Chapter 23 2. Flow makes life better

In 2007, there was one of the best MSN signatures: I am a mosquito lying on the window, the future is full of bright, but I can't find a way out.We who live in a corner of the magical city of Beijing are just like the mosquito, the glass between us and the city, in addition to the warmth and coldness of human relationships, there are also those cold system barrier glass.Escaping has become an inevitable choice for the pursuit of quality life.If the city treats you so unkindly, why stay and suffer the blank stares? In fact, free movement is the general trend.This is the general trend for Beijing to get rid of the "bloated" predicament, and it is also the general trend for the rise of second- and third-tier cities in China.It is a wise move to follow the trend.

Hua Zan, an expert on the American "Das Kapital", said: "The development of civilization and the realization of modernization are not the establishment of international metropolises, but the development of small rural areas. The national model should consolidate small and medium-sized towns, so as to disperse resources and development, and let people Sharing the fruits of civilization; not concentrating resources and development in metropolises." This is essentially the same as Professor Wu Liangyong's concept of "Greater Beijing Area", which advocates encouraging the development of surrounding areas to relieve the pressure on big cities and at the same time achieve the overall take-off of the region.

However, the beautiful scene of "enjoying the shade under the big tree" did not happen in the surrounding areas of Beijing.The "Blue Book on China's Regional Development" released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 2006 is worrying: There are 32 impoverished counties and 3,798 impoverished villages in the six districts and cities bordering Beijing and Tianjin in Hebei, and the impoverished population reached 2.726 million. "European cities" and "African countryside" appear simultaneously within a radius of 100 kilometers.There is still a large area of ​​"Beijing-Tianjin Poverty Belt" around the capital like this, which is extremely rare in the world.

According to expert analysis, this reflects that compared with Shanghai, Beijing's radiation effect on Tianjin and Hebei is very small, and even in many cases, the aggregation effect is greater than the radiation effect, forming the "air suction" phenomenon. What is "empty suction"? The explanation in Ci Hai is: when a fluid flows rapidly through a narrow pipe in the middle, the pressure in the narrow place is lower than the atmospheric pressure. If another fluid is connected to this place with a narrow pipe, the connected fluid will be sucked in. .The “empty suction phenomenon” in Beijing mainly refers to the large gap in economic development between Beijing and the surrounding Tianjin and Hebei regions, and the gradual concentration of talents and resources in the surrounding areas to Beijing, which further widens the gap between Beijing and the surrounding areas, resulting in The regional economic development is relatively slow.

"The chickens from the opposite village often come here to visit, and we can hear clearly whoever quarrels across the opposite side... It's as close as a village, but in my heart, it feels like heaven and earth, far away!" Baoding Laishui County suddenly People in Jiamo Village often look at Zheng Jiamo from a suburban county in Beijing and say this.The prosperity and superiority of the Beijing side and the misery and embarrassment of the Hebei side cannot be changed by crossing the small bridge on the border, crossing the field ridge, crossing the boundary stone, or drilling through the crossbar.

Why does this happen?According to expert analysis, this is due to Beijing's long-standing policy of "taking more than giving" to surrounding areas, especially Hebei.Sun Jiuwen, a professor at the Institute of Regional Economics and Urban Management at Renmin University of China, said: "There has always been a misunderstanding about the relationship between Beijing and Hebei. Beijing should pay back the economic development of these areas, which is obviously stuck in the 1980s." But the reality is far worse than what Professor Sun described. 81% of Beijing's water use and 93% of Tianjin's water use come from Hebei.As the water source of Beijing and Tianjin, in order to provide Beijing and Tianjin with sufficient and clean water resources, Hebei has continuously improved water source protection standards and increased restrictions on resource development and industrial and agricultural production in this area, thus inevitably restricting the development of this area. economic development.

At the same time, according to the "Hebei Ecological Province Construction Planning Outline", since 2005, Hebei Province has successively invested 418.8 billion yuan in ecological construction, which has become an ecological barrier for the two major cities of Beijing and Tianjin.And "Because the 2008 Olympic Games will be held, Hebei Province has invested so much energy to build an ecological environment, which is also of great significance to the improvement of the capital's environment." The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is inextricably linked to each other.The concept of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration was also proposed a few years ago, but it has always been a verbal statement, and there is almost no integration and cooperation in the true sense. "Yanzhao Metropolis Daily" reporter Wang Rongjuan wrote an article on this issue in 2006, "The Dilemma of the Poverty Belt Around Beijing and Tianjin: The Gap Is Gradually Widening":

"The 'docking' between Hebei and Beijing and Tianjin is probably more in a sense to protect the ecology of Beijing and Tianjin and to protect Beijing and Tianjin's water supply." The villagers adjacent to Beijing feel specific and realistic about the integration.This is also true in reality. For every five glasses of water that Beijingers drink, three glasses come from the Chaohe River in Hebei, and a large part of Tianjin's water also comes from Hebei. "However, we have never seen the compensation Beijing has given us for water use." Although some people in the economic circles proposed the concept of "ecological compensation" a few years ago, relevant departments in Hebei have tried to match what Beijing is seeking. "Water compensation" has never received a clear answer.

"Stop talking about compensation, we are all numb." Many people in the Laishui County Water Conservancy Bureau were a little impatient with this issue.Since the start of the Juma River closure project, it has been constantly negotiating with Beijing through the higher authorities. The report was written so much that it was unwilling to write again. The expert group has also visited the local area many times, and the coordination meeting between the two sides has also been held. The 'disaster-affected' people should be compensated, but there is no follow-up." Ji Shan said that the groundwater table is getting deeper and deeper, and now it costs more than 100,000 yuan to drill a well, which is beyond the reach of ordinary people. Sometimes it can’t be issued, and subsidies can’t be given, and drafting has become a difficult matter, let alone development.

"How can we keep the results without investment?" Liu Hongtao, chief of the Forestry Section of Zhangjiakou Forestry Bureau, is also very helpless. In order to conserve water sources, prevent wind and sand fixation, returning farmland to forests and afforestation on barren hills in Zhangjiakou area require a large amount of investment.It is known that the government subsidizes 140 yuan per mu, or 200 catties of grain, within eight years for returning farmland to forests, and only 50 yuan per mu for afforestation on barren hills. "If there is no funds for the development of follow-up industries, once the subsidy period is over, how can the farmers who have lost their land live on and how can they live better?" According to Liu Hongtao, even if the local area develops economic fruit trees, due to economic constraints, it can only be carried out. Some primary processing has limited income, not to mention some ecological forests that have no economic benefits. "Without follow-on industries, there is no future. And in these respects, we have not received any 'compensation'."

Although there are historical reasons for the emergence of the poverty belt around Beijing and Tianjin, this unspeakably equal "docking" is also to blame. Sacrificing others to fulfill oneself is selfish and greedy.The American writer Ebenstein attributed this behavior to one of the important manifestations of "snobbery", and it is probably the most appropriate comment on the city of Beijing. Comparing the "Poverty Belt around Beijing and Tianjin" with the economic take-off of the Yangtze River Delta region, it highlights the open-minded "boss" demeanor of Shanghai and the snobbish "boss" attitude of Beijing. As the leading city in the "Yangtze River Delta" region, Shanghai's rapid development has driven the rapid development of neighboring Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other related areas. The major cities around it have also actively connected and coordinated with Shanghai, and actively accepted the radiation and drive of Shanghai. Driven by Shanghai, the tourism industry in the "Yangtze River Delta" is booming. After 20 years of cooperation, the development of tourism in the "Yangtze River Delta" has moved towards a virtuous circle, while the cooperation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is still in its infancy.According to statistics, in 2004, the GDP of the two cities and one province of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei was 1.6 trillion yuan, which was less than half of that of the "Yangtze River Delta"; times, and the tourism revenue created is three times that of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The academic community tends to agree that if Beijing’s “empty suction phenomenon” is to be solved, Beijing’s economic development should focus on innovative economy, modern financial industry information, and service industry consulting, while the manufacturing industry should be relinquished to Tianjin and Hebei. Highlight the advantages of economic complementarity in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region; the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region should develop into a mutual competition and cooperation relationship to promote the development of regional cooperation.To solve the phenomenon of "the poverty belt around Beijing and Tianjin", it is imperative to establish an ecological compensation mechanism and strengthen the cooperation and development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. In order to alleviate the rapid expansion of the immigrant population inside and outside the city and the serious shortage of water resources caused by it, Beijing's method of aggressively encroaching on the surrounding land and expanding outward mechanically in the past is obviously no different from drinking poison to quench thirst, only a few more in the suburbs "Sleeping City" only.Therefore, no matter how snobbish and selfish Beijing is, it is imperative for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to be connected on an equal footing, and for the surrounding towns to truly share some of her functions. The relocation of Shougang to Caofeidian, and the cooperative hydrangea thrown by Sanyuan Group to Chengde are all reforms that conform to this trend. The "China Urban Development Report (No.2)" pointed out that China's urban development in 2009 showed six major characteristics, one of which is that "the strategic engine role of urban dense areas will be further highlighted."In other words, urban agglomeration will become one of the driving forces for China's urbanization in the future. For individuals, there will be more development opportunities around megacities like Beijing, and second- and third-tier cities will become more and more active. In 2007, the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed for the first time that in accordance with the principle of "leading the small with the big", "relying on the mega-cities, form urban agglomerations with a large radiation effect, and cultivate new growth poles". On March 21, 2010, the Tianjin-Baobao Railway officially started construction. This will not only create an important passenger and cargo channel from the Binhai New Area to the northwest, but also connect three lines including the Beijing-Shanghai Passenger Dedicated Line, the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway, and the Tianjin-Qin Passenger Dedicated Line. Promote the construction of the high-speed railway network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region around the Bohai Sea, shorten the space-time distance between the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, and accelerate the process of regional cooperation around the Bohai Sea.In the future, an intercity rail transit network with Beijing as the center, Beijing and Tianjin as the main axis, and Shijiazhuang and Qinhuangdao as the two wings will also be built.According to the plan, by 2020, the total mileage of intercity rail transit in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region will reach 710 kilometers. On May 19, 2010, an official from the Regional Economic Department of the National Development and Reform Commission revealed that the "Regional Planning of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Area" has been submitted to the State Council and is expected to be released within this year.Currently, it takes less than 3 hours to drive from Beijing to Caofeidian.After the high-speed railway is completed, it will only take 50 minutes, which belongs to the typical "one-hour economic circle".In the "Regional Planning of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Area", according to the "8+2" model, with Beijing and Tianjin as the dual core, the cities that can be reached in one hour include: Shijiazhuang, Qinhuangdao, Tangshan, Langfang, Baoding, Cangzhou in Hebei Province , Zhangjiakou and Chengde 8 cities. Beijing's positioning is undergoing "de-economicization".Wang Haiping, former deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission, said that Beijing will proceed from reality, adapt to the overall pattern of China's economic development, and actively participate in the development of the Bohai Rim region.Last year, Beijing and Hebei signed for the first time a memorandum of understanding on strengthening economic and social development cooperation, confirming that the two sides will carry out in-depth cooperation in nine areas including transportation infrastructure, water resources and ecological environment protection, and energy development. Breakthrough work.This means that Beijing has entered a new stage in its joint development with brother provinces and cities. On November 24, 2009, Singapore’s Lianhe Zaobao published the article “Snowballing Big Beijing and Big Shanghai” by current affairs commentator Ma Ling. The author lives in Beijing most of the time and feels that the big city disease is becoming more and more obvious: "Running from the east end of the Sixth Ring Road to the west end of the Sixth Ring Road to run errands, the driving distance is 70 to 80 kilometers. At present, the number of cars in Beijing is about 3.8 million, and almost all the roads are congested. Consumed on the road, China's capital has been dubbed China's 'first traffic'." The author visited Zhangjiagang, a small city in Jiangsu, but saw a different scene: "How could this former rural water town be so beautiful? It seems to be cleaner and more livable than any city in China today. There is not a trace of waste on the street. With Zhangjiagang City’s heavy penalties for spitting and throwing cigarette butts for many years, protecting the environment has become a habit of citizens, not only the ground is clean, but the sky is also clean. Local people say that any pollution is the public enemy of this city.” So, after "comparing the quality of life in big cities and small cities", Ma Ling was confused: "Is a better life in big cities or in small cities?" Finally, after analyzing the development trend of the "Greater Beijing Area" and "Greater Shanghai Area", Ma Ling believes that going out from the big cities in the central area will become the choice of more and more people, just like sunflowers chasing the sun, People will always find their own balance in the "fish and bear's paw" choice between development opportunities and quality of life: "Although super-large cities like Beijing and Shanghai have many development opportunities, it is not easy for ordinary migrant workers to live in big cities. Not only are housing prices high, but prices are also high. As inter-city transportation becomes more and more convenient , small towns around big cities will be more and more popular. For example, small and medium-sized cities like Zhangjiagang, Changzhou, and Kunshan around Shanghai are more livable than Shanghai. Although there are no high-level small cities like Zhangjiagang around Beijing, but Many small cities and towns in Hebei near Beijing, such as Yanjiao, Langfang, Zhuozhou, Xianghe, etc., have become the settlements of many migrant workers in Beijing." Why do so many people leave Beijing?First of all, it must be because of the bad life in the city.How bad is it?According to the "Global Cost of Living 2009" survey report released by the famous American consulting company Mercer on July 7, 2009, Beijing's ranking of the cost of living in the world's cities has risen by 11 places compared with last year, making it the ninth in the world. "expensive city". On May 25, 2010, Mercer released the "2010 Urban Quality of Life" survey report, which surveyed 221 cities around the world based on 10 items, including infrastructure, political and social environment, and medical and welfare systems.Vienna tops the list.Among Asian cities, Singapore ranks the highest at 28th, while Japan's Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka and Nagoya rank 40th, 41st, 51st and 57th respectively.Hong Kong, China ranks 71st, while Shanghai and Beijing rank 98th and 114th respectively. In this regard, we can have a more intuitive understanding of life in Beijing: the cost of living ranks ninth in the world, but after you pay such an expensive living price, what you get is the quality of life that ranks 114th in the world . From the beginning of 2008 to the end of 2009, Yu Shicun, a well-known writer, traveled more than 2,000 kilometers from Beijing to Dali, Yunnan, a small and medium-sized city with a population of more than 200,000, and lived a semi-reclusive life for nearly two years. "In Beijing, there are dinners almost every day. In order to get together, sometimes I have to be stuck on the road for three or four hours. After the meeting, what I come across is mostly rubbish information." Yu Shicun has said on many occasions that he has contemporary urban diseases, Such as depression and sub-health, "We are a group of people who have been too alienated by the city." In the outskirts of Dali, Yu Shicun rented a private house, "sleeping until he wakes up naturally every day", reading, writing, growing vegetables, and basking in the sun. "I get more sunshine in one day than in a year in Beijing." On the issue of "escape from Beijing", Yu Shicun is obviously not fighting alone.Peng Yuanwen, a commentator of Fenghuang.com, wrote in his article "Livable City Starts with Sleeping on the Street", using himself as an example: "I became a house slave in Beijing, and I can pay off the loan after a few years, but I I never thought of taking Beijing as my home and spending my later years here. The main reason is that I don’t enjoy equal rights here. Some people may ask: Since you hate Beijing so much, why don’t you Why do you still come here? My answer is: because there are more opportunities here, but the reason there are more opportunities here is precisely because of inequality." Peng Yuanwen believes that big cities like Beijing are becoming less and less livable, but young people still move to the city one after another, because there are more opportunities in big cities.In fact, the more fundamental reason is the imbalance between urban and rural development. Conditions such as education and medical care are good only in metropolitan cities; farmers who go out to work can only earn money in super-developed cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen. The snowstorm in 2008 and the hundreds of thousands of migrant workers who gathered at Guangzhou Railway Station can illustrate this problem.Most college graduates would like to stay in the metropolis to work, and few people would like to go to rural areas, towns or remote areas.Tangjialing Village, not far from Zhongguancun, is home to 50,000 college graduates from all over the country. They are vividly called "ants". In the UK, its social security system is extremely sound.High-level surgeons in London's major hospitals can also be found in rural clinics; every village has a post office, so you don't have to go to the town to send a letter.There is no difference between urban and rural areas, and both urban and country people can enjoy the fruits of modern civilization.And because of the unique natural environment in the countryside, people in the city even yearn for rural life.Therefore, "true civilization does not exploit the environment, nor does it exploit the land". American planner Danzhuo Ous once lamented at the International Conference on Land Planning between China and the United States: "We (the United States) have tried every means to protect the suburbs that are precious to the city, so it is completely impossible to occupy the suburbs. In China , you are expanding the city with land in the suburbs, the scale and speed of urban sprawl and land occupation is astounding!" On August 28, 2008, Sun Zhengcai, Minister of Agriculture, pointed out in his report to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress that the income of farmers in my country has grown the fastest in recent years, but the income gap between urban and rural residents is also widening. In 2007, the per capita net income of rural residents actually increased by 9.5%, the highest growth rate since 1985; while the income ratio of urban and rural residents expanded to 3.33:1, with an absolute gap of 9,646 yuan. What is the concept of 3.33 to 1?To describe a country, it is a country with a per capita income of 10,000 US dollars and a country with a per capita income of only 3,330 US dollars, which is the gap between a developed country and a poor country. "We always believe that the development of economic agglomeration towards cities and large cities, especially the large cities in the east, is the cause of China's inter-regional development gap and income gap today. This is a very one-sided view. The economic agglomeration and income gap in the The fundamental reason why urban-rural and inter-regional expansion occurs at the same time is that we have hindered the flow of factors, especially the free flow of labor factors, and the most important thing is the flow of low-skilled laborers.” Lu Ming, a professor at the School of Economics of Fudan University and Zhejiang University, said so in the article "China's Big Cities Need to Untie". Obviously, narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor between urban and rural areas has always been one of the main directions of the country's vigorous regulation and control. "After years of construction, China has the conditions for decentralized development. Now is the time for China to focus on balanced development. The central and western regions must also develop in a balanced manner, and cannot pursue megacities. Resources and development, including knowledge and technology, must be expanded and transferred. Go to the countryside, towns, and small and medium-sized cities." Zhang Zongqi, a returnee from studying abroad, said. Zheng Fengtian, a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Agriculture and Rural Development at Renmin University of China, pointed out that if all material and financial resources are invested in the countryside, it will be difficult to solve the problems of poverty, poverty and poverty in the countryside.It is not a problem if the huge population stays in the countryside. They must be transferred out. Reducing the rural population is the main way to finally eliminate poverty and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas.Simply letting farmers stay in the countryside will never solve the problem of urban-rural integration.The future rural unification is to gradually solve the problem of reunification of the rural population into the city, rather than the current urbanization of the population, which unidirectionally unifies the rural land to the city, the funds to the city, and the people to the city. But the household registration is still in rural areas. Transferring the rural population is actually advocating the idea of ​​"encouraging population mobility".Flow from the countryside to the city, and the city here does not just refer to "Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou".Because this kind of flow should also include moving from the crowded center to the periphery. Cities and prosperity are not synonymous.Detroit, once a big city in the United States, prospered rapidly due to the prosperity of the automobile industry, and once reached a population of more than two million.However, with the decline of the American auto industry, Detroit declined rapidly, and is currently described by Americans as a "dead city".Therefore, it is very dangerous to talk about the development of urbanization one-sidedly. If a town has no industrial support, no job opportunities, and a large number of people gather, the problem will be even greater.The prosperity of small towns in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta is driven by the development of specialized towns. There are only small actors and no small roles. To paraphrase this sentence: only small cities have no small opportunities.It is actually a win-win situation for talents to flow from megacities like "Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou" to second- and third-tier cities. "From the perspective of a regional development strategy that balances the distribution of population and industries, it is a new development trend for young people to leave first-tier cities, which is conducive to promoting a balanced distribution of human resources among cities, thereby driving a rational layout of regional industrial structures. From From the perspective of personal choice, big cities have a large number of economic development opportunities and an international and cosmopolitan cultural atmosphere, which can largely meet the needs of young people for employment and personal development. However, the competitive pressure brought about by high-density population aggregation, Problems such as economic pressure cannot be ignored. When first-tier cities cannot provide them with a sense of job accomplishment and life satisfaction, young people will break their blind dependence on big cities, return to rationality, and choose to find counterparts in second- and third-tier cities. jobs.” As a global career planner, Li Chunyu believes, “The pace of life in second-tier cities is relatively leisurely, but that does not mean that life is dull, nor does it mean that there is a lack of development opportunities. will occlude." Although Beijing is a metropolis with many opportunities, the city's "snobbery" determines that it cannot accommodate all talents, even if this talent may be as extraordinary as Jack Ma.Beijing could still miss it.Because when Beijing snobbishly picks and chooses talents from all walks of life, talents also have the right to choose Beijing.This right to choose applies to everyone. You and Beijing are in a two-way choice relationship, neither humble nor overbearing. Therefore, Ma Yun decided to completely abandon Beijing, return to Hangzhou to start a business from scratch, and finally created the Alibaba Group.Hangzhou, compared to the powerful Beijing, can only be regarded as a second-tier city in China. However, when you are looking for a breakthrough in the metropolis, the second-tier cities are not idle at all, and are striding forward in accordance with the specifications of the metropolis. In 1920, the urban population of the United States surpassed the rural population for the first time. In 2007, the world's urban population surpassed the rural population for the first time. In 2010, China's urban population will surpass the rural population for the first time. The "Blue Book of Urban Competitiveness 2009" shows: "Medium-sized cities and large cities are the main forces of Chinese cities. There are 81 large cities in China, 113 medium-sized cities, and a total of 194 cities, accounting for 65.99% of the 294 cities in China. It can be seen that the two are the main forces of Chinese cities." Zlotnik, Director of the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, said: China is already the country with the fastest urbanization rate in the world.One quarter of the world's cities with a population of more than 500,000 are in China.The vitality of China's second-tier cities is hidden in these 194 Chinese cities. Because of the Internet, information in second-tier cities is synchronized with that of first-tier cities; because of intercity express lines and urban rail transit, people and logistics in second-tier cities are synchronized with first-tier cities; because of commercial chains, consumption in second-tier cities is synchronized with first-tier cities; because of metropolitan areas, The resource interaction between second-tier cities and first-tier cities is complementary and synchronized. Every province has national satellite TV; 28 cities have been approved to build subway plans; international brands and national enterprises have found their place in many second-tier cities and spread their branches and leaves.The second-tier Lanzhou, Wuhan, and Xi'an all have national media; the second-tier Suzhou, Dongguan, Ningbo, and Wenzhou are all rich in economic strength; Hangzhou has won the "Forbes Best Commercial City in Mainland China" list for five consecutive years... … What is not synchronous is that when second-tier cities benefit from the radiation and industrial relevance of first-tier cities, their own unique advantages will not be taken away: historical sites, high-quality water, soil and air, ports, urban natural heritage, cultural heritage and intangible heritage, traditional industries, relatively cheap investment and settlement costs, local innovation, etc.More importantly, most second-tier cities are similar to unlimited cities, with relatively loose household registration, "a lot of money, but few talents", and there is a "very hungry" demand for investment entrepreneurs, creative industry families and industrial workers.Capable people are more likely to obtain opportunities and platforms, become elites among the "new citizens" and live a good life.However, the excellent performance at work still has the opportunity to enter the national field of vision and share the glory with the elites of the metropolis. Today's second-tier cities are no longer isolated orphans in remote corners, but all belong to the chessboard of the metropolitan area, where they play the role of striving for growth, with first-tier opportunities and second-tier pressure. In August 2007, China Youth Daily Social Survey Center and Sina.com News Center jointly implemented an online survey titled "Which city is more suitable for your work and life".The results show that among the 7,946 respondents, 52.8% believe that megacities such as Beijing and Shanghai have greater opportunities for development.But at the same time, 34.5% of people believe that the quality of life in medium-sized cities is higher, compared with only 17.8% who believe that the quality of life in megacities such as Beijing and Shanghai is higher. In the survey, 20.3% of the people agreed that "there are too many talents in Beijing and Shanghai, the competition is too fierce, and the development opportunities in other places are greater", and 28.3% of the people even believed that "the gap between other cities and megacities such as Beijing has gradually narrowed. ".In this survey, "housing prices are too high (53.5%)", "cost of living is too high (50.6%)", "traffic is too congested (46.4%)", "no sense of belonging (32.8%)" have become people's current opinions. The main reason for the criticism of big cities. Among the 20 cities surveyed in the 2006 Annual Report on the Livable Index of Chinese Public Cities, big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou all ranked relatively low.The researchers said that although big cities have more development opportunities, they are relatively poor in living conditions such as personal living conditions, community conditions, ecological environment, and public transportation. Unless he starts a family in Beijing, Hong Gang feels that he will definitely leave. In his words, he is "always ready".After graduating from Beijing University of Science and Technology, Hong Gang stayed in the Beijing Highway Management Office. "It seems that Beijing pays well." In fact, Xiao Hong complained, "The annual salary of civil servants is only 80,000 to 100,000 yuan. It’s much higher than that in my hometown, but when it comes to the most basic food and housing, Beijing has no advantage at all, and the average price of houses within the Fourth Ring Road has risen to 34,900 yuan per square meter, while in my hometown, it’s 2,500 yuan per square meter.” The key question is, "Your education is more competitive in small and medium cities"!And there are not a few people who hold similar views. Career planner Li Chunyu said: "I support young people to think more about developing in second-tier cities. This is not a blind move, nor is it an escape, but a rational choice for them, which is in line with the general trend of social development. Choosing to return home and emigrate Small cities are the embodiment of people's diversified living standards and values." Li Da is 29 years old this year. He has worked in an IT company in Beijing for more than three years and has just resigned recently.He said, "In other people's eyes, software engineers should be paid well, but I graduated from graduate school and worked hard in the company for more than three years. The monthly salary is less than 5,000 yuan, and I haven't even saved the down payment for the house." So, "We can't stay in Beijing anymore, the housing prices are crazy." Li Da and his girlfriend are from rural Henan. "Unlike many people of the same age, they can use their parents' money to pay the down payment or even buy a house. We can't bear to use their pension money to buy a house." During the Chinese New Year, I saw the aging faces of my parents , Li Da blamed himself more and more. Years later, Li Da received an invitation from a friend who started a business in Hefei, hoping that he could be a technical supervisor.He discussed with his girlfriend repeatedly and decided to accept the invitation. "The housing prices there are relatively low, and my salary is not less than now, and it's a job I'm good at. It's too tiring in Beijing." Li Da said that their decision has also been supported by his parents. He wants to settle down in Hefei as soon as possible, and then bring his parents to take care of him. "That city is also very suitable for the elderly to live in. The sandstorms in Beijing these days have made me miss this place even more." This is a well-thought-out decision, which may affect a young man's life, but Li Da said Time will tell him it was a wise decision. On July 29, 2010, several media outlets reprinted an article from People's Daily, pointing out that "young people are fleeing from Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, saying that it is getting more and more difficult for outsiders to get through in big cities." "Xu Zhaoyuan, an associate researcher at the Enterprise Institute of the Development Research Center of the State Council, believes that some young people "fleeing from Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou" is actually a manifestation of urban economic development at a certain stage. Since first-tier cities have more job opportunities and higher production efficiency, talents are moving to the first-tier cities. Urban agglomeration. But when the urban economy develops to a certain stage, the phenomenon of "crowding" in big cities becomes more and more serious, and the cost of living and production becomes higher and higher. At this time, enterprises begin to transfer to areas with lower costs, which leads to the economic shift to Other regions have spread, and some talents have also transferred to small and medium-sized cities because they cannot afford the high cost of living in big cities." "I think many people would rather live in a small city than move their home. In fact, it is mainly for face. In fact, in second- and third-tier cities, you can live a very comfortable life. Houses and cars are easier than in big cities. Why torture yourself for fame." Xiao Xu, who graduated from Peking University, has now found a foothold in life in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province. Hong Ye, who graduated from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, returned to her hometown of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi. In her view, life in Beijing is just an experience. "I was already close to this city when I was in college, and I was satisfied. It is more about looking at the reality than the ideal. I choose to go back to my parents, and I feel very at ease. At work, they can give me guidance and help, and when they retire, I can also take good care of them by my side. In my hometown, I didn’t feel the pressure of house slaves, child slaves, etc., and I think it’s pretty good.” "Not everyone is not suitable for first-tier cities, just as not everyone is suitable for second-tier cities. To regain your life, what you need is not to escape the tragedy of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, but to give up thoughtfully - first-tier cities will not leave because of losers And if you are damaged, you must understand that giving up Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou is just your personal choice, not only choosing a turning point in your life, but also choosing an opportunity that others can't see, choosing a city origin that is most suitable for the next generation."