Chapter 12 third chapter

The entry of "cost" in "Modern Chinese Dictionary" says that cost generally refers to the material or energy expended to achieve a certain purpose.Liang Yanshun's research on the "price problem" of economic growth has not only consumed material and energy. Since the reform and opening up, it is no exaggeration to describe China's economy as "boosting and making rapid progress".But what Liang Yanshun has to do now is to "consult" the price paid by China's economic development, and it is inevitable that there will be worries about "untimely".

"The pressure is naturally great. I have always followed Teacher Su's words. He said that if you want to do a good job in economic theory, you must proceed from reality, not from principle to principle. As Mao Zedong said, investigation and research are like 'ten Monthly pregnancy'. If you are not pregnant, how can you give birth and the process of childbirth is always full of labor pains. Professor Su is someone who has experienced decades of political turmoil. He often taught me that it is really not easy to pursue the truth. Some people who practice Marxism There are two reasons why it will be shaken. One is that the belief is not firm, and the other is selfishness, knowing that it is wrong, or knowing that it is right, but changing the course because it cannot withstand various pressures. I choose low-cost economic theory research, the purpose is very Clearly, I want us to pay great attention to calculating whether you should use so much fuel when the train is running forward in the era of rapid development, whether you should drive more smoothly, and whether you have paid attention to the safety of the train. In a word, The research cost is to reduce and reduce the cost. Therefore, no matter how great the risks and pressures are, I will continue to do my own theoretical research." Liang Yanshun said, "I am particularly excited that during that time, Comrade Jiang Zemin was in When talking about the relationship between economic construction and population, resources, and environment, I warn people not only to arrange the current development, but also to consider future generations, and never eat the food of the ancestors, cut off the roads of the children and grandchildren, waste resources and pollute first and then treat The way. This passage really relieved my worries!".

This year, Liang Yanshun went to Kunming, the spring city of the southern country, for a meeting, and by the way, conducted a small-scale inspection of Dianchi Lake.Liang Yanshun, who grew up with Mount Tai, looked forward to visiting Kunming and Dianchi Lake for a long time, because he was attracted by a beautiful text praising Dianchi Lake when he was a child, "...Standing on the top of the west mountain next to Dianchi Lake, overlooking Dianchi Lake, the waves are vast and vast. , The vast expanse, just like a bright and crystal pearl inlaid on the plateau, is famous in the world for its outstanding charm." It is Liang Yanshun's childhood dream to feast his eyes on Dianchi Lake.

Coincidentally, the room Liang Yanshun lived in was by the Dianchi Lake.As soon as he entered the room, he pushed open the window, wanting to appreciate the elegant demeanor of the "pearl" of Dianchi Lake.Unexpectedly, it is not the pleasant lake breeze, but the extremely unpleasant smell. Go downstairs and take a closer look. Weeds are overgrown in the water, and all kinds of dirt are floating on the water... This is Dianchi Lake, the "Pearl of the Southern Kingdom" " Liang Yanshun stood by the lake and asked the sky. The sky told him clearly that Mingzhu was indeed graceful and graceful back then, but now she has lost her luster.

Liang Yanshun's heart ached, and he was reticent in meetings for several days. Later, the meeting organizer specially took them to visit Cuihu Lake, which is a stone's throw away from Dianchi Lake. Liang Yanshun was full of thoughts when he heard a touching legend. Since the early 1980s, every winter morning, there is always an old man wandering by the green lake full of traffic.It turned out that the old man spent ten years saving money on food and clothing, and used his meager pension to feed the seagulls flying around on the lake. In 1995, when this group of Siberian white elves flew to Cuihu Lake again, the old man who guarded them passed away unfortunately.The neighbor said that there is nothing valuable in the old man's house, and a few eggs are all the "property" of the old man during his lifetime, and this is what the old man prepared to feed the seagulls with steamed egg buns.

The story of the old man moved Chuncheng. The "Camellia" magazine and the Yunnan "Human and Nature" Foundation issued an obituary by the green lake where the old man used to feed seagulls, informing people and birds that "the old man died of illness on December 20, 1995. 71 years old, a retired worker of the Kunming Chemical Plant...Although the old man passed away, he still sees the seagulls flying, and may the old man be with the seagulls.” The obituary and the photo of the old man feeding the seagulls for the last time were placed by the lake, and many passers-by saw them They all signed the photos. Among them were mothers, old people of the same age as "Seagull Old Man" and children carrying schoolbags.People put the autographed photo of the old man on the lawn, ready to sprinkle food, to represent the old man to feed the seagulls again.Something unexpected happened——a flock of seagulls flew in suddenly, circling and flying around the photo of the old man again and again, singing again and again, and the singing and flying posture were completely different from usual.

Looking closely at the group of birds, they sometimes flap their wings rapidly, and take turns singing over the portrait of the old man, and sometimes lean over the photo of the old man, caressing the photo with their wings, and then hovering and whining in the air...Present All the people shed tears, and people lamented that thousands of birds have spirituality, and good people are rewarded! Liang Yanshun was moved by this story, and he deliberately went to the place where the old man used to feed the seagulls to pay his respects. Standing where the Si people had gone, Liang Yanshun thought of the dirty Dianchi Lake, the dry Yellow River and the flooded Yangtze River... His heart was throbbing.

"I want data. It must be accurate." "Yes, it is best to have examples, exact examples." "No, simple data can't explain the problem, you'd better provide me with the annual statistical table." "Yes, yes, what I want is the information that has been accurately calculated. Of course the government officially announced it!" "..." Liang Yanshun started the complicated and huge work of collecting and counting related data.In those days, when colleagues saw Liang Yanshun in the office, as soon as they stopped their work, they would grab the phone and make contact.Sometimes for a piece of data, he has to make dozens of phone calls to get it.

After all, it is easier to make a phone call, but it is much more difficult to ask for information and verify the data.Although Liang Yanshun has the "gold medal" of working in the Central Party School, after all, it is a tedious job to ask people for information or check the data.A few times, Liang Yanshun rushed to a ministry at noon, and agreed to wait for someone there at what time, but when he got there, there was no one there.Sweating profusely, he had to stay in the reception room and wait and wait for hours.Once, after waiting for nearly three hours, he was about to turn back when someone suddenly grabbed his arm and said, "Oh, Dr. Liang, I'm really sorry, I forgot about you when I was drinking." Hurry up and go upstairs, the materials are in my office!" What can I do about asking for help?Finally, I have to say thank you to people.

Taking the 1995 "China Statistical Yearbook" as an example, among the 546 indicators listed in 19 categories, there are less than 10 negative indicators, and only 3 indicators reflect economic losses and costs. This is caused by the traditional thinking mode and the flaw in the understanding of economics.As a scholar, Liang Yanshun wants to make up for this deficiency for the country and the nation. When he comprehensively evaluates and discusses the information and data collected through all kinds of painstaking efforts, the hardship and anxiety are unimaginable to ordinary people.

The birth process of a new theory is like a volcanic eruption, a glacier activity, or a rock formation.Fission and struggle, rebirth after destruction, negation after negation, several reincarnations, countless subversions, and finally it can be finalized and polished. A real theory is not empty words, it is real.Only in the face of iron-cast facts can new theories be generally accepted and recognized. Liang Yanshun's low-cost growth theory, the first information and first-hand "iron evidence" came from the very cooperative environmental protection department.Statistical analysis of data is a "systematic project". Only the cost caused by environmental pollution and waste of natural resources needs to be analyzed from wastewater discharge, air pollution, solid waste discharge, noise pollution, environmental pollution, forest destruction, grassland destruction, and human-induced natural disasters. Disasters, loss of species, land desertification and reduction, waste of water resources, waste of mineral resources and loss of defective products, etc., can not include a single item, and can not miss a single indicator, especially for those between right and wrong, non- The neutral indicators between and are to be carefully stripped. One can imagine the difficulties and hardships.Walking into his study, the various phone records, study notes and collected materials I saw can be described as "mountains" without exaggeration --- and they are continuous and stacked mountains! Let's just say "direct economic losses caused by wastewater discharge" as a single item.This alone includes four major components, namely economic losses caused by water pollution endangering human health, industrial economic losses caused by water pollution, crop losses caused by water pollution, and losses caused by water pollution to animal husbandry and fishery.Looking at the data again, one is 2.41 billion yuan; the other is 19.28 billion yuan; the other is 13.7 billion yuan; The loss figure caused by a branch: 36.77 billion yuan! There is also an analysis of the social costs brought about by inappropriate economic growth, including the cost analysis of "pornography, gambling, and drugs", the cost analysis of AIDS, the cost analysis of counterfeit and shoddy products, the cost analysis of illegal crimes, and so on. Such statistics, such calculations, such conclusions. item item.piece by piece.Related branches one by one, then horizontal statistics, and then three-dimensional integration... Liang Yanshun's forehead was dripping with sweat.The beads of sweat were both tired and shocked by the data.Liang Yanshun's forehead was not dripping with sweat and rain, and he was afraid of making mistakes, but he couldn't make mistakes. Forget it!Calculate all the economic growth costs of all years in China over the years!That's the only way to be convincing!The country needs such data, and Chinese people need to know how much they have paid for doing so many things. Even if the price is inevitable, they should be aware of it.A businessman who only counts income and has no sense of cost is not a good businessman; if the history of economic development of a country does not have a known cost book, how can it be a complete history of economic development?China's socialist market economy requires such accounts.This is not only a response to the labor of today's people, but also an explanation to future generations. Liang Yanshun continued to dive into the ocean of data and materials... His GY=αGK+βGL-γGP+λ (calculation formula of the low-cost economic growth model) is like a supercomputer with tireless teraflops/second, spinning day and night... The stars are revolving, the sun and the moon are alternating; silence and loneliness accompany, passion and anxiety stay together; bit by bit, bit by bit; turbulent waves, turbulent waves; like rain, the vegetation turns green; like clouds scattered, rocks The cliff is exposed; it is like a rainbow flying, and the clouds are shining... The tide is embracing the mangrove forest with its turbulence. Joy, excitement, grief, pain... Liang Yanshun was full of thoughts.Every data is testing his rationality, demonstrating his point of view, and hitting his heartstrings. He knows that in order to develop, the necessary price cannot be avoided.However, some people build chemical plants in front of ordinary people's homes and discharge toxic sewage arbitrarily, which causes human and animal diseases, and the vegetation does not grow. Is this the price that should be paid? He knew that to develop, the buildings that had to be built required cement and steel.However, some people randomly dug the good state-owned rich mines, and a century-old rich mine was lost in just a few years. Because the mine owner was unwilling to spend hundreds of dollars more on safety facilities, a gas explosion killed dozens of lives in an instant. Shouldn't it be condemned to bid farewell to the world? There are also newly built roads that are "disemboweled" several times a year, as well as idle buildings and museums, and industrial and mining enterprises that occupy a large amount of land due to repeated construction. There is also the proliferation of pornography, gambling and drugs, and the manufacture and sale of counterfeit goods. A counterfeit wine incident in Huize County, Hunan Province killed 36 people. The investment in public security and public security is billions of dollars. There are also special funds for destroying illegal CDs and "cracking down on illegal pornography". There are also man-made mudslides, landslides, desertification of cultivated land, and pollution of rivers and lakes...that's hundreds of dollars. The price of hundreds of millions, hundreds of billions! According to Liang Yanshun's information and his model, due to the existence of costs, the economic growth rate will actually be reduced by a quarter. The price, the heavy price It tells us with hard facts why Comrade Jiang Zemin has repeatedly emphasized that "in the modernization drive, the realization of sustainable development must be taken as a major strategy. Population control, resource conservation, and environmental protection must be placed in an important position. Make population growth adapt to the development of social productive forces, coordinate economic construction with resources and the environment, and realize a virtuous circle”; it also tells us that the new central leadership with Comrade Hu Jintao as the general secretary proposes to “establish and implement scientific How important and far-reaching is the significance of "development concept"! Liang Yanshun told me that according to his model, the economic growth cost of the United States and other Western developed countries is actually much higher than that of China.It can be seen that the problem of the cost of economic growth is already a global problem, and the more developed countries are, the more the problem of the cost becomes more apparent. It's time for human beings to warn themselves thoroughly: an economic model regardless of costs and costs is definitely an imperfect economic model.An economic theory that does not know how to calculate costs and costs is certainly a flawed theory.A nation or country is not a mature nation or country if it does not specify the price it has paid or is paying in its development. "Xixixi, strengthen the foundation and use it frugally, then the sky cannot be poor!" Far away by the long river of history, a man named Xunzi was reading his "Tianlun". Liang Yanshun took the words of the sages and responded: the sky is dark, the land is vast, and the wheels of development of the ancient modern civilization are unstoppable.The strong book has its own theory of thrift.The sky cannot be poor and will not be poor. The important thing is to find a way not to be poor. Liang Yanshun turned his attention to the research topic of how to achieve "low-cost economic growth" after completing the search for cost losses in China's economic growth. "According to your theory, we have paid a huge price of dozens of yuan to create 100 yuan of wealth. How meaningful is this kind of development? What is the value of GDP?" someone said to Liang Yanshun. Liang Yanshun disagreed with this view. "If China does not have the necessary rapid GDP growth, the goals of socialist modernization and building a well-off society in an all-round way will fail. Raising the question of cost does not mean that GDP is not important, let alone deliberately creating artificial factors to drag the express train of the national economy The basic point is that we must consider the cost factor of economic growth while pursuing the GDP index, and realize a low-cost economic growth model that is people-oriented.” "Is this the way to achieve sustainable development?" "Low-cost economic growth is necessary for sustainable development, but it is not enough. This is mathematically necessary but not sufficient." Liang Yanshun's follow-up research is aimed at this problem. On the basis of further in-depth research, he put forward the theory of "two cycles and three growths" of sustainable development in 1999.Liang Yanshun believes that as a new concept, sustainable development has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, but so far no systematic scientific theory has been formed, and there is not enough research on the standards and realization methods of sustainable development.Therefore, he proposed that on the premise of development, no matter which country, nation, or region, there are only two basic conditions for meeting the needs of the present and not causing harm to future generations. One is the recycling of natural resources. and cycle replacement, and the second is the cycle purification of the ecological environment.As for the way to achieve sustainable development, Liang Yanshun summarized it as "three growth models": low-cost economic growth, expansion of natural resources and environmental capacity, and moderate zero population growth. Theory sometimes seems extremely boring, but the value of theory can often generate unparalleled energy. When many people are focusing on the pursuit of GDP, Liang Yanshun bravely proposed that "we must pay attention to the price of economic growth", but when people talk about "sustainable development", they don't really understand how to achieve this "sustainable development". "At that time, his theory of "two cycles and three growths" caught the eyes of the academic circles and practitioners alike.Li Wenhua, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and chairman of the Ecological Society of China, would be overjoyed whenever he talked about this matter. The specific application of purposeful philosophical thought in the analysis of sustainable development issues." Another academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Professor Ma Jianzhang of Northeast Forestry University believes that Liang Yanshun's "three growth" theory "not only has important academic value, but also has important practical value". In 1997, Liang Yanshun's "Low-cost Economic Growth Theory" was well received by experts as a doctoral dissertation, and later won the first prize of the Excellent Academic Achievement Award of the Central Party School of the Communist Party of China from 1995 to 1999 (the first place in the economics category). In 1999, his academic work was published by People's Publishing House.Professor Zhang Zhuoyuan, director of the Institute of Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, made a preface and commented that "this is a groundbreaking academic monograph, which is of great significance to promote the economics community to seriously study the cost of economic growth." Professor Su Xing He never easily evaluates the research results of his students, but this time he made an exception and was invited to write book reviews for "Guangming Daily" and "Extensive Reading" magazines. Discuss the issue of sustainable development. The author examines the heavy price paid by economic growth in the process of industrialization since the 18th century, and believes that theoretical misleading is an important reason for the heavy price paid by economic growth. In order to clarify the problem theoretically, the author studies the , Ricardo to Keynes, until the economic growth theory of contemporary western economists, pointing out their achievements and one-sidedness, and absorbing the reasonable elements (such as the Solow model), thus forming the author's original low-cost economic growth theory", and "groundbreaking". At the Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Party, a resounding voice echoed: Establishing and implementing the scientific development concept of comprehensive development, coordinated development and sustainable development is of great significance for us to better adhere to the strategic thinking that development is the overriding principle. Great significance.Establishing and implementing the scientific outlook on development is a summary of the experience of more than 20 years of reform and opening up practice, an important inspiration from the victory over the SARS epidemic, and an urgent requirement to promote the construction of a well-off society in an all-round way! That day, I was in Hainan, by the sea, beside a mangrove forest. The turbulent sea waves, the coast full of melons and fruits and the fragrance of rice, among them is a mangrove forest that I have been longing to see for a long time—it is really beautiful!It is verdant and upright, although the rushing tide will submerge it, but when the sea recedes, it is still full of vitality and blooms with unique splendor, because its roots are deeply rooted in the land that gave birth to it, and it is unique in its own way. Some textures and abilities make the sea and land coexist harmoniously and live forever. I finally understand why Liang Yanshun always associates his low-cost growth theory with mangroves, and is so passionate about it. (Note: This article was originally published in Guangming Daily on July 9, 2004.)