Chapter 47 second quarter

Ye Qisun gradually felt that he was about to be abandoned. He seemed to smell the breath of the coming storm. Sure enough, as Ye Qisun expected, in 1952, the adjustment of colleges and departments across the country began.In order to learn from the Soviet Union’s Big Brother, China’s higher education has carried out a national chess-style reform, and proposed the adjustment policy of “focusing on the cultivation of industrial construction cadres and teachers, developing specialized colleges and specialized schools, and rectifying and strengthening comprehensive universities”. The Institute of Technology and the Department of Industrial Science of Yenching University were merged into Tsinghua University.Tsinghua University's three colleges of arts, science and law were merged into Peking University.

Based on the experience of educators, Ye Qisun knew that although this national game of chess is beneficial to the overall environment of the country, it can also give some remote areas the opportunity to develop education, but for Tsinghua University, Peking University, etc. It is a key comprehensive university, but it is a dismemberment that hurts muscles and bones. It should be analyzed in detail for specific issues.The integration of science and engineering in Tsinghua University was formed through long-term efforts in history, which contains the painstaking efforts and wisdom of several generations. There is no first-class engineering without first-class science. This has been proved by practice.The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is the best example.As early as the 1930s, Compton, the president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, realized that pure engineering can only cultivate ordinary technicians and craftsmen, and promptly transformed the school into a new type of university of science and technology that is compatible with science, engineering and literature. With the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which is now famous all over the world.The practice of overly specificizing each major will inevitably lead to the disadvantages of a single knowledge structure and a lack of creativity for students, which is extremely detrimental to the growth of students and will inevitably bury hidden dangers for the development of the country.For a school like Tsinghua University with a good foundation in science, engineering, liberal arts, law, agriculture, and medicine, if it adopts the method of adding bricks and tiles instead of dividing and dismantling, the effect may be better.At that time, many professors at Tsinghua suggested that Ye Qisun report the situation to the central government, and wrote a "Great Tsinghua" education reform plan.Ye Qisun did not want to keep the Tsinghua University career created by many professors, but he was already "slightly talkative" at that time. The idea of ​​"focusing on the overall situation" made him reluctantly part with others, and suppressed the education reform plan of the "Great Tsinghua University". He once told Fan Gongjie, who was in the office with him at the time, that he was "emotionally sad", "but the government It has been decided, the government has the government's ideas, we should respect it and act according to the government's decision."

According to Mr. Ye Minghan's recollection, Ye Qisun disagreed with this approach in his heart.He believes that this is not a reform, but a "reform", that is, it is unscientific to use the method of social revolution to rule everything, and it is completely unscientific to understand the laws of teaching.But at this time, he was already a strong man in his twilight years.Everyone thinks that he is outdated, unable to keep up with the train of the times, and that he can no longer be trusted.A bone-piercing chill emerged, and after exercising, he also learned to keep his mouth shut.

In this way, on October 4, 1952, the Schools of Arts, Science, and Law of Tsinghua University were forced to move to Peking University under compulsory measures, and the School of Engineering of Peking University was also merged into Tsinghua University.At the first opening ceremony of Tsinghua University, Ma Yinchu, the president of Peking University, once said something like this: "Today I congratulate Tsinghua University and Peking University on their marriage. Your dean has come to us, and our dean has gone to you. ;Your Faculty of Arts, Science, and Law have come to us, and our Faculty of Engineering has gone to you, isn’t this a marriage?” The audience erupted into rumbling laughter for such a wonderful speech.But it didn't take long for the new Tsinghua University, with its Soviet genes, to expose its serious flaws in the rumbling laughter.

The autumn of 1952 seems to have come earlier than usual.The recent storms made Ye Qisun, who was already seldom speaking, even more silent.Except for the essential daily work and meetings, he is rarely seen in the Jingchun Garden of Peking University.These days, Kang Sheng, Chen Boda and his like borrowed Lysenko’s theories from the Soviet Union to engage in class struggle in the academic field; students did not discuss matters related to study, but talked about politics; Criticize society, criticize Einstein, Newton, Maxwell... Few people pay attention to him, an old pedant who is derailed from politics.Sometimes, Ye Qisun sat in his study with large glass windows, looking out of the window at the old trees that turn yellow day by day and the number of birds that are getting fewer and fewer, he suddenly wondered, plants can wither due to the cold in winter, and birds Children can fly south for food in winter, why can't human beings hibernate due to environmental changes?He often wore a faded gray cloth gown and sat there looking out the window for an hour without saying a word or moving.Originally, he had already passed his destiny and had no children. He was used to this kind of loneliness, used to sitting and meditating in an empty house, but the recent period of time made him feel that life was boring.He doesn't care about everyone's criticism of him, but he doesn't understand why Tsinghua University's academic thinking should be criticized!Why do some people disregard the future of the country because of their own likes and dislikes?Why do well-known truths change overnight?

Ye Qisun didn't understand! After Ye Qisun arrived at Peking University, due to his performance in the "Thought Reform" movement, it was no longer possible for him to hold any administrative position.And this just met Ye Qisun's wish.He devoted himself to teaching during this period, and only in 1953 he taught optics, general physics for geography, general physics for meteorology, atmospheric optics, etc.It was already a luxury for Ye Qisun at that time to be able to pass on his knowledge to future generations. In September 1954, Ye Qisun attended the first National People's Congress as a representative of the National People's Congress. In 1955, when the Chinese Academy of Sciences was established, Ye Qisun was elected as a member of the academic department (that is, today's academician), and a member of the Mathematical Chemistry Department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and also served as the director of the Department of Metal Physics and Magnetism in the Department of Physics of Peking University.

He was originally unwilling to accept these auras outside of teaching, but for him who had lost trust for a long time, their arrival gave him the motivation to continue working. In the 1950s, my country's magnetism major was still in its infancy. In order to make this emerging discipline take root in China as soon as possible within his lifetime, Ye Qisun once again started a hard business.Ye Qisun attached great importance to experimental work all his life, and his teaching of magnetism was no exception.He invested the experience and spirit of establishing the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University into the magnetism work of Peking University, and personally guided the experiments and teaching of the magnetism group.At that time, the magnetic laboratory was only 40 square meters, and Mr. Hu Guozhang was in charge of it, but Ye Qisun personally attended everything from the experimental equipment, operation to work conditions, and cared deeply.For the teaching assistants who have just graduated, Ye Qisun has carefully cultivated them.In his heart, the teaching level of a teacher determines the knowledge level of his students, and the knowledge level of his students determines the knowledge level of the next generation of students. The blue comes from the blue and is better than the blue, and one generation is stronger than the next.So when his first batch of magnetism students became his teaching assistants, Ye Qisun once again showed his excellence and uniqueness in cultivating talents.This can be seen from Dai Daosheng, his student at the time and the earliest magnetism graduate in my country:

After I graduated, I worked as a teaching assistant in the magnetics group. Ye Qisun asked me to be responsible for building a sucksmith ring scale to measure the magnetization. He personally guided me and Xu Cheng to complete this work, from the principle to the actual design plan. After asking, the application effect will be inspected after completion.Since Mr. Zhang Zhixiang was transferred to teach university physics after 1955, in addition to the work in the laboratory, Mr. Ye asked me to prepare for the "Magnetic Analysis" course, which is a course with high requirements for the basics of magnetic materials and experimental techniques. It is really difficult for me who just graduated. Mr. Ye often asks me to go to him to report the preparation situation, patiently explain the problems and doubts I encounter, provide specific help, and personally consult reference books and materials for me, and point out The key to note.During the half-year lesson preparation process, I have laid a good foundation in the basic theory of magnetism and experimental techniques.

Mr. Ye is very strict with young teachers and cares about their growth. He attaches great importance to both teaching and scientific research. He believes that only teaching without scientific research cannot become a good teacher.Therefore, in the first year of my teaching assistant career, Mr. Ye asked me to go to the Institute of Science and Applied Physics (in Donghuangchenggen, the predecessor of the current Institute of Physics) to study the precipitation and magnetic properties of ni-au alloy with Mr. Pan Xiaoshuo. Go two days a week.In this way, I have to teach experiments (third stage of intermediate physics class), prepare lectures, and at the same time take into account scientific research. The workload is heavy, from 7:00 am to 12:00 pm every day, and I rarely rest on Sundays.I remember that Chairman Mao had just published his call for good health, good study, and good work, requiring young people to develop in an all-round way in terms of morality, intelligence, and physical fitness. We all had an hour of physical exercise in the afternoon. Young people must have a healthy body to be competent for the heavy teaching and scientific research work. He also introduced his health preservation experience to us. He is in good health and rarely gets sick.He was very concerned about the health of his classmates. He remembered that Xiao Guoping, who was a class lower than me, was in poor health. Mr. Ye ordered milk for him (it was difficult to order at the time, and it was not available in the market), and asked him to drink milk every day. (Dai Daosheng's "Recalling Teacher Ye Qisun's Training for Me", see "A Generation of Teacher Ye Qisun", pp. 212-213)

In fact, Xiao Guoping was not the only one who went to Ye Qisun's house to drink milk. In the 1960s when the country was in extreme difficulty, many students were weak and sick due to malnutrition, which affected their studies. Ye Qisun used the state's living allowance for senior intellectuals to buy a small amount every month. A special supply of food, let his students to his home to get.Lin Feng once happened to see this scene when he visited Mr. Ye: Mr. Ye distributed bags of sugar and milk powder to his students.After the students left, Mr. Ye told Lin Feng that these young people worked hard and did well in their studies and work, but they didn't take care of them. I have very little things, which are only enough for them to live for a few days.

Zhang Zhixiang said in his article "Recalling Mr. Ye Qisun": "Mr. Ye loves students very much. When our class graduated, he invited us to his home in batches and gave us sweets and snacks... He is not married and has a relatively affluent house. Let his students live in the vacant house of his house. For example, let Sun Liangfang live in his house when he was in Tsinghua University; let Yang Haitao live in his house when he was in Peking University. After the adjustment of departments, Peking University had housing difficulties, so Mr. Ye took the initiative to give up the house to Liang Baohong During the difficult period in 1961, I didn’t have enough to eat, and I suffered from edema. Seeing that my complexion was not good, Mr. Ye once asked me to drink milk at his home. When I went, his graduate student Xiao Guoping was also there, and he cut Bought us some bread." This is how Ye Qisun cares about his students from the bottom of his heart and sincerely trains talents for the country.During his decades of teaching career, he has been very concerned about the development and work of every student. In the summer of 1963, when the Chinese Physical Society held an academic meeting in Beijing, his 1949 graduate Long Qiwei also came to the meeting. At the group meeting, Long Qiwei met Mr. Ye.Since he met Mr. Ye for the first time after graduation, 14 years later, Long Qi feared that Mr. Ye, who was full of peaches and plums, would not recognize him, so he took the initiative to report his family.Unexpectedly, the 65-year-old Ye Qisun said repeatedly: "Remember, you are in the same class as Ye Minghan, and you went to the northeast with Chen Chi." Perhaps this era no longer remembers who Ye Qisun is, but Ye Qisun will always remember his students, his post of teaching and educating people, and his mission of saving the country through science.