Chapter 8 Chapter Seven: Red and Black in Private Universities

During the period when I was writing this book, I had already heard a lot about private universities. Some people even said to me: If you write the college entrance examination but not the current situation of private universities, you will miss half of your writing.Is that so?To answer this question, I turn my pen to this other interesting question. On November 23, 1999, when I interviewed Dean Wang Xiulan, the executive vice dean of the famous "Lantian College" in Nanjing happened to be 60 years old.Dean Wang said that she herself did not expect to tie her own destiny with private university education in the second half of her life.Thinking of the past of running the school, Dean Wang Xiulan felt a lot of emotion, and even felt a little "unbearable to look back".

Wang Xiulan had nothing to do with education at first. She was a secretary-general of the Aeronautical Society.As the name suggests, most of the people who hold the post of "Secretary-General" in many mass organizations in China are those who do practical things.The Aeronautical Society that Wang Xiulan works for is a scientific and technological mass organization with many members. Most of her service targets are those scientific and technological personnel who have made a lot of contributions to the country's aerospace industry but are facing many practical problems.As the "Secretary General" of the society, Wang Xiulan has actually become the "big sister" who can solve some worries for these scientific and technological personnel when they encounter difficulties and problems in their lives and work.Because of this, Wang Xiulan is very popular.However, people with good karma often have more difficult things than others.

One day in 1977, the well-behaved Wang Xiulan delayed her appendicitis operation and the treatment of long-term inflammatory stimuli due to business. Later, she went to the hospital for an examination, and the doctor was shocked by the diagnosis: it turned out that she had eight large tumors on her body! "This lesbian is not going to live long!" The doctor said clearly to the leader of her unit. "Let's do everything we can!" The leader of the unit reluctantly ordered the hospital to make a final rescue effort. When Wang Xiulan was more or less conscious, her work unit and family had already started to arrange for her funeral.Wang Xiulan, who was lying on the sickbed, knew that she would soon meet the "King of Hades"—surgery after operation made her little desire to survive indifferent.

This negative state of mind is actually full of unbearable pain and suffering.This negative mentality made Wang Xiulan struggle with the disease for ten years. One day during this process, a couple of members came to the hospital to visit Wang Xiulan.What Wang Xiulan didn't expect was that when the couple met her, didn't they say such useless words as other visitors, such as peace of mind and speedy recovery, but they cried bitterly when they saw her and begged "Secretary-General Wang" to think about it. Find a way to help their two children who failed the college entrance examination.

"We usually have any difficulties, just talk to Secretary-General Wang, and you can help us solve it. We can only find a way out for our children to go to college..." The couple cried and begged Wang Xiulan.It seems that they even forgot that their "Secretary Wang" was already ill, and they just kept crying about their own difficulties.This kind of "topic misplacement" only happens very rarely, that is, the other party takes too much importance on another aspect of the respected person! At that time, Wang Xiulan's heart was indeed deeply shocked: the hearts of the members have been entrusted to us to learn!If my secretary-general does not solve their problems, who will solve their problems?

"Don't worry, don't cry, I will take your children's concerns to heart." Wang Xiulan originally needed comfort from others, but this time she comforted the people who visited her. "Secretary-General Wang, it is too difficult for children to go to college now, can you think of a way to set up a college, so that the children of our scientific and technological personnel who work for the country's scientific and technological work all day long and can't take care of their families can also go to college..." The couple bent down to kneel down to Wang Xiulan who was lying on the sick bed.They were stopped by the skinny hands.

"Don't worry, as long as I, Wang Xiulan, have my breath, I will take care of the college affairs of the children of us members of the Aeronautical Society!" Wang Xiulan is a person who keeps her promises and never promises anything easily, but this time she swore an oath to the couple.The arrangement of the heavens, maybe it was this oath that made Wang Xiulan miraculously return to the world from the god of death.Even she herself still doesn't know how she fully recovered her body for the belief that "the children of members of the society can go to college" after fighting the disease for eight years.

"Our scientific and technological personnel have devoted all their energy and mind to the development of the country for decades, but because they have no time to take care of and guide, their children cannot go to college now, which is unfair. So I want Run a university!" Wang Xiulan pulled out the needle and ran out of the hospital by herself.She went from Nanjing to Beijing alone at the time of the State Education Commission, and she said this when she met the leader of the Self-study Examination Committee of the Education Commission. The officials from the Education Committee and the Examination Committee laughed after hearing this, and said that we have not encountered such a problem as you.But one thing is certain, that is, it is a good way to further strengthen our ongoing self-study exams for higher education through social forces.

Then try from me.Wang Xiulan said. The officials of the Education Commission, who were being warmed by the wind of the "spring of science", met after a meeting and said clearly: We see what works, and it will always be okay to try! In this way, Wang Xiulan, as one of the pioneers of private universities in China, returned to Nanjing from Beijing with a happy face. Taking advantage of the opportunity of summer vacation, she found four retired teachers and built the school building of Guanghuamen Middle School. Self-study junior college class" signboard, began enrollment. Unexpectedly, there was a long queue of parents and students who came to sign up. "No, no, no, we only recruit the children of members of the Aeronautical Society! Others are not recruited, sorry, sorry!" Wang Xiulan did not expect that there would be so many applicants. Her purpose of running the school was very clear and simple—just to Parents of my Aeronautical Society will relieve their worries.

"Anyone who signs up must have a membership card of the Aeronautical Society!" Wang Xiulan said. She still finds the scene funny when she thinks about it now. The famous "Golden Signboard" in Nanjing!Anyone who can have this "golden signboard" can be extremely proud, because it means that there will be a chance for the children who have failed to "go to college" again! "Hey, do you or your relatives and friends have any members of the Aeronautical Society?" A strange topic has appeared on the streets of Nanjing this year. .Because it is such a membership card of a mass organization that has become a "passport" to go to university. This is an interesting event worth recording in the history of Chinese education.

It takes place in Nanjing, which was once the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. This year, Wang Xiulan recruited more than 200 students in the "self-examination junior college class" organized in the name of the society, all of whom were children of members of the Aeronautical Society.Of course, among them were the two children who failed the college entrance examination of the couple who cried and begged Wang Xiulan to run a university. After becoming famous in the first year, the Nanjing Aeronautical Society's "Self-examination College Class" became the only hopeful road for many students and parents who wanted to realize their university dreams but had no way to get started.From the second and third years, Wang Xiulan was under too much pressure to recruit students, so she opened the door that was originally only for the children of the Aeronautics Institute, allowing all social students to sign up.This time, the China Southern Airlines junior college self-examination class is really "hot".By 1993 and 1994, Wang Xiulan had as many as three to four thousand students, and all the primary and secondary schools in the east of Nanjing, guest houses inside and outside the army, and even many idle houses of residents were all taken up by these "college students without a campus".At this moment, Wang Xiulan realized that without her own school name and school building, she could no longer continue to develop and manage this "university without walls", so after a lot of work, the relevant education department approved Wang Xiulan's self-study junior college class It is "Nanjing Aeronautical Society Applied Technology Training College".A sensible person can see that this is a social private college managed by a mass organization, but for Wang Xiulan, it is enough to have such a "college" name that contains the meaning of a university. It's a college, so there should be a school address! Wang Xiulan discussed with several comrades in charge of the school committee, and took out all the money saved from running classes for several years to rent 32 mu of land on Xiaowei Street in the east of Nanjing City, and built a school building with a construction area of ​​more than 15,000 square meters.That place used to be a pond and a garbage dump. In order to "do more with less money" as much as possible, Wang Xiulan led the faculty and staff of the school to complete the difficult journey from a "homeless university" to a fixed school site with the fighting spirit. Unexpectedly, in 1994 and 1995, there was a severe decline in the enrollment of private universities across the country. Many private universities that were once popular and more famous than Wang Xiulan's "Special College" brand closed their doors and suspended their studies. The dragon plate is better than the past."what reason?The simplest one is: the school-running methods and policies that have been "upgraded" to "Nanjing Blue Sky College" are carried out in earnest in accordance with regular universities, from the school's hardware, to teaching materials, teachers and teaching methods, student management, Graduation assignments, academic qualification assessments, and certificate issuance are all formal, orderly, and of high quality and quantity.And all of this is by no means advertised by Wang Xiulan and the "Blue Sky People", but by the inspection and acceptance of the government's education department and the judgment of experts, and by the students who directly receive knowledge to speak. "Blue Sky" has several data that the government's education department has to admire, that is, their graduation rate and the proportion of academic qualifications obtained.It is said that in the 14 or 15 years since the establishment of the "Blue Sky" school, more than 95% of the enrolled students have obtained college and undergraduate diplomas.Needless to say, for those students and parents who want to fulfill their university dreams, "Blue Sky" is the school they want to enroll in based on this alone! Wang Xiulan's "Blue Sky Specialized Training College" has long been known by people. It has always been among the best in the special inspection and evaluation of social education organized by the education department over the years, and is well-known in the same industry in China, and has even attracted many public universities to learn from it. Why did I choose Nanjing's "blue sky" as a typical example of private universities in my country?There is also a reason for this. One day in September 1999, I accidentally saw a news published in the "Beijing Evening News" that a disabled college student named Cheng Yuyun was admitted to a college called "Nanjing Lantian College". One day at the end of November, I made a special trip to Nanjing and met this student who unfortunately lost both arms in a childhood accident. When entering the classroom, the students who had already finished class were all active outside the classroom, and Cheng Yuyun, who had no arms, was alone playing on the computer.For the first time in my life, I saw a scene that surprised me: Cheng Yuyun, who was empty-sleeved, was typing on the computer keyboard with her bare feet, and her typing was not much slower than that of a "semi-professional" writer like me. "Do you think you can be admitted to college?" I asked the very delicate child. "Unbelievable. I know no school would want someone like me, because I know a student who was ugly one year, and several schools dropped him out. I imagined that I would get everything People who rely on their feet will naturally not be wanted!" Cheng Yuyun said. "Are you surprised that 'Blue Sky' accepted you?" "It's too unexpected, and it's more surprising than not admitting me." Cheng Yuyun is a very expressive young man.He said with emotion: "I was maimed by high-voltage electricity when I was in the first grade of elementary school. I would have died if I survived. Because the family's financial situation was not very good, my parents were not very supportive of my studies. I tried my best to finish this year's college entrance examination, and after I got 416 points, which is enough to pass the junior college entrance examination, I was always very nervous. While waiting anxiously, one day I suddenly received the admission notice from Nanjing Lantian College. I was so excited at the time, I ran to tell the whole village, because from that day on I was the only college student in our village, and I It's not easy to be a college student. But what I didn't expect was that when I was elated, my family fell into silence because they were stumped by my admission fee of 6,400 yuan. I understand In the end, it was like being hit by a sap in the head, and the university dream that I wanted to pursue so hard will be blocked by the stumbling block of poverty, maybe I was born to be a miserable person..." The stubborn Cheng Yuyun's eyes were filled with crystal tears. "Just when I was in great pain, one day the teacher of Blue Sky College came to my house to tell me the great news, saying that Dean Wang of the college agreed to waive all my tuition fees. My whole family and I cried when we heard the news. I Unexpectedly, there are really good people in this world who can care for and help people who are disabled and poor like me. After I arrived at school, the teachers and classmates took great care of me, and there is a special nursing team to serve me every day. Principal Wang and all the teachers and classmates who are well-known or not well-known by me will take the initiative to help me whenever they see me. I am living a very happy life now, really, it is the kind of happiness that overflows from the heart." Cheng Yuyun smiled brightly. "Can you keep up with your classmates?" "I can keep up. Except that I am not as good as everyone in taking notes in class, I am not slower than my classmates." Cheng Yuyun said: "My advantage is that my memory is better than others. But in order to make up for the lack of note-taking, I It takes a lot of rest time. But after a few months, my academic performance is no worse than that of my classmates." "Recently he got the first place in the foreign language class!" Cheng Yuyun's teacher came over and boasted. My understanding of Wang Xiulan and her "Blue Sky" University started when I first got to know Cheng Yuyun, a disabled student from a poor family who lost both arms. I got to know a good private university and a group of good school-runners to realize the dream of common people's university. Wang Xiulan, who is now 60 years old, told me with a lot of emotion that it is too difficult to go to a private university in China. She asked me: "Do you believe that I, the person who founded this university, never went to college before retiring?" Get a penny salary?" I can't answer, because I heard people say that running private universities is most likely to make a lot of money. Not only did Wang Xiulan work hard to run a decent university that is famous far and wide, but she didn't even get a penny of salary. Of course it's me. unbelievable. "I haven't received a penny of salary in the past ten years, even though our school has tens of millions in the book. But I spent money, and I used all the money to expand and build the school Spend the money on strengthening management and improving facilities. If you look at our current school buildings and internal hardware, you can see where our money is spent. Why don’t I take the money myself? Because I want to really do not Spending a penny of the country's money to build a decent regular university, do you think our 'Blue Sky' looks like a university now?" certainly.Looking at the ten-storey buildings, all the campus facilities and the smiles on the faces of all the students, I can only affirm it. The journey of Wang Xiulan and her "Blue Sky" University can be said to be the common journey of Chinese private universities. Running private schools seems to be a new thing in today's China.In fact, China is one of the earliest countries to run private schools.Our sage Confucius taught 3,000 disciples, which is a purely folk school.Moreover, judging from the history of world education, there is no country whose education has not started from private schools and then developed into state-run schools.However, ancient China, which has a long history of education, has not advanced a few steps in higher education for thousands of years. It was not until a hundred years ago that the prototype of the university was created by Western missionaries.In the 20th century, after the establishment of the feudal-comprador state system, our big eastern country gradually had universities, and the universities controlled and hosted by the government formed Chinese characteristics and continued until the 1980s.The history of education has opened a new chapter since this era. In 1982, under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, the helm of reform and opening up, there was an unprecedented trend of advocating science and education in China.At that time, the country's long-closed university doors had just been opened for a few years, and hundreds of millions of young people were eager to study, but because the "single-plank bridge" of the college entrance examination was too narrow, they could not satisfy their desire for knowledge and culture.what to do?Ninety-nine percent of the school-age young people in the country are blocked from the university, and China, which has just come out of suffering, is at a historic juncture waiting to be rebuilt.Comrades on the front line are busy with how to tidy up the stalls that have fallen apart. Even if they work around the clock 24 hours a day, they can't keep up with the needs of the development of the situation. "China's education should walk on several legs together, especially universities. Now it is very difficult for children to go to university. This is not good for the country's four modernizations. Learning from Western countries, relying on the society to run some private universities." "Great, we thought of it again! And relying on the society to run education is not only in line with the spirit of the country's constitution, but also in line with Comrade Xiaoping's instructions on accelerating the pace of education reform. We have to hurry up!" One day, two friends, Nie Zhen, then Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of Renmin University of China, and Fan Ruoyu, an old educator, got together and planned a major event that was later written into the history of contemporary Chinese education. "There were private universities in China in the early 20th century, but today we really want to start them again decades later. Without a person who understands teaching and has strong ability to take up this burden, it will definitely not work." "Yeah, who is up to the task?" Nie Zhen and Fan Ruoyu thought deeply... "Yes, she will do it..." Nie Zhen excitedly said excitedly. "Who? Is it Yu Lu Lin?" Fan Ruoyu guessed. "Who else? This matter is due to the female general Lu Lin!" "Okay, I agree. If she comes forward to run China's first private university after the reform and opening up, it will be a success!" Nie Zhen and Fan Ruoyu, two old educators, were very excited, because on this day they did two most important things for the birth of China's private universities. One was to give the school a good name, called "China Social University"; It is for this "Chinese Social University" to find a "good housekeeper" - Yu Lulin. Yu Lulin was one of the main pioneers of the first private university in China and served as the president of the Chinese Society University for 18 years.This is a legendary woman. Her father, Yu Danjiu, was the last batch of candidates in the Chinese imperial examinations. He later studied at Waseda University in Japan and became the director of Chinese government-sponsored Japanese students. He was one of the famous Chinese educators in the 20th century.The legendary career of her daughter Yu Lulin began when she was taken to Yan'an, the Holy Land of Revolution, by her third sister Yu Ruomu, a member of the Communist Party, without telling her parents, at the age of sixteen.Yan'an made the student of Beiping Girls High School embark on a brand new life path.Because of her sister, she obeyed the organization's arrangement and returned to Beiping, where she was a middle school student, to work in the underground party of Tsinghua University and Yenching University.At this stage, she got acquainted with famous scholars such as Wu Han, Qian Weichang, and Zhu Ziqing. At the same time, she was also infected by the teaching ethics of a female teacher at Yenching University, and she began to have a lifelong interest in education. "Little, what do you want to do after liberation?" One day, sister Deng Yingchao, who came to Xibaipo with Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and others, asked Yu Lulin. "I want to engage in education, starting with early childhood education..." Yu Lulin blurted out.Sister Deng looked at Yu Lulin who had become a big girl and a veteran with surprise eyes, and her face overflowed with joy: "Okay, this is a good choice, you are the first among lesbians to engage in early childhood education Volunteers!" In this way, Yu Lulin's educational career started from the establishment of the famous Beijing Beihai Kindergarten.This start has added a pioneering "ruziniu" to the history of education in New China.Yu Lulin was sent by the state to study in the Soviet Union for four years. After returning to China, she was assigned to Beijing Normal University and became the first female director of the Education Department of Beijing Normal University.Just when she was proud and successful in her career, a political catastrophe in the "Cultural Revolution" caused her to not only lose her lover, but also her thriving career because she was labeled a "revisionist spy".After smashing the "Gang of Four", Yu Lulin returned to the army and served as the head of the library of the Military Academy.Under the grand invitation of Nie Zhen and Fan Ruoyu, Yu Lulin, who had dreamed of dedicating her life to education when she was young, this female deputy military cadre who is nearly sixty years old, rekindled her youthful passion... "Okay. I can't do anything else. I'm willing to go for education." Yu Lulin agreed to Nie Zhen's grand invitation.However, because she is an important member of the military academy, she must be approved by the leadership of the academy to work part-time in the local area. Nie Zhen had no choice but to find General Xiao Ke, the president of the Academy of Military Sciences.After lobbying about how Lu Lin works comprehensively, has educational experience and organizational skills, General Xiao Ke waved his hands, laughed and said to Nie Zhen, "I don't know her better than you do? I support the university, and Yu Lulin can spend half of her time at the Military Academy and half of her time running a school with you." happy.Nie Zhen came out from General Xiao Ke and happily told Lu Lin that this time our "Chinese Society University" must be successful. "Principal Yu, take office!" Nie Zhen joked with Yu Lulin, who could have been a female general. They are all comrades-in-arms and old subordinates who have come through the flames of war.Nie Zhen is a veteran revolutionary and educator of our party’s schools. During the Anti-Japanese War, he served as Comrade Bo Yibo’s deputy in the Taiyue base area. After liberation, he was ordered to found Renmin University of China. One day in the summer of 1982, Nie Zhen, Fan Ruoyu, and Yu Lulin, several senior cadres of our party, held a groundbreaking event in the history of the founding of the Chinese Social University in a basement of the Renmin University dormitory at No. 3 Di'anmen East Street, Beijing. The important meeting was attended by 11 people including Nie Zhen and Yu Lulin, and several important decisions were made in the early days of the school. Make key breakthroughs, don't spread out all at once, mature a major, run a major; the second is that the school's top priority is to apply for staffing, and solve the problem of cadres and housing."The initiative of the first task is in the hands of the school administrators, and Yu Lulin and the others started to work immediately, but the second task encountered even high-ranking cadres and veteran revolutionaries such as Nie Zhen and Yu Lulin. A difficult problem—what is the nature of private universities?Who will show it a way to go?This is the most prominent problem that almost all Chinese private universities have not yet resolved. Yu Lulin and the others are no exception. "No matter how difficult it is, you have to run down." Nie Zhen and others liked Yu Lu Lin because they knew that she was never afraid of difficulties. In China in the early 1980s, although the horn of reform and opening up had sounded, many people were still quite conservative, especially on issues such as private universities.In fact, even today, in the eyes of some people, it is still regarded as "illegal" or a type of industry that "must be strictly watched".In their hearts, only the state can run universities, and other forms of "universities" that pop up are "underground" illegal activities, even counterfeiting and fraud. Almost all private universities have experienced such a situation to varying degrees.Regardless of the current team of China Social University (the former deputy director of the State Education Commission Liu Bin is the chairman of the school, the former minister of the Ministry of Coal Gao Yangwen is the chairman of the school development foundation, and the current director of the Vocational and Adult Education Department of the State Education Commission Huang Yao is the deputy director of the school. They are all old revolutionaries and educators, and their official positions are above the military level. Yu Lulin still did not expect that it would be so difficult to run a university in China. "Character.Privately run and privately run, many people regard privately run universities as their own small shops opened by some "vagrants" and as private hawkers. "Apart from wanting to cheat money, who believes that their desperate efforts will be for the cause of China's education?" Yu Lulin, who has been in the revolution for most of her life and died countless times for the republic, has heard people behind her say so about their private university people more than once.It's not that I'm not angry, but what's the use of being angry?It is because there were no private universities in China in the past that everyone misunderstood it. If we can really run the first private university decently, wouldn't that be the best explanation?For the revitalization of the country, it is nothing to be misunderstood personally! When the school first started, the only two hundred yuan was borrowed from Renmin University for the start-up fee.Every time a meeting of leading cadres is held, a temporary place must be found.Up to now, among the residents near the campus of China Social University, there are still rumors that a group of cadres held a "ministerial meeting" under the big locust tree.Yu Lulin, who is nearly 60 years old, lives in Hongshankou in the western suburbs of Beijing. Every time she enters the city, it takes an hour or two.After arriving in the city, she rode a bicycle through the streets and alleys all day long, kowtowed in one yamen, and burned incense in one small temple.When she and her colleagues worked hard to set up a team, recruited the first class of students, and held the first opening ceremony, someone from the higher education administrative department criticized: You are a private school and cannot be called the Chinese Social University. Illegal, you have a lot of problems, you must immediately stop enrollment and teaching. Running schools by social forces is an aboveboard thing written into the country's constitution, so why should it be called illegal?Why are we guilty of worrying about our country?Yu Lulin wrote more than 100,000 words angrily, and wrote a report on running private universities by relying on social forces to Peng Zhen, then chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, in order to get an explanation. President Yu Lulin, who is nearly 80 years old but still goes to work every day, told me: In those days, she and her colleagues spent countless sleepless nights. The historical juncture of our private college students’ survival, everyone and I really feel like we can’t sleep at night. During the day, we have to manage the school and deal with all kinds of unexpected things. At night and on holidays, we start “activities” to win support from all walks of life. Finally, we finally waited for hope... ..." Peng Zhen, chairman of the Standing Committee Yu Lu Lin, commented on the report: "All kinds of social forces should be encouraged to organize various educational undertakings in accordance with the principles and policies of the party and the state. If there are notices from the State Council and regulations in laws, according to letters and materials, these old comrades The co-organized Chinese Society University should be supported.” Not long after, the chairman of the committee specially wrote the school name for “China Society University” in his own hand in order to express his support for private universities. Those who want to find "the signs of class struggle" in every cell should die!However, some people are not reconciled, and still threaten to say: If there is not Yu Lulin, I would have cleaned up the "Chinese Social University" long ago! It is so difficult for a "superior person" like Yu Lulin to run a private university, not to mention how difficult it is for other private universities to survive and develop! But no matter how difficult it is, it will not be difficult for Lu Lin and the others.Although the Chinese Society University is "private", it is run by a group of old educators and revolutionaries with their own "personal resources". They have never equated running a school with seeking personal self-interest. Like joining the revolution, what they pursue is a career, a sense of mission of worrying about the country and the people, and loving the country and the people. "These people in our school all have their own jobs, or senior cadres and professors who have no worries about food and clothing after retirement. Everyone comes to the 'Social University' to contribute to the cause of education. Outsiders don't understand us and think that The purpose of running private universities is to cheat money from students. Over the past ten years since the establishment of the school, what do they ask for? They don’t ask for anything, they just hope to break a new path in China’s higher education, and open up a single-plank bridge for thousands of troops Opening an overpass to let the children go, this is the purpose of us old comrades to set up a 'social university'." During the Spring Festival holiday in 2000, Yu Lulin, the old mother, was the president of a social university in Xicheng District, Beijing. When the office accepted my interview, he took out these hot words. Hard work pays off.In just a few years, China Social University has established its own characteristics.First of all, they grasp the quality of education as the basis, and hire professors, associate professors and experts from famous universities in the capital every year, with more than 300 lecturers.There are so many senior "teachers" teaching classes, which is rare in a large and medium-sized formal national university, but the Chinese Society University has done it, and has persisted until now.Secondly, their curriculum has its own characteristics. It not only takes into account the establishment of basic professional courses like national universities, but also constantly sets up majors for socially practical talents according to the needs of social development.For example, in the middle of the 1980s, they took the lead in opening many majors such as international finance, marketing, hotel management, electronic technology, food nutrition, foreign-related accounting, film art, legal secretarial, and arts and crafts, which were not many in national universities, and became Later, the famous brand and characteristic major that made the National University often come to learn from it.The Chinese Society University has gone through 18 years now. It has developed from a "three-no school" with "no funds, no school buildings, and no teachers" to today's well-known Chinese modern private university at home and abroad. to about 4,000 people.They are preparing to build and increase the hardware of the school, offering more than a dozen disciplines and dozens of majors, providing the society with more than 10,000 graduates with a college degree or above, as well as a large number of short-term trainees and practical talents.The passing rate of their higher education diploma examinations has been above 60% to 70%, ranking among the top private universities in the country.According to the survey, more than 95% of the students who graduated from the school were employed and many of them took up leadership positions in politics, economy, culture, finance and other fronts. Some graduates' personal application ability and comprehensive quality were higher than National University, the school has been rated as "Excellent School by Social Forces" and "Advanced Private Education School" by the Beijing Municipal Government for many years.Principal Yu Lulin was honored as "National Excellent Educator" and "Private Higher Education Entrepreneurship Award" by the Education Commission, and was received and praised by the central leaders. During the interview with China's first private university, I was very surprised to see the well-preserved messages written by previous graduates of the school, and I felt Yu Lulin's "no walls" The charm of the university". The success of Yu Lulin and her Chinese Society University has set a model for private universities in China.Since then, China's universities are no longer a state-run university, and private universities have sprung up in China. By the end of 1997, there were 1,282 private higher education institutions in China, with over 4 million students, almost equal to the number of students in national public universities.The state's policies on private universities have also been formulated in the form of laws and regulations many times, and the sixteen-character policy of "actively encouraging, vigorously supporting, correctly guiding, and strengthening management" has been put forward.The "21st Century Education Revitalization Plan" formulated by the state at the turn of the century clearly stated: "In the next 35 years, a school-running system will basically be formed, with government-run schools as the mainstay, all sectors of society participating, and public schools and private schools developing together." Some people once believed that in China, where higher education is underdeveloped and people are more and more enthusiastic about investing in education, private universities can not only alleviate the eager expectations of many people who want to go to university, but more importantly, they are important for stabilizing the overall situation of the country. will play an immeasurable role.After investigating and inspecting those well-run private universities, I really felt the weight of what this person said. In Xi'an, a president of a private university who has been paying attention to education once made a statistic: Since the mid-1980s, since the college entrance examination has been paid more and more attention, ordinary families and students regard the college entrance examination as the only way to change their identity and destiny. After the "Longmen", among those who failed to enter the university, less than 8% of them lost their ideal pursuits, found a job so-so, and even used their youth to gamble their lives. The proportion of crimes is increasing year by year. high. "In those few years, every year in the ancient city wall of Xi'an, we heard that there were tragedies that children died because they failed the college entrance examination, or they never returned to the ancient city after leaving the house. In particular, I heard that a girl was sent to a family because she failed to enter the university. When working in a travel agency, someone taunted her for failing the exam. This girl was thin-skinned and committed suicide on the path she used to walk when she was a child... After hearing about this incident, I vowed to set up a private school for those children who failed the exam, especially girls. University.” The person who said this actually became the president of a well-known private university in Xi’an, and when we walked into his university campus today, we really did not expect that there would be a university like Harvard University in China. Such a great "Harvard of the East". 在古城西安南郊的翠华山下，一片占地六百余亩的宽阔绿荫里，耸立着一座具有东西方建筑风格的现代化校园，它就是目前拥有全日制学生一万三千多名的西安翻译培训学院。 一万三千名全日制学生是个什么概念？它与中国最高学府北京大学在校生不相上下。看一所学校“香火”旺不旺，首先是在校生数字，这是最硬的“第一指标”！1998年这所民办大学的招生数达六千八百名，高考分数500分以上的就有一千二百余名！西安翻译培训学院的98级学生是北大当年新生人数的近一倍！该数据显示出，西安翻译培训学院招进的学生有相当一部分是原本已经进入“一本”录取线的高分学生哩！ “救助上不起学的穷孩子是希望工程，全社会都应当关注。高考落榜生上不了学，犹如烧了七八十度的水，如果给他们添一把柴，让他们在民办大学里继续深造，他们就可能成为社会主义建设有用的高等技术人才，他们同样是祖国的未来和希望，这就是我梦想实现的'第二希望工程'！”丁祖诒，这位浑身上下散发着力量的西北汉子，在当年团中央刚刚发起“希望工程”这一伟大的公益活动时，他从那些贫困交加山区失学儿童痛苦的脸上，看到了令人心颤的大批大批城市和乡村的高考落榜的大孩子们，丁祖诒觉得城市和乡村的这些过不了“龙门”、从独木桥上落下水，甚至从此被命运“淹死”了的大孩子们更惨，更叫人揪心与焦虑。水至七八十度已开始沸了，加把火就是开水，熄了火就是生水，人才难道不是这个理？我要搞救助高考落榜的“第二希望工程”——丁祖诒从此与一群志同道合的同事，铺筑起一条通向“第二希望工程”的金色大道。 西安翻译培训学院的诞生与它的发展，正是丁祖诒这个帮助千千万万家庭和学子们圆大学梦的中国教育的“第二希望工程”。 “我选择了办翻译培训学院，是因为一方面我身处古都西安这样一个著名旅游城市的缘故，更重要的是我知道圆大学梦对中国的女孩子来说要比男孩子更重要、更不易。封建意识仍然密布在中国百姓思想深处和社会各个细胞里，因此高考对那些落榜的女孩子的打击，无疑是最不可忍受的，她们本来就脆弱的心灵以及细嫩的皮肉怎能饱受严霜与冰雹的摧残？或死，或永远在他人面前低头，或一嫁了断理想，这是人生最痛苦的命运！谁能理解和理会我们的花季少女内心的世界？这就是我为什么要首先选择办翻译培训学院的基本思路。每每看到我现在学校里百分之七十以上的女学生一个个健康美丽、活泼可爱的身影时，我有种比吃蜜还甜、比吻花更醉的感觉……” 能不甜蜜与醉心吗？自“西译”走向北京、上海、广州、深圳的女孩子们几乎无处不有，有位诗人把“西译”学生比喻成中华门户的美丽花朵，因为“西译”女孩的专长不仅是懂外语，“外语十专业十现代化技能”才是“西译”毕业生们真正的特长。 1999年，“西译”的又一次毕业招聘会上，应届的两千多名毕业生，在5月份就被前来上门“要人”的一百六十八家中外“三资”企业一抢而光。丁祖诒和他的同事们再一次高兴地叫了起来：“西译”——中国的“哈佛”！“西译”——中国的不败！ 两千多年前，中国的孔圣人创办了中国的儒学教育，两千多年后的又一批中国人，借助改革开放政策，用短短几年十几年时间，成功地创办了有中国特色的社会主义民办大学！ 几乎没花国家一分钱，就为国家建立起了一千二百八十二所民办大学，培养出近千万各类高级人才，就在人们为这了不起的成就欢呼并祈祷的时候，我们却还常常听到和见到下面这些不该有的情形—— 四川籍学生李小平，1994年高考落榜，后来到了广州打工，在一家私营业主的皮革厂干了两年苦力，别人干一份工作，他李小平干两份活，李小平有个始终扔不掉的念头，那就是他还想上大学。在广州呆了一段时间后，他听说有不少“大学”不用考就能上学，于是他就想干足两年苦力，积蓄一笔可以上得起大学的钱再圆自己的梦。两年苦力干下来，李小平积蓄了一万四千元钱，于是他满怀兴致到一所校门比清华大学的校门还要气派的某某大学报名。李小平走进校门，费了半天劲也没有找到哪间房子是“招生办”，转了半天才在一块挂着“校长办”的房间里打听到原来“招生办”就在“校长办”里面，整个“招生办”连人带设施就那么一张桌子和一个工作人员。 “带来了没有？”那工作人员倒是蛮客气的，见面就问。 李小平第一次跨进“大学门”，内心充满了诚惶诚恐，一听便赶紧把口袋的证明材料包括他两年前参加高考的分数单拿出来交给那位招生“老师”。 “这些有啥用？我是问你钱带来了没有？”对方有些不耐烦了。 李小平一下明白过来，便手忙脚乱地从口袋里掏出钱来。 “一学期九千八百元学费，加上住宿费四千元，先交一万三千元。” 我的妈呀，一万三千元呀！李小平当时手都有些抖了。交完学费后他口袋里就剩一千元了。上了大学吃饭怎么办？ “拿着，这是课本和校徽。” 李小平接过几样东西，觉得好像还应该有什么似的。可那个招生“老师”就再也没有理睬他，说了“往前面的拐角处有栋平房，第三间就是新生的宿舍”后，便开始埋头点钱。 “学生宿舍”找到了，进去一看，李小平感觉与自己以往打工住的地方比好不了多少。八个人一间，除了一张硬板床和一个脸盆外，什么都没有。反正是打工出身的，李小平心想，别的同学能凑合，我也可以对付。趁着老同学们还没下课回来，李小平便迫不及待地取出那枚闪闪发光的校徽别在了胸前。那一阵，李小平好激动，眼泪都流了出来，因为从此他也成为一名大学生了！ 傍晚，同宿舍的同学们开始拿他取笑：“哈哈哈，又一个受骗者光荣地加入了我们的行列。” “怎么是受骗？我不是，我是交足了学费的，学校也给我正式注册和发校徽的嘛！”李小平分辨道。 哈哈哈……宿舍里又一阵狂笑。“你是交费了，而且交的比我们还要多，但……以后你自己会明白的。”同学们不想跟他多说，因为那个像监工似的“导育老师”又出现在他们的宿舍门口…… 开始正式进入了上课阶段。李小平学的是企业管理专业，但第一次上课他就感觉很不舒服：那教室倒是大得很，但就是太不像教室了，二十几个学生在里面仅仅占了一个角边，其余的都空着。下课后他悄悄问同学这是教室吗？同学告诉他，这间房子原来是屠宰场的一个主操作间。 什么什么，我们在屠宰场上课？ 这有什么奇怪的？我听说另外一所“大学”的教室就设在一个“收容三陪女”的收容所哩！ 李小平真的感觉自己被骗了。不行，我要退学！ 想退学？才上几天就想退学？可以嘛，但学费是不能退的。 Why? 这是有规定的，噢，你想进就进，你想退就想退？这还叫上大学吗？ 可你……你们这儿像大学吗？ 哎，你说大学是什么样呀？你给大家说说你进过的大学是什么样呀？我们倒想听听，你说呀！ 李小平被“老师”问傻了，是啊，大学是什么样？他回答不上来了……反正我要退学。 退吧，你签字后我们就给你办。还是一句话：钱是不能退的！ 无奈，因为钱不能退，所以李小平的“大学”最后也没有退。他心想，反正自己上大学是来混个文凭的，混吧，混到毕业再说。 但李小平最后还是没有“混”到预期的三年学制，因为第三年开学学校又让交一万多元学费及其它费用时，债台高筑的李小平已经再也没有力量了。看到不少同班同学能办“提前毕业”手续，李小平也找到校方。 “老师”对他说：“可以办，但得把最后一年的费用交了。” 身无分文的李小平急了：“我就是因为没有钱才要求提前毕业的，哪交得起那么多钱嘛！” “交不起钱，你叫我们怎么给你办毕业手续？总还得正规点吧！” 正规？李小平不无讥笑起来。 what's so funny?你以为办个毕业证能那么随便？ “老师”一脸严肃相，回头到“校长办公室”叽叽咕咕一阵后，对李小平说：经过“特许”，你可以交一半的费用，我们就给你办毕业证书。 李小平回到宿舍一琢磨：比起再白白浪费一年时间和一万多元钱来，这一招还是多少占点便宜。好吧，就这么着。第二天开始，李小平用了一个星期时间，到同来广州打工的四川老乡那儿借了五千元钱，换回了一张某某大学的“毕业证书”。 有了“大学毕业文凭”的李小平自以为可以趾高气扬堤煳加那些高薪单位招聘了。他哪想到他的“文凭”证书原来一文不值。 “这是什么大学？听都没有听说过。不要不要！” “是民办大学的吧？不要。我们招的都是要正规大学的。” “啥破文凭，连擦屁股纸都不如。嘻嘻……” 一次又一次招聘现场，李小平被人一次又一次地嘲讽与讥笑，每当被人嘲讽，他的那只拿“某某大学”毕业证书的手就剧烈地抖动。 终于有一天，李小平在参加一场招聘会后颓废地在地上大哭起来，发疯似地把那张他曾经引以为自豪的“大学毕业证书”撕得粉碎，然后他擦干眼泪，飞步冲到那个骗走了他两万多元血汗钱，又浪费了他两年多光阴的“某某大学”，抡起一根铁棍，将“校长办公室”砸了个稀巴烂。后来李小平被关进当地派出所，那间又潮湿又灰暗的小屋，彻底地粉碎了他心中的大学梦…… 王心田是个老实巴交的工薪阶层，四十来岁时妻子才生下宝贝女儿丹丹。可是丹丹所在的城市没有一个像样的好学校。丹丹从小娇生惯养，根本没有把上学读书放在眼里，稀里糊涂上完了高中。那年高考的分数下来，丹丹的分数不到400分。不用说，大学的门与丹丹无缘。老王着急呀，赶紧给找工作吧，托张三李四，好不容易在一家百货商场找了个售货员差使。丹丹一听就摇头，说我才不去呢。老王瞪眼问，哪你想干什么呀？女儿回答说，我想当模特，每天可以穿新衣服，而且钱还拿得多。看你疯吧！老王气不打一处来，又给女儿到处奔波了几家单位，人家回答得很干脆，我们只招收大学毕业生。这事对老王触动很大，看来，孩子不上大学，以后的饭碗都成问题呀！ “丹丹，我看你还是去上大学的好，要不今后连口饭都吃不上的。”回家后，老王对女儿说。 “让我到复读班去再上高三？”丹丹把把头摇得像拨浪鼓：“不去不去！” “不去你就死在家里！”老王从没跟宝贝女儿发过这么大的火，这回他是真急了，眼看着不大不小的黄花闺女整天呆在家里游手好闲，他老王只怨自己没长本事，若像人家有权有势的啥局长、厂长的，哪有为儿女工作的事愁过的？ 有一天，老王在大街上正琢磨着丹丹的事，突然有人塞过一张印得很漂亮的纸。走累的他顺手拿起那张纸想垫屁股用，蓦然那张纸上的一行大字勾住了老王的眼睛： ×××大学不用考试先入学 国家承认文凭保你工作好找 有这样的好事？ !老王以为自己的眼睛花了，不对呀，这“招生简章”上是这么说的呀！老王看完那张×××大学的招生简章，飞步回家将这“天上掉下”的喜讯告诉了丹丹和她妈。 就这样，尽管丹丹内心不怎么情愿上学，但还是遂了老爹的心愿到了相距老家百里之外的某市的×××大学报了到。 那个学校不算小，老王第一次进挂有巨幅标牌的大学门，也头一回见在行人熙熙攘攘的马路边上，一对学生竟然旁若无人地搂在一起亲嘴。 “我就要看嘛！”老王想把丹丹赶紧拉开，宝贝女儿竟然嘻嘻哈哈地要看热闹。 老王把丹丹送进这所“大学”后，心头一直抹不掉那对旁若无人地搂在一起亲嘴的身影。联想到女儿丹丹的疯劲，他越想越后悔。头几个星期，老王每逢周五就乘车去一趟学校，看看丹丹有没有变坏。后来，他的多疑连丹丹都烦了，知道老爸来了也有意躲着不见。没法，女儿是上了大学，可老王却像丢了魂似的整天坐立不安。 更让老王不放心的是，在放暑假时，丹丹一个电话，说跟一位家在哈尔滨的男同学上东北去消暑旅游不回自个儿家了。 “喂！喂喂！”老王还没有顾上说一句话，可气的女儿就把电话挂了。 假期很快过去了，新学年又将开始。老王正准备给女儿送学费时，突然电话里响起丹丹的哭声…… 当晚，老王火速赶到学校。当看到自己的女儿躺在乱七八糟的宿舍里一副泣不成声的模样，又从一个女同学那儿得知丹丹丢人的事，老王火冒三丈地找到学校校长。 “你们是什么学校呀？我们把孩子交给了你们，可你们倒好，男生跟女生同住在一个宿舍你们也不管，现在出了事你们得负责！”老王把愤怒的唾沫都喷到了那个粉头油面的校长脸上。 “什么什么，我们还没有追究你家长的责任，你倒好，竟然把屎盆扣在我们头上！老实告诉你，根据我们学校的章程，你女儿的越规行为，是要开除学籍的！” “你凭什么？” “就凭她在学习期间与男同学发生性关系，并且导致堕胎的严重事件！” “好，你开除好了！我去告你这个狗日的学校！” 丹丹真的被学校开除了。老王也真的到市里去告了这个学校。但有固炜门告诉他并且埋怨道：谁让你把好端端的孩子送到一所不正规的民办大学？ What?民办大学不也是大学嘛，难道他们就没人管了？ 管是有人管，可他们毕竟不是正式大学，管理上的缺陷是难免的，我们想管也管不过来呀。 老王赔了金钱又赔女儿，最后落了个水中揽月一场空。他气得逢人便说：“老子以后的百代孙子再也不上这类糊粥大学！” 肖杰老师原来在贵州一个偏僻的专科学院当助教，因为他太渴望大都市的生活与时潮，所以被沿海某市的一所民办大学招聘录用为教师。在录用时学校说得很好听，住房、户口甚至将来爱人的工作关系都“统统可以解决”。于是，肖杰一纸文书辞掉了原先的铁饭碗，只身来到某市的这所民办大学。 起初的感觉是很好：美丽的海滩，高高的楼群，宽阔的马路，时髦风流的女人……总之，比起那个又穷又偏远的贵州小山城，肖杰觉得有种一步登天的感觉。 教学工作很紧张，每个教师每天的课完全是超负荷的安排。 “我们的待遇是以效率来计算的，每人必须每天上足八至十课时的课程，才能拿到基本待遇。”老教师悄悄透露给他听。 肖杰对此没有疑义，但每天上完课后的感觉是连吃饭的力气都没多少了。给大学生教书可不能像为小学生上课一样，得给大家思考和探索的空间呀！ 教研组会议上，组长这样回答肖杰的看法：不错，我们都给大学生上过课，但那是在公办大学，你现在干的是民办学校。本来应该是三个教师的课，在这儿绝对只能一人来承担，这叫“效益”，懂吗？ 后来几个月，肖杰荣升为班主任，看到学校公布的“学期教学计划”上有一串长长的选修课目，他便开始为学生们张罗起来；以便给广大学子们更多一些知识。但当他辛辛苦苦筹备齐全，准备开“选修”课时，教务处处长把他叫到办公室责问道：谁让你擅自增设教学内容的？ 肖杰摇摇头，没有啊！ 哪你在忙什么？ 我给学生们安排“选修课”呀！ Nonsense!什么“选修必修”，这儿只开能够对付得过去的课，其它的什么都不开！ 哪……学校的教学计划上不是明明写着嘛？ 写着又怎么啦？写着又不是给你看的，是专门给检查我们工作的那些人看的呀！你当什么真？上什么心？ 肖杰最后实在忍不住要告别他工作的那所民办大学，是因为下面这件事： 那年他所带的计算机专业班已经到大二下半学期，这时一位校领导领来一个学生到了他班，校领导说这是个插班生，让他好好带。 “你以前上过哪个大学？”肖杰问那孩子。 那孩子摇摇头，说没有，只上过高二。 为什么没读完高三？ 没劲，我不爱读书，要不是老爸逼着，高中我都不想读。 What?这上大学的事肯定也是你父亲硬逼的？ 是啊，他不用鞭子逼着我才不来呢！ 你插班大二怎么能跟得上呢？ who knows!反正我老爸说，到这儿早点混个文凭，好给我在派出所弄个民警当当。因为明年有指标，而且现在招收民警至少也得有个大专文凭，所以我老爸着急把我弄到这儿的，嘻嘻，老师你该明白了吧！ 肖杰怎么也不明白。不管公办还是民办，我们总还是一所大学呀！怎么能这样不负责任呢？ 他满以为自己一番道理可以把校领导说得回心转意，哪知人家反问他：你知道我们在这儿办一个近千人的学校离得开“站岗放哨”的公安呀！没有他公安局长给你点个头，就连你这个贵州穷山区来的人怎么会落户到这美丽的海滨城市？学校离不开他，你肖杰也离不开他呀！他提出给儿子“混”个文凭开开绿灯，我们怎么好一口回绝？ 肖杰还是不明白，校领导说，我们是民办，民办民办——“明”白了就能办！这个你知道吗？ 肖杰选择了离开民办大学。 其实，以上事例在民办大学里并不少见。这仅仅是整个中国民办大学这面多棱镜中的一个棱面而已。 有人用这样的话评价过一些民办大学，说除了牌子大收钱数目大再就是水份大。到底如何，我们实地走一走便可以有出人意料的收获。 有一个曾在三所“大学”沐浴过的学生这样描述他的经历：他第一次上的那所大学设在一个工厂的旧仓库里，在这里他度过了一年零四个月的“大学”生涯，那座原来生产半导体的工厂因为自80年代起产品没有市场就一直闲置着，工厂的工人大部分下岗回家了。厂里有一位原来搞外销的“爷”，有一次在咖啡馆里跟一位在教育部门工作的同学聊起厂里的景况后，那老同学说我现在正愁没地方，能不能把你们工厂的大仓库租借给我用？我给你们厂子租金呀！半导体厂搞外销的“爷”说：你有钱，我们还有办不成的？说吧，你租我们的大仓库干嘛用？老同学告诉他说办大学用呀！“爷”一听乐了：你别逗了，办大学能到我们那个破厂子？老同学拍拍“爷”的肩膀：这你就不懂了吧？现在什么都改革开放了，就不能把大学办到你厂子里去？“爷”觉得自己真是少见多怪，便问：那你办的是不是职工大学呀？老同学告诉他，现在广大工人老大哥都下岗了，还有谁去办职工大学？那不等于自花钱培养有知识的“下岗老九”？我是办大学，就是专收中学毕业而没有考上大学的高中生的那种大学！“爷”一听很惊讶，说这样的大学你怎么好自己办呀？老同学一阵窃笑：你这个“爷”呀，现在除了自己不能印钞票外，啥事不能干？我个人当然不好办大学了，可现在政策允许社会和民间的力量办大学，这叫民办大学。我在教委部门工作当然不好直接出面，但我知道政策呀，我给你找个什么“协会”、“学会”和研究机构不就成了。你们厂如果能提供地盘，两家一合作，再到有固炜门一审批登记，大学不就成了！“爷”真像听了一出《天方夜谭》，回厂后他跟回家休息的厂长一汇报，厂长乐得屁颠屁颠的，说只要给钱，让我叫他爹都成，别说办大学哩！事情就这么简单，因为有教育局里工作的这位老同学当后台老板，“爷”的这所大学就很快批了下来，昔日关张多时的半导体旧仓库经过一遍粉刷，再在大门外换上一块“××大学”的牌子，只有初中毕业资格的“爷”摇身一变成了主持日常工作的常务副校长，而他招聘来的那几十位有教授、副教授职称的退休教师则成了受他指挥棒管理的教职员工，有的甚至还当了彻头彻尾的跑腿的。 无独有偶，某民办大学现在已经在北方某大都