Chapter 42 first quarter

In 1941, Ye Qisun was appointed as the director-general of the Academia Sinica. In terms of its system, the Academia Sinica is very similar to our current Chinese Academy of Sciences.The director-general is the second in command under the dean.The dean is held by important government officials and does not actually participate in the management of daily affairs. The normal operation is entirely under the command and dispatch of the director-general. Cai Yuanpei served as the first president of the Academia Sinica, and Yang Xingfo, who was the secretary-general of Mr. Sun Yat-sen, served as the first director-general. Cai Yuanpei passed away in 1938. According to the charter drawn up by Academia Sinica, Zhu Jiahua was selected by Chiang Kai-shek as the second president of Academia Sinica. In the summer of 1940, when Mei Yiqi, the president of Tsinghua University, went to Chongqing on business, Zhu Jiahua expressed to him the idea of ​​asking Ye Qisun to be the post of director-general, but Mei Yiqi did not get Dean Mei's consent.At that time, Mei's answer was "Yes, yes, but Tsinghua's career cannot be separated from Ye. It is best not to completely separate from Tsinghua and take care of both sides." On September 29, 1940, Zhu Jiahua sent a letter to Mei Yiqi, asking him again to agree to his request.Zhu believes that the post of Director-General is responsible for the revitalization of the country's science, which is no small matter, and only those with academic authority and who can contribute to the country can take up the post.At the same time, the position requires extraordinary organizational skills and good interpersonal skills.At that time, for this position, various schools refused to give in to each other, and each faction was evenly matched, and the competition was very lively.But Zhu Jiahua is only optimistic about Ye Qisun.Because in terms of academic achievements, Ye Qisun is a scientist with outstanding achievements. In terms of character, Ye Qisun is an upright person, respects talents, has no affiliation, and is open-minded. Of course, he is the best candidate.

But Tsinghua University really cannot do without Ye Qisun, especially the affairs of the Institute of Special Enterprises, all rely on Ye Qisun to take care of it.Mei Yiqi was very embarrassed. He had repeatedly discussed the matter with Ye, but in the end, because the institute had too many affairs and Ye couldn't get away, he kept procrastinating.Until June 1941, Zhu Jiahua wrote to Mei Yiqi again, expressing his willingness to "concession". The full text of this letter is as follows: At the same time, Zhu Jiahua also sent a letter to Ye Qisun asking him to be the director-general of the Academia Sinica. Out of responsibility for Tsinghua, Ye had discussed with Mei Yiqi. After careful consideration, Mei finally decided to temporarily allow Ye Qisun to serve as the director-general of the Academia Sinica. In his letter to Ye Qisun, he wrote:

Going to the Academia Sinica with one step was a heavy loss for Tsinghua University, and Zai Qi felt particularly sad about it personally. But for the sake of the development of an important academic institution in China, he should not be stingy, so he had to allow you to ask for leave and temporarily take up his position in the academy. Research Institute affairs, the planning and adjustment of the past three years, the work has been carried out smoothly, so in the future, you must continue to take charge of it. This is not only the hope of the colleagues of this school. I hope that the Academia Sinica will cooperate in the research work on the basis of the principle of mutual assistance. In terms of point of view, I must also agree with it.As for the affairs of the research institute, except for those of a normal nature, another agency is required. Issues such as work plans, reports, and budgets of the institute should be compiled, reviewed and approved as much as possible when the director comes to Kunming for the affairs of the institute. This school is of great benefit.But I can't help but work too hard.And those who love the school like a king must not be stubborn.

When Ye Qisun received this letter, he did not feel relieved because President Mei agreed to take him as the director-general. For him, leaving Tsinghua itself was not a happy thing. The experience of sharing weal and woe made him have too much affection and concern for this school, and he was reluctant to part with it.However, the lofty ideals and beliefs of an educator forced him to make a choice, because the director-general of the research institute is committed to the cause of science in the country. What can't let go of the little feelings and nostalgia? In mid-September, when the sweet osmanthus was fragrant, Ye Qisun took office. He went to Chongqing with the desire to revitalize China's scientific cause, and he also went to Chongqing with enthusiasm and sincerity.

Zhu Jiahua greeted Ye Qisun at the "Old Sichuan Restaurant" in the prosperous area of ​​Chongqing.Accompanying him were Fu Sinian and other government officials and celebrities from all walks of life.Zhu Jiahua enthusiastically introduced Ye Qisun to everyone, with a good sense of proportion.He said that he and Mr. Ye went to study in the United States on the same ship, and he was deeply impressed by him at that time. Even though he was traveling at sea, Brother Qi Sun still reviewed his lessons regularly every day.I was in the next bed with him, seeing him so cautious and thoughtful, I thought that this person would definitely do something in the future, and sure enough, I learned of Brother Ye's success after a few years.Brother Qisun now has two jobs in one person. He is a scientist and an educator.

Fu Sinian, director of the Institute of Historical and Linguistics, recited a poem by Tao Yuanming on the spot to add to the fun: Planting mulberry along the Yangtze River is expected to be harvested in three years. The branches are about to flourish, but suddenly the mountains and rivers change. Ke Ye breaks itself, and its roots float in the sea. Spring silkworms have no food, so whoever wants to wear cold clothes! I didn't plant the plateau, so why regret it today... Fu Sinian's Shandong accent adds to the drama.Many years ago, they were planted together, but after these years, they feel like strangers.Ye Qisun's Chinese background is no worse than Zhu Jiahua's and Fu Sinian's. He can hear a lot of overtones, but the meaning of each layer is quite vague, like a mountain city in the clouds, shadowy and indistinct.

Maybe it's a little sentimental, thinking of the Southwest Associated University in Kunming, thinking of those colleagues who couldn't eat enough.The wives of Mei Yiqi, Pan Guangdan, and Yuan Fuli have set up food stalls on the street, relying on the small change they earn to support their families. They make a kind of dessert called "Dingsheng Cake", which is shaped like a gold ingot. Pink, Pan Guangdan's wife grinds rice noodles in the countryside, cooks red bean paste, adds cornstarch, and makes cakes by Mrs. Mei Yiqi and Mrs. Yuan Fuli. First, they are sent to food stores for consignment, and finally they simply set up food stalls on the street.Under their leadership, many wives of professors set up street stalls to sell various daily necessities and use the money they earned to make ends meet.

Perhaps it is because of the many difficulties faced by scholars in China.It cannot be said that everyone is not patriotic, hardworking, and incompetent, but why is China still so poor and weak, bullied by outsiders, driven away like hogs and chickens, step by step to such a field? Seeing that everyone was distracted, Zhu Jiahua immediately came out to joke, saying, do you know why brother Meng Zhen thought of Tao Yuanming's "Imitating Ancient" poem?Just because he just came over from Chaotianmen Wharf before going to the banquet, there were 3 people with him, and Mr. Li Ji came up first. It is easy to lift Li Ji to the sliding pole.The rest of the slider workers said that they would never meet such a fat old man again, right?Unexpectedly, the second one to come out was Qiu Shanyuan, who was fatter than Li Ji, and the rest of the skaters complained and pushed for a long time before carrying the second fat man onto the pier.In the end, there were only two slider workers left. Seeing the two fat men being carried away one after another, they felt a little overjoyed, saying that they would never meet anyone fatter than the two of them anyway.When our brother Meng Zhen came out of the cabin, the two workers ran away as soon as they put down the slider... because brother Meng Zhen is fatter than both of them!Because no one carried Brother Meng Zhen, he walked to the hotel by himself, so he was a little unhappy.From this, he thought, if there were mulberry trees beside the Yangtze River, it would be great to make sliding poles...

As soon as this remark came out, the whole room burst into laughter, and the atmosphere immediately improved. Ye Qisun bowed his hands to thank him, saying that Qisun was not talented, and that he was loved by Dean Zhu and brother Meng Zhen, and Qisun was terrified. I am stupid. Apart from hard work, I still hope that you can give me advice, and everyone can work together to run the research institute well. ... Ye Qisun's mouth is clumsy, compared to the eloquent Fu Sinian and Zhu Jiahua who is well-versed in all kinds of situations, he spends more time in silence. Even if he said some polite words on the scene, he would only say a few words, and then he would grow out Take a breath, and then remain silent there.

He likes to drink a little beer on weekdays, but he doesn't drink much.But the wine I drank tonight was Shaoxing rice wine brought by Zhu Jiahua, which was said to have been placed for many years.Zhu Jiahua said it was Mr. Cai Zimin's wine.Mr. Cai loves wine, and he must drink with every meal. Shaoxing people call it "adding rice wine". The Academia Sinica moved to Chongqing from the mainland. He went west.Zhu Jiahua said that he was the one who drafted the government's Commendation Order when the husband died in public. At that time, he hadn't thought that he would be the successor of the old dean after he passed away.Today, I used the aged wine from Mr.'s hometown to entertain colleagues in the Institute. I hope that you will remember the old dean's last words of "saving the country with science", fulfill your duties and serve the country.Ye Qisun remembered the last time he met Mr. Yuan Pei during his stay in Hong Kong. At that time, he had a sick face, and he dragged his sick body to help rescue Xiong Dazhen. It was really touching.There is also Mr. Zhu Jiahua, who has met since he went to the United States on the Nanjing, and has not had much contact with each other, but he has frequently helped in the Xiong Dazhen incident, and he is also quite moved.He himself did not have much enthusiasm for the post of director-general, but Mrs. Zhu ignored the pressure and waited for the position, and introduced himself as the best candidate.But more factors are to realize his great wish of "saving the country through science", which is the fundamental reason for taking office.A lot of sentiments came one after another, Ye Qisun didn't feel that he drank too much with Cai Gong's leftover wine, until the end of the banquet, he didn't say anything, just looked at everyone and smiled.Anyone who is familiar with Mr. Ye knows that this is his signature expression of drinking too much.

After Ye Qisun took office, he began to exert influence on Academia Sinica with his enthusiasm for serving the country and the rational and rigorous style of scientists.Academia Sinica is located in downtown Chongqing, while its affiliated research institutes are located in suburban counties, and some are even hundreds of kilometers away from Chongqing.The only request Ye Qisun made to Zhu Jiahua was that he did not want to report to the heavily guarded government courtyard (because Zhu Jiahua was still the head of the KMT’s Organization Department), but asked Zhu Jiahua to go to the research institute regularly to give instructions.Ye Qisun did everything by himself, and went directly to various research institutes, which is very similar to what we call "lower grassroots" today.During his tenure as Director-General, he spent more time at the grassroots level.In less than a year, the Academia Sinica has made considerable progress in improving the organization, straightening out the relationship, investing in funds, adjusting the direction of scientific research, and focusing on supporting new scientific research talents. When Ye Qisun was in charge of scientific research at the Academia Sinica, his working ideas were "all for the war of resistance" and "scientific research serves the war of resistance".The research of weapons and ammunition that directly affects the killing of the enemy in the War of Resistance is the direction of his special focus.Most of the researchers at the Institute of Ballistics in the suburbs of Chongqing are his students, and he often lives here for many days. Strictly speaking, military ballistics belongs to the category of classical physics, and perhaps it is a professional relationship. Ye Qisun paid attention to this basic discipline in the field of national defense very early on. In 1930, during his advanced studies in Germany, Ye Qisun learned about the development of ordnance ballistics in Europe, especially Germany, and suggested that the national government should not only send personnel abroad to learn how to use guns, but also learn and introduce the art of ordnance ballistics. science.For example, he said that it is well known that the Chinese invented gunpowder and firearms, and gunpowder and firearms were used in wars before the Song Dynasty, but most of them were iron sand shotguns, and there was no in-depth study on the firing mechanism and targeting technology.The European Euler wrote "Thoughts on the Shooting Experiment not long ago" after the First World War, which opened the prelude to modern ordnance ballistics.For this reason, Ye Qisun recommended a candidate who went to Germany to study ordnance ballistics, and this was Ge Tingsui.Later, because Ge was deemed by the government to be radical in his thoughts during the student movement, he did not make the trip. In 1933, Ye Qisun specially set aside two places for military engineering when he was selected to send public-funded students studying in the United States, one to study gun manufacturing and the other to study ballistics. The latter was admitted by Xiong Luanzhu, a fifth-level graduate of the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University.In view of Ye Qisun's suggestion, the national government set up a ballistic research institute in the Nanjing Ordnance Administration in 1936, purchased a set of equipment, invited a ballistic expert from Sweden, and selected 8 students from Tsinghua University, Jiaotong University, Zhejiang University and other universities to study it. The training took place at the Tangshan Pao School of the Kuomintang.Later, half of the eight candidates left one after another, leaving only Yang Zhenbang and Chen Yalun selected by Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University and Jiaotong University each.Xiong Luanzhu, who studied in Germany, came to join as China's first military ballistics expert after the July 7th Incident. Wang Daheng was also assigned here later, which made the proportion of Tsinghua University students in the research institute reach more than 2/3. When Yang Zhenbang started ballistic research, he felt uneasy.He thinks that this profession is an art of killing, and he does not release his guns every day, which is far from his kind disposition.He sent his distressed letters to Ye Qisun and Mr. Wu Youxun.Master Ye gave him good advice and made a special trip to contact him with another job.Ye Shi never imposes on others, although he believes that ordnance ballistics is indispensable to the country.Yang Zhenbang was later reprimanded by his brother: "You shouted anti-Japanese at school, but now that the war is coming, you have to retreat. You should obey the teacher's arrangement and serve the country with what you have learned!" The persuasion of relatives and friends shocked Yang Zhenbang a lot.Once he saw the role of ballistics in actual combat with his own eyes, and he settled down from then on. On August 14, 1937, Japanese planes bombed Nanjing for the first time. Japanese bombers flew out of the clouds, skimmed the urban area, and swooped down to drop bombs on the airport.The anti-aircraft guns near the airport fired fiercely at the enemy planes, and a string of shells exploded in the leaden cloud. Every five shells, a tracer bullet would appear to correct the trajectory of the firing.After a while, fighter jets of the Chinese Air Force flew over from the clouds and bit the enemy plane, and tracer bullets appeared at intervals in the machine guns they fired.These tracer rounds are a live demonstration of the direct effect of ballistics on warfare.According to ballistics, on the battlefield, even if the aiming equipment is well adjusted and the user has rich shooting experience, there is still no guarantee that every shot will hit every shot, because the combat environment varies greatly, and the wind and air humidity will affect the accuracy of the bullet.The use of tracer ammunition is the most effective means of making up for the errors caused by correcting the specific combat environment. Users can clearly see the ballistic errors of shooting and correct them in time.The Chinese Air Force used this method to beat the Japanese Air Force with a score of 6:0 in the "August 14th" Hangzhou Air Battle.It can be seen that the importance of ballistics to combat effectiveness.The teacher's teaching, the entrustment of relatives and friends, and these personal experiences deeply touched Yang Zhenbang. Since then, he has settled down in the research of military ballistics. According to Yang Zhenbang's recollection, he often corresponded with Mr. Ye Qisun and Mr. Wu Youxun during his days at the Ordnance Ballistic Research Institute.If he finds problems or encounters difficulties, he often writes to the gentlemen for advice, and the gentlemen also regard this place as another experimental base and correspondence school of Tsinghua University.Yang Zhenbang said: "In 1940, I encountered difficulties in the analysis of the problem of ballistics in one bore. I wrote to Master Ye for advice. Master Ye wrote back to point out the mistakes and analyze them. This letter was kept in my file and traveled all over the world with me. After half a century , as precious. Two years ago, I sent a photocopy to the Master Ye Memorial Meeting..." After the Ordnance Industry Ballistic Research Institute moved to Chongqing, Wang Daheng also joined the ranks, which greatly strengthened the research force.Tsinghua students have been able to take charge of their own affairs and become the main force of the institute.Once, Yang Zhenbang independently completed an important experiment. When the report was submitted to the Ordnance Administration, his superiors questioned him because the experimental results were much higher than expected.Even if Yang Zhenbang explained it face to face, he could not clear up his doubts.Finally, Yang Zhenbang invited Fang Junkui and Shen Hongtao, fresh graduates from the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University, to assist in the calculation, verified it with the theoretical formulas of Sweden, Italy and Germany, and compared it with the experimental results, which proved that the experimental results were completely correct. Unanimous praise. Fang Junkui also designed a mortar with strong stability and high hit rate, which dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese army in Hangzhou.Later, he and his classmates joined the military ballistics business of New China. During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, he presided over the design of anti-tank rockets. The interview and the Ministry of Defense's circular commendation. From Lu Zaide, another ordnance expert who engaged in the research of our army's ballistics and made outstanding contributions, we can see the deep influence of Ye Qisun on his growth. Lu Zaide's father had aspired to be admitted to Tsinghua University in his early years, but failed due to various reasons.He left this wish to his two sons.In order to show his aspirations, he named his two sons after the school motto of Tsinghua University, "Self-improvement, Virtue and Virtue", one is called "Zai Hou" and the other is called "Zai De".Later, the two sons were both admitted to Tsinghua University. Lu Zaide had a leg amputated due to illness when he was a teenager.When he was in middle school, the teacher who taught him physics was named Yang Fengting.Yang Nai, a third-level graduate of the Physics Department of Tsinghua University, was recommended by Mr. Ye Qisun to Shanghai Middle School.Ye Qisun has always attached importance to basic education, not blindly pursuing high-end education.He thought that Yang Fengting had a gentle personality, so he strongly recommended him.Yang Fengting obeyed his teacher's order carefully. After arriving at Shanghai Middle School, he devoted himself to teaching and quickly won the respect of teachers and students.It was from this teacher that Lu Zaide learned the names of masters such as Ye Qisun and Wu Youxun.If Lu Zaide's father pointed out a goal for his son, Yang Fengting was the one who directly led him into Tsinghua University.Encouraged by Yang Fengting's education, Lu Zaide walked through thousands of mountains and rivers with one leg, and finally knocked on the door of the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University, and met the legendary Ye Qisun: "What is Mr. Ye Qisun like? I really want to see him At that time, he was not only the dean of the Faculty of Science, but also the head of the administration of Tsinghua University. One day in front of the Science Museum, he saw an old man in a robe, of middle height, in his fifties, walking towards the Science Museum. Come on, because I heard someone describe Mr. Ye's appearance before, and besides Mr. Ye, no one in the department wore robes at that time, so I recognized Mr. Ye at a glance. His simple attire was kind and dignified. His face shows that he is a very enterprising person. It is said that he has never married, and has devoted all his energy to science, education and patriotic causes." (Lu Zaide "Recalling Mr. Ye Qisun", see "A Generation of Teachers Ye Qisun", p. 206) Lu Zaide has always cherished the photo with Mr. Ye Qisun after graduation.That was the only group photo of the whole class with Ye Shi on the eve of his graduation.Mr. Ye stood among the students, still wearing a long robe, with calm and peaceful eyes.At this time, Mr. Ye had been demoted from the head of Tsinghua University to an ordinary professor in the Department of Physics of Peking University, but he showed no resentment, and the wind and rain of history seemed to have never left a mark on him.This kind of calm concentration and long-lasting stamina is not very human.It's just an ordinary group photo, but here in Lu Zaide, what he found is a role model for lifelong learning.Lu Zaide also embarked on the road of ballistic research in military industry. He dragged his mutilated limbs and silently clung to this feeling in his heart. For decades, he made great contributions to ballistics and was rated as the leader of the whole army many times. A national model worker, known as the "one-legged general" by the commanders and fighters. Undoubtedly, new China's ordnance industry and ballistics industry is developed on the basis of the old China's ordnance industry and ballistics research institute.From Lu Zaide to Fang Junkui, and then to Wang Daheng, Chen Yalun and Yang Zhenbang, this new force composed of Tsinghua students has been relaying from generation to generation, growing like an ivy.But those who are familiar with its growth history and environment know that its tenacious and vigorous vitality has benefited from the cultivation of a senior scientist, and this person is Ye Qisun.