Chapter 3 Chapter 1 Three Milestones, Chinese Characters

If China in the next 20 years of this century is a truly awakened dragon, then the person who awakened this dragon is Deng Xiaoping.The reality of the great changes that have taken place in a short history proves that Deng Xiaoping's theory of taking the road of Chinese-style socialism is the ideological cornerstone for the Chinese nation to rule the world again. If it is said that farmers in Fengyang, Anhui wrote down their names heavily on a land contract and took the first step in the practice of Deng Xiaoping Theory by Chinese farmers, then Yiwu people only spent more than ten years building on a barren yellow land. It is the Chinese peasants who have really used Xiaoping theory to carry out a great revolution that their ancestors have dreamed of for thousands of years but have never been realized. The "mud legs" became the masters of the city proudly, and miraculously turned every piece of crop land that used to only grow grain into a market that produced gold and cash.It sounds like a very ordinary past, but as the same era, how can we not understand the long twists and turns and turbulent waves in its instantaneous history...

Where is Yiwu?Who are the Yiwu people?Yiwu?Weird word, what do you mean?Perhaps a few years ago, a person like me who often traveled around would ask such a question. Yes, even the Yiwu people themselves told me that, ten or twenty years ago, they themselves were unwilling to open their mouths to let outsiders know who they were from Yiwu.That is the name of a place that Yiwu people do not dare to show off. They are replaced by the "Tangtang Gang" who "exchange chicken feathers for sugar" and are looked down upon or spat on.In the past in Jiangnan, there was a saying: "Bitter, not as bitter as the sugar gang who wears a snow cape and goes to thousands of houses on the first day of the new year; rotten, not as rotten as a beggar who stays overnight in a pigpen and begs for food."It is said that Yiwu people, who have been trading sugar for chicken feathers for hundreds of years, completely abandoned the habit of making a living by earning a handful of chicken feathers and pig bones in AD 1986 and 1987 twelve or thirteen years ago. In exchange for a candy load.

Only later did I understand why people in Yiwu today were the first to lift Feng Aiqian up when they heard that I was going to write a new history of Yiwu. Feng Aiqian who appeared in front of me was a very typical southern grandma.She said that she is 59 years old this year, and her business is not too big or small, and now she mainly focuses on participating in the management of "China's small commodity market". "It's busy. There are tens of thousands of stalls and hundreds of thousands of merchants. Every day, there are endless tasks and things you can't finish..." Feng Aiqian handed over her business card. I saw that there were so many jobs: Yiwu Municipal Committee Committee member, vice chairman of the self-employed workers association, deputy director of market security...

"People say that I am the 'No. 1 subject' in China's No. 1 city. This is really not blown out. You outsiders now come to see how lively and amazing our Yiwu market is today, but you can't figure it out. How did we now millionaires and billionaire wives walk here with one step at a time, one kneel and three bows." Feng Aiqian's eyes glistened with tears. "In the past, Yiwu people were famous for being poor. Not to mention farmers in the countryside, even urban households like me who eat commodity grains have a better life." Today, there is no Ming Dynasty." Feng Aiqian, who is already a "millionaire" When talking about the past, I can't help myself.She said that when she was young, she was also a farmer from the countryside. In order to realize her dream of being a "city dweller", she dared to act bravely regardless of others pointing her at the back. cooperative".At that time, Feng Aiqian's life was still in the countryside, but the feeling of "eating commodity food" filled her with a sense of pride and superiority, and she sang endless ditties all day long.However, the poor and remote small town of Yiwu was like a wrecked ship at that time. Within a few years, Feng Aiqian was ordered by her superiors to transfer her household registration to the countryside.In order to support 5 children, relying on the dead wages of her husband who works in a supply and marketing cooperative can not even fill the mouths of the whole family.Feng Aiqian told me very bitterly that once, in order to cook a full meal for her children, she even crossed 6 thresholds without borrowing a single grain of rice.She had to take her son and daughter to work as a temporary family worker under her husband's unit, and she worked for 7 years.Fast-forward to 1979, and the children started to grow up, and it cost money to go to school and get dressed. Feng Aiqian, a mother, couldn't care less about "saving face". Basket is selling all kinds of small commodities, and can earn a few dollars a day.This is too tempting for Feng Aiqian, a smart woman who has no rice to cook.When she excitedly went to the street to apply for "doing business", a person in charge of the street stared at her and shouted: "We are going to catch those speculators, how are you, and you want to cooperate with them!" !" Feng Aiqian was too frightened to enter the door of the Street Management Committee.

But life is still alive. In 1980, Feng Aiqian, who had dreamed of being a "city dweller" for nearly 40 years, finally realized her dream.In order to move her rural household registration to the city, she sold 10 tans of millet at 8 yuan each, for a total of 80 yuan.At night, Feng Aiqian touched the money in her pocket, constantly thinking about "small money becomes big money". "Hey, do you have any money to lend me?" She pushed her sleeping husband to wake him up. "Are... are you thinking about something in the middle of the night?" The honest husband rubbed his eyes and asked, "Why do you want money? Didn't you just sell grain?"

"I want to start a business, and that money is not enough." "What? You want to do business?" The husband seemed to wake up suddenly: "We were still in a meeting this afternoon and said that we would severely crack down on speculation. Didn't you smash the egg on the rock?" "Why not? My whole family needs to eat, who cares?" Feng Aiqian got angry, "Do you have any money to lend me?" "Except for paying all the salary to you, how can I have any money?" The husband is telling the truth.Helpless, Feng Aiqian had no choice but to ask someone to borrow 300 yuan from the credit union.With the capital of 380 yuan, the 40-year-old Feng Aiqian began the arduous journey of doing business.

The initial business was very simple. First, I went to the department store to buy some cheap buttons, shoelaces, pins and so on. These are the necessities of Yiwu's "chicken feathers for sugar".With less input and less output, I set up a stall on the first day, excluding costs and expenses, and made a net profit of more than 6 yuan.Not to mention how happy Feng Aiqian was!She worked as a temporary worker for more than ten years in the past, and her wages were only 90 cents a day, or 27 yuan a month.Now it's 6 yuan a day, and anyone can calculate this account.On the second day, she made a few more yuan by setting up a stall than on the first day. On the third day, Feng Aiqian went home to do some business of the day, ah, she made a total of 22 yuan!

I've made a deal, I've made a deal with this "profiteer"!Feng Aiqian, who has tasted the sweetness, has never been able to accept it since then. She knows that in order to make money, first, she must buy cheaply, and second, she must sell quickly.At that time, there were only two decent markets in Yiwu, one was Choucheng Town Market, and the other was Niansanli Market, the birthplace of "chicken feathers for sugar".The two bazaars coincide with the double number of the lunar calendar and the odd number of the lunar calendar.In order to catch up with these two markets, after Feng Aiqian set up a stall in this market the morning before, she had to drive to other places to buy goods in the afternoon, and she had to go back that night and prepare the goods so that she could catch up with the other day. a bazaar.Not to mention what kind of things a woman would encounter when setting up a stall on the street to do business, but just talking about buying goods from other places, Feng Aiqian said that she would feel like a nightmare when she thought about it now——

"... In the summer of the first year, I went to the Jinhua Department Store to buy goods, begged people to worship Buddha, and finally bought 2,000 paper fans. After taking a sip of water and a grain of food, I was walking along the railway, and suddenly my heart felt stuffy, my eyes stared at gold stars, and I fell on the side of the railway with my burden... Don’t talk about making money, even my life can’t be taken back. At this moment, a kind crossing worker saw me, and he helped me into the hut, and he brought me water and rubbed my waist. Take it easy. When it comes to the difficulties of buying goods from other places, I can really talk about it for a few days and nights. At that time, the policies in various places were not yet open. We self-employed people went to state-owned units to buy goods. A penny will also be stained with "capitalist germs". But after all, many companies have too many backlogs of products, and we are all cash transactions, so our supply can still be resolved. But the return journey is often better than asking for goods at the door It's even more difficult. "Cracking down on speculators" on the railway line is stricter than catching thieves. In order to avoid one after another inspection, we dare not go through the ticket gate of the railway station. We all have to wait for the train to leave the station or slow down at the station. Get on and off the car during the time. You think it’s a woman in her teens, dragging the goods with a basket. Anyone who sees the scene of picking up the car will say that I want money or life! But how do they know, for a family? In order for my children to go to school and have enough to eat, I did this because I wanted money but did not dare to sacrifice my life! One time I jumped out of a car with a load and almost broke my legs. Those of us who go out to the streets to set up stalls and do business are all regarded as "speculators". If you are not careful, you may be caught by those people wearing red armbands from the "City Management Committee", fined money and belongings, and go to school. I The scariest situation in my memory is going out to buy goods and returning to Yiwu. At that time, unlike now, all roads lead to Yiwu, and there is only one railway connecting the outside, so we can only take the train when going out to buy goods. Every time I go back to Yiwu, I see fast In the few minutes when arriving at the station, the goods were thrown from the window of the car into the crop fields or weeds next to the railway, and then people jumped down with the decelerating car. Turn around and pick up the goods again Then run... You ask why you did this? I'm afraid, when every train arrives at the station, there are always several groups of people wearing red armbands, like military police, patrolling the hundreds of meters around the station entrance, and it's okay to catch them You may find it funny to say that, once I jumped out of the car and just put the dropped goods back into the load, when I straightened up, I saw a person wearing a red armband walking towards me, and I was so scared that I dropped it The burden flopped and I fell to the ground. You said that the man wearing the red armband should check it, but this friend just walked around and didn’t leave, which made me lie in the weeds for several hours. It’s hard, now I think about it. to shed tears..."

The upright Feng Aiqian didn't want others to see her cry, she tilted her head up, and her voice was twice as loud: "You said that we worked so hard to bring back some daily necessities for the common people from outside, and set up a stall in the market to exchange a few It is a hard-earned money, but it is said to be the "tail of capitalism", and it must be cut off. At that time, the dense town of Yiwu Chengguan did not have as many people as it does now, and the city area was not so large, but there were tens of thousands of people living in it. We live here. Every day like a guerrilla, we, the people who set up small stalls, move east and west for an hour. Finally, there is an open space near the county party committee and the county government where we can do business. Climate. People from the relevant departments mobilized a lot of people at once, and drove us businessmen and customers who came to buy goods to run around. Sure. But we are ordinary people, we have to eat and live, so what’s wrong with selling needles, threads, and toothpaste pens that every household can’t do without! We, a group of hawkers who set up stalls on Beimen Street, got together Discussion, once discussion, I feel angry. Everyone said sadly, it seems that the people of Alayiwu can only go out and wear snow to be the "knocking sugar gang" forever, and live a hard life of eating hundreds of meals! After hearing this, I also felt It’s so sad, I wonder if my people’s government and the Communist Party are so incapable of understanding the people’s sentiments? No, I must figure it out, and I have to let the officials tell me clearly, whether to let us people have a mouth to eat?

"I made up my mind, so I stayed at the gate of the county party committee for several days. Because I heard that a new county party secretary had just arrived in the county. If I wanted to look for it, I would find the biggest official. Everyone knows that I want to talk to the county party secretary. , all followed me expectantly and fearfully to see what happened. One day, someone told me that the man who was not tall and dressed plainly was the new secretary of the county party committee Xie. I saw him just coming out of the barbershop , so he bravely went up to him and asked: "Are you Secretary Xie?" He looked at me and asked me what I do? I said: "I do business in the market, and I do a small business to support my family. Why does the government force us to have nowhere to stay every day, or use frighteningly high fees to force us to fail?' After I finished these few words, Secretary Xie looked at me with unusual eyes. There was a large group of onlookers standing behind me, and they shook their heads and said, "You come to my office. When the secretary of the county party committee said this, the guys behind me were really frightened, thinking that you, Feng Aiqian, are finished now. If they were not arrested, they would have to be severely criticized. At that time, the Cultural Revolution had just ended a few years ago, and everyone was deeply affected by class struggle. I was also nervous at the time. He was an official of a county. I’m just a common man, and his words might be enough for me to sit in prison forever! But thinking about it again, even if I go to jail, I have to find out from the secretary of the Communist Party: What is wrong with doing business? where? In this way, I followed into Secretary Xie's office.I don't want this Secretary Xie to be loud as soon as he enters the door, saying that you are so noisy at the gate of the county committee.I also got angry when I heard it.Seeing him knock on the table once, I will take two shots on the table.Perhaps it was the first time Secretary Xie saw such an ordinary commoner who dared to get so angry in front of him over the question of whether to set up a stall or not, so he calmed down slowly, gave me a seat and poured water, and Ask me honestly about the lives of the people in Yiwu.As for me, when I saw that such a big parent can calm down and listen to the words of the people, the words that have been suppressed in my heart for many years suddenly opened like water. I said, "Our Yiwu people were poor for generations. Thin.But why can it still live and multiply here?People in Yiwu know how to do business. Don’t underestimate this “chicken feathers for sugar”. Business makes up for the difficulties of every household. More importantly, we Yiwu people are the most daring and willing to endure hardships.Now that other places are opening up, we Yiwu people have no advantages, and we can't learn from others, but people here can do business and can 'exchange chicken feathers for sugar'!If we can bring out the spirit of "chicken feathers for sugar" and the enthusiasm for doing business, I don't believe that Yiwu people are inferior to others.When I said this, Secretary Xie's eyes lit up, and he asked me, do you really think it's okay?I said why not?Then I told me about my small business a while ago, and sometimes I made more money in a day than I earned in the past month. Secretary Xie nodded frequently, and kept walking back and forth in the office.Later, he stood in front of me and said loudly: "Okay, you go back first, let me think about it." ’ I was very happy when I heard it, and just as I went out, I remembered an important matter, so I turned around and asked Secretary Xie: ‘Then can we set up a stall on the street? He waved his hand and said yes, you can do it first.I said worriedly again: "But the market managers chase us every day!" Secretary Xie crossed his hands at his waist and said, "Don't worry, I will call them." 'Meeting with the secretary of the county party committee would have such a happy ending, which I never dreamed of.No wonder when I walked out of the gate of the county party committee, those business friends who were waiting outside to watch the fun rushed over and said, why haven't you been arrested?I smiled and said, "Secretary Xie also poured me tea and handed me cigarettes, how could he arrest me!" 'But what everyone is most concerned about is whether to allow stalls to do business.I said: "Just show it, I have the words of Secretary Xie!" 'Everyone was skeptical, but I knew it in my heart. I picked up the burden and put it on the side of the road as before, and then yelled, and my voice was much clearer and louder than usual this day.When the guys saw that I was really starting the business again without any worries, they set up stalls and shops one after another.No, for a few days in a row we set up stalls to sell goods, and it went smoothly, and no one came to chase us away.And within a few days, the county party committee, in the name of 'Rectifying the Market Leading Group', issued the first "Notice" famous in the history of Yiwu's reform and opening up.This "Notice" was hand-copied, and seven or eight copies were posted on Beimen Street.This is great news for those of us "underground workers" who are doing business. As soon as the "Notice" was posted, the citizens watched from three floors inside and outside. That scene is still unforgettable to me.Within a few days, the number of small merchants and hawkers on the streets of Beimen increased several times, and increased every day, until the whole street was filled with stalls, and more people came here to buy goods and watch the excitement. This is our Dimensions of Yiwu China Small Commodity Market.Now when talking about the events of those years, Yiwu people half-truthfully say that I was the "first person to eat crabs" in Yiwu market.They praised me and said that if you, Feng Aiqian, dared to take the risk of going to jail and be serious with the secretary of the county party committee, the "No. Not to mention it! 'Oh, how dare a mere commoner like me covet the achievements of heaven!To say that Yiwu has what it is today, Secretary Xie, who is in charge of the country, is the most remarkable contribution! ' "Yes, it just so happens that he is also here at this expo, so you must interview him." Feng Aiqian said to me in the first words she recovered from that unforgettable memory. The Secretary Xie she mentioned, whose full name is Xie Gaohua, was the secretary of the Yiwu County Party Committee transferred here in July 1982, and his term of office was until the end of 1984.Xie Gaohua has only been in Yiwu for more than two years, but he is a county leader with the best reputation in Yiwu's history.Because in the minds of more than 600,000 people in Yiwu, they all agreed that it was Secretary Xie Gaohua who overcame the resistance at that time, adapted to the people's will, stood up decisively and smashed the shackles on people's hands and feet, and only then did Yiwu's rapidly developing commodity market and modernization, as well as the affluent life of the people. Xie Gaohua is a monument in the hearts of Yiwu people. When I came to Yiwu, I heard that two years ago, some people raised funds spontaneously to build a marble monument for their Secretary Xie. Later, because Xie Gaohua, who lives in retirement in Quzhou, strongly opposed it, he gave up the project. At the end of October 1998, as a member of the visiting delegation of the Chinese Writers Association, I had the honor to meet and interview Xie Gaohua himself while attending the China Small Commodities Fair in Yiwu City. Xie Gaohua, who is now retiring from office to take care of his life, is much thinner than the legendary figure I imagined. However, when he talked about his political career in Yiwu, he talked endlessly-"I am from Quzhou, Zhejiang, and the situation when I was first transferred to Yiwu I don't know, but I have heard about the tradition of "chicken feathers for sugar" here. When my mother in her 80s heard that I was going to work in Yiwu, she said sadly, son, why do you want to go to a poor place? These words of the old mother left a deep pain in my heart. As the saying goes, one should leave something for the people after serving as an official. Yiwu is a place known for its poverty. What can I do after I go there? Not long after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party was held, there was still serious interference from the 'left' down there, but after I arrived in Yiwu, I felt that the peasants here were very active. Many of them went out to do business and set up stalls on the street. But because the policies at that time were not very clear, the relevant departments generally adopted the "criticism, strike, control, and brake" to these phenomena. class. After she left, I kept thinking about one thing: since Yiwu has a tradition of doing business well, and people can improve their lives from it, why don’t we make the best use of the situation and make the best of the situation? When I put my thoughts to the leaders of the county party committee During the discussion at the team meeting, I didn’t expect most people to be silent. Why? Later I found out that it is precisely because Yiwu has a tradition of “exchanging chicken feathers for sugar” for small businesses since ancient times. During the “Cultural Revolution”, successive The leaders and even the cadres of the communes, brigades, and production teams have been criticized by their superiors all the time. The reason is that even in the most intense years of "criticism of capitalism", Yiwu has never stopped people shaking rattles and secretly going out to "exchange chicken feathers for sugar" for business operations. History, and some brigades, production teams, and even commune cadres led teams out. This was of course a "serious political issue" during the "Cultural Revolution" era, and catching such a model would definitely not lead to good results. But the comrades in Yiwu told me, In Yiwu, the "chicken feathers for sugar" thing is like a wildfire spring breeze. No matter how you fight, ban or drive it away, it just can't break its roots. I asked what is the reason? They only told me one thing: poor In the end, I will naturally have to try to survive! The words of Feng Aiqian and these cadres touched me deeply at the time, and I was determined to conduct a thorough investigation of the business style of "chicken feathers for sugar" that has been suppressed in Yiwu. Whether it should be released or should be released. For this reason, I mobilized a group of cadres from the county government to conduct a comprehensive investigation and listen to opinions from all sides. I personally went to Choucheng, Yidong, Suxi, Fotang, Yiting, etc. I know many villages and towns on the spot. Because I am a newcomer, newspapers and TVs were not available in all counties and cities at that time, and I was the secretary of the county party committee and not many people knew it, so it was easy to get first-hand information. But there were also some As an exception, once a cadre from the Industry and Commerce Bureau went to the countryside with me in a jeep. Those local people involved in business were scared by the "crack down on speculation and turn the office" from the Industry and Commerce Bureau. When they saw us get out of the car They all went out to escape. I joked to the cadre of the Industry and Commerce Bureau: "No, within a year or two, you won'tYou can walk with me, otherwise even I won't be able to get close to a common people! '" Through the investigation, the results of everyone’s summary are: more than 50% of the people think that opening up the business market is no problem and should be vigorously advocated; Four or five people objected.With this investigation basis, Xie Gaohua proposed at the county government meeting: "Yiwu's small commodity business is not a big 'burden', but a big advantage of Yiwu, which should be vigorously advocated and encouraged..." As soon as the words fell, the venue There was a lot of discussion on the Internet, and it was obvious that most people were overjoyed, but some people immediately asked: "But the higher authorities will severely crack down on all kinds of speculative activities. Business activities such as 'chicken feathers for sugar' are clearly speculative and capitalist. We should deal a resolute blow to the tail, and cut off its tail mercilessly!" This is a sensitive issue, but it cannot be avoided.At that time, he was also very excited, but he still suppressed his emotions, and said frankly to everyone in popular language: "I have done "cutting the tail of capitalism" in other counties in the past, but it turned out to be counterproductive and affected the local people With the development of productivity, the people complained. Now our party calls for reform and opening up, and seek truth from facts. Although I have not been in Yiwu for a long time, from the words of the people and the deep feelings of the cadres, I think it is unreasonable to "cut the tail of capitalism". Take our Yiwu people's tradition of "exchanging chicken feathers for sugar" as an example. People celebrate the new year happily, but our Yiwu shopkeepers travel north and south in the ice and snow, day and night, slipping and kicking across the mountains and ridges, going from house to house to use Sugar is exchanged for chicken feathers and chicken gills. After returning home, sell the top-quality chicken feathers to the country to support exports, and use the poor ones directly as fertilizer for the field, and sell the chicken gizzards to pharmaceutical companies to earn a little profit for yourself. Such a business that is beneficial to the country and the people is not good enough. How can it be said to be "capitalism" and cut off as the "tail of capitalism"? I am here to express my position to everyone. From now on, we will work for Yiwu People's "chicken feathers for sugar" rectification, not only is it not allowed to classify this kind of business activities as "capitalism" for criticism, but also vigorously promote and actively encourage it!" The first "Notice" was issued after this meeting , Xie Gaohua urged the people below to come up with it.The Choucheng and Niansanli Small Commodity Markets, which were first opened, went from "underground" to "ground", and Yiwu people began a historic turning point... I noticed that Xie Gaohua's face did not match his actual age, and there were too many vicissitudes, and this may be the unusually resolute side of his character. The lifting of the ban on the Yiwu Small Commodity Market has enabled hundreds of thousands of Yiwu people who are good at management, daring to do things and willing to endure hardships to get rid of the shackles that have been tied to them for many years, and join the ranks of management one after another.A large number of farmers moved from the ridges to the city, some of them started the traditional "chicken feathers for sugar" again with the rattle drum, and more set up stalls on the street to buy goods from other places and return to Yiwu.In particular, some skilled craftsmen are all in action. They re-use the skills handed down from their ancestors to develop traditional processing industries such as sugar making and jujube production.Just as the farmers were happily working hard, the cadres and workers of the state-owned and collective businesses cried out for their suffering, saying that Xie Gaohua's release had messed up the whole of Yiwu. The letter is as many as two sacks.In particular, people from several state-owned commercial units in the city even blocked the gate of the county party committee and asked Xie Gaohua to withdraw the "Notice No. 1". "Are you from a stationery store?" Xie Gaohua glanced around and asked, seeing that there were a few workers in the store under the Commerce Bureau. "That's right." The other party didn't understand what he meant. Xie Gaohua smiled and said: "Let me tell you something that happened a few days ago. It was my personal experience. I ran out of pencils for approving documents that day, so I went to your place to buy pens. I saw a The salesperson was immersed in reading the novel, and she was very excited. I asked her if she had any pencils for sale, but she said no without raising her head. I looked down into the glass cabinet, and there were obviously a lot of the kind of pens I wanted. , Don’t you just say that comrades have pens here? The clerk stood up impatiently, took out a pen and threw it on the counter, without discussing the price, just looked down at her novel... Comrades, let me say this The matter is not made up, do you admit that there is such a thing? But with such a business attitude and service level, how can the operators in the small commodity market not overwhelm you? Let me tell you, you will not change yourself If the state-owned and collective units are overwhelmed and squeezed out by small businessmen, they deserve it!" What the secretary said made those who were just now confident and confident lower their heads with red faces. But the problem is far from that simple. People from other places know that there is a famous specialty product in Zhejiang - Jinhua ham. In fact, the real birthplace of "Jinhua ham" is Yiwu.After Xie Gaohua let the farmers do business and markets, several farmers in Fotang Town, which has traditional crafts, set up a "Tianxin Ham Factory".The news spread that the provincial, prefectural, and county food companies quit. They found the county party committee and insisted on closing the ham factory run by farmers in Fotang Town. The reason was that Jinhua ham had been exclusively operated by the state-owned food company for decades. Not entitled to participate.Xie Gaohua was very angry when he heard this, and said: "Jinhua ham was created by the people of Jinhua, not by the food company. Farmers created ham, so how can they have the right to process ham? As for the quality of private ham processing and the export of products, as long as Guaranteed to meet the relevant requirements, just obey the plan and arrangements above!" "Secretary Xie, what you say is tantamount to indulging farmers to undermine national policies. We cannot agree. If you don't order them to close down, we will go to the province and the central government to sue you!"But they ran into a county party secretary who was never afraid for the benefit of the people. "You can sue as you please, but let me order to shut down the farmers' processing factories, even if they are dismissed, I will not do it!" Xie Gaohua replied firmly. History is such a ruthless judge.We might as well make a hypothesis. If, more than ten years ago, Xie Gaohua had not opened the door for the individual economy and turned the tide with all his strength, would Yiwu be known as the "No. 1 City in China" today?Can it surprise China and the world today? Won't. The 640,000 Yiwu people told me clearly. However, Xie Gaohua, who has gone through vicissitudes and is still living a civilian life today, said: "At that time, there were no specific regulations on opening up and developing the market economy. The proposed ideological line of seeking truth from facts proceeds from the reality of Yiwu, dares to take risks, allows individual economy, and develops the small commodity market. It is due to the spirit of being the first in the world, daring to tell the truth and doing practical things!" Yes, in terms of natural conditions and geographical advantages, Yiwu has nothing to compare with counties and cities in open coastal areas. Even in Zhejiang and Jinhua, Yiwu has no innate advantages over others. He went first on the open road, and walked so valiantly and with high spirits!It's hard to imagine, and it's impossible without enough mental strength and fearless courage. Dare to explore and practice has been the nature of Yiwu people since ancient times.When I set foot on this hot land, I realized that the author of the poem "Goose, goose, goose, singing to the sky, white hair floating on green water, red palms touching the clear waves" was actually from Yiwu. , he is King Luo Bin, known as one of the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty".Back then, King Luo Bin's "Let's see who is in charge of the world in today's domain"'s campaign against Wu shocked the Wu family's court and then became a masterpiece through the ages.Perhaps it is Luo Binwang's unyielding arrogance that makes modern Yiwu outstanding. Chen Wangdao, the first translator of the Chinese version of "Communist Manifesto", a famous linguist, Feng Xuefeng, a revolutionary literary theorist, and Mr. Wu Han, an outstanding historian, are all from Yiwu. When I came to Yiwu for the first time, the whole country commemorated the 20th anniversary of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Deng Xiaoping Theory, as the guiding ideology of the Chinese Communists in the new historical period, has now been written into the party constitution. enshrined in the country's constitution.This is where the hearts of the people and the soul of the country belong.What is the core of Deng Xiaoping Theory?Yes, it is advocating seeking truth from facts and taking the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. What is socialism with Chinese characteristics?What is true socialism?Comrade Deng Xiaoping and his theories have found scientific, accurate and groundbreaking answers to the above questions.Any truth and historical experience needs practice to check.What is valuable about a true philosopher lies in his initial sensitivity and discovery.When history has moved towards the 21st century, we look back and see that Yiwu people took the lead in creating a small commodity market dominated by self-employment more than ten years ago. You will be shocked to find that Feng Aiqian, Xie Gaohua and others, in What a great thing they did!As I write this, I have to write about another person in Yiwu. He is the descendant of King Luo Bin and Feng Zhilai, a descendant of Feng Xuefeng's clan. Feng Zhilai has almost no direct relationship with the current market in Yiwu. From the beginning of Feng Aiqian and his stalls on Chouzhou Beimen Road to the growth of Yiwu's socialist market economy that is blooming everywhere today, Feng Zhilai is just an enthusiastic and calm bystander. Although he also published a monograph "Xingshi Biangu Ji" on the thinking and development of Yiwu market, he is one of the extraordinary figures who first put forward the theory of Chinese-style socialism.Just as the peasant market economy in Yiwu, which is known as "the first city in China" today, is unbelievable to the people of the country, an ordinary commoner, Feng Zhilai, wrote Deng Xiaoping Theory in 1962 more than 30 years ago. Two works, "Semi-Socialism" and "Why", have extremely consistent content. What was the historical stage of China in 1962?It was a special period when extreme "left" thoughts and severe natural disasters were hitting the land of China.The People's Republic has been going through ups and downs and bumps for more than 10 years. Although the people have turned themselves into masters, the body of the country and the hearts of the people have been riddled with scars.What is socialism?Where and how will socialism go?These questions, which seem to have been defined one by one by the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party, have time and time again made those philosophers who are good at thinking and exploring have doubts.A 27-year-old Yiwu youth who grew up in a remote rural area of ​​Zhejiang, where there are no philosophical disputes, only poverty and constant surveillance, wrote the six-character "On Semi-Socialism" under a dim kerosene lamp. ". how?Is there still a half of socialism? Yes, this young man in Yiwu, who had just been stripped of his rightist hat, faced a series of shocking and harsh realities that repeatedly stung the hearts of the people. He shouted loudly: Although "the People's Democratic The path of peace, the eradication of exploitation and poverty, and a prosperous and happy socialist society. After the land reform, we began to gradually realize the socialist industrialization of the country, and gradually realized the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts, and capitalist industry and commerce, so that our country There has been a scene of prosperity and development. But in recent years, after acting in accordance with the set of methods we created, the smile that just hung on the faces of the Chinese people who have suffered a lot of disasters has to sit in its confinement... ..." In one sentence: "China cannot pass capitalism and then enter socialism. This has been demonstrated long ago, but it is impossible for it to enter socialism immediately. Only through a relatively long development stage of semi-socialism can socialism be completed. Construction. This is determined by the state of China's productive forces, which is determined by China's subjective and objective historical conditions, and no one can violate this law of economic development." I saw that the original text of Feng Zhilai's "On Semi-Socialism" was written more than 30 years after he wrote it today.Today is a good age. Today, we Communists have come to an important conclusion after exploring the road of socialism for half a century: our country is only at the primary stage of socialism, and this primary stage still needs a long history.Smart people will naturally find out that when we carefully read the report made by General Secretary Jiang Zemin at the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the resolution on amending the Constitution made by the National People's Congress, do you feel why more than 30 years ago How similar is the theory of "semi-socialism" discussed by Yiwu native Feng Zhilai to the theory of the primary stage of socialism that our party calls today! Yes, in terms of its spiritual essence, Feng Zhilai's concept of "semi-socialism" can be said to be exactly the same as the theory of the primary stage of socialism that we often talk about today.This is why Feng Zhilai is so great.Otherwise, such a small person like him would not have become one of the "two and a half household contract theorists" as Mao Zedong said, and would have been included in the special history of China's rural socialist revolution and construction. More than 30 years ago, Chinese society was in a catastrophic historical period. The Chinese Communists represented by Mao Zedong had many confused and confused theories and practices on what socialism was and how to implement socialism, resulting in social and people's livelihood crisis.It was against this background that Feng Zhilai, a native of Yiwu, began to search for the truth again. He lived at the bottom of society and had a keen sense of the lives of farmers and common people. A deeper and more immediate understanding of the catastrophic consequences ofHe inherited the blood of uprightness from his ancestor King Luo Bin, and learned the courageous spirit of dedicating himself to the truth from his uncle Feng Xuefeng, so he tirelessly cast a shocking film to the party he loved all his life under the difficult conditions unimaginable by ordinary people. Shi's admonishment-"Our party has recently committed the problem of subjectivism and impetuosity. Not only did it implement full-scale cooperatives when the productive forces could not provide complete sets of agricultural machinery for agriculture, but it also used the method of increasing grain purchases to balance farmers' property. means to develop industry, thereby destroying the unity of productive forces and relations of production." So where is the way out? "I think that household contracting is indeed the only way out. Some people think that this is the bourgeois line, the restoration of capitalism, the restoration of the small peasant economy, and going it alone. I say this is a complete posturing to scare people. It is true that contracting to In essence, households work alone and engage in small commodity production. But it is independent work and small commodity production under the dictatorship of the proletariat in the People's Republic of China. It is independent work and small commodity production under the premise of state-owned land. Isn't this the same as feudal society and capitalism? Is the production of small commodities exactly the same in a socialist society? Does anyone see that his father has a nose and think that the person with the nose is his father? "It should be concluded that the only way at present is to implement small commodity production under the scope of socialism, allowing farmers to operate independently, and allowing the traders and handicrafts that serve them to operate independently... This is done entirely from China. At this stage, the starting point of productivity is entirely to mobilize the labor consciousness of farmers, to solve the problem of food and clothing for the 600 million people, to curb the emergence of usury in rural areas and to prevent class differentiation. This is the voice of the 600 million people! The Chinese nation! The voice! It is absolutely necessary to consolidate the worker-peasant alliance and the people's democratic state!" Listen, have the Chinese people heard it? Oh, Yiwu people, I am so proud of you!Imagine that more than 30 years ago, some people stood up and spoke out for your subsequent household contracting and the development of small commodity markets!A wise philosopher always sees others.When excitedly reading the original manuscript of "On Semi-Socialism" written by Feng Zhilai, I thought over and over again, if history allows such a hypothesis-the people of Yiwu used to follow Feng Zhilai's clamor of "contracting production to Households” and engage in small commodity markets, can Yiwu today be compared with Singapore?If Comrade Mao Zedong also listened to Feng Zhilai's outcry, would the later "Cultural Revolution" be avoided?Is the development of China as a whole 10 or 20 times stronger than it is now?However, none of what we assumed happened in real life.But Feng Zhilai, an unyielding and tough guy, did a bookish move, and ended up with decades of hard labor. He also angered Mao Zedong and implicated Feng Xuefeng... One day at the end of April 1962, just a week after the completion of "On Semi-Socialism", Feng Zhilai, full of ambition, took the only 160 yuan salary in his pocket from the Agricultural Bureau and set foot on the train to the north.Of course, he still has the most important thing on him, which is the manuscript of "On Semi-Socialism" written by him after months of painstaking efforts and several revisions.In order to attract the attention of the top decision makers and the public opinion circles, he specially copied three copies, each with a note in front, quoting Wen Tianxiang's famous sentence before his death: "No one in life has died since ancient times, and keep the heart as a reminder." "History", with the ambition of expressing the bone stick in the throat, vomit quickly, regardless of life and death.Two days later, he came to live in a small hotel in Qianmen, Beijing, and then sent the manuscripts to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the "Red Flag" magazine, and the "People's Daily" respectively. "You? A veterinarian talking too much about politics?" At the Petition Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, a young cadre glanced at the manuscript Feng Zhilai handed over with disdain, and then said contemptuously, "Five winds are blowing down below." ', the central government already knows about it, so you go and do your job well, huh?" Feng Zhilai looked at that very naive face with a pretentious face, and his heart suddenly felt unexplainable, but what else could he say?Feng Zhilai didn't know at the time that the "errand runner" of the Petition and Call Section of the General Office of the Central Committee in front of him was Qi Benyu who later became famous during the "Cultural Revolution". After returning to his hometown, Feng Zhilai had been naively expecting that "People's Daily" and "Red Flag" magazines would publish his articles, or send people to ask for opinions, but waiting for dozens of days was like nothing. They are still frantically holding the banner and carrying out the so-called "socialist revolution and construction". What makes him unable to ignore it is that the experience of household contract production in Anhui Province, which he has been enthusiastically concerned about, has also begun to be criticized and disbanded.So after more than two months of no one paying attention to his "On Semi-Socialism", Feng Zhilai couldn't suppress the anxiety in his heart, and challenged the authority with a sharper pen. "This article of mine is to revise and supplement the article "On Semi-Socialism". It is dedicated to comrades in the Communist Party and revolutionaries. So I don't want to hide my views, because they are cowards It is not an honest attitude. For the benefit of the revolution, for the benefit of the country and the nation, I think everyone should stand up and carry a few catties of burdens at difficult times. Any liberal attitude that saves one's life or stands on the sidelines is not a revolution. What the author should have, it has failed the common people in the world and the expectations of the people. For this reason, no matter how this article touches the authority, I hope that comrades will read it patiently..." Feng Zhilai titled this article "What to Do", what should the revolutionary comrades read?We might as well find out the original text and have a look: "How did our current difficulties come about? Where are the mistakes? People often answer with natural disasters and the five winds, but unless you are politically mediocre, it is not difficult to understand that natural disasters are Secondary, the five winds are only five superficial phenomena reflected in social life, and are essentially left-leaning errors... The people demand that each of them is closely related, like the vast ocean, and have decisive significance for the destiny of our country. Correct line and strategy. To this end, we follow the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism and according to the current actual situation... That is to say, first of all, we recognize the imbalance of China's economic development and the long-term nature of socialist reform and socialist construction. For those who really Advanced areas that have increased production and have basically matured the material conditions for collective production should make every effort to consolidate and develop collective management. On the basis of rations, production is contracted to each household. For a small number of extremely poor households who lack labor or are unable to operate independently due to natural and man-made disasters, they can organize another poverty team according to their own will and implement collective management with the support of the state. Even if they voluntarily contract production We should also help them carry out various forms of mutual aid. In this way, we can grasp the advanced areas at one end and the poor and backward ones in the rural areas...Maximum use of manpower and material resources can speed up the recovery of the national economy ..." This time, Feng Zhilai also sent the manuscript in triplicate to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the "Red Flag" magazine, and the "People's Daily". He just thought of a "little cleverness" in order to learn from the last time there was no news: he added " Feng Xuefeng's nephew" is a few words.He knew that the uncle of the same family was a celebrity, and it was easy to attract the attention of relevant people.This trick was really thought up by Feng Zhilai, but the "Great Rightist Feng Xuefeng" had already signed up with Mao Zedong. Later, when Mao Zedong met with the secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, he said harshly that your work in Zhejiang has not improved much, but the theorists who contract production to households have produced "two and a half".Feng Zhilai can be regarded as one of Mao Zedong's words. The later outcome can be imagined. Soon the Central Committee held the Tenth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee. "Never forget class struggle" was put forward at this plenary session. Feng Zhilai was thrown into the 18th hell from then on.Until 1980, he wrote to Hu Yaobang, and finally he was completely rehabilitated in October 1983.At this time, Xie Gaohua, a good official, was serving as the secretary of the county party committee in Yiwu. After reading "On Semi-Socialism" and "What to Do" written by Feng Zhilai, he was full of praise: "This is a talent!" The veterinary post was transferred to the county party committee.A few years later, Feng Zhilai became the head of the Yiwu Economic Research Center until his retirement in 1998.During this period, it was the period when farmers in Yiwu were engaged in joint production contracting, the individual economy was booming, and the small commodity market was gradually forming. What Feng Zhilai never thought of was the "semi-socialist theory" he imagined 30 years ago under the oil lamp in a hut under supervision and control. ", not only like a trickling brook flowing into the great river of Deng Xiaoping Theory, but also in his own hometown, the fathers and villagers have achieved outstanding achievements in the market economy by relying on labor and wisdom. In August and autumn, the high sugar cane is sweet, and the jujube, red, orange and green osmanthus are fragrant. The wind blows the grain and rice, and the sun is shining, and the Mier tower laughs at the sunset. The wheels are rolling for the past few months, and the swallows are soaring one after another. The market is favorable across continents, and magpies attract merchants from all over the world. Facing the thriving scene of the primary stage of socialism, which is full of flowers and full of business, Feng Zhilai, a profound philosopher who has been working for decades, is flourishing in poetry.