Chapter 11 chapter Ten

What a beautiful sight this autumn. That day was October 7th.The general who lived in Xishan suddenly received a call from Li Xiannian: Those "jumping clowns" have been arrested! "Arrested?!" The general was extremely surprised, but he immediately understood what it meant.He couldn't help but burst out laughing "haha" on the phone. Such laughter has not been seen for many years. "Qiuli, how is your illness? Can you go to work?" Li Xiannian asked. "Okay. You can go to work today!" The general was full of pride. What a joy to behold.The general went to the 301 Hospital that day—this year, the general suffered from the persecution of the "Gang of Four" and the successive deaths of Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong, and Zhu De. He was extremely ill physically and mentally. Xishan recuperation.After hearing the news from Li Xiannian that the "Gang of Four" who had caused disasters to the country and the people had been arrested, he was so excited that he went straight to the 301 Hospital to complete the discharge procedures.

"I saw my dad swinging his walking stick in the corridor that day, howling and shouting: 'Come to your dean, I'm going to be discharged from the hospital!'" daughter Xiaoxia said. Immediately after the general returned home, he couldn't hold back the joy in his heart, called his wife to the inner room, and closed the door.After a while, he came out in a hurry again, and walked out with the leather bag between his hands, his face was full of uncontainable joy, and his steps became extremely light. The children couldn't catch up with their father, and they also knew that he was a well-known "secrecy expert" in the family.So I pestered my mother to tell her what happened.

This time the mother revealed the "secret" to the child: Those villains have been arrested! "Okay—" the children suddenly cheered.The son was tall, so he bumped his head against the wooden beam, but he didn't feel any pain at all, and his heart was like a tide of sweet water.Because they all know who the "bad guy" refers to. Regarding the general situation after 1970, I abbreviated it because the "Gang of Four" was rampant during this period, and the general could only support the country's production and economy with Gu Mu, Ji Dengkui and others with the support of Premier Zhou. The leaky ship is tottering in the wind and rain.Although for a while Deng Xiaoping's reappearance made him see hope, but soon the "Gang of Four" took advantage of the "Rightist anti-crime style" to blame a greater disaster on the suffering republic.

The smashing of the "Gang of Four" made the generals who wanted to improve the country's economy ecstatic.The physical and mental illnesses that he had worried about for many years disappeared immediately. He wanted to work, and he had to do it as happily as he did in the Daqing Battle. The general is 62 years old this year.And this age is no longer as vigorous as when Mao Zedong appointed him to be a minister of the Ministry of Petroleum, and it is impossible to be as young and vigorous as Mao Zedong's second appointment to appoint him to the "Small Planning Committee".But after hearing that the evildoer was eliminated, the general seemed to have regained the spirit he had back then.More than a year before this, he had been appointed vice premier of the State Council.From 1970 to the autumn of 1976, even though the general was among the "leaders of the party and the state", he had experienced countless ups and downs.There are gratifying things in this: for example, he presided over the first batch of import projects since the severance of cooperative relations with the Soviet Union. export jobs; and so on.He also experienced political events such as the movie "Entrepreneurship" storm.However, looking at the past few years, the general always has a kind of depression of being useless as a hero and the pain of being out of breath politically.This kind of depression and pain traumatized the general physically and mentally, who is known as "fighting and charging" and who likes to do earth-shattering careers.

Now that the "Gang of Four" has collapsed, the general feels that his former glory has been revived, and he has great aspirations to lead another big battle of socialist modernization like the Daqing Battle. At the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1977, the general joined the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and was recommended to continue serving as Vice Premier of the State Council and Director of the State Planning Commission at the Fifth National People's Congress held in the spring of the following year.Two years later, in 1980, when the Central Committee established the Secretariat, the general served as the Secretary of the Secretariat.Such a position, for the common people, is a high official who has ascended to the sky.In fact, the general has indeed started his political career as a core leadership of the party and the country for more than ten years.

But a general is a general. Instead of letting him sit in the office every day in meetings and draw circles on documents, it is better to do something real for the great cause of reform and opening up.This is his character: he can't see the common people, he doesn't feel at ease; it's not a challenging job, he can't enjoy it. The general is such a big official, but he still uses an official car, and the old driver, Master Jia, has always been driving it.Nowadays, in many places, the "Qipin" Zhima officials travel with police cars clearing the way and hustling behind them.This is not the case for an official as big as a general. He never needs this kind of "style" when he usually travels.The special "seat car" is both a guard car and a work car. When necessary, there are four people in the car: one for the general himself, one for the secretary, one for the security staff, and Master Jia who drives.When not needed, just the general and driver Jia.Although Master Jia is ten or twenty years younger than the general, they are like "old brothers", talking about everything in the small square-foot world in the car—except of course, confidentiality.The general likes to go out to chat with ordinary people whenever he is free, and go to grassroots units to investigate private visits.At first, Master Jia advised him that you are old, don't be so tired, and take a rest when you have time.The general immediately put on a straight face: "Communist, how can there be any rest?" Master Jia didn't dare to stop him anymore.It's always unsafe for two "old men" to travel alone, right?The general curled his lips again, and said: "I am worthy of the common people, and I do things for them. How can the common people harm me?" The general's philosophy is very simple, but it reflects a very profound truth.Now Hu Jintao is the general secretary of the Party Central Committee and proposes "government for the people", isn't this the same reasoning!

The generals have grown up, but they are still unambiguous in small matters.What he hates most is those officials who are not very big, but they stretch out their expertise in big and small things.No, he even pays great attention to details like smoking: he is a big smoker, and he is on the level of two or three packs a day.His pockets can never be stuffed full, so his cigarettes would be "out of stock" after a meeting for a long time.At this time, the general would look up at Master Jia who was sitting in a certain corner, and Master Jia would go over quietly and stuff a pack or two of cigarettes. Hospitality smoke".

Li Xiannian once commented on the general: rough but fine, and he is dedicated to the public. The word "for the public" is easy to say, but it is not easy to do, but it is more difficult to be dedicated to the public.Some people can be public for a while, but it is difficult to be public for a lifetime; some people can be public in some easy things, but they cannot be in everything, especially when it involves intricacies and affects their own interests and personal image. can no longer do it. After becoming a party and state leader, there are often problems measuring his quality of life.

When the general was the vice premier and a member of the Politburo, he was ordered to do two things that "offended people"—and this is a major event that must be done by someone to affect the reform of the country and the army. One thing is the institutional reform of the industrial sector under the State Council in the early 1980s. Accumulating the inertia of China's planned economy in the 1950s and 1960s and the cadre problems left over from the Cultural Revolution for more than ten years, the reform and opening up have remained the same, and the phenomenon of overstaffed and overstaffed government agencies in our country is extremely prominent. "Unprofessional" is very serious.There are many, that is, some ministries have as many as 20 ministers and deputy ministers, and some have as few as a dozen.Sometimes a document has not been circulated and circled for a month; the elders, that is, the chief and deputy ministers are all around 60 or 70 years old. When the ministerial meeting was held, a large conference room was surrounded, but none of them could really continue to work normally. Several people.The third is not professional, that is, the educational level is generally low, most of the ministers have only a high school education or less, and they lack professional knowledge, especially modern scientific and technological knowledge.Faced with this situation, Deng Xiaoping raised the significance of streamlining the organization to the level of "a revolution" at the Politburo meeting.He said: "Simplification is a big deal! If this revolution is not carried out, the party and state organizations will continue to be bloated and overlapping, with unclear responsibilities, many people are incompetent and irresponsible, and the work lacks energy, knowledge and efficiency. It is impossible to win the approval of the people, including ourselves and our subordinate cadres. This is indeed an unsustainable state, and it has indeed reached an intolerable level. The people cannot tolerate it, and neither can our party."

In this "revolution" of institutional reform, most of the revolutionaries are old comrades who have made great contributions to the establishment of New China and the construction of New China. Most of them were persecuted by Lin Biao and the "Gang of Four" during the Cultural Revolution, and lost their jobs for many years. Veteran cadres of opportunity. After the "Gang of Four" collapsed, they regained their job opportunities, but now they are required to abdicate to streamline the organization.Many people can't figure it out, and the resistance is naturally extraordinary.Who would do this offending thing?Some "smart people" hid aside, but the general did not hide, and took the initiative to undertake the task of streamlining the ministries he was in charge of.

Difficult!Since it is streamlined, there must be rigid "leverage": age leverage, establishment number leverage, these are the "life" of those old comrades who want to stay in office. For this reason, the general went from one ministry to another; one person after another, he talked to each other; he talked about ministers, deputy ministers, those who remained in office, and then those who resigned; Those who can pass can pass the test, and those who can't make sense finally have to think about it and then pass the test.There are those who scold mothers, those who slap the table, and those who write complaints and letters. Leaders are human too!And everyone is talking to you "in the name of the revolution".The general relies on firstly presenting general principles, secondly, patiently and meticulously persuading and educating, and thirdly, making reasonable and proper arrangements.After 50 days of intensive work, all the industrial departments and institutions in charge of the general were completed, and the new leadership team was approved by the Central Secretariat at one time.General Secretary Hu Yaobang and other leading comrades of the Secretariat were very satisfied with the work of the General, and promoted the experience to other departments, provinces, and municipalities. September 27, 1982.Another autumn day.The general who had taken off his military uniform for 24 years suddenly appeared on the wide playground of the People's Liberation Army General Political Compound on this day.What is surprising is that he is wearing a brand-new military uniform, with the bright red five-star and red cap emblem, shining in the sun.At 9 a.m., facing the 23 green phalanxes standing neatly on the playground, the general stepped onto the parade car, swung his mighty right arm, and saluted the officers and soldiers receiving the parade loudly with piercing eyes: "Comrade!" Hi guys!" Immediately, the officers and soldiers of the 24 green phalanx responded in unison: "Hello, Chief!" "Comrades have worked hard!" "Serve the people!" The loud and high-pitched trumpets and the neat and consistent steps knocked on the ground sonorously and forcefully, indicating that the Chinese army will turn a new page: Yes, Xinhua News Agency borrowed a small but very special military parade to celebrate The whole country and the world announced a major personnel change in our army: General Yu Qiuli returned to the leadership position of the People's Liberation Army, as the director of the General Political Department and the deputy secretary-general of the Central Military Commission. The general was appointed by the central government a week ago.Just like receiving a combat order during the war years, he reported to the army the next day after an absence of 24 years.Due to time constraints, there was no time to make military uniforms. The general walked into the General Political Compound that day wearing a blue Chinese tunic suit that he usually wears. The ten years of the Cultural Revolution, especially the series of problems left to the army by Lin Biao and Zhang Chunqiao (who served as chief political officer for many years), and the political tasks faced by the generals at the beginning of his tenure, such as bringing order out of chaos, eradicating ultra-left ideological trends, and correcting spiritual pollution, are extremely heavy. .Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee and Chairman of the Military Commission Deng Xiaoping, he devoted himself wholeheartedly to the work of reorganizing the army. To be honest, due to the sequelae of the "Cultural Revolution", the impression of the army in this period in the eyes of the common people is not very good.However, those who serve in the army do not work according to their hearts, lack ideals and beliefs, and there are serious problems in their outlook on life such as who they serve as soldiers.The day the general stepped into the barracks again, he deeply felt the great and urgent responsibility he shouldered.Some senior army cadres even kindly said to the general: Comrade Qiuli, the current army is not so easy to catch, you have to be mentally prepared!The implication is that the burden of your general being ordered by Deng Xiaoping to return to the army this time is not as easy as that of Mao Zedong's two generals.The general nodded to this well-meaning old comrade, and then said from the bottom of his heart: Why don't I know?There are many problems left over from the ten years of the Cultural Revolution, and many problems will appear in the new era.How can there be no difficulty in doing work?If I have an advantage as a person, it is that I am not afraid of difficulties, and force myself to use my brain in the face of difficulties and problems, and find ways to overcome them.Isn’t that how my decades of revolutionary career came about?Yes.The general is now going to take another step, and show off his demeanor in a new era and a new battlefield. Since the Nanchang Uprising, the relationship between our army and the common people has always been called "military and civilian fish and water".However, ten years of catastrophe has greatly damaged this relationship.How to restore the "military-civilian fish-water" relationship is an urgent and arduous task assigned by Chairman Deng Xiaoping. The military and civilians build spiritual civilization together!During the investigation of a certain group army stationed in Baoding, the general summarized and proposed an innovation that is a milestone in the construction of our army in the new era.And it is this great innovation that was recognized by the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission as "a good way to establish and develop a new type of military-civilian relationship that embodies the spirit of socialism" and "an important aspect of strengthening the construction of a modern and regular revolutionary army". , so that the military-civilian relationship distorted by Lin Biao and the "Gang of Four" quickly returned to the inseparable fish-water relationship in the war era, and further developed.At the same time, the self-construction of the army has also been promoted and consolidated in this spiritual civilization construction.The unity of the officers and soldiers and the strict management of the army have achieved new levels one after another with the joint efforts of the general and other leading comrades of the Military Commission. Comrades like me who used to be soldiers and now leave the army and thousands of young and middle-aged people who are still working in the front line of the army today, we are all fortunate to have experienced an important event in the history of the army in the new era that has benefited us for life, that is "Military and local talents" activity.The active promoter and main leader of this activity is General Yu Qiuli. Faced with the new scene and new reality of reform and opening up and social development, those of us who were "born in difficult times, grew up in the period of the Cultural Revolution, and served in the period of reform and opening up" have all experienced hesitation and pain. , but we soon gained a spring breeze and a new life. This spring breeze and new life is the launch of the "military and local dual-use talents" activity in the whole army.As soldiers, there is no doubt that our responsibility is to carry our guns and protect our country.But it is impossible for most people to stay in the army all their lives. We need to adapt to new positions and new work challenges. If we want to be a good soldier with peace of mind, we must consider the way out in the future.This is something that is on the minds of all military personnel, their military families and those associated with them in peacetime.The general judged the situation, and in his investigation and research on the front line of the army, he put the army's wartime responsibilities and the practical problems faced by soldiers in peacetime from a higher starting point to view today's army building, so he creatively put forward the "military-local dualism". The scientific concept of building an army with talents has enabled the vast number of officers and soldiers who not only wish to dedicate their youth to protect the country and defend the frontier, but also look forward to a broader battlefield in the future to express their talents in building the four modernizations, have the foundation and skills to make contributions.As for the significance of this far-reaching activity, I only use a few lines to describe it here, which is obviously too brief and light.But I have my own understanding, because for the understanding of a truth, we usually don’t need to pile up many so-called vivid examples or gorgeous words to whitewash it, just like our classic truth of Mao Zedong’s “Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun” Is it not necessary to use "Nanchang Uprising", "Autumn Harvest Uprising" or "Three Great Battles" to explain it?Obviously not. A drop of water can see the sun.The general's concept of "military and local dual-purpose talents" is such a new idea of ​​army building that can see the sun in a drop of water, and its far-reaching significance will be revealed more and more as time goes by in the modernization of our army.Those of us who have been fortunate enough to benefit from it can only fully appreciate its brilliance with a deep pilgrimage of piety. Million-dollar disarmament—this is another thing that the general must do after he assumes the post of chief political officer, and it is extremely "offending".A general downsizing of the military is far more difficult than the downsizing of the government's industrial sector when the general was deputy prime minister. Those laid-off troops are the hearts and minds of generals who are more senior than the generals. Whoever is laid off will not be laid off, and they will often bring out many rotten pieces of history. Can you offend them? If you can't afford it, you have to. The purpose of large-scale disarmament is to meet the needs of military modernization.The abdication of veteran comrades in the army is intended to make the cadres of the army younger. "If this problem is not resolved, we will not be able to pay our bills." Deng Xiaoping, chairman of the Military Commission, made it very clear and serious. Accounts have to be settled.The "account manager" is General Yu Qiuli. Since the shooting of the Nanchang Uprising in 1927, the Chinese People's Liberation Army has gone through a long and glorious journey.In this process, both the living and the sacrificed are engraved on the monuments of Chinese history.Now the general wants to "please" some older comrades from their posts, and let them end their glorious military career.And those old soldiers and old generals who have come from the battlefield are more attached to the army than their lives.Now relying on the word "please" to end the emotions of the soldiers flowing in the blood, it is easier said than done! When the age limit is reached, all will abdicate.This is easy to implement, and you have to accept it if you don't accept it.The trend of the times, obey the laws of nature.But the general has another thing to do, which makes countless old soldiers who "live for the revolution, die for the revolution, and determined to carry the revolution to the end" quit: quitting their posts is already helpless, even Didn't even give us a new uniform?no! The generals are angry!The anger shook the sky! Is a military uniform so important?Naturally important!The generals who are higher and more qualified than the generals say so. We all retreated, and they didn't even give us a military uniform. Isn't it too heartless?Give us a set of new military uniforms, so we can make shrouds after death!Someone said this earnestly at the National People's Congress and the CPPCC meeting with grief and tears. The general's heart is actually the same as that of these veterans who have come through the war.Why did he want to make things so "unfeeling"?But he must carry out the orders of the Military Commission and Chairman Deng Xiaoping: the new military uniforms still cannot be issued. The reason the general stated to the veterans was: military uniform is a sign of the army, a sign that distinguishes soldiers from other personnel.The reform of the new military uniform was originally a part of the modernization and regularization of the army, so only serving soldiers can change to the new uniform.Old comrades have been soldiers all their lives and have worn military uniforms for decades. Now that they leave their posts, they cannot wear new military uniforms, and their feelings cannot be turned around. This is a natural thing.But as long as you think about it carefully, the problem may be figured out.When the military rank system was implemented in the 1950s, many comrades who served in senior leadership positions in the army during the war years, and some were founding fathers, because they did not hold current positions in the army at that time, not only did they not have a rank, let alone a military uniform.What does this mean?Explain that this is not only a tradition of our party and the army, but also a discipline criterion.In addition, we consulted foreign military information, and the same is true for the armies of various countries. Once they leave active service, they no longer wear military uniforms. With such a well-founded and well-founded explanation, most veteran comrades have turned the corner.But some are still accepted.The general had no choice but to salute them and say affectionately: Please. Not so simple.The general dedicated his whole life to the public, but because of this kind of thing, he was let go of the "stab in the back", and he shot fiercely.Even when he was seriously ill and was living in the hospital after retirement, some people went to the sick bed to complain that he hadn't done a good job with the "military uniform".The general was silent for a long time after hearing this.The staff around him couldn't see it, so they said to the general: "It is the decision of the Military Commission not to issue military uniforms to the old comrades. It is unfair for them to complain about you like this. You should explain to everyone." The general shook his head and said: "I It is a matter of course to implement the decision of the Military Commission. Some old comrades have opinions, and I can understand. But I do not regret this work." Ji Er said: "I have been misunderstood and framed. But Chairman Mao said , we must trust the masses and the Party. I added another one myself: we must trust ourselves.” There is a way to be selfless and wide-eyed.This is also the meaning of the general's phrase "believe in yourself". Needless to say: Now that some people become officials, they tend to show some affection for their hometown, which can benefit a lot.This is also human nature, and it is not excessive.But the General was truly relentless in this regard. Since I left my hometown in Ji'an with the Red Army at the age of 15 in 1929, it has been 54 years since I left!In the past 54 years, he has traveled to almost every corner of the country, but never stopped in his hometown. In May 1983, the general held a "military and local dual-use talents" exchange meeting in Jinhua, Zhejiang, which happened to be a few days before returning to Beijing to attend the National People's Congress.Jinhua is very close to Ji'an, and the general finally thought of going back to his hometown to have a look. After more than half a century, who doesn't remember his hometown?Along the way, the general was in high spirits and boasted to his entourage: After arriving in Ji'an, he must invite everyone to eat a few of Ji'an's famous dishes: steamed pork with rice flour, braised dog meat in soy sauce, and sealed wine.However, after arriving at Ji'an's hometown, the general never mentioned it again.why?After the general returned to his hometown, he saw the people in his hometown still wearing patched clothes more than half a century later, the children eating a few pieces of candy he brought as if they were in the New Year, and the peasants in the village who had installed electric lights but were reluctant to turn on the poverty-stricken situation. The general couldn't calm down for a long time. At a symposium with local cadres, someone used his younger brother who is still a farmer to say: "You are such a big official in Beijing, but you have never done anything for your hometown. Everyone says you don't recognize your relatives." The general lowered his head that day and said after a long silence: In principle, I just don't recognize my relatives.When I was the director of the State Planning Commission in the past, comrades from Jiangxi also went to Beijing to ask me to give more projects and funds to Jiangxi. I told them that I am the director of the Planning Commission from all over China, not your Jiangxi Planning Commission director.Now I still think that's true.As long as I am here any day, I cannot exercise my power to do things for my hometown. That time the general only stayed in Ji'an for one day, most of the time was discussing with local party and government cadres how to revitalize Ji'an's economy.Originally, the matter of inviting the entourage to eat "special products" and visiting Jinggang Mountain was not mentioned at all.The poverty in his hometown made the general feel heavy for many days. "He is like this. If you ask him to do things that have something to do with him or his hometown, it's really hard to get to the sky. After he retired from his post, he once asked me to help him with poverty alleviation in his hometown. But When he was in office, he didn’t even give Ji’an a tractor. I even joked that you’ve gone too far. Comrade Qiuli even stared at me and said: It’s better to go too far.” Gu Xiulian, the current vice chairman of the National People’s Congress Comrade said to me with a smile in her office. The General can be really ruthless at times when it comes to himself and his family.But this kind of ruthlessness contains the great love and righteousness of a Communist.Yu Hao is the only son of the general, he can be regarded as our peers.Yu Hao himself said that he had hardly received any love from his father since he was a child - because his father was too busy, and he had very little time to talk to his family.Live in the same small courtyard, but rarely see each other.The general usually goes home at midnight, and by the time he gets up for work the next day, the children have gone to school one by one.Yu Hao said that the whole family went to some park to play together during holidays. Yu Hao said that it seemed that he never had it in his childhood and youth memories.In the 1980s, there was a war on China's southern border.Yu Hao had just transferred from a certain army in Beijing at that time.One day the general saw his son and suddenly asked: What are you doing now?The son replied: I just changed jobs in the army.The general was surprised: It seems that this is the first time he heard about his son becoming a soldier, let alone why his son changed his job?At that time, the war had already started in the south, and the general, who was the chief political officer, became very concerned about his son this time: You can't change jobs, you have to go back to the army!The son was a little annoyed: why?Did you care when I was in the army?Now that I've changed jobs, do you care?The general stared at him: Return to the army, this is an order! Come back!The son is not a coward either, so he turned around and reported to the new army. A few days later, the general met his son again and asked, "Which unit are you in?" The son said: A unit under the General Political Department. The general was immediately displeased: what are you doing there? Son: It was arranged by the organization. The general became angry: what kind of soldier are you?go down! The son had to leave Beijing and went to the Nanjing Military Region. No, get the front-line combat troops! When the general heard that the leaders of the Nanjing Military Region had arranged for his son to serve as a staff officer in a non-front-line combat agency, the general reprimanded him.Reluctantly, the leaders of the military region had no choice but to put Yu Jie to the end—arrange him in the first division and one regiment of a certain army at the forefront.This regiment was created by the general during the Red Army period, and is now carrying out the task of attacking the front line in southern Xinjiang. The battle was extremely fierce.A group of heroic officers and soldiers suffered heavy casualties in the fierce rush to seize the high ground.The general is in the capital, but he can see the battle reports from the front line every day, but he devotes his concern for his son to all the officers and soldiers on the front line. "For the dignity of the country, one must fight bravely and not be afraid of bloodshed." In those days, the general forbade anyone to mention his son's presence at the front. "If you talk about sons, then the hundreds of thousands of frontline commanders and fighters should all be my sons. I care about each of them." The general raised his right hand high in front of the tomb of the unknown soldier on the front line, and greeted the "silently lying there" Sons" salute, muttering a word in my heart: I am proud of you. The son who had been baptized by the flames of war really made the general proud - when Yu Hao returned to his motherland from the smoky southern Xinjiang, he was already a hero with outstanding military exploits.Only then did the general smile, and at this moment people seemed to suddenly realize that his full-length hair had also turned white overnight... Ruthless is not necessarily a hero.The general's feelings are in the bottom of his heart, in the subtleties, in his waving and scolding, in his silence and laughter.Daughter Xiaoyang is the youngest child of his parents and also the jewel in the general's palm.Xiaoyang said that when we were young, my father was fighting in Daqing, and later the Cultural Revolution, and my father was rarely with us in my memory. When I went abroad to study in 1979, I didn’t discuss it with my father before, for fear that he would disagree.Dad is a very traditional old Bolshevik. He hates anything with the word "foreign" the most, especially his own children.When I heard that I was going to Switzerland, my father was silent at first, and then asked what major I was studying.I say finance.Dad actually stood up and said heartily: "Then you learn it well!"It seems to be directing an oil field developer at the lower level: You take that oil field down!Dad is such a person.Although he was born in the old Red Army, he didn't go to much school since he was a child, but he never sticks to the rules, on the contrary, he accepts new things very quickly.Every time I come back from abroad, my father is very happy, and often shows me off in front of outsiders: This is my youngest daughter, who is studying for a master's degree in business abroad!Once Xiaoyang gave his father a large chocolate egg brought back from abroad. At that time, the general was inspecting work in Kunming with General Secretary Hu Yaobang.When the general saw his daughter's gift, he really didn't like it.After watching, he suddenly said: Give this to Yaobang!So I took my daughter, hugged a chocolate egg, and went to see the general secretary.The daughter later went to the Dagang Oilfield with her father.Xiaoyang brought a foreign language document that had just been translated.The general was very pleasantly surprised when he saw it, and asked the secretary to say: Xiaoyang's translated paper, you put it next to my sleeping pillow. "I was very touched at the time. My father was the deputy prime minister at the time, and he had a lot of work to do, but he attached so much importance to a very ordinary translation of mine. I knew it was his paternal love for me..." Xiao When Yang said this, he was a little choked up: "Every time my father came back from other places, he always said: Why are you losing weight again? You have to eat well! Every time before leaving, he always said: Study hard and work hard , and pay attention to your body. He basically said these few words, but I feel that there are thousands of words in them. Every time I go out of the house, I always look back, and every time I can see the white-haired father and My mother stood together at the gate of the yard, waving at me from a distance, and at that moment I couldn't help but burst into tears..." The second daughter, Xiaoxia, may have inherited her father's character. She is quick and quick in doing things, and even a little careless.But as soon as he talked about his father, he immediately had an expression of awe.Her words suddenly became like an erupting volcano: My dad is like a mountain, standing tall and straight; like a sea, it can hold the whole world.He loves people, loves when you are in dire straits, loves when you are in danger, loves when you are in pain and despair.But he usually expresses his love by being strict, scolding, punishing you for higher requirements in work, punishing you for staying awake, staying humble, prudent, and progressive. This passage from my daughter sums it up perfectly. Wang Hong, deputy chief of staff of a certain division of the First Army.He is young and handsome, especially because he has a string of shining titles: he was once the company commander of the "Sixth Company of Hard Bones", a first-class hero, and a master graduate of the first group army combat professional graduate class of the National Defense University.We sat face to face on the shore of the West Lake with the rippling spring breeze.This "Young Marshal in the Army" talked about his own growth experience, blushed slightly, and said: Without the love and care that Director Yu (General Political Director Yu Qiuli—author's note) had for me back then, I, Wang Hong, would not be where I am today. ... Wang Hong's experience is somewhat legendary. When he was serving in the "Hard Bones Sixth Company", he became a battle hero of the whole army because of his outstanding military achievements in the First World War in Southern Xinjiang.But the young man was so proud after returning from the battlefield that he didn't even pay attention to the basic discipline of the soldiers. He was punished for this and demoted to another company.After the general inspected his subordinate troops and found out about this, he specifically talked to him and encouraged him to correctly understand his mistakes and move forward again.The frustrated young man never thought that in his desperate and painful moment, the head of the Military Commission would take time to talk to him in person.When we are grateful, it is the motivation to cheer up.Later, Wang Hong stood up from the place where he fell. In 1998, he led the troops to make military achievements on the front line of flood fighting in Jiujiang, and was commended by Chairman Jiang Zemin of the Military Commission. In the exchange with Wang Hong, I, a young veteran who has been away from the army for more than ten years, saw the hope of the modernization of the Chinese army in the new era.And that day, sitting next to me was a more talented "Zhuge in the Army", his surname was Zhang and his name was Tianfu.Tianfu Tianfu is really talented. At the age of 38, he was the division commander of the group army. In his 40s, he became the chief of staff of the group army.The general admired this "young division commander"-he always called Zhang Tianfu that way.Two generals, one old and one young, have become "year-old friends" in their joint military scientific research.There are two kinds of people that the general likes most in his life: one is the tough one who dares to fight and rush, and is determined to win to the death;Zhang Tianfu is a Confucian general who is good at thinking and insightful. The general likes to talk with this "young commander" all night because such young cadres with modern advanced military knowledge and military awareness are rare in the army.When they were together, they talked about Zhuge Liang's "General Garden", about "Zeng Guofan", about the Gulf War, about the modernization of the Chinese army... but the general did not talk about the position of the "young division commander".So I always thought Zhang Tianfu was wronged: Why didn’t such a good young general play a role in a higher military post and left his post early Study Chinese and foreign military history and all kinds of social science and natural knowledge)? Zhang Tianfu's current situation has further proved to me that the general has never left any distracting thoughts in his heart and the slightest personal likes and dislikes in his behavior.Now, my reportage work about the general is about to close—I know that there is absolutely no problem with a long novel that will surely write a million words.However, I don't do the kind of things that are self-defeating. I put the pen down on one person.His name is Li Ye, and he used to be a secretary of the general.Li Ye is now also the old man I call him "Uncle". Uncle Li Ye is so cute. I am shocked and admired by his love for PetroChina, his sincerity for life, and his contempt for jealousy. On the eve of "May 1st" in 2004.The general’s second and third daughters and I made a special trip from Beijing to the Renqiu Oilfield in Hebei, because we learned in advance that Li Ye was writing a book “Talking About Oil” with several “old oilmen” there.The general's daughters said, when you meet Uncle Li Ye, it's like meeting my father.The implication is: Li Ye is a "little Yu Qiuli" just like him. In the following four days, I was completely immersed in my feelings and appreciation for "Little Yu Qiuli". "Happy, happy! I'm happy to see two babies!" The short and frail Li Ye kept muttering when he saw Xiaoxia and Xiaohong. Love the smile. 李晔1949年在我军南下时参军，后到西南军区。1954年到了将军身边。李晔生性不屈刚阿，开始让他到将军身边当秘书，他不愿。原因是听说将军脾气大，不顺心时会把钢笔甩在桌子上。李晔说自己虽是个“小萝卜头”，但受不了这种气。哪知在不得不“服从组织”之命到将军身边后，一干就是15年——如果不是文化大革命，他还不知要在将军身边干到什么时候。 1994年将军一病不知事后，李晔赴北京看到将军成为躺在床头没有语言、没有知觉的植物人的情形后，他一悲之下从此离开北京，将家搬到胜利油田所在地的那个东营小城，开始了半隐居式的孤独生活。 “不能跟首长说话了，我还留在北京干啥？这样留在北京比死还难受。”李晔对将军的那份情超越了秘书与首长的关系，超越了亲人和友人的关系，用他自己的话说：他是属于将军的，将军的一切就是他的一切。 为这，李晔常常当众恸哭——一个六七十岁的老人、一个怎么着也是省部级身份的高级干部、一个经历了无数苍桑的顶天立地的汉子，他在我这样一位初次见面的晚辈面前，能毫无顾忌地说哭就哭，说怒就怒——我还是生来第一次见这样的人。 李晔哭什么？为何而哭？ 后来我终于知道了：他为将军一生的大起大落而哭，为将军后半生最大的愿望——把胜利油田建成第二个大庆、在全国建十个大庆的夙愿未能实现而哭，为今天中国的石油资源需要越来越多地依靠进口而哭…… 将军也有大起大落？将军也有宏伟的夙愿没实现？这是我初见李晔时内心存有的极大疑惑。 “当然有。”老人告诉我。他拿出一份几年前写给中央领导的信，让我读—— “这样的信，我写过几回。这信中的字字句句，都是我诉说中国石油建设的血和泪……”老人说到处时，一声又一声扼腕长叹，支着拐棍在房间里不断走动起来，带着无限悲愤的激动之情昭然可见。 “每每想起首长，想起他生前想把胜利油田建成第二个大庆和在全国建设十来个大庆的愿望得不到实现时，我经常在半夜被噩梦惊醒，然后嚎啕大哭一场……” 老人开始拭泪，继尔双手伏在膝盖上久久不起，那双瘦削肩膀竟然在不停抽颤。 其情其境，让人心酸不忍。 “六年了，我们几个老家伙行程4万公里，访遍了祖国陆上、海洋所有油气田（台湾除外）。收集各类资料近300多公斤，接触访问了700多位石油职工。其中，深入座谈研讨的石油界的局以上领导干部与资深专家学者就有100多人。为啥？就是为了想把这些年来中国石油事业上的成功与教训向世人作个我们认为的解释。新中国石油事业曾经有过辉煌的自给自足时代，现在我们每年则将近有近一半原油要进口，而且这种趋势越来越严重，这就是我们这些老石油人最忧虑的事。我们是过来人，了解中国的石油工业状况，所以更怀念余秋里、康世恩时代他们留下的中国石油开发思想。用一句比较简单的话说，如果当年余秋里和康世恩他们制定的石油战略思想得到很好的沿续和执行的话，中国的今天更加强大和繁荣。可眼下国家的现代化建设飞速发展，制约我们的经济建设和日常生活的能源问题却越来越突出。大家不都看到现在国家一年比一年用电紧张情况吗？而在能源中石油总是第一位重要的，可现在原油缺口之大令我们更加担忧……”一旁的郑跃舜先生对我解释道。 李晔、郑跃舜和毛华鹤、王福臻四位在石油战线工作了一辈子的老人，他们费尽心血要向国人“聊聊石油”，到底想聊清些什么事呢？ 原来，他们耿耿于怀的还是当年将军和康世恩等老一代石油开拓者和领导者对中国石油的战略思想和后人因种种原因没能实现这种战略意图所带给现实中国石油大量进口的问题。核心问题是像胜利油田这样的好油田到底能不能建成“第二个大庆”和与之延伸出的在“全国建立十来个大庆”符合不符合实际情况的争论上。 让我们来听听李晔他们是怎样“聊”以上那些好似石油问题其实是中国经济建设全局的方向问题的—— 关于把胜利油田建成“第二个大庆”的战略思想，是1984年2月胡耀邦、余秋里明确提出，到1986年1月由康世恩主持正式编制出来，历时近两年。而酝酿与议论这个规划，时间则更久远，并有着更深刻的背景与渊源。 早在20世纪70年代初，按照国务院指示，余秋里、康世恩等人编制石油长远规划和“四五”计划纲要时，就将我国石油与美国石油相比较，提出了两国国土面积与沉积岩面积基本相近，石油储量与产量也应基本相当，即年产四、五亿吨石油（十来个大庆）的设想。1976年10月“四人帮”垮台，1977年5月，中央在大庆油田召开的全国工业学大庆会议上，余秋里与康世恩经反复研究，由康世恩在大会提出“在20世纪末石油工业要建设十来个大庆”的奋斗目标。这个目标当时既符合华国锋有关经济建设要“四个一点”的要求，也符合后来邓小平提出的“发展是硬道理”、“国民生产总值翻两番”的精神。1977年5月，在大庆召开的全国工业学大庆会议期间，时任中共中央主席的华国锋参观大庆油田地质科学展览馆（地宫）。在一幅很大的全国石油地质勘探远景图面前，感慨地说：“我们国家如能搞到十来个大庆该多好！”1977年7月胜利油田会战指挥部的《胜利油田1980年建成一个'大庆'规划汇报提纲》。其中写道：“油田党委集中了广大职工积极响应华主席和党中央号召的心愿，反复研究，决定在1980年提前将胜利油田建成一个大庆式的油田。……1980年建成一个'大庆'的总体规划是以老油田为基础，实现高产稳产，现有资源建成并稳产2000万吨；以济阳、临清两大坳陷为主战场，坚持古潜山、二级带、深层三个勘探方向，新增地质储量20亿吨，新建原油生产能力3000万吨。设想在三年内逐步形成东营、沾化、惠民、临清四大油区，实现5000万吨的目标。”1978年9月14日，党的十一届三中全会前夕，邓小平第三次到大庆视察。他一针见血地提出：“你们要加快找油，加快找气，找到更多的油气田，我们有5亿吨油就好了，搞十来个大庆油田还是很不容易的哩！”从1981年胜利油田打翻身仗以来，搞“一个大庆”的议论又开始热闹起来。其中余秋里起了倡导与鼓动作用。如前所述，他在这几年的讲话与活动中都提过胜利油田的奋斗目标：—— 1981年8月，在胜利，余秋里讲：“胜利现在帐面上有储量11—12亿吨，如果再找到二、三亿吨，加起来就是14—15吨，相当于大庆当年储量的一半。大庆现在每年产5000万吨，你们为什么不能在这几年搞到2500万吨？”（注：胜利油田1985年产油达到2705万吨。）——1983年9月，在胜利，余秋里又讲：“从长远讲，胜利油田搞到40亿吨左右的储量，搞到6000万吨左右的规模，也就是搞个'大庆'或'尼日利亚'，应该是有条件的，是可能的。具体时间、具体范围不说死，作为奋斗方向，应当有这样的雄心壮志，应当提出这样的战略目标。”（注：经专门机构核定，到2000年胜利油田累计探明储量为40亿吨。） 简单的割断历史论事容易片面。关于石油工业的发展更是如此。新中国的石油发展从来就是“摸着石头过河”的过程。“摸不到石头时要小心谨慎，石头摸准了就要快上。”这是将军的经济学思想之一。 1984年2月11日，心系石油事业的将军虽此时身为军委总政治部主任，却仍然时刻想着把胜利油田建成“第二个大庆”的宏愿。他随胡耀邦总书记（其实我猜测，应该是将军“鼓动”胡耀邦更准确些）在结束广西边境度过春节后，经南京直飞黄河入海口的胜利油田。同样满怀一腔“石油情”的胡耀邦同志对胜利油田和中国石油事业倍加关怀。他一到胜利油田就在石油工人中间搞调查研究，听他们讲自己的艰苦奋斗史，向他们打听油田的发展前景。当天晚间，胡耀邦欣然挥笔写下了“一部艰难创业史，百万覆地翻天人”的题词。 胡耀邦同志对胜利油田的了解和熟悉是从将军那儿获得的。还记得本文前面叙述过的，在五十六年代时，他这位住在将军后院的团中央书记时不时经常出现在秦老胡同之景？关于胜利油田能不能建成“第二个大庆”，早在1982年2月的一天，胡耀邦、将军和李晔等人就有过一次认真的谈话（根据李晔录音整理）： 将军：我给你们当个参谋，向总书记汇报一下。……我国960万平方公里，400多万平方公里能够找油，领域大得很。你们胜利油田搞了20年了，应该有经验了。有700平方公里的油田面积，20多亿吨储量。要当个大庆来开发。因为大庆（当时）也只开发800多平方公里，24亿吨储量，…… 胡耀邦：如果我们国家能够搞第二个大庆，那我们80年代就大有希望，这是个重大因素啊！提建设十来个大庆，想是可以这么想嘛，怎么不可以这么想呢？只是当时估计得过于乐观一点。 接着，总书记和将军俩人头挨头地掐着指头算起搞十来个大庆的帐来。 胡耀邦：东北算两个，胜利油田算一个，……九十年代搞它五、六个，六、七个，……如果我们的国家有更多的石油，比如说本世纪能够达到三亿吨，甚至更多一点，那么，我们翻两番就有了更大的物质保证。物质保证的条件很多，但是如果石油能搞到3亿吨，那就是最重要的一个条件。 胡耀邦回过头来问李晔：你们今年想搞到2000万吨？ 李晔答：我们想搞到2050万吨以上。（实际产油2301万吨） 胡耀邦问：你们什么时候搞到3000万吨？什么时候搞到4000万吨？ 李晔答：原来设想，90年搞到30亿吨储量、3000万吨产量。 胡耀邦：（你们）要把搞第二个大庆的方针制定下来。 ... 后来，胡耀邦又给胜利油田题词道：“建成第二个大庆，献给开国四十年”。可惜，开国四十年时，胡耀邦没能继续留在总书记的位子上，而且过早地离开了我们。他的死，在中国政坛上引发了一场不大不小的风波。这多少影响了胜利油田关于建设“第二个大庆”的实施进程。This is something. 但此次总书记在将军的陪同下来胜利油田视察时的情景，则永久地留在胜利人的脑海里。那是少有的一种激情，一种大国领袖的“激情燃烧”：在千人干部大会上，胡耀邦发表了热情洋溢的讲话： 同志们： ... 我对石油工业不很熟悉，也很少看望奋斗在最艰苦的地方、对国家作出了很大贡献的石油工人。如果你们批评我这是犯了官僚主义——总书记嘛，对石油工人不来看一看，我是接受的。但是我们党的政策有一条：既往不咎，过去从宽，不要纠缠历史旧账，团结起来向看前嘛！（热烈鼓掌——现场情景笔者注，下同） 而事实上这两年我也有所改正嘛（全场欢笑）。 从1982年开始，那年5月我第一个是看了大港，8月看了大庆，10月看了中原油田。1983年5月我看了克拉玛依，8月看了长庆。这一次是第六次，来看你们。（热烈鼓掌）这说明什么？说明我还是积极改正错误嘛！（全场欢笑）。 我还有一个心愿，我现在68岁了，只要今后能够走得动，我准备看遍全国的石油基地。（长时间热烈鼓掌） 石油战线上的同志们，是值得看望的。why?至少有两大理由：第一大理由，是石油战线具有光荣的历史……第二大理由，就是石油战线是我们四化建设的先锋…… ... 昨天听了你们汇报，我们几位同志在那里开动脑筋想，你们能不能搞出个第二个大庆？这个话首先不是我讲的，是秋里同志提出来的。（秋里同志插话：对，我讲的。）他讲的嘛！如果说这是向你们“发难”的话，首先不是我，是他呀！（热烈鼓掌） 我们这样的大国，一个大庆就是不行。我们希望有第二个大庆，第三个大庆……几年以前，有的同志说要想办法搞十来个大庆。我觉得如果真的搞十来个大庆，有什么不好？（热烈鼓掌）我们不赞成的只是认为很快就能搞成十来个大庆，那就办不到了，那就是主观主义了，想得太急，想得太快了。那么我们现在只有一个大庆，想找第二个大庆，别处找不到，就首先找到你们了！（热烈鼓掌）你们要首先建成第二个大庆。当然喽，困难是很多的，但条件也有嘛！可能性是存在的！有困难，要克服困难，才是好样的嘛。刚才秋里同志讲的，第一要靠志气。我还想加一条，也是秋里同志讲的，一方面要发扬优良传统，一方面要钻研新的技术。要有新思想、新技术、新办法。过时了的老框框、老思想、老办法，我看不要留恋。今天早上，我的秘书找了一份材料给我，是一个美国人叫华莱士？普拉特写的，叫《找油哲学》。他就提出了这个问题，要反对找油上面的保守思想，是反对老框框。所以，我说第一要有志气，要发扬石油战线上几十年来的优良传统。第二要努力掌握新的本领。如果有这两条，建成第二个大庆是能够实现的。 我提的“第二个大庆”，是有个注解的。大庆现在核实的地质储量是30多亿吨，年产量5000多万吨。我昨天同你们的李晔同志讲，我说你产量达不到5000万吨，但如果地质储量先搞到30亿吨，产量又逐步上去，有一个可观的数目，比其它油田多，那也叫大庆嘛！叫第二个大庆嘛！大庆是老大，你是老二嘛！（热烈鼓掌）…… 最后，我想起了我们的延安呐！我是抗大的学生，你也是抗大的。（秋里点头：我也是抗大的学生。）我们抗大的学生在这里。抗大当时有个校歌，叫“黄河之滨，集合着一群中华民族优秀的子孙。”（胡邦同志高兴地唱起“黄河之滨，集合着一群中华民族优秀的子孙……”将军跟着唱。全场热烈鼓掌，也是很多人跟着唱，情景极其感人。） 你们这时不叫黄河之滨吗？你们这里也是黄河之浜。下面还有几句，我就不唱了。叫“黄河之滨，集合着一群中华民族优秀的子孙。人类的解放，救国的责任，全靠我们自己来担承。”当时是1938年。现在，我就把它换那么几个字：“黄河之滨，集合着一群中华民族优秀的子孙，四化的希望，能源的责任，要靠我们打头阵……”（长时间热烈鼓掌） 胡耀邦最后还有一段话，他深情而又期待地对胜利油田的职工们说：“还有半小时我们就要离开这儿了。总而言之，希望你们要做中华民族优秀的子孙。我祝你们加油干！1989年在天安门上同志见！” 激情澎湃的总书记不曾想到时隔七年后，中国的政坛发生了连他这位总书记都不曾想的一幕。他离开了我们，也离开了石油人，给后人留下了许多遗憾。但胜利油田在他的那曲改编的“抗大歌”鼓舞下，捷报频传，每隔十天半月就涌现出一口千吨高产井—— 1984年2月23日：桩西10井，日产3635吨 1984年3月15日：郑4井，日产1095吨 1984年5月18日：桩古21井，日产2700吨； 1984年5月19日：郑14井，日产1202吨； 1984年5月31日：邵4井，日产1117吨； 1984年7月1日：桩古9井，日产1085吨， 1984年9月12日：桩古15井，日产2023吨； 1984年9月27日：桩古14井，日产1076吨； 1984年12月16日：桩古25井，日产1087吨， ... 真也是神了！如此密集的高产井，大庆不曾有过，中国不曾有过，就是世界上著名的油田也是不多见的。胜利油田的消息传到北京，胡耀邦十分高兴，约将军和康世恩，在中南海自己家里请李晔吃饭。饭后，总书记又委托将军出面主持以中央政治局名义请胜利油田的领导干部吃饭事宜。 3月28日，余秋里以中共政治局名义，在人民大会堂请胜利油田的领导干部吃饭。参加的有王震、姚依林、陈慕华、郝建秀、康世恩、王丙乾、宋平等人。石油部长唐克同志陪同参加。席间，将军说：总书记告诉我，要我代表政治局继续分管石油。王震不愧为沙场老将，指出：在搞第二个大庆问题上，小心有人吹冷风。像这个房子里一吹冷风，我们这些老同志就受不了，就会感冒，就得住医院，弄不好还得送了老命！……不知老将军何所指？其实，这两顿饭吃了些什么，谈了些什么并不重要。而它再明白无误地表达了胡耀邦对胜利油田创建第二个大庆的关切。 后来有人批评“十来个大庆”是典型的“假大空”。李晔等“老石油人”坚持认为要把这事说说清楚：首先是不宜随随便便地就给搞石油的人戴上“假大空”帽子。因为石油工业是极具风险的行业。它的运作比不得其它基本建设项目。比如修建一条公路，建设一个工厂，多少投资，几年工期，达到什么标准，事前大体可以框算清楚。但石油深埋地下，看不见摸不着，一切都只有依靠间接手段来评估、设计、计划与攫取。既是高科技又具高风险。由于条件不同，认识各异，往往为一个地区有油没油，油量多少，投入多少，计划大小而争论不休，反复数年乃至数十年。如果一味谨小慎微，并斥责有前瞻性的设想为“假大空”，那石油行业只好是无所作为、停滞不前了。自批石油“假大空”以来，我们可以举出若干个实例，证明这种批评错了。要知道，提一个偃旗息鼓的计划那就是无所作为，提一个鼓舞人心的计划又被斥为“假大空”。what can we do about it?与其无所作为，无法向国家向人民交待，不如肩负“假大空”的“十字架”前行。真心搞石油的人只有一个“期盼”：让历史与时间来摘掉这顶“假大空”的帽子。 以余秋里、康世恩为首的中国百万石油人、特别是像李晔等一批立志“建设第二个大庆”的石油战线上的栋梁们，在之后的那些年里为实现这一奋斗目标所付出的努力可用悲壮二字来形容。 骂他们是“假大空”者有，说他们“不按科学规律办事”者有——最有力的“证据”是几年前沉没的“渤海二号”最典型。甚至有人借机把过去曾经捧为大庆油田开发经典的“先生产后生活”口号也拿出来批判。 “扯蛋！他们了解当时的情况吗？了解大庆油田的开发建设是在什么情形下进行的吗？”将军火了，虽然他已离开战线多年，但谁想否定大庆、否定大庆精神，他绝对不会答应。 提起这类事，李晔无法平静，他在一番激烈的痛斥丑骂之后，给我这样聊道—— 他们说余秋里同志当年提出“先生产后生活”是