Chapter 48 third quarter

In the autumn of 1954, the Chinese Academy of Sciences established the Chinese Natural Science History Research Committee, and set up a Science History Group in the Second Institute of History to prepare for the establishment of an independent professional scientific history research institution.The director of the Natural Science History Research Committee was Mr. Zhu Kezhen, then vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, who was responsible for all aspects of the work.Mr. Ye Qisun and the historian Mr. Hou Wailu were the deputy directors. Because Mr. Hou was busy with past research, he had very little management. In this way, the specific work of the committee fell on Ye Qisun.

Retiring from the leadership position, Ye Qisun did not seem to feel uncomfortable.He goes to work at the history institute two days a week, and when he goes to work, he has to go to school one hour earlier than when he goes to school.He took the bus at the gate of Peking University, and after arriving at the zoo, he changed to the bus to Dongcheng. He didn't care if there were seats or not.He was 56 years old at this time.When he was in his thirties, he already had a private car. At that time, he should be the first one in Tsinghua University. His monthly salary at that time was more than 400 yuan, which was one of the best among the teaching staff. Because there is no family burden, the money seems to be generous. Even the principal Mei Yiqi has many daughters, and his life is not as good as him.After the July 7th Incident, he sold the car and donated the money to Jizhong when he was in Tianjin.After liberation, his salary was more than 400 yuan, which was even higher than that of Chairman Mao Zedong at that time.Now that he is older, he fell down when he should have a car, but he doesn't seem to care about it, and thinking about it deeply, there are many benefits to not having a car.

This is a change. He believes that this is the result of reforming the mind. Before coming to Peking University, he believed that Tsinghua University's thought reform movement should be regarded as "magnificent", but after arriving at Peking University, he realized that it was a wrong opinion.During the ideological reform movement at Peking University, Ma Yinchu wrote a letter to Premier Zhou, and specially hired ten people including Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou, and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De as tutors for political studies at Peking University. Mao Zedong also praised that "this kind of study is very good", which shows that Peking University " Take a shower" is quite essential.In the "loyalty and honesty" movement that followed, Peking University also made a splash. Even some historical issues such as "being a military policeman for a month" were dug up, which shows the strength of the movement.Not only that, because "to learn from the advanced experience of the Soviet Union", Peking University began to hire a group of Soviet experts and professors to promote the Soviet textbooks in the textbooks. Among the 232 textbooks in the school, 52 Soviet textbooks accounted for more than 1/5.The Institute of Literature has begun to criticize Hu Shi's bourgeois idealism, and the Chinese Department has begun to criticize Yu Pingbo's erroneous views.The Department of Philosophy held a report meeting to celebrate the publication of Stalin's "Marxism and Linguistic Problems".The school leaders said at the meeting: "To promote the development of science, we must eliminate bourgeois ideology in academia and ensure that science develops in the right direction under the guidance of Marxism-Leninism." ("Peking University Chronicle", published by Peking University Society 1998 edition, p. 486)

In such an environment, Ye Qisun was both relieved and confused.On the one hand, he really thinks that he does have something that needs to be remodeled, just like someone said to "take a bath". The reason for "washing" is that there is dust, mud, and metabolic secretions on his body. Rubbing, flushing with water, it is clean, refreshing and translucent, and there is nothing wrong with traveling lightly.With this kind of mentality and an attitude of accepting new things, he is really strict with himself, and really thinks that he has "original sin". For example, commuting by bus like this every day, from the western suburbs to the eastern city, to loosen the muscles and bones, soothe the mood, change the background, get close to the people, experience the daily life of the people, change their thoughts and feelings, and unite with the new China To advance together is what he is willing and hoping for. He can feel that his adaptability is growing like a plant in spring, and he thinks he can make progress.

Confusing is another aspect.Why is there always a sense of tension and restlessness in the air? Why do I always like to rub mud and bleed when "bathing"?He doesn't understand this.If a person is sick, the doctor is not to cure him, but to put him to death. Why?Why are there so many artificially created injustices, indifference, strife, narrowness, narrowness, suspicion, hatred, hatred, slander, abuse, and even harm in the crowd, why can't they be relaxed, calm, gentle, humble, polite, loving, and comfortable , beautiful, poetic and harmonious?If it is said that learning and reforming is a matter of a lifetime, why can't we take a long-term plan instead of creating a storm?Movements come one after another, densely packed and boundless, which makes people panic and everyone is in danger. Why?Do people live for movement or for creation?Is such an environment conducive to concentrating on science?He is an educator. He has not used Soviet teaching materials in the past, and he has also cultivated many talents?He didn't blindly reject Soviet textbooks, but why did he just copy all the things that hadn't been tested in practice?He is a physical scientist who attaches great importance to experiments. Anything that has not been tested can only be doubted. This is the attitude that scientists should have.What he couldn't figure out was why engaging in science had anything to do with "purging bourgeois ideology"?Does scientific development have to eliminate bourgeois ideology?What is bourgeois thinking, these abstract things are invisible and intangible, but it is worth fighting against it all day long?Why does no one calculate the national cost?In terms of reality, can intellectuals like him be considered bourgeois?One has no assets, two has no capital, and three has no funds. From a materialist point of view, is it the greatest idealism to force these "three withouts" into the ranks of the bourgeoisie?As for bourgeois thinking, it is even more elusive.The economic base determines the superstructure. This is the consistent thought of Marxism-Leninism. Since he is a "three noes", how can he produce bourgeois thinking?If you say that your own ideological structure is both bourgeois and proletarian, as well as feudal, both traditional and modern, both conservative and progressive, they are mixed and intertwined, it is difficult It is difficult to sum up in black and white, even if it is forced into "bourgeois thinking", it will be too simple and biased.This is true for myself, and so is others.That being the case, why should political campaigns and ideological struggles be introduced endlessly in universities?

He couldn't figure it out. The reason why he goes to work in the city every week is not only the attraction of the history of natural science itself, but also the meaning of hiding.According to historical data, Peking University at this time was rapidly moving towards an "advanced socialist university". From 1952 to 1958, only from the semantics and etymology to study the language of Peking University during this period, any "Cultural Revolution" "The words that appear in ", if you find the source, nine out of ten are born here.It was these new languages, new thinking, new measures, and new actions that developed and grew like embryos at Peking University, and became a small "Cultural Revolution" in the style of Peking University, which was later spread to the whole country by the hands of great men.It is said that Mao Zedong launched the "Cultural Revolution", but the right to invent it belongs to Peking University.Peking University is the source and birthplace of the "Cultural Revolution". It is by no means accidental that Peking University was the first to have Red Guards and rebels like Nie Yuanzi.

A university with the goal of being an "advanced socialist university" has become the source of the "Cultural Revolution", which is thought-provoking. It is thought-provoking that a Tsinghua University with many "bourgeois academic authorities" has cultivated many talents who are the pillars of the new China. So far, Peking University and Tsinghua University have gone through half a century after the school adjustment.The combined academic achievements and outstanding talents of the two universities are also difficult to compare with the achievements of Ye Qisun's Tsinghua University School of Science.Here are relevant materials provided by Taiwanese scholar Mr. Su Yunfeng——

There are a total of 515 graduates from the Faculty of Science, 381 of whom have information, including 311 in mainland China, 29 in Taiwan, 35 in the United States, and 6 in Hong Kong, China.They are jointly committed to scientific basic research, as well as the application and development of industrial defense technology.In terms of national defense science and technology, the "rich country and strong military" that China has pursued since the self-strengthening movement in the Qing Dynasty has been implemented. "Strengthening the military" was not implemented until the 1960s and 1970s. In the hands of students from the two colleges of Tsinghua University of Science and Technology.In the field of basic scientific research such as physics, chemistry, biology and geology, it has also made much progress compared with the first half of the 20th century.Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao won the Nobel Prize, which further strengthened the confidence of the Chinese people.

There are 68 physics graduates in mainland China, 3 in the United States, 2 in Taiwan, and 1 in Hong Kong.There are 18 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in mainland China. Wang Ganchang, the "father of China's hydrogen bomb", and Qian Xuesen, the "father of China's missiles", are among them.Let us further describe their performance. Wang Ganchang (graduated in 1929) is the main founder and pioneer of experimental research on atomic nuclei, cosmic rays and elementary particles in contemporary China. In the early 1960s, he served as the vice president of the Nuclear Weapons Research Institute. Together with some scientists from Tsinghua University, such as Peng Huanwu and Deng Jiaxian (1945, with the approval of Yang Zhenning), he completed the "596 Project" that developed the first atomic bomb and has influenced the development of science in the mainland. The "863 plan", which includes the nuclear program, Wang is known as the "father of China's hydrogen bomb".Qian Xuesen (studying in the United States at Tsinghua University in 1934) is a famous American aviation engineering expert. For the sake of patriotism, he gave up his lofty status in the United States and returned to China to develop the aviation industry.He used to be the dean of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense and the deputy director of the Seventh Machinery Department. He was engaged in the development of missiles and training talents, and made important contributions to China's development of new weapons such as rockets.Many Tsinghua Institute of Technology graduates participated in Qian Xuesen's research plan. Among them, Peng Huanwu (1936), an academician of the Department of Mathematical Physics, was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He chaired the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Qian Sanqiang (graduated in 1936), academician of the Department of Mathematical Physics, deputy director of the Second Ministry of Machinery and director of the Institute of Atomic Energy, discovered "three fissions in nuclear reactions", and is one of the founders of China's atomic energy industry.In addition, it also participated in the preparation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and its various departments to train talents.He Zehui (graduated in 1936), academician of the Department of Mathematical Physics, engaged in nuclear physics research and participated in the development of nuclear weapons.Gong Zutong (1930), academician of the Ministry of Technology and Science, is one of the earliest researchers and designers of optical instruments in China.Fu Chengyi (1933), academician of the Department of Earth Sciences, is one of the main founders of Chinese geophysical science.Weng Wenbo (graduated in 1934), academician of the Department of Earth Sciences, has made great contributions to China's oil exploration and won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award.Zhang Zongsui (graduated in 1934), academician of the Department of Mathematical Physics, is a quantum theory physicist in theoretical physics.Wang Daheng (1936), academician of the Academy of Technical Sciences, a famous applied optics scientist, and one of the founders of China's optical industry.Qin Xinling (1937), academician of the Department of Earth Sciences, contributed to the determination of China's steel base and sounding technology.Ge Tingsui (graduated in 1937), academician of the Department of Mathematical Physics, is a famous metallographer.Hu Ning (graduated in 1938), academician of the Department of Mathematical Physics, is mainly engaged in the research of quantum electrodynamics, which is also helpful to the development of atomic energy.Zhang Enqiu (graduated in 1938), academician of the Ministry of Technology and Science, is an electron tube and cathode electronics scientist.Chen Fangyun (1938), academician of the Ministry of Technology and Science, is engaged in the research and design of aerospace ground measurement systems, and has won the National Science and Technology Progress Award.Yu Zhongzheng (1936), formerly known as Yu Guangyuan (one of the leaders of the "December 9" Movement), is an academician of the Chinese Ministry of Philosophy and Social Sciences.Among the members of the Faculty, Zhao Jiuzhang (1933) was a pioneer in the physicalization and new technology of China's earth sciences and the founder of China's dynamic meteorological research. Unfortunately, he died in the "Cultural Revolution" struggle.Wang Zhuxi (graduated in 1933), once served as the director and vice president of the theoretical physics teaching and research section of Peking University, and is good at thermodynamics.Qian Weichang (1935) is the deputy director of the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a member of the Scientific Planning Committee of the State Council, an academician of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and the president of Shanghai University of Technology.Li Zhengwu (1938) is the director of the Southwest Institute of Physics, Ministry of Nuclear Industry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.Others such as: Zhou Tongqing (1929) is a professor at the Central and Fudan Universities, and is a pioneer in the study of spectroscopy in China.Feng Bingquan (1930) is the dean of Lingnan University and a famous electronics scientist and educator.Wang Tianjuan (1938) is the director of Wuhan Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has studied microwave spectroscopy for a long time and is also a famous physicist.He Chengjun (1938) participated in the preparatory work of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and was a professor at Tsinghua University.Shen Hongtao (graduated in 1938) is a professor and vice president of Northeast Institute of Technology. He has conducted in-depth research on ballistics. He has participated in the development of rockets and has made many achievements.Sun Xiang (1938) is the director of the Southwest Institute of Physics in Leshan, Sichuan, specializing in atomic spectroscopy and plasma physics.Wang Yuexi (graduated in 1939) is the chief designer and chief engineer of Northwest Optical Instrument Factory.Zhou Guoquan (graduated in 1941) is the director of Sichuan Guoguang Electronics Factory, the vice president and chief engineer of the 14th Research Institute of the 4th Machinery Factory.Ying Chongfu (graduated in 1945) is an acoustic researcher of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the director of the Ultrasonic Laboratory, and the deputy director. He has won the first prize of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Science and Technology Progress Award and the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award.

In Taiwan, Bingo (class of 1932) was the director of the Kaohsiung Oil Refinery, unfortunately died of an explosion.Gu Boyan (class of 1938) is the principal of Taipei Technical College, the director of the Engineering Department of the Normal University, the director of the Production Department of the Retirement Association, and a research professor at the East-West Cultural Center of the University of Hawaii. In the United States, Yang Zhenning (graduated in 1944) is a professor and director of the Institute of Physics at the State University of New York, an academician of the American Academy of Sciences, and a co-winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics with Li Zhengdao, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and a foreign academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Lin Jiaqiao (graduated in 1937) is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has made outstanding achievements in the study of density wave theory and instability of galaxy spiral structures.Dai Zhenduo (class of 1937) is an academician of the American Academy of Engineering Sciences, a professor of the University of Michigan, a senior research engineer of kms industries, and a professor of Arab University.

The Department of Chemistry has 166 graduates (15 girls), which is the department with the largest number of graduates in the Faculty of Science. There are 119 graduates with information, including 88 from mainland China, 1 from Hong Kong, 15 from Taiwan, and 15 from the United States. Almost all those in the mainland work in important national research departments and have made significant contributions to basic research and development in Sinopec, metallurgy, and medicine.Among them, 16 were elected as academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The following 12 people are in the Department of Chemistry: Yuan Hanqing (graduated in 1929) was the first to discover the mutarotation of biphenyl compounds.Zhang Dayu (graduated in 1929) is an outstanding contributor to the earliest establishment of petroleum and coal chemical research bases in China.Shi Jun (1934) has been engaged in chemical engineering education and research for a long time.Gao Zhenheng (graduated in 1934) is a famous organic chemist.Wang Dexi (graduated in 1935) was specialized in the research of atomic energy. He developed the neutron source for the ignition of the first atomic bomb—xy pellets, and personally went to the test site to install them.Chen Guanrong (graduated in 1936) is the Chief Engineer of the First Design Institute of the Ministry of Petrochemical.Wu Chi (graduated in 1936) is the vice president and chief engineer of the Academy of Petrochemical Sciences.Feng Xinde (class of 1937) is engaged in polymer chemistry research and is a professor at Tsinghua University and Peking University.Cao Benxi (class of 1938) has been engaged in petrochemical research for a long time and has made contributions to China's nuclear weapons.Xiao Lun (class of 1939) is the founder of China's artificial radioisotope industry.Zhu Yajie (1938) has been a professor of petrochemical science for a long time. He is the chairman of the China Energy Research Association and the deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Petroleum Industry.Zhang Qinglian (graduated in 1934) is the dean of the Chemistry Department of Peking University and the chairman of the Chinese Society for Mass Spectrometry.Wang Shizhen (1938) is an academician of the Department of Physics, engaged in nuclear medicine research.Sun Dehe (1934) is an academician of the Ministry of Technology and Science, a metallurgical expert, and presides over the first special steel plant in China.Chen Xinmin (1935) is an academician of the Ministry of Technology and Science, specializing in thermodynamics and kinetics, and is the dean of the Central South Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.Huang Peiyun (1938) is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the founder of China's powder metallurgy science.Others such as: Xiong Shangyuan (1933) is the director of the Yumen Oilfield Refinery and the chief engineer of the Yumen Petroleum and Mining Bureau.Yang Lianping (1937) is the vice president of the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences.Lei Xinghan (graduated in 1930) is the director and honorary president of the Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry. He won the first prize of the National Invention for the development of a new anti-schistosomiasis drug, furanpropylamine oral agent.Liu Weiqin (1938) is a professor of medicinal chemistry at Beijing Medical University, a doctoral and postdoctoral supervisor.Guo Hongyun (graduated in 1940) is the chief engineer of the State Administration of Medicine in Beijing.Zhang Longxiang (1937) is a professor of biochemistry, vice president and president of Peking University.Cao Guangrui (graduated in 1938) was good at papermaking and was the chief engineer of Jilin Yitun Paper Factory.Chen Sizhen (1938) is the director of the Beijing Laboratory of the Ministry of Geology, and has made important contributions to the analysis of rocks and minerals in China's geological system.Li Xun (graduated in 1940) is good at refractory research and is a senior engineer of Taiyuan Iron and Steel Company.Many others do similar work. In Taiwan, Qian Siliang (class of 1931) is the president of National Taiwan University, academician and dean of the "Academia Sinica".Zhang Guangshi (1935) is the manager and director of CNPC, and the minister of the "Ministry of Economic Affairs".Zhang Mingzhe (graduated in 1935) is the director of CNPC Kaohsiung Plant, the president of "Tsinghua University", and the chairman of the National Science Council.Fei Ziqi (graduated in 1939) is the general manager of CNPC, a professor of Chenggong University and "Tsinghua University".Zhu Shugong (1936) is the deputy director of the Hsinchu Research Institute of CNPC, the director of the Joint Industrial and Agricultural Research Institute of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, and the professor and dean of "Tsinghua University".Yu Changwu (class of 1935) is the director of Taiwan Sugar Factory.Huang Dahe (class of 1939) is the chief engineer of Taiwan Fertilizer.Chen Ruige (graduated in 1935) is the director of Taiwan Sugar Changhua Factory and a consultant of Taiwan Sugar Corporation.Han Weibang (class of 1936) is the deputy director of the engineering department of Taiwan Fertilizer Urea Plant.Ma Shiyin (1929) is the assistant manager of Taiwan Fertilizer Company.Zhao Xiyong (class of 1929) is the general manager and executive director of Taiwan Paper Company.They made important contributions to Taiwan's early academic and economic construction. Zhu Rujin (class of 1940) in the United States is a professor at the Brooklyn Institute of Technology, a famous chemical and rocket expert, and an academician of the "Academia Sinica".Ma Zusheng (1931 class), Su Guozhen (1931 class), Luo Jianben (1935 class) are all university professors.Sun Zengjue (class of 1933) is the director of the research department of a plastic company.Xia Qinduo (class of 1933) is the founder of New York Sammy Company.In addition, Fang Enshou (class of 1929) is a consultant to the embassy in the Philippines, a physician at the Philippine General Hospital, and a professor at the Faculty of Medicine, University of the Philippines. There are 65 people from the Department of Earth Sciences in mainland China, 5 people from Taiwan and the United States, and 2 people from Hong Kong, China.The Department of Earth Sciences is similar to the Department of Geology, and Weng Wenhao is their teacher.Their achievements in China's geological exploration, petroleum, coal development, meteorology and paleontological research have taken a big step forward compared with Ding Wenjiang's era. In mainland China, the following 7 people were selected as academicians of the Department of Earth Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: Cheng Yuqi (1933) has been engaged in iron ore research and exploration for a long time, and won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award.Yang Zunyi (graduated in 1933) is proficient in English, German, French and Russian, and has conducted in-depth research on many departments of vertebrate paleontology.Cheng Chunshu (graduated in 1936), chief engineer of the Central Meteorological Observatory, deputy director and chief engineer of the National Meteorological Administration, is a worker who introduced foreign meteorological technology and created modern Chinese meteorology.Song Shuhe (1938) is the deputy chief engineer of the Northwest Geological Bureau and an expert in regional rock and non-ferrous metal deposits.Ye Duzheng (graduated in 1940) is an internationally renowned meteorologist, the founder of modern Chinese dynamical meteorology, an honorary member of the Royal Meteorological Society, and a foreign academician of the Academy of Finland.Xie Yibing (graduated in 1940) is an overseas honorary member of the Royal Society, and won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award and the National Natural Science Award.Chi Jishang (graduated in 1941) is a professor and vice president of Beijing Institute of Geology, Wuhan Institute of Geology, etc. He proposed the petrochemical index of Chinese kimberlite mineralization.Others such as: Xia Xiangrong (1934) is the chief engineer of the National Geological Data Bureau of the Ministry of Geology.Li Shijin (graduated in 1938) is a professor of Henan University. He has investigated and studied the natural and human geography of Southwest and Northwest China. He has specialized works and is a famous geography educator.Wang Nailiang (1939) is a professor, deputy director and director of the Department of Geomorphology of the Department of Geology, Peking University.Fan Jintai (1939) is a senior engineer of the Ministry of Heavy Industry and Metallurgical Industry.Gao Wentai (graduated in 1939) is the director of the Geology Department of China Institute of Mining and Technology, and an engineer of Anshan Iron and Steel Company and other units.Gao Chongzhao (graduated in 1939) is a professor of Coalfield Geology Department of Beijing Institute of Mining and Technology, and has contributed to coalfield geology education.Xu Yandun (graduated in 1939) served as the chief engineer of the coating, selection, metallurgy and other enterprises under the Ministry of Metallurgy.Chen Ben (1939) was the deputy chief engineer of the Petroleum Exploration Department and died during the "Cultural Revolution".Zou Xingai (graduated in 1939) contributed to academia by publishing such books and periodicals as Earth Science Collection and Meteorology Series.Zhu Hezhou (1940) is the director of the Meteorology Department of Nanjing Meteorological Institute.Song Liwu (1940) is the director of the weather teaching and research section of the Air Force Command, and published "Meteorology Course" and "Synoptic Course".Wang Dachun (1943) is the director of the Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Beijing Institute of Geology, and a professor at China University of Geosciences.Ren Zeyu (graduated in 1946) is the Chief Engineer of the Technical Department of the Ministry of Geology.Peng Qirui (class of 1938) in Hong Kong is a professor of the Department of Geography and Geology of the University of Hong Kong and a consultant of the Hong Kong Museum. In the United States, Li Qingyuan (1934) is the director of the Mining Division of the United Nations Economic Commission for the Far East.Gao Shigong (graduated in 1939) is a professor at the University of Utah, director of the Department of Meteorology, executive member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and member of the American Association for Atmospheric Research.Zhang Qiren (class of 1946) is a professor of geography at Central University of Connecticut. There are 41 students from the Department of Biology in mainland China, 2 in Hong Kong and 2 in Taiwan, and 6 in the United States.Six of them are academicians in mainland China.They are: Xu Ren (graduated in 1933) is an academician of the Department of Earth Sciences and one of the world's leading authorities on paleobotany and palynology.Wu Zhengyi (1937) is an academician of the Department of Biology, an authority on plant taxonomy and flora, and an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Phytogeographical Society.Lu Baolin (graduated in 1941) is an academician of the Department of Biology, and has researched on the taxonomic flora of mosquitoes in China, the ecology of vector mosquitoes and their control.Lou Chenghou (1932) is the vice president of Peking University, vice president of the research institute, and member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Wang Fuxiong (graduated in 1936) is a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and is the first researcher of modern Chinese plant pollen morphology.Wang Zhijun (graduated in 1936) has long been engaged in the research of digestive physiology, training talents for physiology and medicine, and is a member of the Faculty.Pan Cuijing (graduated in 1938) is a researcher at the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing, and has made outstanding contributions to the basic theory and experimental treatment of esophageal cancer.But there are also some people who are politically persecuted and unable to contribute their strengths. In Taiwan, Liu Faxuan (1931) was a consultant to the "Ministry of Economic Affairs" and the general manager of the Taiwan Provincial Aquatic Products Company, a professor and dean of the National Taiwan University, and retired as the dean of the Faculty of Science of Hong Kong New Asia College. In the United States, Wang Qiwu (class of 1933) is a professor of biology at Idaho University.Lin Congmin (graduated in 1938) is a consulting professor at Indiana State University School of Medicine, and pioneered the theory of histamine receptor specificity in gastric acid cells, which was proved by British experts.Jiang Huaizhang (class of 1938) specializes in insect ecology, and serves as a consultant to the US Department of Agriculture in addition to teaching.Tang Peiquan (1942) is a professor of physiology at the University of Chicago School of Medicine. There are 31 graduates from the Department of Mathematics in mainland China, 3 in Taiwan, and 2 in the United States.The Department of Mathematics is taught by famous teachers such as Xiong Qinglai, Hua Luogeng, Chen Shengshen, Yang Wuzhi and Zheng Zhifan. The students are outstanding and have achieved outstanding results. In the United States, the most famous one is Chern Shiing-shen (graduated in 1934), honorary professor, director and honorary director of the Institute of Mathematics of the University of California, Berkeley, foreign academician of the National Academy of Sciences such as the United States, France, and Italy, and academician of the Academia Sinica. Master of Mathematics.Zhong Kailai (class of 1940) is a professor at Stanford University, Princeton University and Cornell University, an academician of Academia Sinica, and a world-class mathematics master.Wang Xianzhong (class of 1941) is a professor at Northwestern University and Cornell University. There are 3 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in mainland China: Ke Zhao (1933) served as the president and honorary president of Sichuan University. He has made extraordinary achievements in the study of linear and indefinite equations.Duan Xuefu (class of 1936) is a professor of the Department of Mathematics and Institute of Peking University, and an academician of the Department of Mathematical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Yan Zhida (graduated in 1942) is a professor at the Institute of Mathematics of Nankai University, an academician of the Department of Mathematical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and one of the earliest researchers in China who engaged in differential and integral geometry.Others such as Xu Bao (1933) is a master of statistics, a professor of Peking University, and the earliest researcher engaged in mathematical statistics and probability theory in China.Zheng Zengtong (1937) is a professor and director of the Probability and Statistics Department of Sun Yat-sen University.Tian Fangzeng (1938) is a researcher at the Institute of Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.Zhu Dexiang (class of 1938) is a professor, head and vice president of the Department of Mathematics, Yunnan University. Xu Xianxiu (class of 1935) in Taiwan was a professor at MIT and Purdue University, president of "Tsinghua University" in Hsinchu, and chairman of the National Science Council. There are 16 graduates from the Department of Psychology in mainland China, 2 in Taiwan, and 4 in the United States.People in the mainland lack opportunities for development. Only Li Jiazhi (1940) was engaged in labor psychology and engineering psychology research at the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and later changed to artificial intelligence, proving that computers can understand Chinese.Zhang Minjue (graduated in 1933) in the United States obtained doctoral degrees in philosophy and science successively in the United Kingdom and the United States, and became a famous experimental biologist.The two in Taiwan showed little performance.It seems that the achievements of psychology graduates are less prominent. ("From Tsinghua Academy to Tsinghua University", pp. 221-228) The above information is the incomplete statistics of Mr. Su.Mr. Su explained in the book: "The first thing to explain is the number of years of this graduate list. 1929 was the end of the old Tsinghua University system, and it was also the year when the first graduates of Tsinghua University left. Although the research in this book Taking 1937 as the lower limit, but I hope to see the performance of graduates of Tsinghua University, so the evaluation time is extended to 1947. Or ask why it was stopped in 1947, the reason is that in 1948, the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was fierce, and the school was disturbed. Tsinghua University The university may not have submitted the rosters of these two batches of graduates to the Ministry of Education, so in the existing files of the Ministry of Education, these two rosters of graduates are missing." In this incomplete statistics, Tsinghua University has trained undergraduates in the past 20 years. There are 2,264 graduates, including 515 from the Faculty of Science and 640 from the Faculty of Engineering. Those without information account for 66% of the total. "In mainland China, students from institutes of science and technology are highly valued, and their greatest contribution lies in the construction of basic industries and national defense science and technology. From 1955 to 1980, 194 of these Tsinghua graduates and some teachers from old Tsinghua alumni were elected as academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, accounting for 194 of them. 41% of the total number of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. From 1955 to 1957, 18 people were elected as academicians of the Academy of Social Sciences, accounting for 28%. People were elected as academicians of European and American National Academy of Sciences..." With such an achievement coming out, Ye Qisun certainly has the feeling that the sea was too difficult for the water.To convince a scientist and educator like him, how can he change his mind by only relying on administrative orders to indoctrinate him rotely and other means to learn about political transformation without any greater results to prove his correctness?It is for this reason that Ye Qisun once again adopted the old method of avoiding politics, going to the city two days a week, just like what Lu Xun said in his poem, "Hiding in a small building to form a unity", now he is hiding in the city to form a unity, the two I don't hear anything outside the city, and I only care about the history of science. From the autumn of 1954 to the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", for about 12 years, Ye Qisun spent at least 3 days a week in the city.In the book "The Cornerstone of Chinese Science and Technology", we can get a glimpse of Ye Qisun's behavior during this period and some of his research on the history of science from a "revealing" material by his relatives—— Before the "Cultural Revolution", Ye Qisun, a member of the Communist Party, often ate out.Ye made an appointment with Lao Zhou, a coworker, to give Lao Zhou a certain amount of food every month, agreeing to eat 20 meals at home every month, and eat the rest out, and usually went to the city three times a week, twice to the Committee on the History of Science (Tuesday , 5), and the other time is usually Sunday.Ye has a habit of inviting dinner to anyone who visits him.I often invite others to dinner in the city on Sunday.Ye often goes to Wangfujing, and the places he often visits in Wangfujing are: Heping Restaurant (in Dongan Market, where he goes to eat or drink coffee in the afternoon and take a rest, the number of times he goes there), Jislin (in Dongan Market), Senlong (Dongan In the market, I went less than the above two places. Around the early days of liberation, before the opening of the Peace Restaurant, I went to Senlong more often), Huagong (on Donghuamen Street, before the 1960s, I went more often) Later, the store seemed to be closed down, or the business items were changed. It was originally Western food), cultural club (formerly the site of the European and American Scholars Association, around 1961, there were special care for senior intellectuals here, and there were many people there. Later, it was not big. I heard that I went), Yili (on Donghuamen Street. He said that sometimes he went to rest and drink a glass of milk), Guangdong Restaurant (downstairs in Huaqiao Building, sometimes he also went there). In addition to the above-mentioned restaurants in the Wangfujing area, I also often go to the Moscow restaurant in the Beijing Exhibition Center (I am very familiar with the waiters. In 1961, Ye could not take the number, and sometimes he ate in a special place for foreign guests). Ye often went, Ye said the location is close and convenient. Ye generally likes to eat Western food, and he likes to find a place with more comfortable seats to eat, such as Heping and Moscow restaurants.When entering the city, I usually take a bus. When I come back, I usually take a bus to the zoo, and then take a car to go home. I go to bed very late every day, often after 12 o'clock.I also get up late, often at 8 o'clock.I heard from Ye that at night I would sit on the sofa and read a book until late at night.Ye wrote the handouts, etc., and they all wrote them on the sofa at night. Ye reads very miscellaneous books (mainly around the history of science and technology).For scientific journals, it seems that I never read them systematically, nor do I make cards.Often when you see something, talk to others.It often creates an illusion that Ye knows a lot and is very extensive... When there are guests, Ye often talks about what he has seen recently (for example: when did the sweet potato spread from the Philippines to Fujian? What science and technology did the priests of the Catholic Church bring to the dynasty, the most famous doctor in the Qing Dynasty, who wrote "Qi Min Yao Shu" in what year, what contribution did Shen Kuo make in the military, when did rice planting in the north begin, etc. Wait). Before liberation, I heard him say that he had a very good camera.He also said he could sell it when he ran out of money.I didn't hear him mention it later, and I didn't see him use this camera. There is no radio.I once suggested to him to buy a TV.I said that people can watch TV at home when they are old.He said he wasn't interested, and that it was a bother to entertain others. No watch, he said no need. Watching plays and movies are all entertainment tickets, and I have never bought tickets myself.Generally, if there is an entertainer to watch a play, he will go. About (before) 1956, when he was not yet 60 years old, Ye once said that he thought of retiring at the age of 60, and wanted to visit places of interest and historical sites all over the country.Ye also said that no matter how old you are, your health will deteriorate, and you will not be able to walk even if you want to travel.But when he turned 60, he didn't mention it again. Ye has said many times that he has never been to Huangshan Mountain and wants to go very much.He also said that he hadn't been to Beidaihe for a long time and wanted to go too.I have the impression that Ye often verbally said he would go on a tour, but never actually realized it.Ye sometimes reads some old poems, as if he is interested in discovering materials related to the history of science in old poems. Sometimes I also read some "classics". After being caught this year, he once read Goethe's original works and compared the German version with the English version. He once asked me to try to lend him a Chinese translation of Guo Moruo. I seem to be interested in calligraphy, and I also bought some books about calligraphy. Sometimes I still buy some foreign language magazines and newspapers in foreign language bookstores. Before 1962, I bought "New Era" and "Pravda", etc., but after 1962, I didn't seem to buy them much. Around 1961 and 1963, Ye went to the Shanghai area twice, as a representative of the National People's Congress.According to Ye, he has visited Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station, Hangzhou and other places. Ye's salary is almost used up every month, and he does not save.Ye said that there is no need to save, and there will still be wages after retirement.He said that after he retired, he thought of Hangzhou or Ningbo Tianyi Pavilion to take care of the "Siku Quanshu". He had a leisurely job and could read ancient books every day. My sister Ye Mingqi has lived in Ye Mingxin's home for a long time. Ye Mingxin's home has a large population, and Ye sent 30 yuan a month to subsidize the family (for a while, Ye Mingxin's daughter had a lung disease, and there was an increase of 10 yuan).After my daughter was born, Ye liked her very much. From 1963 onwards, she had to pay 20 yuan a month.Sometimes Ye appointed my daughter to buy some things, such as children's cars, small bicycles, etc. In early 1964, I advised Yeh to save some money.Because I kept persuading him, he said that he should save some money with you every month.From the beginning of 1964 to the beginning of 1967, it started at 25 yuan per month and later changed to 20 yuan. After the beginning of 1967, I did not deposit any more. In 1967 and the beginning of this year, Ye took some, and now I still have 550.35 yuan in my hands (I have already explained to the organization).Ye gave me money, and I locked it in a drawer without depositing it in the bank. Ye Qisun went to the city twice a week to go to work at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, plus Sunday, so that his time at Peking University was relatively reduced.由于工作一分为二，单位有所不同，这之间就产生某种“缝隙”，特别是政治运动的缝隙，尽管这种缝隙窄小而狭浅，很难容得人辗转腾挪，但叶企孙还是很好地利用了这个罅隙，有限度地自由游走于二者之间，竟在北大这样政治风景独好的环境中相安无事了好多年。