Chapter 41 third quarter

The Story of Ye Qisun and Zhao Jiuzhang People who are also familiar with Ye Qisun and Zhao Jiuzhang will have a feeling that among the many disciples of Ye Qisun, the person who has the most similar temperament to him probably recommends Zhao Jiuzhang publicly.This likeness includes their fate. During the "Cultural Revolution", Zhao Jiuzhang died before his teacher, and his bones did not survive.His tragic death has greatly stimulated Ye Qisun in his later years. He pursued the belief of "rather being abandoned than giving up" all his life, and the death of Zhao Jiuzhang was the only major event that affected his belief.

Zhao Jiuzhang, born in Wuxing County, Zhejiang Province, was born in Kaifeng, Henan Province in 1907. He is a fifth-level graduate of the Physics Department of Tsinghua University.After Zhao Jiuzhang entered the Department of Physics, he was highly appreciated by Ye Qisun. He often praised Zhao Jiuzhang's erudite talents in front of his students: he is not only proficient in Chinese medicine, but also good at calligraphy. Among many students, he is a rare leadership talent. In 1934, Tsinghua’s publicly funded students studying in the United States recruited nationwide.Zhao Jiuzhang and his classmate Wang Zhuxi are eager to try.Ye Qisun is in charge of setting up the specialization direction for overseas students.This year, he unexpectedly reduced the number of places for majoring in physics, and added a new subject - high-altitude meteorology.

"The Tsinghua Examination for Publicly-Funded Students Studying in the United States was originally one of the special research projects of the school." These are the words of Mr. Mei Yiqi.It is for this reason that Ye Qisun, the chairman of the Special Research Committee, can speak his mind when he recruits public-funded students studying in the United States.Especially in setting the direction of specialized subjects, Mei Yiqi gave him enough trust. History is so incredible, but it actually happened.At that time, only Tsinghua University was able to represent the country in selecting and sending overseas students, and Ye Qisun actually took the direction of this important matter related to the future of the country and the nation for a long period of time.However, every time Ye Qisun announces the adjudicated profession, it not only convinces the colleagues in the industry, but also wins applause.Even in the scientific and educational circles outside of Tsinghua University, those with bright eyes can't help but admire Ye Qisun's vision.Therefore, the announcement of the disciplines of the overseas students in each session became Ye Qisun's report performance. In the applause of enthusiastic appreciation, people found that behind these wise choices were his foresight and noble character.

From 1933 to 1949, Ye Qisun took the helm of Tsinghua University's study in the United States, almost all of which were carried out in a state of war.Even so, in the past ten years, the excellent rate of selected students studying in the United States is so high that it can be said that there will be no one before or after.We can get a glimpse of it from the following list: Qian Xuesen, Zhang Guangdou, Dai Shiguang, Xia Nai, Wang Zhuxi, Zhao Jiuzhang, Yin Hongzhang, Gong Zutong, Gu Gongxu, Huang Wenxi, Zhang Zongsui, Yang Zunyi, Shen Tong, Wang Minyuan, Wang Tieya, Ma Dayou, Wu Chi, Sun Guanhan, Wang Dexi, Chen Gengtao, Hu Ning, Li Run Sheng, Huang Peiyun, Chen Liangsheng, Zhu Baofu, Ye Xuan, Tu Shoue, Lu Baowei, Liang Zhiming, Meng Qingji, Huang Jiasi, Jiang Mingqian, Zhang Peigang, Wu Baoan, Chen Xinmin, He Bingdi, Li Zhiwei, Li Lusheng, Fan Xingnan, Huang Gao, Wang Jitao, Wu Zhonglun, Wu Zhonghua, Zhong Kailai , Yang Zhenning, Li Zhengdao, Ling Ning, Fang Zhongda, Zhang Bingxi, Guo Xiaogang, Qian Zhongyi, Zhang Xie, Bai Jiazhi, Huang Maoguang, Cao Jianyou, Hong Chaosheng, Shen Shenfu, Zhang Jianhou, Xia Xiang, Wu Zunjue, Zhu Bao, Gao Zhenheng , Chen Guangxu, Wang Moxian, etc.

Most of these talents are national treasures, and their majors are also varied. In addition to physics, there are also chemistry, metallurgy, mining, agriculture, forestry, civil engineering, water conservancy, plants, pharmaceuticals, medicine, ships, agricultural tool manufacturing, fortress engineering, war Automobile manufacturing, politics, economics, literature, sociology, history, business management, etc. Many majors are not familiar to Ye Qisun, or even unfamiliar, but he always has a unique insight. At the critical moment of the country's needs, Lose no time in sending someone to fill in the blanks.

Why does Ye Qisun have such a precise vision and insight into the foresight of the world's scientific development?We may be able to find the answer in the conversations of some scholars: Qian Weichang: "Ye Qisun is absolutely selfless. He does everything for the students, for the Department of Physics, and for the country. He mobilized many physics students to pursue subjects needed by the country after graduation, such as meteorology and geology, such as Zhao Jiuzhang and others. This point It is very prominent, not to engage in physics for the sake of physics, but to engage in physics for the country. Many people do not understand that a country’s scientific undertakings are multifaceted and cannot be carried out by a single major." 437 pages)

Qian Linzhao: "I am not an alumnus of Tsinghua University, nor a student of Mr. Ye. Mr. Ye's concern and training are not limited to Tsinghua University, but to young people across the country, and not only in the field of physics, but also in chemistry, metallurgy and many other scientific fields. Mr. Ye often reads magazines from various countries. Whenever he sees a Chinese name, he has to ask: Which school is this? In 1933, Tsinghua University recruited graduate students studying in the United States. Under his encouragement, I took the exam to stay in the UK the next year. After the exam, he asked me: Someone should take the exam, why didn't he come... Regarding his character, after thinking for a long time, I found out that in "Mencius" It can be described by borrowing a sentence from "Jianghan and Han to wash it, and the autumn sun to expose it, so pure." ("A Generation of Master Ye Qisun", p. 430)

Qian Weichang is Ye Qisun's disciple, but Qian Linzhao is not, but they both shared Ye Qisun's great Chinese complex behind this miracle.He is a person with big feelings, a person with big goals, a person with a pure spirit and a pure heart.Such people always show up at the most critical moment of the country, and then disappear invisibly after completing their missions. their destiny. In addition to patriotism and scientific foresight, there may be another reason for the precise setting of subjects for studying in the United States. Ye Qisun and Weng Wenhao have a very good relationship. Through Weng Wenhao's channel, they can obtain subject options for studying in the United States. This may be another resource for Ye Qisun .

And this time the subject change, the number of places in the physics department was reduced, and the high-altitude meteorology department was added. If we follow it carefully, we can see how Ye Qisun acted as the "hand of God" and planned and managed bleakly on the scientific map of China at that time. Either pick up the leftovers to fill the vacancies, or dispatch troops to complete a task that no one assigned, and achieved the great cause of reserving scientific and technological talents for the People's Republic of China. It is well documented that Ye Qisun was obsessed with celestial bodies and starry sky since he was a child.After he finished his studies and returned to China, he worked briefly at Southeast University.During this time, he got acquainted with Zhu Kezhen, the founder of my country's modern meteorological science, and the two became friends.With Zhu Kezhen, Ye Qisun had a better understanding of meteorological science.

Zhu Kezhen was 8 years older than Ye Qisun, and was born in a rice merchant's family in Dongguan Town, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province on March 7, 1890. In 1910, Zhu Kezhen passed the examination with excellent grades to study in the United States, and traveled across the ocean with Hu Shi, Zhao Yuanren and others to study in the United States on the other side of the ocean.When choosing his major, Zhu Kezhen thought of the vast fields of his hometown Ningshao Plain, of the rice row his father kept running, and of the people’s dry rice sacks, so he chose to study at the Agricultural College of the University of Illinois in the middle of the United States. to learn farming. In the summer of 1913, Zhu Kezhen graduated from the University of Illinois. He chose meteorology, which is closely related to agriculture, as his specialization direction for further studies. In this way, he was admitted to the Department of Earth Sciences of Harvard University to study meteorology.Zhu Kezhen completed his thesis "A New Classification of Far Eastern Typhoons" in 1918 and successfully passed the defense, and obtained a doctorate from Harvard University.

After returning to China, Zhu Kezhen came to Nanjing Higher Normal School to teach in 1920. In 1921, Nanjing Higher Normal School was expanded and renamed as Southeast University. Under his initiative, Southeast University established the first Department of Earth Sciences among Chinese universities, and set up four majors: geography, meteorology, geology, and minerals. Meteorology is also the first meteorological major in Chinese universities. Zhu Kezhen met Ye Qisun in 1924.Before that, Zhu Kezhen always gave Ye Qisun a distant view. When Ye Qisun was still studying at Tsinghua University, Zhu Kezhen had already joined the ranks of Geng students studying in the United States; when Ye Qisun came to Harvard University in the United States, Zhu Kezhen had already graduated and returned to China.But after all, they met at Southeast University in 1924. Because they were both Harvard alumni, their relationship seemed different from the beginning. But it's their inner qualities that really draw the two to each other. On the east side of the campus of Southeast University, another courtyard is built. Because there are several wintersweet trees, it is called Mei'an.Zhu Kezhen set up camp here, and his Meteorological Observatory of the Department of Earth Sciences is located here.The Meteorological Institute purchased the most advanced instruments and equipment in the world at that time, and hired special personnel to take care of them. Zhu Kezhen often guided students to conduct observation training here, analyzed the observation results every week, wrote climate reports, and regularly communicated with other meteorological stations at home and abroad. comminicate.After tea and dinner, this is the place where he meets guests and makes friends. Every time Ye Qisun visits, he usually meets here. There is a saying that birds of a feather flock together, and people are divided into groups.In fact, both Zhu Kezhen and Ye Qisun are introverts who are not good at speaking.It is not easy for two dull people to speak freely together.What caused such two people to develop a lasting friendship?The only answer is the attraction of a common hobby, and that hobby is astronomy. For Zhu Kezhen, he is more professional and professional in astronomy and meteorology.And Ye Qisun is more like a fancier, just like the current Beijing opera fans, although he has not received strict professional training, he can't stop his love. One day, Zhu Kezhen and Ye Qisun talked about a very interesting topic, saying that he had just read an article by a European meteorologist, saying that in the 200 years from the beginning of the 12th century to the beginning of the 14th century, the weather in the European continent was more than that of other centuries. It's going to be cold.This time period is the period from the Southern Song Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty in our country.The area of ​​China at that time was about the same as that of the European continent, and the climate conditions were quite complicated, but what was our climate like at that time? Ye Qisun felt that Zhu Kezhen's question was very valuable, but to conduct research, one must have ancient meteorological data and the observation records of ancient people, but where to find these data? Zhu Kezhen said that even if you search all the large and small libraries and archives in China, it is still difficult to find information about weather changes in the Southern Song Dynasty.Although China was the first country in the world to observe the sky and measure rain, there was a record of the rain gauge being introduced to Korea in the Ming Dynasty. However, due to frequent wars and dynasties, the relevant astronomical and meteorological information has long been lost.If we want to study ancient climate conditions, it may be difficult to find a research path through normal channels. Therefore, we must find another way and find a new way out.Ye Qisun said that Lu Fangweng had a poem saying: "Iron horses and ice rivers fall into dreams."A southerner should not have a deep understanding of ice and snow, but why there are so many ice and snow in his poems, is it also related to the climate at that time, maybe the winter in Shaoxing was very cold at that time?Zhu Kezhen said that Lu You is also from Shaoxing, but he is also from Shaoxing. Because of the different ages, he may have different understanding of the climate.These recognitions and feelings can only be traced with the surviving poems.Then, Zhu Kezhen said, I have found a new path, which is to find historical materials about astronomy and meteorology from the Twenty-Four Histories.Hearing what Zhu Kezhen said, Ye Qisun suddenly felt enlightened.The Twenty-Four Histories are voluminous, covering political, military, economic, cultural and other historical materials from the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States to the Ming Dynasty. Not only that, but also miscellaneous notes on the six arts of agriculture and forestry, iron casting, astronomy and meteorology, etc.With such a clue, the wise man can use it as a basis to catch the white horse that jumped over the river of time and make it appear vividly in front of people. Ye Qisun witnessed the whole process of Zhu Kezhen conquering the white horse.Zhu Kezhen found records related to astronomy and meteorology, but these seemed too abstract. There were no plane records without temperature and scales, and the complete historical space could not be restored.It is necessary to find a temperature coordinate and let it stand there, like a buoy at sea, and all ships pay tribute to it.He finally found this temperature, which is the weather for snowfall.Snowfall is a sign of cold.The earlier the snow falls, the earlier it will be cold; the longer it is cold, the later the last snow will fall.In this way, the temperature of that period can be inferred from the number of snowfall times and the time of snowfall.Zhu Kezhen consulted and recorded all the records about snowfall in all dynasties of the twenty-four histories. He found that the Song Dynasty had so many snowy winters, and the long winter helped the fierce nation in the north.After Jin Bing entered the Central Plains, during the more than two hundred years from the Southern Song Dynasty to the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the winter was colder and the snowfall was the most frequent. During the 133 years from 1131 to 1264, there were as many as 41 snowfalls in Hangzhou alone in spring.Through the comparative study of these materials, it is proved that the Southern Song Dynasty was indeed colder than Tang, Ming, Qing and modern times. After Ye Qisun witnessed Zhu Kezhen's "white horse with empty gloves" in Mei'an, he admired Zhu Kezhen's quick thinking and scientific spirit. Zhu Kezhen also got a lot of inspiration from Ye Qisun. When they often deduced the weather records in ancient books , Because of Ye Qisun's mathematical foundation, he often has amazing ingenuity and meticulous logical considerations.Therefore, they are closer than ordinary alumni. This kind of close friendship has never been interrupted even after the two separated. Introducing Zhao Jiuzhang into the field of high-altitude meteorology is actually Ye Qisun's follow-up thinking after being inspired by Zhu Kezhen.The original intention of Zhu Kezhen to study meteorology was very clear, which was to make meteorology serve agriculture and solve the problem of Chinese farmers farming in the face of God.What Ye Qisun considers is how meteorology can serve national defense construction, how to serve China's aviation, especially the national defense air force. In this regard, Ye Qisun can be said to have a unique insight.On the other hand, Ye Qisun wanted to introduce physical and mathematical theories and physical methods into the field of meteorology, so that meteorology, which could only stay in the stage of observation and qualitative explanation, could truly become a predictable science, and open up a new path for my country's meteorological field.To complete such a task, Zhao Jiuzhang is the most suitable candidate. Zhao Jiuzhang was well aware of Master Ye's intentions.It is not easy for a far-sighted young man to transfer from physics to high-altitude meteorology. It is related to his personal hobbies and life design.When Mr. Ye proposed this unfamiliar direction before he chose a major, Zhao Jiuzhang did not immediately agree to the teacher.But he quickly understood the teacher's good intentions.Ye Qisun said to Zhao Jiuzhang that this is a great cause that is beneficial to the Chinese people. I believe you will quickly understand the meaning of it. You are a person who loves the country and has a strong sense of enterprise. Break out a new world belonging to the Chinese and leave a safe blue sky for future generations. Zhao Jiuzhang remembered the teacher's words.Although the call was a few words, it set his heart on fire.He went to the University of Berlin with a fire in his chest.There, he changed his major to meteorology—high-altitude meteorology and dynamic oceanography. Just as Ye Qisun expected, Zhao Jiuzhang introduced the basic principles of mathematics, physics and fluid mechanics into the research of atmospheric science, which caused international meteorology. The shock and attention of the world.His paper, "Intermainstream Thermodynamics in Trade Wind Belts," was the result of this effort. Regarding the significance of this paper, many years later, his student Ye Duzheng said: "...before the mid-1930s, meteorology in my country basically belonged to the category of geography, and descriptive work accounted for the vast majority. The first paper to solve meteorological problems was Mr. Zhao's "Trade Wind Belt Mainstream Thermodynamics". Since then, he has continuously introduced mathematical and physical methods into meteorology in China. For example, in In 1943, he published a paper discussing the variation law of frictional layer wind with height, which was carried out by solving mathematical methods. He not only led Chinese meteorology to the road of mathematics, but also spared no effort to guide his younger generations to develop in this direction. For example, "The Evaporation Equation and Its New Solution" co-authored by him and his student Gu Zhenchao, and "The Large-Scale Energy Movement in East Asia" published by Comrade Zhu Gangmin under his guidance can illustrate this problem." (Ye Duzheng, Chao Jiping "Deeply Missing Mr. Zhao Jiuzhang, Learning from His Entrepreneurial Spirit", Science Press, 1997 edition, p. 3) A few years ago, Zhao Jiuzhang turned around alone, which made my country's high-altitude meteorology complete an epoch-making progress.Although this meaning will not be discovered until many years later, how young, how talented, and how lucky he was when he turned to study!He was fortunate to step on the shoulders of two masters. Zhu Kezhen gave him the professional inspiration of meteorology, while Ye Qisun gave him a pair of insightful eyes—the method of using physics to observe the meteorological world.The meteorological world interpreted by physics is so beautiful and charming, and how vast and magnificent!Physics seems to have given him a pair of long enough arms, no matter how far away the celestial bodies and stars are within reach, everything is under control.Zhao Jiuzhang regards atmospheric physics as the basis of meteorology, and believes that meteorological changes are basically physical phenomena in nature. He closely connects with the earth's environment, uses physics and mathematics tools to verify the nature of atmospheric processes, and reveals the nature of atmospheric motion and changes. Physical laws and mechanisms have raised the level of my country's meteorological science to a new historical stage.Zhu Kezhen once praised Zhao Jiuzhang in his diary, who later served as the director of the Institute of Meteorology of the Academia Sinica: "Jiuzhang has been in the institute for 9 months. For basic training, progress in the future must start with physics, so Director Zhao presided over it, and the future hope will come from unlimited." Zhao Jiuzhang returned to China after studying in 1938. He served as the director of the Department of Meteorology of Southwest Associated University and also a researcher of the Aeronautical Research Institute. The urgency of the war of resistance.During this period, he compiled the first lecture notes of "Dynamic Meteorology" in my country, thus training a group of meteorologists.Coincidentally, Zhao Jiuzhang is very similar to Ye Qisun in terms of teaching and educating people.Wang Baogen used to be Zhao Jiuzhang's driver, but Zhao found that he was smart and eager to learn, and he was a talented person, so he sent him to Beijing Institute of Technology to study, and later became a professional technical talent.Chen Jiankui was originally an ordinary worker, but he was diligent and good at research. Zhao Jiuzhang sent him to Tsinghua University to study precision machinery without a degree. After graduation, he became the factory director of the Institute of Applied Geophysics... Zhao Jiuzhang often recites such a sentence: "When the general leaves, the big tree will fall. If the strong man does not return, the cold wind will blow." , Yuan Chonghuan, the general of the Ming Dynasty, is the kind of general who was born at an untimely time.All his life, he served the country with the posture of charging forward, but fate always sprinkled a strong tragic color on him.He is the nephew of Dai Jitao, the well-known spy chief of the Kuomintang's military reunification. This is a coveted door of attachment for outsiders, but he avoids it for fear of being too late.When he was a weak crown, he had been his uncle's confidential adjutant, and he had thought of going into an official career.But it didn't take long for him to dismiss the idea.The officialdom is dark and the government is ugly.It is an illusion to govern the country and the world based on real talents and real skills, let alone save the people from fire and water and save the country from danger.He suddenly showed his cards to his uncle without any warning. After listening to his reason for leaving with a sullen face (of course he couldn't tell the truth), he gave him the only "favor" in his life, allowing He left the mysterious gray building in the courtyard of the Nanjing Military and Political Headquarters.Zhao Jiuzhang waved his hands to bid farewell to the clouds in the western sky, put on his blue cloth gown, passed the entrance examination to the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University, and became a student of Ye Qisun.Different from many of Ye Qisun's disciples, Zhao Jiuzhang actually blocked his own path to prosperity and wealth and embarked on another path.Dai Jitao was in power in the Kuomintang for a while, maybe he would not let Zhao Jiuzhang become a marquis and prime minister, but it should be easy to advance to the ranks and ranks.But Zhao Jiuzhang didn't want to rely on others to seek his own self-interest, and he didn't want to be accused of being a dude by others.He wants to walk his own path.Under the historical conditions at that time, he chose the path of saving the country through science, so he applied for the Department of Physics.No one knew that Zhao Jiuzhang, who was elegant on the outside and peaceful on the outside, had experienced such a big inner turmoil. He cut off all his retreats and had no way back for life.His daughter wrote: "I remember when Li Zeng (Zhao's second daughter) was just born, as a professor at Tsinghua University, my father's salary could barely support the family. Our underwear was rotten into strands, it was really 'ragged '. Dad's trousers turned into shorts. To fill the gap, Mom wore a strange short-sleeved cotton gown. The two missing sleeves probably served the same purpose. Li Zeng's first dress It was put together with mother's socks." Such a poor life has been accompanied by the Zhao family, but Zhao Jiuzhang "has no sad look on his face, but a frank smile." Zhao Jiuzhang smiled and took over the burden of director of the Institute of Meteorology of the Academia Sinica from Zhu Kezhen.The Institute ran rapidly during his tenure, and later developed into the Institute of Geophysics, Atmospheric Physics, and Space Physics with thousands of people. Before the founding of New China, under the pressure of the Kuomintang to relocate to Taiwan, Zhao Jiuzhang not only managed to preserve the meteorological equipment, but also tried his best to ensure that the scientific research personnel of the Meteorological Institute would not be lost. Write letters to mobilize them to return to work in China.The famous scholars who returned to China under the encouragement of Zhao Jiuzhang alone include: Ye Duzheng, Xie Yibing, Gu Zhenchao, Gu Junxi, Zhu Hezhou, Xie Guangdao, Huang Shisong, Liu Haozhi, etc., which made the Institute of Geophysics in New China full of talents for a while, and contributed to the cause of earthquake and geophysics in my country. made a great contribution. When Zhao Jiuzhang served as the director of the Institute of Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, he closely linked his scientific research with the economic construction and national defense of the motherland and devoted himself to his work.At that time, Chinese meteorologists had only East Asian weather maps reported by dozens of meteorological stations in China. In order to study my country's weather and weather processes more deeply and comprehensively, it was necessary to collect and analyze data from thousands of meteorological stations in the entire northern hemisphere. Northern Hemisphere weather map. Therefore, Zhao Jiuzhang put forward a suggestion to the government to carry out this work, which received strong support.Under the guidance of Zhao Jiuzhang, the numerical weather prediction in our country started.Before long, they drew up my country's first northern hemisphere weather map.Zhao Jiuzhang was so excited that he couldn't hold back the joy in his heart. When he got home, he said to his ignorant child: "We have drawn a weather map of the northern hemisphere!" In the early days of the founding of New China, there were only 72 meteorological stations with extremely incomplete equipment in our country, which were far from keeping up with the needs of economic construction, national defense construction and people's lives.Meteorological work must be greatly developed, and development must be equipped with necessary instruments.At that time, many instruments, such as mercury barometers, were imported from abroad, and it was difficult to get them for a while.Time waits for no one, Zhao Jiuzhang led young people to do it by themselves.He also imagined using the nature and changes of offshore waves to predict the location and intensity of typhoons when foreign meteorological data are strictly blocked.In order to get a more accurate wave record in China, he personally guided the production of a floating rod visual instrument, a wave measuring telescope, and a wave spectrum analyzer, and established a wave observation station in Qingdao. For a long time, the main task of meteorologists has been to forecast the weather.But humans long to transform the weather, to free themselves from the shackles of nature.Since the mid-1940s, many meteorological experts have started research on artificial rainmaking, artificial cloud creation, cloud elimination, fog elimination, and hail suppression. In August 1958, my country successfully carried out artificial rainmaking in Jilin Province for the first time.In order to carry out work such as artificial rainfall more effectively, it is necessary to study the precipitation process in depth. Zhao Jiuzhang and Tu Changwang together, regardless of their age and infirmity, climbed Huangshan Mountain and conducted field investigations.In this way, the research work of cloud and fog physics in our country has been carried out from scratch. In September 1956, when Academician Barkin, the head of the Soviet delegation, announced at the fourth preparatory meeting for the International Geophysical Year in Barcelona that the Soviet Union would launch an artificial earth satellite during the International Geophysical Year, he paid great attention to my country's national defense. Zhao Jiuzhang had a premonition that this event would have a profound impact on the world's scientific field. Since then, Zhao Jiuzhang has made corresponding adjustments in his scientific research and actively prepared for my country's satellite development work.Perhaps when Ye Qisun assigned Zhao Jiuzhang to the field of high-altitude meteorology, he did not expect that one day his disciples would make contributions to artificial satellites, just like when he arranged for Qian Xuesen to change his major to aerodynamics, he did not expect that he would make rockets and missiles , But everything that happened to Zhao Jiuzhang in the future really confirmed Ye Qisun's extraordinary foresight.In terms of foresight in the field of science and technology alone, in China at that time, no one could compare with Ye Qisun. The Story of Ye Qisun and Shi Ruwei In 1925, when Ye Qisun came to Tsinghua University, he brought out two people from Southeast University, one was Zhao Zhongyao, and the other was Shi Ruwei.Before coming here, Ye Qisun explained to the school that the school promised to hire two teaching assistants, but after arriving at Tsinghua University, because there were very few students enrolled, the school only gave one teaching assistant, and Shi Ruwei could not return to Southeast University, Ye Qisun then I paid for it myself, paid Shi Ruwei's salary for more than a year, and asked him to stay and work in the Department of Physics.This anecdote has been circulating among colleges and universities in Peking.Because of this reason, Shi Ruwei has always regarded Ye Qisun as his elder brother and the most respected person in his heart. In 1930, Shi Ru went abroad to study at public expense. When choosing a major, Ye Qisun guided him to choose magnetism. Ye Qisun is the originator of modern Chinese magnetism, which is well documented. Among the four great inventions of China, the compass is one of them. "Sinan's spoon is cast on the ground, and it guides", "Fang's family uses a magnet to sharpen the needle, and it can guide, but it is often slightly eastward, not completely south."Whether it is Wang Chong's "Lunheng" in the Western Han Dynasty or Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Bi Tan" in the Northern Song Dynasty, they all talked about the compass. It can be seen that China should be the first to carry out magnetic research in the world. However, until Ye Qisun went abroad to study, China's magnetic research was still at the level of the Song Dynasty.At this time, Europe's understanding of magnetism had progressed to the stage of microcosmic theory of physics.Industrialization, electrification, and radio have given birth to the rapid development of modern magnetism, and these aspects are closely related to physics. Whether it is electricians, electrical appliances, or radio, they are all flowers blooming on the tree of physics.Regardless of whether it is electrical engineering, radio or physics, it is closely related to magnetism, especially radio engineering, which requires magnetic materials—whether it is metal ferromagnetic or semiconductor magnetic materials.With the advent of electronic computers and tape recorders, the application field of magnetism has been greatly expanded.According to data in the 20th century, among the 14 world-leading scientific research achievements made by Chinese physicists in the 1920s, Ye Qisun was the only scientist who achieved two achievements.One is the precise determination of Planck's constant, well known in physics, and the other is the study of magnetism, which is little known to outsiders.Mr. Wu Shuiqing from the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences wrote in his paper "Contributions of Chinese Physicists (1900-1959)" published in "Physical Experiment" in 1994: "Ye Qisun pioneered research from 1922 to 1923. The influence of hydrostatic pressure on the magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic metals. He raised the highest pressure value of 3001000 standard atmospheres in previous experiments to 12000 standard atmospheres, and observed complex phenomena that had never been seen before. He also used this as a basis , systematically discussed the relationship between pressure and the pressure coefficient, temperature coefficient, remanence and magnetic permeability of some typical ferromagnetic metals. Ye Qisun's influence of high pressure and hydrostatic pressure on the magnetism of ferromagnetic metals was a project at the beginning of this century. Extremely important research work." Ye Qisun's doctoral thesis on magnetism was first published in the Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.Half a century later, a postgraduate student named Hu Shenghua from the University of Science and Technology of China, under the guidance of his tutor Mr. Qian Linzhao, took Ye Qisun as the research subject and began to pay attention to Ye Qisun's contribution to the study of physics and history of science.During the writing of the thesis, Hu Shenghua entrusted Mr. Ren Zhigong to help find the magnetism paper the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the magic permeability of iron, cobalt, and nickel written by Mr. Ye half a century ago.With deep affection for Mr. Ye, Mr. Ren Zhigong searched all the relevant archives in the United States, and finally found and copied this paper. From the above information, we know that at the beginning of the 20th century, Ye Qisun was at the forefront of the world in terms of magnetic research.China is the hometown of magnetism, but it stopped advancing after the Song Dynasty.It was Ye Qisun who, with deep feelings, used his knowledge and ability to climb to the peak of the world's magnetism again and won honor for China. In the 1930s, after the birth of quantum mechanics, foreign countries applied the principles of quantum mechanics to the research of ferromagnetic theory, which greatly expanded the field of magnetism.Ye Qisun also took advantage of the opportunity to go to Germany for advanced studies, and specially visited r.becker, a researcher who has made great contributions in this field, in order to obtain new knowledge.During the conversation, the two sides discussed in-depth issues such as magnetostriction.During the days of studying abroad, Ye Qisun deeply felt that the research on magnetism in the West was changing with each passing day, and if China wanted to maintain its leading momentum in magnetism, it could not rely on itself alone, but should focus on cultivating its own magnetism team. Therefore, he chose Shi Ruwei. Shi Ruwei chose magnetism without hesitation. In the autumn of 1930, Shi Ruwei first studied for a master's degree at the University of Illinois, obtained a master's degree, and then transferred to the Department of Physics of Yale University to study for a doctorate.His doctoral dissertation "Magnetism of Iron-Cobalt Single Crystals" was called "fundamental historical significance in the field of ferromagnetism research" by the magnetic field.This is another honor for Chinese scholars after Ye Qisun. According to data, from the 1930s to the 1940s, Shi Ruwei personally accounted for a considerable share of the major scientific research achievements in China. He took over the baton from his teacher and carried on this marathon of magnetic research with vibrancy. In 1934, Shi Ruwei, who received a Ph.D., returned to China and opened the first magnetic research laboratory in my country at the Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica.Shi Ruwei's team carried out magnetic experiment research on the preparation of magnetic alloy samples, phase and structure analysis, observation of magnetic domain pattern and magnetic measurement, etc. It went on and on. Regardless of whether in old or new China, Shi Ruwei has kept my country's ferromagnetic material research at the international frontier level.In Shi Ruwei's team, most of them were graduates of the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University, and they naturally formed a chain linking the past and the future.For example, the graduates Pu Fuke and Meng Xianzhen in 1952, the former made great contributions to the theory of magnetism, and the latter followed Shi Ru to translate cb Von Suovsky's "Modern Magnetism". In 1955, the Department of Physics of Peking University established the Department of Magnetism, and Ye Qisun personally taught it, and trained a group of new successors for the team.Many years later, a magnetism graduate named Dai Daosheng recalled: In the summer of 1956, the leader decided to send me to Moscow University to study in the Soviet Union, and asked Mr. Ye to decide on the direction of my major. Mr. Ye asked me to go to his home to discuss this matter.He made many investigations and believed that microwave ferrite was a very important direction at that time, and it was a popular subject field in magnetism, and it had very important practical significance.Mr. Ye also sought the opinions of Mr. Wu Youxun when making the final declaration.I remember that when I went to Mr. Ye’s house, I saw Mr. Wu present (I didn’t know him at the time). Mr. Ye said that I would go to the Soviet Union to study, and Mr. Wu immediately agreed. One of the key points, and kindly encouraged me.The development of the discipline over the next ten years has proved that this decision is completely correct, and it also shows that Mr. Ye has truly achieved the state of wholehearted and selfless dedication in cultivating talents for the country. (Dai Daosheng's "Recalling Teacher Ye Qisun's Training for Me", see "A Generation of Teacher Ye Qisun", pp. 213-214) Shi Ruwei is the first batch of elected academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. After 1957, he has been the director of the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, even after his retirement, he is still the honorary director of the Institute of Physics.If Ye Qisun is the founder of modern Chinese magnetism, then Shi Ruwei is the second generation successor and the main core of the later Chinese magnetics team.经过他的惨淡经营，也因老师的悉心辅佑，中国磁学研究队伍多年来一直保持完整的队形，并且一直保持着进取态势。队伍可谓老中青结合，年龄上互相承接，学术研究上环环相扣。他们冷静、团结、质朴、进取，为中国科学事业作出了巨大贡献。但是，如果追根溯源，我们就会发现，这个团队的所有成员都有着相同的气质和风格，有着共同的愿望和理想，而这一切，都和叶企孙不无联系，他们身上都存留着他的遗传密码…… 叶企孙除了以特种研究委员会主席的身份继续参与领导清华大学之外，在西南联大还以资深教授的身份出现在联大物理系的讲台上，为当时的西南联大物理系平添了几多光彩。他担任的课程是“电磁学”、“热学”、“物理学”、“微子论”等。 此时战争形势进一步恶化。 由于太平洋战争爆发，美国人成功切断了日军的海上交通线。为了给远在东南亚的战场提供后勤保障，日本人开始集结重兵，向广西、云贵方向进攻，以建立通向东南亚的军事补给线。散布在南线的国民党军队没能阻止日军的疯狂进攻，随着缅甸、泰国的沦陷，昆明形势岌岌可危。 西南联大不得不再次做好转移的准备。 经研究决定，联大委派叶企孙亲赴四川勘察校址，一旦昆明陷落，联大便可直接迁入四川。 叶企孙带着一干技术人员上路了。 经过一个多月的勘察，终于在成渝之间找到了一处校址。细心认真的叶企孙还绘制了详细的地图给联大校务会汇报。会上，张伯苓满意地称赞叶企孙说：“企孙弟探址资料之细之实，乃出乎意料。” 高尚的品德，切实的工作，使叶企孙在西南联大声誉日隆。