Chapter 46 first quarter

After eight years of living in exile, Southwest Associated University has finally become history. In the past 8 years, Ye Qisun has experienced so much confusion, happiness and pain, and now he is leaving it.Facing Kunming's green mountains, green waters, scenery and people, Ye Qisun felt infinite reluctance to say goodbye in his heart. Entrusted by President Mei Yiqi, Ye Qisun is still in charge of transporting Tsinghua's instruments and books.After decades of painstaking efforts, the library of Tsinghua University has a huge collection of books, and there are many kinds of them. "Proceedings of Chinese Academy of Sciences", etc., are very rare scientific and technological documents.For these treasures, Ye Qisun personally organized the transportation when Tsinghua University withdrew to the south.With the Japanese invaders approaching every step of the way and the transportation difficult, Ye Qisun and his colleagues overcame all difficulties, packed four to five hundred boxes of these books, and transported them to Chongqing. in a cave.Even after eight years of war, Tsinghua University has never lost a book.These books have witnessed China's 8-year struggle, and witnessed Tsinghua people's hard work day and night for the revival of the motherland. They are the soul of Tsinghua people!It contains the hopes and hardships of too many Tsinghua people!In order to transport these books back in good condition, Ye Qisun had to do everything by himself and be careful, ranging from formulating the shipping schedule to packing the boxes, and even recording the contents of each box and bag one by one.There was a small worker who was invited to be in charge of consignment. He was very curious to see such a thin-faced old man in gray cloth clothes who came to the site every day to organize the consignment.He quietly asked the person next to him, who is this person?When he learned that it was the famous Ye Qisun, he couldn't help bowing to Ye Qisun again and again.

Finally back to Tsinghua Park. Ye Qisun stood at the gate of Tsinghua University, staring at all the familiar things, and couldn't help feeling overwhelmed.Since he entered Tsinghua University at the age of 13, he was destined to be with Tsinghua University in this life. Eight years ago, when the Anti-Japanese War broke out, the whole school moved southward. Some people pessimistically believed that this would mean "the yellow crane will never return", just like the people of Song Dynasty who moved southward to the West Lake, only remembering the Central Plains in their dreams.But Ye Qisun always firmly believes that one day, he will be able to return to Tsinghua Park. Even in these years in Kunming, he has never left Tsinghua Park in his mind.Today, many times the plot of the dream has finally become a reality.Ye Qisun felt the kindness and warmth of Tsinghua Garden step by step, and felt its unique smell and fragrance.He was a little excited, and his eyes were wet with tears. It has been 8 years, Tsinghua Garden, are you all right?

That's No. 7, North Yard, right? Is it my home?Standing in his old courtyard, Ye Qisun looked at the dilapidated windows and porch, and felt an unspeakable pain in his heart.He dare not open the door, touch the table and chairs in this room, dare not touch the old tree in front of the door, dare not listen to the sound from the wind... That is the scenery that has been sealed in his heart for 8 years, where There is the shadow of student Da Zhen! That was the eternal pain in Ye Qisun's heart! In August 1947, Ye Qisun was elected as the executive chairman of the Chinese Physical Society.Since Wu Youxun was transferred from Tsinghua University to serve as the president of Southeast University, Ye Qisun succeeded Wu Youxun as the dean of the School of Science of Tsinghua University.

In the spring of 1948, Ye Qisun was elected as an academician of Academia Sinica again, but this did not bring him any joy.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the long-awaited peace did not come as expected.Chiang Kai-shek tore up the "October 10th Agreement", and the Chinese people experienced another three long years of civil war.Facing the ever-changing current events like white clouds and dogs, and the people suffering from many disasters, Ye Qisun had no choice but to lock himself on the land of Tsinghua Garden.He identified a dead truth that no matter how a country changes, it always needs talents.

In September 1948, Ye Qisun attended the first academician meeting of the Academia Sinica and was elected as a member of the third Academia Sinica.Shortly after this meeting, the situation took a sharp turn for the worse.Chiang Kai-shek had to make preparations to flee to Taiwan after the general situation was gone.While scrambling to transport mainland China's gold reserves, he also made plans to scramble to transport talents from the mainland and bomb important industrial facilities in the mainland... He wants to leave to China a mainland that is riddled with holes, impoverished, talents withered, and all industries ruined. communist party.In Chiang Kai-shek's list of moving to Taiwan, Ye Qisun was also on the list.

In December 1948, Mei Yiqi asked Ye Qisun about his future. Ye Qisun said that Tsinghua University has always been out of political changes. It has been like this in the past and will continue to maintain this tradition in the future.Whether the Kuomintang goes or not has nothing to do with Tsinghua University.Tsinghua Park should continue to operate according to its own tradition and should not be affected by any political aspects.Ye Qisun rejected the Kuomintang and decided to stay in Tsinghua. On December 14, 1948, Mei Yiqi went to the city to work on school affairs, but was blocked by the Kuomintang in the city. At the same time, several famous scholars such as Chen Yinke were also blocked.The Nanjing government continued to pick up people by plane and asked them to fly to the south.This sudden incident caught Mei Yiqi off guard. As a member of the Kuomintang, although he had thought about leaving Tsinghua University, he did not expect it to be so soon, and there were still many affairs in Tsinghua University that he had not had time to deal with.But the sudden change was no longer enough for him to think about it. In this way, Mei Yiqi left Peiping on the last flight, and then went from Nanjing to Shanghai via Shanghai to Hong Kong and then to Geneva, and never returned to the mainland.Chen Yinke also refused to return to Peiping on the grounds of "greedy for the warmth of Guangzhou".Wu Mi also left Tsinghua University.The departure of his friend made Ye Qisun extremely sad.

Mei Yiqi's departure is a loss for the entire Tsinghua University.Ye Qisun believed that this must not be what Mei Yiqi wanted. He knew Mr. Mei, and Mr. Mei devoted his whole life to Tsinghua University. In 1941, when Mr. Mei took office for 10 years and Tsinghua University was founded for 30 years, at the celebration meeting held in Kunming, an American university sent a congratulatory message "30 years in China, 1000 years in Western soil". The best proof.Mr. Mei dedicated his whole life to Tsinghua, and integrated his flesh and blood into the land of Tsinghua. How could he give up his flesh and blood and walk away easily?

At this time, the sound of guns and artillery from the besieging troops of the People's Liberation Army could be clearly heard in Tsinghua University. In the spring of 1949, General Fu Zuoyi declared an uprising in order to protect Beiping, a famous historical and cultural city, under the situation of the People's Liberation Army.As the news spread, there was the sound of students reading in Tsinghua Garden.Because of Mei Yiqi's departure, the eyes of Tsinghua scholars gathered on Ye Qisun one after another, like a flock of disordered geese, eagerly hoping that Ye Qisun could give them direction. In May 1949, under the unanimous support of Tsinghua scholars, Ye Qisun was appointed as the chairman of the school affairs committee of Tsinghua University (at that time, the presidents of several universities in Beijing were changed to chairman), to perform the duties of the president, and to preside over the school affairs of Tsinghua University during the founding of New China .

The impact of Ye Qisun's appointment at this time on the national university community cannot be underestimated.At that time, the Kuomintang was urging the universities in the south of the Yangtze River to relocate. All the colleges and universities were in a state of panic, with no navigation mark and no direction. Normal order was restored after May, so that China's university education did not suffer much loss. In September, Ye Qisun, as a representative of the education sector, participated in the first Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and was elected as a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

When everyone was reviving to welcome the new China, Ye Qisun heard the news that broke his heart. Mr. Sa Bendong, the president of Xiamen University, unfortunately passed away in the United States! Mr. Sa died, sleeping in a foreign land forever with his nostalgia for the motherland and regret for China's nuclear physics research.For a while, rumors arose, one said that Sa Bendong worshiped foreigners and came to the United States not to give lectures but to avoid chaos, and the other said that Sa Bendong speculated and joined the Kuomintang... Ye Qisun expressed great anger at these slanderous words.Having neglected to write for a long time, he resolutely published an "A Brief Story of Mr. Sa Bendong" in the "Journal of Physics" on July 27, 1950, and spoke highly of Sa Bendong's life.He wrote in the article: "His death has caused the Chinese physics and electrical engineering circles to lose an important research worker, China's academic institutions have lost a competent and hard-working administrative worker, and Chinese college students have lost A good professor in mathematics, science and engineering. We can see that his life's work has always been to contribute his best. Although his life span is less than 47 years old, he has indeed done a lot of career and research work."

After the article was published, it aroused huge repercussions in the society.Because at that time the hurricane of "thought remolding" had already blown in society.It takes a lot of courage to write an article for a person who once worked for the Nanjing Kuomintang government and died in a foreign country.Many people think that Ye Qisun is ignorant of current affairs, and it is not worthwhile to justify the name of a dead person.But Ye Qisun disagreed. He believed that people should not forget a person as long as he benefited the country and saved the country through science and education during his lifetime, let alone pour dirty water on him for no reason because of political needs. This is unfair. On June 23, 1950, at the Second Session of the First CPPCC, Chairman Mao Zedong issued the slogan that intellectuals on the cultural and educational front should carry out self-education and self-reform movements. The movement kicked off. The campaign was first initiated at Beijing Normal University by Peking University President Ma Yinchu.As the key universities in the country, Peking University and Tsinghua University certainly cannot lag behind. They also launched a transformation campaign of listening to reports, studying documents, and contacting their own thoughts and school conditions to carry out criticism and self-criticism, in order to achieve the purpose of reforming thinking and reforming higher education. On September 29, 1951, at the invitation of Peking University President Ma Yinchu, Premier Zhou Enlai gave a report on the reform of intellectuals at Peking University, which intensified the intensity of this hurricane.Ye Qisun, as the person in charge of Tsinghua University, also rushed to Peking University to listen to the prime minister's report. Premier Zhou's report aroused strong repercussions in universities in the capital.In order to learn the spirit of Premier Zhou’s instructions, colleges and universities in the capital established the Beijing-Tianjin Higher Education Learning Committee, referred to as the “General Learning Committee”, with the then Minister of Education Ma Xulun as the chairman, and the committee members include Ma Yinchu, President of Peking University, and the School Affairs Committee of Tsinghua University. Chairman Ye Qisun, Yenching University President Lu Zhiwei, etc. On December 15, 1951, the Central Ministry of Education issued a notice to colleges and universities across the country, introducing the learning situation and initial experience of teachers in colleges and universities in Beijing and Tianjin and promoting it to the whole country. As a result, a vigorous ideological remolding movement quickly spread across the country with the momentum of a prairie fire. At the end of 1951, Tsinghua University and Peking University issued a notice: the final exam of this semester was suspended, and students cooperated with teachers to carry out ideological reform campaigns and "three evils" campaigns. This is the first "gift" prepared by New China for intellectuals.Under the huge social tide, even ordinary students and workers understand the meaning of it, but as a "social celebrity", Ye Qisun maintains his childlike innocence.His outspokenness to Sa Bendong is an example.He is the No. 1 person in Tsinghua University and has the opportunity to express his thoughts, so he said: "University education and scientific research must be 'freedom and democracy'", "I agree with communism, but what I hate the most is that many materials are not available to people." Look", "War will never be eliminated. After the imperialism is eliminated, the Communist Party will fight again. Yugoslavia is an example."He also criticized Feng Youlan's "American fascism" as too much... Such a "ignorant of current affairs" chairman of the school committee, who is not to be criticized? On January 16, 1952, Ye Qisun made his first review at the school-wide cadre meeting. He briefly talked about his work: "There are very few office hours, only half past one to half past two every day." I have never been interested in economics, and I spent very little time on political studies after liberation, so my level is not high, and I don’t do enough ideological leadership.” This is indeed what Ye Qisun said from the bottom of his heart. Naively, he thought this was a review, the so-called Thought remolding, he also fantasized about going back to do some of his physics experiments after reading the review.But he did not expect that at this time, it seemed that the entire Tsinghua University had a deeper understanding of the movement than him, the chairman of the school committee, and a deeper understanding of the spirit of the movement than him.Teachers from the School of Engineering criticized him for "overpowering engineering with theory", Professor Zhang Zigao of the Department of Chemistry criticized him for being "sluggish to new things", and Zhang Xifu of the Department of Geology criticized him for being "too unenthusiastic about politics and watching from the sidelines". Even his good friends Chen Daisun, Zhang Xiruo also criticized him, "It is too irrelevant to talk about interests today. Every year, graduates are allocated uniformly, but you still talk about personal interests. In the future, you should no longer think that the government is the government, and the school is the school. The two have nothing to do with each other."In the end, Zhang Xianzhou put it to the point: "Ye Qisun should ask the Ministry of Education for punishment!" Many people also thought that Ye Qisun's review was too empty and did not come from the heart, so he could not pass.The masses also spoke freely, expressing their dissatisfaction with his review, which caused the cadre meeting to continue until one o'clock in the middle of the night. Ye Qisun was not mentally prepared for this kind of result. He did not expect that his image in the minds of Tsinghua people would be like this.He is in favor of socialism, but he cannot understand the essence of this movement; he agrees that everyone should correct their thinking, but he is suspicious of this stormy criticism.He originally only hoped that everyone would raise their opinions to each other in this movement, and if they made progress, they would pass the test, but he didn't think that the most fundamental purpose of this movement was to make intellectuals reborn.Ye Qisun was a little confused.Is it impossible to enter socialism without changing this body?Is it a sin to insist on the belief of saving the country through science in the past?Ye Qisun is like a small boat that has suddenly lost power, struggling, turning, and adjusting on the stormy sea, trying to recognize the direction and row to the coast.But the storm had come, and the boat leaped onto the crest, only to be pushed forward by an irresistible force. Because of Ye Qisun's "serious problems", the school party committee suggested that he should criticize himself more, ask his old friends for advice, and prepare for a second review.For this reason, Ye Qisun specially found his good friend Chen Daisun, and spent a whole morning writing a self-criticism for himself. On January 22, 1952, Ye Qisun made another review at the meeting of teachers and students of the whole school.In this review, according to the outline written by Chen Daisun, he put forward 9 mistakes, 4 ideological roots and 3 corrections for himself.This time he made this review with the spirit of academic research, from the root cause to the phenomenon to the solution, closely linked step by step, with profound content and sincere words.In his review, he said that he was "divorced from the masses and politics", "did not do well in investigation, inspection and review work", "undemocratic, engaged in egotism, and felt that Tsinghua should maintain its 'tradition' when adjusting departments. In the form of a comprehensive university, a set of plans for adjusting Tsinghua’s departments was subjectively created, without considering the impact of this plan on universities across the country, and it also affected the establishment of some additional departments” and so on.After the meeting, the masses reflected that this review was better than the previous one, but it was still not profound, and asked Ye Qisun to dig deep into the filth and filth in the depths of his thoughts.Many people pointed out that Ye Qisun "runs Tsinghua from a bourgeois point of view", "he is continuing Mei Yiqi's tradition", "Peking University President Ma has made great progress since he took office, why don't we have a good leader? Some professors also criticized Ye Qisun for "not actively participating in political activities, not going to land reform, and also promoting the theory of genius education", etc., and asked Ye Qisun to conduct a third review.Some people simply raised questions such as "should such backward-minded people stay?"However, this question was immediately opposed. Everyone believed that Ye Qisun was a veteran of the physics field, with high academic standards and many outstanding students, and physics was far away from social science. If you can help him well, you can still use it, especially in some old He also had a certain influence on the moral views of scientists and professors.Also, his extensive knowledge of physics (and natural science in general) would have been useful.As long as everyone helps him, touches his spirit, and cleanses his soul, he can still find a new way of life. On January 24, 1952, Ye Qisun made the third review.Ye Qisun said sincerely: "I have seen clearly that criticism and self-criticism are the weapons to correct my mistakes. From now on, I must reform myself well...stand firmly on the people's side..." until everyone applauded enthusiastically to express their satisfaction.The movement seems to have served its purpose.During the discussion, the Department of Psychology pointed out that "we should follow the example of Mr. Ye when we offer opinions to each other in the future", and believed that "Tsinghua University rarely sees such a democratic atmosphere."Yang Zhouhan from the Department of Foreign Languages ​​said: "The criticism of Ye Qisun and Zhou Peiyuan moved me. This kind of democracy is unimaginable in foreign countries." In the report on Ye Qisun's situation, there is a paragraph: "He (referring to Ye Qisun) has lost his prestige in Tsinghua University. Therefore, he will no longer use mass meetings to criticize him. He intends to find some people to help him. If there is nothing To change, just drag your tail through the test, and then patiently give education in the long run." "It is not easy for Ye Qisun to review in this way, and he should be allowed to pass the test." ("Peking University and Tsinghua", National School of Administration Press, 1998 Annual Edition, pp. 489-490) In April 1951, Ye Qisun once again shamed the teachers and students of the school for his political slowness.It was at the meeting to receive the Panchen Lama Erdeni in the auditorium. In his speech, Ye Qisun actually said a lot of "shouldn't say things" in front of all the teachers, students and many senior officials.These ill-timed words are a far cry from his leadership.The next day, some students in the physics department wrote their opinions on his speech and handed them to him. Ye Qisun read it and apologized to everyone in class. He humbly said to the students: "I agree with your opinions. Thank you!" However, since that meeting, Ye Qisun's name could no longer be found in the list of the lieutenant colonel's administrative leaders in major political activities, but Mr. Zhou Peiyuan, the deputy chairman, appeared.