called Peng Dehuai and others to propose the policy of "clamping horses and beating barbarians".

When discussing newspaper work at the Northwest Bureau on June 29, it was said that the newspaper office should organize cadres above the local and county party committees to write articles to reflect the actual situation and improve the quality of newspaper work. On July 1, he participated in the celebration of the 28th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China held by the Northwest Bureau. On July 5th, he participated in the symposium of various democratic parties, workers, student representatives and people from all walks of life in Xi'an hosted by He Long, and listened to opinions on the construction of a new Xi'an. The adjustment equipment opinion.

From July 26th to August 4th, he participated in the joint meeting of the secretaries of the Guanzhong New Area Party Committee held by the Northwest Bureau.The meeting determined that the Guanzhong New Area work should focus on eliminating reactionary armed forces, strive to complete rural democratic reforms, further restore and develop production, and lay a solid foundation for building a new countryside. On August 7, when the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau discussed the work in northern Shaanxi, it was said that the work in northern Shaanxi should concentrate on leading the masses to resume and develop production.The old areas should also deal with the problems left over from the land reform. On August 24, the delegation of the Northwest Liberated Area, which participated in the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, set off for Peiping under the leadership of the chief representative Ma Mingfang.Ma Mingfang pointed out in a speech: We went to Peking for the meeting with the mission of founding the nation.This is a major event in the political life of the Chinese people. It will completely change China's political system of feudal rule for thousands of years and establish a new country under the people's democratic dictatorship.Under the leadership of Chairman Mao and the Communist Party of China, we will surely be able to overcome all difficulties, break the imperialist blockade, carry out effective economic construction, and build a great new China and our great Northwest. On September 21, he attended the opening ceremony of the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference at Huairen Hall in Zhongnanhai, Beijing, and was elected as a member of the bureau.Mao Zedong said in his opening speech: "The Chinese have stood up since then!" "The era when the Chinese were considered uncivilized has passed, and we will appear in the world as a highly cultured nation." On September 22, he attended the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and listened to four work reports including the preparatory process of the CPPCC.Ma Mingfang was elected as a member of the Committee for the Draft Organization Law of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Speaking at the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference on September 24, he said that this meeting of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference demonstrated the great unity of the people of the whole country that has never been seen before.From then on, the history of the Chinese people will completely enter a glorious new era that has never been seen before—that is, the era of New Democracy, the era of the People's Republic. On September 25-13, "People's 13 Daily" published the full text of Ma Mingfang's speech. On September 27, he attended the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.Discussion and approval of the four motions of the capital of the People's Republic of China, the calendar, the national anthem, and the national flag: (1) The capital of the People's Republic of China is set at Beiping, which will be renamed Beijing from now on: (2) The calendar of the People's Republic of China adopts the AD, and this year is 1949 (3) Before the national anthem of the People's Republic of China was officially formulated, "March of the Volunteers" was used as the national anthem; (4) The national flag of the People's Republic of China was a five-star red flag, which symbolized the great unity of the Chinese people. On September 29, he attended the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.The meeting unanimously adopted the "Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference." On September 30, he attended the closing ceremony of the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.The meeting elected the first National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and 180 people including Ma Mingfang were elected as members.The meeting elected Mao Zedong as the chairman of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Song Qingling, Li Jishen, Zhang Lan, Gao Gang as the vice-chairmen, and 56 people including Chen Yi as members of the Central People's Government.The meeting passed the "Manifesto of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference" drafted by Mao Zedong, declaring that "the Chinese people have their own central government" and "the history of China has opened up a new era." At 6:00 p.m. on the same day, he attended the foundation stone laying ceremony of the Monument to the People's Heroes held in Tiananmen Square.Zhou Enlai delivered a speech, and Mao Zedong read out the memorial inscription.Ma Mingfang, as the chief representative of the Northwest Liberated Area, worked with Mao Zedong and other party and state leaders to shovel and shovel the soil and lay the foundation stone for the monument to show respect for the martyrs. On October 1, he went to the Tiananmen Gate to participate in the founding ceremony.Chairman Mao Zedong solemnly declared: The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China has been established! On October 2, he attended the China Defense World Peace Conference in Beijing and was elected as a member of the presidium of the conference. On October 3, he attended the banquet held by Chairman Mao Zedong for the Northwest Liberated Area Delegation.Chairman Mao said that the people of the Northwest, especially the people of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, have made great contributions to the Chinese revolution, and we must never forget them.The chairman wants everyone to take a walk in industrially developed areas, take a look, and open your eyes. On October 5, the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association was established in Beijing.Liu Shaoqi was elected as the president, Soong Ching Ling, Wu Yuzhang, Shen Junru, Li Jishen, Guo Moruo, Zhang Lan, Huang Yanpei were elected as the vice presidents, and 197 people including Ma Mingfang were elected as directors. On October 8, he attended the meeting of chief representatives of various units at the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference chaired by Zhou Enlai, and discussed how to carry out the work of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. On October 9, he attended the first meeting of the first National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference at the Qinzheng Hall in Zhongnanhai. Zhou Enlai reported "The Process of Participating in the Negotiations of Various Units of the First National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference".The meeting elected Mao Zedong as the chairman of the first CPPCC National Committee, Zhou Enlai, Li Jishen, Shen Junru, Guo Moruo, Chen Shutong as the vice-chairmen, and Li Weihan as the secretary-general. In mid-to-late October, following the instructions of Chairman Mao Zedong, together with more than 20 people including Yang Mingxuan, Zhao Shoushan, Wang Shitai, Yang Zhengmin, Li Jingying, Zhang Zifang, etc., visited industrially developed areas such as Lushun, Dalian, and Shenyang in the northeast, which broadened their horizons and increased their growth. gained insight. On November 17, he attended the enlarged meeting of members of the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Lanzhou. He Long conveyed the spirit of Liu Shaoqi and Zhou Enlai's instructions, and discussed issues such as the establishment of the Northwest Military and Political Committee, troop training, united front policy, and financial and economic construction. On December 2, the fourth meeting of the Central People's Government Committee approved the appointment of Ma Mingfang as the chairman of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government. On December 17, participated in the meeting of the secretaries of the Guanzhong Prefectural Committee held by the Northwest Bureau to discuss the rural work in the new district. On December 21, he was elected as the chairman of the Xi'an Branch of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association. On December 24, I went to Xi'an Airport to welcome General Peng Dehuai who returned from Xinjiang after liberating the Northwest. On December 26, he participated in the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau to discuss issues such as the establishment of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government. On December 28, he attended the Second National Congress of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association held in Beijing. On December 30, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China approved Yang Dezhi as the 19th Corps of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the commander of the Shaanxi Military Region, Geng Biao, Wu Daifeng, and Zuo Xiezhong as the deputy commanders; Ma Mingfang as the first political commissar, and Li Zhimin as the political commissar. On January 5, he participated in the provincial and municipal Party committee secretaries meeting held by the Northwest Bureau. On January 6, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China to consist of 17 comrades including Ma Mingfang. On February 23, the Northwest Bureau reported that with the approval of the Central Committee, the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee was adjusted to be composed of 18 comrades, with Ma Mingfang as secretary, and Zhang Bangying and Li Hebang as deputy secretaries. On January 10, the People's Government of Shaanxi Province was established.Ma Mingfang delivered his inaugural speech: "The new type of administrators must be impartial, disregarding personal gains and losses, able to 'worry about the world's worries first, and enjoy the world's joys later', and serve the people loyally." On January 11, at the first meeting of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government Committee, he made the "Report on the Work Tasks of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government in 1950".It is proposed to use the utmost efforts to heal the wounds of war, restore and develop production. On January 14, he delivered a speech at the banquet welcoming Zhang Zhizhong, Bao Erhan, Deng Baoshan, and Tao Zhiyue, saying that he is willing to strengthen friendship and unity in the great cause of building a new China and a new Northwest, and win new victories. On January 15, at the closing meeting of the first meeting of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government Committee, he made a speech entitled "The People Are the Creators of All Causes".Emphasize that the people are the source of all strength and all wisdom.The mass line "is the foundation of our administration," and anyone who violates it will be punished by the people. On January 19, he attended the inauguration ceremony of the Northwest Military and Political Committee in Xi'an. On January 21, he made the "Report on the Work of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government" at the first committee meeting of the Northwest Military and Political Committee. On January 30, the "People's Daily" published the full text. On February 5, an article mourning General Yang Hucheng was published in the "People's Daily", reminiscing that the general presided over the Shaanxi government in his early years, built water conservancy, initiated schools, took risks and solved difficulties, and benefited my hometown.The Double Twelve Incident and General Zhang Xueliang launched patriotic feats, announced the Eight Great Propositions, forced Chiang to stop the civil war, reversed the current situation, and contributed to the country.Who knew that Zhongliang would not be tolerated by the national thieves, he was imprisoned for ten or two years, he was steadfast and unyielding, and was finally killed.When the bad news came, Hao Sheng was indignant.I, the people of Sanqin, will inherit my father's will, bravely pursue the poor bandits, kill the bandits for revenge, and comfort the heroic spirits. On February 13, when discussing the work of Xi'an in the Northwest Bureau, he said that the management of factories in Xi'an must be strengthened. On February 15th, representatives from all walks of life in Northwest China celebrated the signing of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance. He said that the signing of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance has great historical significance for maintaining peace in Asia and the world. On February 18, Ma Mingfang made a statement saying that the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance was signed.It will lead China and the Soviet Union to new victories on the basis of friendship, cooperation and unity. On March 1, presided over the fifth administrative meeting of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government to discuss and approve the public security and health work plans. On March 6, the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau stated that the discipline inspection committees of the party committees at all levels and the people's supervisory committees of the government should be unified in terms of organizational structure, and it will be easier to handle affairs. On March 10, the 23rd administrative meeting of the Central People's Government Administration Council approved the appointment of Ma Mingfang as a member of the Financial and Economic Committee of the Northwest Military and Political Commission. On the same day, Ma Mingfang spoke at the meeting of people's representatives from all walks of life in Chang'an County, saying that the production competition movement should be carried out in a down-to-earth manner. On March 17, the 24th government affairs meeting of the Central People's Government Administration Council approved the appointment of Ma Mingfang and the director of the Financial and Economic Committee of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government. On March 20, he reported on the administrative division of Shaanxi Province at the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau. On March 25, he delivered a speech at the inaugural meeting of the Shaanxi Democratic Women's Federation, emphasizing the need to carry out women's movement work in conjunction with production. On March 31, he spoke at the Shaanxi Provincial Financial Work Conference, calling on leading cadres at all levels to study fiscal and taxation policies and do a good job in financial work. On April 2, he spoke at the Propaganda Ministers Meeting of the Prefectural Party Committee held by the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China, calling on all party members and cadres to study hard, improve the level of Marxist theory, and resolutely fight against all bad ideas. On April 9, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided that Ma Mingfang would be the third secretary of the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. On April 28, Ma Mingfang wrote the first comprehensive report to the Northwest Bureau: "About Spring Production and Disaster Relief Work in Shaanxi Province". On May 1st, he delivered a speech at the "May 1st" International Labor Day banquet held by the Northwest Military and Political Committee, congratulating the first working people's day after the founding of New China. On May 8, when discussing the issue of land reform at the Northwest Bureau, he said that the land reform does not involve the rich peasants, which is conducive to isolating the landlords and stabilizing the middle peasants. On May 10, "People's Daily" published Ma Mingfang's speech at the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural and Educational Administrative Conference: "Running School Education Well". On May 19, presided over the first meeting of the preparatory committee for the first People's Representatives Conference of Shaanxi Province. On May 24, when discussing the Sanyuan work in the Northwest Bureau, it was said that urban work should establish a long-term construction idea, and pay attention to timely summarizing practical experience and improving work. Xia Ma Mingfang's wife, Ma Shuliang, once wanted to take Mingfang's car to the provincial government for a meeting, and went to the bell tower to do something.She had already gotten into the car, but Mingfang said seriously, "This is a business car, so you can't sit in it!" He forced her to get out of the car.The comrades present all said that "Secretary Ma has a clear distinction between public and private affairs, and is meticulous." From June 6th to 9th, he attended the Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Beijing.Mao Zedong's report "The Struggle for a Basic Improvement in the National Financial and Economic Situation". On June 21, after listening to the Weinan work report, he pointed out that a large number of progressive intellectuals and upper-class people should be absorbed into the work.Some people just eat and do nothing, which is also conducive to isolating the reactionaries. On June 28, he made a speech on the current work and tasks of Shaanxi Province at the enlarged meeting of the Northwest Bureau Committee. On July 1, the inscription for the inaugural issue of "Shaanxi Daily": "Use the most popular words to describe the real life among the masses". On July 8, when discussing the issue of university education in the Northwest Bureau, he said that we must pay attention to running the polytechnic institute well. On July 14, "Report on the Work of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government" was made at the second committee meeting of the Northwest Military and Political Committee. On July 20, the "People's Daily" published the full text. On July 17, he spoke at the first publicity work conference of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, demanding that the publicity organization be improved, the publicity team be organized, and the ideological education work done well. From July 20th to 31st, he attended the first representative meeting of Shaanxi Province of the Communist Party of China and made a report on the land reform in Shaanxi Province and the current general tasks. On August 1, 100,000 people from all walks of life in Xi'an made a speech at the "August 1st" Army Day meeting of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, opposing the US imperialist aggression against Taiwan and North Korea. From August 13th to 23rd, he attended the first meeting of the first session of the People's Representatives Conference of Shaanxi Province, and made a report on the six-month governance work of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government and the future land reform and general work tasks. Chairman of the Provincial People's Government and Chairman of the Consultative Committee of the First People's Representatives Conference of Shaanxi Province.Peng Dehuai delivered an important speech at the meeting. On August 24, he delivered a congratulatory speech at the first member congress of the Northwest Region of the China Democratic League. On August 25, presided over the first meeting of the Consultative Committee of the First People's Congress of Shaanxi Province, and decided to set up a standing committee and its offices to handle daily work. On August 31, I went to Xi'an Railway Station to welcome the Central People's Government's delegation of all ethnic groups in Northwest China headed by Shen Junru. On September 1, when discussing the work of land reform at the Northwest Bureau, he said that more non-Party people would be involved in the land reform, which would not only reduce resistance, but also listen to more different opinions, so as to prevent less "leftist" deviations. From September 6th to 14th, he presided over the joint meeting of prefectural committee secretaries held by the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, and made a report on "Summary of Land Reform in Guanzhong Area and Rural Work Tasks after Land Reform". On September 11, at the Guanzhong Coal Mining Industry Conference held by the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Industry, he made a report on "Actively Reforming, Consolidating the Foundation, and Efforts to Meet the New Development of the Coal Mining Industry". On September 25, he delivered a speech at the first party representative meeting of the 19th Corps and the Shaanxi Military Region, emphasizing that the army should support the localities to complete the land reform work. On September 27, he delivered a speech at the first Shaanxi Provincial Judicial Conference, requiring judicial staff to continuously improve their political and policy skills in their actual work. On October 1, "People's Daily" published Ma Mingfang's article commemorating the first anniversary of the National Day: "Overcoming Paralyzed Thoughts".Cadres at all levels are required to overcome the paralyzed concept of peace and arrogance that lose vigilance in the struggle against the enemy, and severely crack down on the enemy's sabotage activities. On October 4, daughter Xiaofang was born in Xi'an.Clever, lively and lovely, the whole family regards her as the apple of the eye. During the "Cultural Revolution", due to the persecution of his parents, he became mentally disturbed due to his youth.Very sorry. On October 5, he made a speech at the First Women's Congress in Shaanxi Province, calling for the mobilization of women to actively participate in land reform. On October 16, when discussing judicial work in the Northwest Bureau, it was proposed that a group of cadres should be gathered to clear up the backlog of cases, and the work should be neither urgent nor rough. On October 31, he made a speech at the commemoration of Comrade Ren Bishi, calling on cadres at all levels to learn from Comrade Ren Bishi's great revolutionary spirit. On November 4th, the Northwest Military and Political Committee approved Ma Mingfang to concurrently serve as the director of the Shaanxi Provincial Land Reform Commission. On November 7th, "People's Daily" published an article by Ma Mingfang: "Commemorating the October Revolution Day of the Soviet Union". On November 16, he attended a banquet held to send off the Northwest Ethnic Group of the Central People's Government. On December 5, he spoke at a meeting of cadres who went to the countryside in Northwest China and Shaanxi Province to participate in the land reform, requiring every cadre participating in the land reform to undergo training and sincerely do practical things for the farmers.When two cadres in the audience handed over a note saying that they could not participate in the land reform because they love to have children, Ma Mingfang replied that the peasants have been looking forward to the land reform for so many years!Is it a big deal if you love to have children and poor peasants stand up and seek liberation?The next day, the two cadres wrote self-criticisms to the organization and happily went to the countryside to participate in the land reform. On December 10, Ma Mingfang was appointed Chairman of the People's Government of Shaanxi Province after being elected by the First People's Representative Conference of Shaanxi Province and reported to the 63rd meeting of the Government Administration Council for approval by the Central People's Government Committee. On December 11, at the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau, he reported the progress of the land reform work in Shaanxi. On December 14, when discussing the work arrangement in 1951 at the Northwest Bureau, it was emphasized that in the new year, we should pay attention to the study of market management, grasp the market rules, manage the market well, and promote circulation. On December 20, he delivered a speech at the People's Armed Work Conference of the Shaanxi Military Region, emphasizing that the work of the militia must be combined with actual production and based on solid mass work in order to play its due positive role. On the same day, Ma Mingfang distributed a report on land reform by Bai Zhimin, member of the Standing Committee of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and secretary-general, requiring party committees at all levels to conscientiously organize and mobilize poor and hired farmers so that they can truly become the most reliable force in land reform. On December 21, when reporting on the work in Shaanxi at the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau, it was proposed to solve the "top-heavy" problem in organizational structure, vigorously streamline the upper levels, enrich the lower levels, and overcome bureaucracy. On December 22, "People's Daily" published Ma Mingfang's article "On Two Standpoints and Two Sets of Methods of Mass Work in Land Reform", which played an important role in guiding the healthy development of the first phase of the land reform movement in the province. In December, with the approval of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, Liu Jinxuan was appointed as the acting commander of the Shaanxi Military Region of the Nineteenth Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and Ma Mingfang concurrently served as the first political commissar. The inscription on New Year's Day on January 1: "I hope that the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, everyone's wisdom and their own careers can grow with the times." On January 2, at the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau, he said that it is very beneficial to organize high-level democrats to carry out mass work.The Shaanxi land reform organized some people to go down and see that there was progress. On January 3, he made a summary report at the Shaanxi Provincial Agricultural Production Conference, calling on cadres at all levels to mobilize and organize farmers to vigorously carry out large-scale agricultural production campaigns. On January 15, he gave a speech at the Shaanxi Provincial Industrial Conference, demanding that he sum up experience and strive to complete the industrial production tasks in 1951. On January 17, he delivered a speech at the 45th administrative meeting of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government, emphasizing the opposition to flashy work and carrying forward the fine style of solving practical problems in a down-to-earth manner. On January 18, he wrote an inscription for the graduates of the Northwest Army Cadre School: "I hope that every outstanding son and daughter of our Chinese nation will always be able to faithfully stand in the positions most needed by the motherland." On January 22, when discussing the issue of land reform at the Northwest Bureau, he said that it is necessary to concentrate on training cadres and rectify their thinking and style.Only by improving cadres can we improve the masses and do a good job in mass work. On January 29, they replied to all the farmers in the four townships of Daoxi District, Baoji County, encouraging them to work hard and strive for a better life as soon as possible. On February 2, he made a summary report on the first phase of land reform work in Guanzhong at the plenary meeting of the Shaanxi Provincial Land Reform Commission.In the Guanzhong area, 842 townships with a population of 2 million have completed land reform. On February 14, he delivered a speech at the Shaanxi Provincial Supervision Work Conference, demanding that supervisory cadres at all levels should be highly responsible and dare to fight against all phenomena that harm the interests of the people. On February 20, participated in the 37th administrative meeting of the Northwest Military and Political Committee, discussed and approved Chang Lifu's report on preparing to hold the third committee meeting of the Northwest Military and Political Committee. On March 14, Lu Qinliang, deputy secretary-general of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, distributed the report on Dali land reform work. On March 15, he delivered a speech at the Financial and Economic Work Conference of Shaanxi Province, calling for strengthening the party committee's leadership over financial and economic work and welcoming the climax of economic construction. On March 23, he made a speech at the third committee meeting of the Northwest Military and Political Committee, asking the party members to follow the spirit of the common program, listen to the opinions of people outside the party with an open mind, give full play to their strengths, unite and cooperate, and hold a good meeting. From March 24th to 31st, he attended the third committee meeting of the Northwest Military and Political Committee to discuss the three major tasks of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea, land reform and suppressing counter-revolutionaries. On March 29, he made the "Report on the Work of Shaanxi Province in 1950" at the third committee meeting of the Northwest Military and Political Committee. On March 31, the "People's Daily" published the full text. On April 4, "People's Daily" published Ma Mingfang's summary report "Strive for a bumper harvest in this year's agricultural production" at the Shaanxi Provincial Agricultural Production Conference. When discussing united front work at the Northwest Bureau on April 6, he said that to do united front work, you need to get in touch with more people and give full play to their strengths.If you want people not to be guests, you need them to do the business of the host.All democrats in Shaanxi who have participated in practical work have made progress. On April 12, he made a report on thoroughly suppressing counter-revolutionaries at the meeting of the Consultative Committee of the People's Representatives Conference of Shaanxi Province. On April 20, the "People's Daily" published Ma Mingfang's report "Thoroughly Eliminate Counter-Revolutionary Activities" and "Several Issues in Suppressing Counter-Revolutionaries" at a symposium for people from all walks of life in Shaanxi Province. On April 22, went to the airport to welcome the Panchen Lama Erdeni, who flew from Lanzhou to Xi'an. On May 7, he pointed out in his speech at the middle-level cadre theoretical counselor training class held by the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China that it is necessary to create an atmosphere for learning Marxist-Leninist theory.Comrades participating in the training class should work hard to read more, study hard, and familiarize themselves with it. Only when they understand it themselves can they better guide others. On May 16, at the 59th administrative meeting of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government, he said that some primary and secondary schools, regardless of the time and energy of the students, set up a lot of extra math problems, assigned a lot of extracurricular homework, and distributed a lot of handouts. , this teaching method is undesirable.The education department should seriously check and make improvements. On May 29, "People's Daily" published an article by Ma Mingfang: "Responding to the call of Zhang Mingliang and other 47 agricultural production mutual aid groups." On June 11, he delivered a speech at the Shaanxi Provincial Native Products Exchange Conference, requiring state-owned, cooperatives, and private businesses to face the countryside, facilitate the masses, and serve production and construction. On June 19, I went to the airport to see off Panchen Erdeni from Xi'an. On June 30, at the celebration of the 30th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China by various democratic parties and people's organizations in Xi'an, he said that the historical tasks of revolution and construction require us to better strengthen unity and cooperation, and jointly build our prosperous and strong country. On July 1, he participated in the Northwest Bureau's meeting to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. After listening to the Qinghai work report at the Northwest Bureau Standing Committee meeting on July 2, he said that according to the experience of land reform in the Guanzhong area, the first phase should be less, and one township cadre should not be too many. On July 4, he spoke at the first organizational work meeting of the Shaanxi Province of the Communist Party of China, demanding that the work of party consolidation and party building must be done steadily.On the same day, he delivered a radio speech on Xi'an People's Broadcasting Station, calling on farmers to take active actions and carry out a competition to dig wells and fight drought. On August 6, when discussing the agricultural production plan, he said that the job change team should do it according to the actual needs and seek truth from facts. From August 13th to 16th, I went to the countryside of Chang'an County to conduct investigation and research to understand the changes in the countryside after the land reform. On August 21, I had a discussion with Zhang Mingliang, a famous labor model in Xingping County, and others on issues such as the development of agricultural production and mutual assistance and cooperation, hoping to plant the banner of patriotic production throughout Guanzhong. On September 14, he made a summary report at the joint meeting of prefectural committee secretaries held by the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, emphasizing the work of land reform in southern Shaanxi and land survey and production determination in Guanzhong. On September 16, he made a report on "Summary of Land Reform in Guanzhong Area and Rural Work Tasks after Land Reform" at the meeting of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government. On September 22, the "People's Daily" published the full text. On September 24, I went to the railway station to send off Liu Jingfan, head of the visiting delegation to the old northern base of the Central People's Government, and others to return to Beijing from Shaanxi. On October 8, after listening to Wang Ziyi's report on the work of the visiting group in the old areas of northern Shaanxi, he said that there are serious problems in the production and life of the people in the old areas of northern Shaanxi, which should be taken seriously. On October 15, when discussing the implementation of the Marriage Law at the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau, he said that general publicity is not enough, and efforts must be made in concreteness. On October 21, "People's Daily" published Ma Mingfang's article "Mao Zedong Thought is the Banner of Our Victory", which elaborated on the scientific system of Mao Zedong Thought. On October 22, he presided over the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau. After listening to Fang Zhongru and Chen Yuanfang's report on Xi'an's democratic reform and the holding of a meeting of industrial and commercial representatives, he said that we only mentioned against speculative business, and all businesses that are beneficial to the national economy and the people's livelihood should be developed. On November 1, he presided over the discussion of the 1952 production plan by the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau. He said that the focus of work in recent years should still be on agriculture. When agricultural production increases, other tasks can be done easily; the focus of the transportation industry should be on building roads Once the road is cleared, the problem of selling agricultural, sideline and native products will be solved. On November 7th, to celebrate the 34th anniversary of the October Revolution of the Soviet Union, a banquet was held for Soviet friends in Xi'an. On November 16, he attended the (expanded) meeting of members of the Northwest Bureau. On November 20, he spoke at the enlarged meeting of the Northwest Bureau members, and proposed that a rectification study should be carried out from top to bottom to criticize and correct various wrong ideas and bad tendencies existing in the cadres. From November 22nd to 29th, he attended the fourth committee meeting of the Northwest Military and Political Committee, discussing the strengthening of the Korean War, increasing production and saving, and continuing to complete land reform. On November 24, he made the "Report on the Work of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government" at the Fourth Committee Meeting of the Northwest Military and Political Committee. On November 30, the "People's Daily" published the full text. On December 7, participated in the Northwest District, Shaanxi Province and Xi'an City Party Members and Cadres Conference held by the Northwest Bureau.Xi Zhongxun made a report titled "Continue to Oppose Bureaucracy, Oppose Corruption, Oppose Waste, and Struggle for the Movement to Increase Production and Save". On December 12, he made a report on "Carrying out the 1952 Patriotic Agricultural Production Increase Movement" at the Shaanxi Provincial Agricultural Production Conference. On December 22, the "People's Daily" published the full text. From December 16th to 23rd, he attended the second meeting of the first session of the People's Congress of Shaanxi Province, and made a report on "struggle for the development of patriotic production increase and conservation campaign". On December 26, the "People's Daily" published the full text. On December 21, at the first representative meeting of the Northwest Sino-Soviet Friendship Association, he was elected as a director of the General Branch of the Northwest Sino-Soviet Friendship Association, and was elected as an executive director at the first council meeting. On December 31, with the approval of the Northwest Bureau, Ma Mingfang concurrently served as the director of the Shaanxi Provincial Reform and Construction Committee. On January 8, he gave a rectification mobilization report at the Shaanxi provincial government cadre meeting. On January 12, when discussing the launch of the "Three Antis" campaign, he said that the masses have mobilized, and leading cadres must speak the facts and not listen to one side. From February 1st to 4th, he presided over the joint meeting of the secretaries and commissioners of the Guanzhong Prefectural Committee, and deployed a rectification campaign against corruption, waste, and bureaucracy. On February 5, 200,000 people participated in the mobilization meeting of the "Five Antis" (anti-bribery, anti-tax evasion, anti-theft of state assets, anti-cutting corners, and anti-theft of national economic intelligence) campaign held in Revolution Park in Xi'an. On February 12, after listening to Zhao Boping and Fang Zhongru's report on the "Five Antis" movement in Xi'an at the Standing Committee of the Northwest Bureau, he said that all commercial activities under the "Common Program" are legitimate commercial activities. On February 19, he concurrently served as the director of the Shaanxi Provincial Production and Drought Prevention Committee. From February 20th to 23rd, he presided over a joint meeting of local party committee secretaries in southern Shaanxi to inspect land reform and "three evils" work. On March 21, a letter was sent to the secretaries of local Party committees and county Party committees, commissioners, and county magistrates, asking everyone to write a work report on inspection and guidance of production. On March 22, he delivered a speech at the 94th administrative meeting of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government Committee, requiring all counties to strengthen specific leadership over production and drought prevention work, conduct in-depth inspections, and effectively solve practical problems. On April 3rd, he participated in the welcome meeting of the delegation of the Chinese People's Volunteers and the delegation of the North Korean people to visit China in Xi'an Mass Hall, and hosted a banquet with Xi Zhongxun, Zhang Zhizhong, and Fang Zhongru to entertain the delegation. On April 22, he reported the progress of the "Three Antis" and "Five Antis" campaigns in Shaanxi Province at the meeting of the Northwest Bureau. From May 13th to 16th, he attended the joint meeting of the fourth meeting of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government Committee and the third meeting of the Consultative Committee of the People's Representatives from all walks of life, and made a report on "Striving to Continue to Complete the Tasks of 1952". On May 30th, I participated in the Agricultural Production Mutual Assistance and Cooperation Work Conference held by the Northwest Bureau. From June 2nd to 17th, he presided over the joint meeting of the secretaries of the prefectural committees, and made a summary report on strengthening economic construction and carrying out the agricultural production mutual aid and cooperation movement at the meeting. On July 1, he made a report at the meeting commemorating the 31st anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China held by the Northwest Bureau. He reviewed the history of the party's struggle, summed up experiences and lessons, and called on party members to study the theory of economic construction and meet the climax of economic construction. On August 1, the Shaanxi Military Region of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was reorganized into the Shaanxi Provincial Military Region, with Yang Jiarui as the commander and Ma Mingfang as the first political commissar. On August 14th, Ma Mingfang gave instructions to Shaanxi Province on the plan to pilot agricultural production cooperatives: "Guanzhong can pilot one or two in each special area and Chang'an County from this winter to February and March next year. It will be implemented on a trial basis in counties, and then gradually implemented in phases in places where conditions permit in a planned way." On the same day, Ma Mingfang wrote the "Report on Various Works in the Northwest" to Chairman Mao Zedong. 8月22日在中共陕西省委召开的第一次宣传员代表大会上讲话，要求巩固和扩大党的宣传队伍，更好地为大规模的经济建设服务。他强调社会主义的前景是美好的。但“要到社会主义去，就像走路一样，要一步一步走去，想一下跳到社会主义是跳不到的。” 8月25日《陕西政报》第八期发表马明方的文章：《发动群众做好民主建政工作》。 8月毛泽东、周恩来同张治中在一次谈话中问：“习仲勋调中央工作后，遗缺拟调马明方继任，你看如何？”张治中答“马来最好”。毛泽东说：“这个人很好，他一定能同你合作得很好。” 9月经中共中央批准，西北军区党委常务委员会由12位同志组成。彭德怀任第一书记，习仲勋任第二书记，张宗逊任第三书记，马明方任第四书记，廖汉生任第五书记。马明方兼任西北军区副政治委员。 9月2日参加西北军政委员会第82次行政会议，听取西安市人民政府市长方仲如关于西安开展“五反”运动的总结报告。 9月9日参加西北军政委员会第83次行政会议，听取并通过西北区一级机关“三反”运动基本总结的报告。 10月1日参加西安各族各界50万人欢庆国庆大会并检阅游行队伍。晚上设宴招待苏联友人、劳动模范、中国人民志愿军休养员及各界人士代表。 10月6日中央人民政府人事部通知：政务院第153次政务会议通过提请中央人民政府委员会第21次会议批准，任命马明方为西北军政委员会副主席（列张治中之后）。 10月7日在青年团西北工委第二次全委会议上讲话，勉励团干部和团员青年，只有政治上进步，业务上精通，才能更好地发挥党的助手和后备军作用。 10月15日在陕西省、西安市物资交流大会上讲话，希望通过这次大会能够打开物资交流的新局面，使各种农副土特产品畅销西北各地。 同日张治中、马明方接见罗马尼亚部队歌舞团正副团长。 10月20日在西北局常委会讨论城乡物资交流问题时说，要开好城乡物资交流大会，使产供销直接见面，货畅其流。 10月27日在西北局讨论基本建设问题时指出，基建任务很重，困难很多，但要防止只顾数量，不重质量，一切都要以搞好为前提。 10月28日在新疆体育代表团向西北局和西北军政委员会献旗仪式上讲话，号召各族人民开展群众性的体育运动，保护人民健康，增强人民体质，更好地创造各族人民的幸福生活。 10月29日主持西北局常委会。在讨论整党建党问题时说，各级党的组织都要加强党的支部建设，要把教育党员开展批评与自我批评，检查党的政策贯彻执行情况，作为一项经常任务，落到实处，做出成效。 11月7日在西安各族各界万人集会庆祝苏联十月革命35周年大会上致词祝贺。 11月11日在西北军政委员会第87次行政会议上讨论青海南部牧区访问团的工作报告时说，对贫苦牧民生活中存在的问题，各有关部门应当逐项研究，尽快解决。 11月17日——26日出席陕西省第二届各界人民代表会第一次会议，并作《陕西省人民政府两年来的工作成就和今后任务》的报告。马明方辞去省人民政府主席职务，选举赵寿山为省人民政府主席。 12月1日在西北文教委员会第四次委员会议上讲话。 12月7日在西北军政委员会第六次委员会议上作《关于调整商业的报告》。 12月18日在西北局第二次农业互助合作会议上作《巩固和提高农业互助合作组织为争取1953年的丰收而奋斗》的报告。 12月20日在中共陕西省第二次组织工作会议上讲话，要求认真做好整党建党和干部工作，加强党的建设，提高党的战斗力。 12月23日主持西北局常委会，听取曹冠群同志传达全国妇女工作会议精神。 12月24日在西北军政委员会第89次行政会议上说，完成农业税任务的标志，不仅要看是不是按时完成入仓，更要看是否按政策办事。如果负担不合理，以至损害了党和人民政府的威信，那就不叫真正完成任务。 12月25日邀请青海果洛区赴京参观团全体代表举行座谈，号召果洛区各部落藏族人民紧密团结起来，为推行民族区域自治，建设藏族人民的新果洛而奋斗。 12月28日在西北区畜牧工作会议上讲话指出，西北畜牧业有无限广阔的发展前途，要认真研究政策，采取具体得力的措施促其更快发展。 12月29日主持西北局常委会。在讨论扫盲工作时说，扫盲重在巩固，不仅要识字，还要会用。农村扫盲要与办冬学、民校紧密结合，互相促进，共同提高。 12月30日在西北军政委员会第90次行政会议上讲话说，农业在国民经济中占有非常重要的地位，农村的各项工作都应为发展农业生产服务。 12月31日在陕西省暨西安市追悼1928年牺牲的西安九烈士王德安、冀月亭、徐九龄（女）、李嘉谋、校明济、李维俊、方鉴昭（女）、任醴、王文宗和1947年殉难的杜斌丞的大会上讲话致哀。 同日在西北区、陕西省、西安市各界代表欢庆新年的宴会上致词说，1953年是大规模经济建设开始的第一年，我们要把各项建设工作做得更好，取得更大的成绩。 1月1日《群众日报》发表马明方的文章：《迎接开始计划经济建设的1953年》。 1月5日在讨论西北区1953年财政预算问题时说，凡应节省的开支都要节省，不应开支的，一角钱也不能开支。 1月6日主持西北军政委员会第91次行政会议，听取西北司法改革委员会、西北劳动就业委员会和西北人民监察委员会的工作汇报。 1月7日在西北区第一届爱国卫生模范代表大会上讲话。 1月9日在西北军政委员会欢迎西藏致敬团宴会上致词，希望西藏各族人民加强民族团结，努力学习内地建设经验，建设祖国的新西藏。 1月13日在接受西藏致敬团代表班禅额尔德尼向西北军政委员会敬赠礼品后致词，祝愿西北各省和西藏密切合作，互相帮助，共同为祖国大家庭的建设事业而奋斗。 1月14日主持西北军政委员会第92次行政会议，听取西北畜牧部关于1952年工作总结和1953年工作计划的汇报。 1月20日主持西北军政委员会第93次行政会议，听取西北卫生部和文化部关于1952年工作总结和1953年工作计划的汇报。 同日在西北水利工作会议上作《做好水利建设和灌溉工作》的报告。 1月27日主持西北行政委员会第一次行政会议，宣布西北行政委员会即日正式成立。 1月28日在西北局党校全体学员大会上作《关于农业合作化问题》的报告。 2月3日主持西北行政委员会第二次行政会议，听取水利和教育工作汇报。 2月13日为庆祝中苏友好同盟互助条约签订三周年，设宴招待在西安的苏联友人。 2月18日西北局转发《马明方同志在西北农业互助合作会议上的总结报告》。 2月20日在西北局常委会上说，要提倡各级党委书记亲自动手写报告，不要秘书代劳。 2月24日主持西北行政委员会第三次行政会议，听取西北民委关于1952年工作总结和1953年工作任务的汇报。 3月6日主持西北行政委员会第四次行政会议，听取张治中副主席关于第一届政协全国委员会第四次会议精神的传达报告。 3月9日在西安各界人民追悼斯大林大会上致悼词。 4月4日《群众日报》发表马明方关于农业合作化问题的讲话。 4月7日主持西北行政委员会第七次行政会议，听取张治中副主席关于清明祭扫黄帝陵和检查当地工作情况的报告。 4月9日主持西北局常委会，听取常黎夫关于西北大区机关开展反对官僚主义斗争进展情况的汇报。 4月10日在讨论高等院校教学改革问题时说，学习苏联，不能生搬硬套，要与中国的具体情况相结合。 4月20日在西北行政委员会第八次行政会议上作《进一步开展大区机关反官僚主义的斗争》报告。 5月5日主持西北行政委员会第10次行政会议，听取并通过黄植关于西北区土地改革工作情况的报告，批准撤销西北土地改革委员会办事机构，日常事务由西北行政委员会办公厅兼办。 5月11日主持西北局常委会。在听取方仲如关于西安市1953年城市建筑工作的汇报后说，对城市建筑工人要加强劳动纪律教育，不教育就不能进行有效的管理。 5月18日在西北局召开的五三厂工作经验交流会上讲话，要求各级厂矿企业领导干部，下苦功钻研和精通业务，学会管理企业，成为内行。 5月19日主持西北行政委员会第12次行政会议，听取办公厅主任姬也力关于西北行政委员会各部门处理群众来信工作的检查报告。 5月20日在西北局讨论妇女工作问题时说，我们提倡男女平等，并不是说妇女解放了就不再做家务事了，而是反对把妇女关在厨房里，围着锅台转。 5月22日参加中国国民党革命委员会西北指导委员会成立大会。 6月2日在西北行政委员会第13次行政会议上讲话说，在领导农业生产中，必须克服把生动具体的领导工作停留在嘴上和纸上的官僚主义作风。 7月7日给中共中央写关于西北粮食问题的报告（毛泽东主席已圈阅）。 7月11日给中共中央写关于西北小麦价格问题的报告。 8月31日主持西北局常委会，学习讨论中共中央关于增加