Chapter 2 Chapter 1 General Trend

While the Liaoshen Campaign was going on, the Party Central Committee and Mao Zedong and others began to prepare for the Huaihai Campaign. In the autumn of 1948, the victory of the Chinese People's Liberation Army on various battlefields across the country, especially the victory of the first strategic decisive battle in the Northeast battlefield - the victory of the Liaoshen Campaign, brought China's military situation into a new turning point. The balance of power has fundamentally changed.The total strength of the People's Liberation Army increased from 1.27 million at the beginning of the war to more than 3 million; the Kuomintang Army dropped from 4.3 million to 2.9 million.The People's Liberation Army already has an advantage not only in quality, but also in quantity.

On the southern front south of the Yellow River and north of the Yangtze River, after the People's Liberation Army switched to a strategic offensive in July 1947, after a year of fierce contests with the Kuomintang Army, by July 1948, the situation had undergone profound changes in favor of the People's Liberation Army , The strength of the People's Liberation Army has greatly developed.The Central Plains Field Army, with Liu Bocheng as the commander and Deng Xiaoping as the political commissar, has 7 infantry columns with a total of 150,000 people; More than 10,000 people; the East China Field Army, with Chen Yi as the commander and political commissar, administers 15 infantry columns and 1 special forces column, totaling 360,000 people; the East China Military Region governs more than 300,000 people in 5 military regions including Jiaodong, Bohai, Shandong Central South, Subei, and Jianghuai people.

After the victory of the Battle of Jinan, the main force of the East China Field Army was located between Jinan and Tengxian County (now Tengzhou), and one part was located in Linyi, Xiazhuang (now Linshu) in Shandong Province and Suqian in Jiangsu Province to rest and actively prepare for new operations. The main force of the Central Plains Field Army liberated Zhengzhou and Kaifeng in late October, and the other was active in southern Henan Province and northern Hubei Province.The two field armies in East China and Central Plains have been able to cooperate with each other in campaigns and fight in coordination under unified command.The Central Plains and East China Liberated Areas were consolidated unprecedentedly, production was restored and developed, autumn grain harvests were bumper, and material forces supporting the war were strengthened.

In terms of the Kuomintang army, the Xuzhou "Bandit Suppression" General Headquarters, with Liu Zhi as the commander-in-chief, has jurisdiction over the Second Corps (commander Qiu Qingquan), the Seventh Corps (commander Huang Botao), and the Thirteenth Corps (commander Li Mi). , 16th Corps (Commander Sun Yuanliang) and 1st (Yangzhou), 3rd (Xuzhou), 4th (Shangqiu), 9th (Haizhou), 11th (Qingdao), 12th (Xinxiang)" Appeasement area, a total of 600,000 people.The main forces are concentrated in the Longhai Railway (now Lanzhou-Lianyungang) Shangqiu-Haizhou section and the Jinpu Railway (Tianjin-Pukou) Xuzhou-Bengbu section centered on Xuzhou.

After the Battle of Liaoshen, in order to prevent the Liu Zhi Group from repeating the mistakes of the Northeast Wei Lihuang Group's annihilation of the entire army, Chiang Kai-shek decided to adopt the policy of "preparing for war and retreating". And non-combatants, in case the whole army withdraws to the south of the Huaihe River when the situation is unfavorable.The Twelfth Corps marched from Queshan to Fuyang and Taihe.In this way, the strength of the Kuomintang army in the Xuzhou and Bengbu areas reached 5 corps and 3 "appeasement" areas, together with directly subordinate troops and special forces, a total of 29 armies with about 700,000 people.

The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China put forward the idea of ​​"capturing Xuzhou in winter and spring" in July 1948.At the end of the Battle of Jinan, that is, on September 24, Su Yu, acting commander and acting political commissar of the East China Field Army, suggested to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China to take advantage of the victory and carry out the Huaihai Campaign to attack and annihilate the enemies of Huaiyin, Huai'an, Baoying, Gaoyou, Haizhou, and Lianyungang. Xuzhou creates conditions. The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China and Chairman Mao Zedong replied on September 25 that they agreed to the Huaihai Campaign by the East China Field Army.

Du Yuming, the deputy commander of the Xuzhou "Suppression General" Command of the Kuomintang Army in the Huaihai Campaign, was captured. He described their plan to attack the Central Plains at that time: In the spring of 1948, I provided Chiang Kai-shek with the gist of the anti-people combat plan: concentrate a powerful mobile corps, attract the Communist army to attack a certain stronghold and cannot attack it for a long time, and when the attack falters, dispatch the mobile corps to fight it; When the replenishment is completed and the opponent has not yet launched an offensive, it is time to seize the initiative, launch an offensive, seek a part of the Communist army and annihilate it, so as to restore our army's disastrous defeat for years.

In the second half of 1948, Chiang Kai-shek decided to adopt this operational policy.Taking Xuzhou as an example, it decided to only defend the three strategic points of Zhengzhou, Xuzhou, and Jinan, strengthen fortifications, and stand alone. Other cities near Xuzhou can give up at any time in order to concentrate all available forces to fight the PLA.The former Zhengzhou Command Post was also canceled and changed to "Xuzhou Suppression General Headquarters" to command the mobile corps to fight against the People's Liberation Army. By the end of September 1948, although the Kuomintang army's troops near Xuzhou had been replenished, the Jinan defenders had been completely surrounded and wiped out by the People's Liberation Army. It can be said that the Kuomintang army's "key defense" plan had been broken.At this time, the total strength of the People's Liberation Army had risen from 1.2 million in 1946 to 2.8 to 3 million; the total strength of the Kuomintang Army had dropped from 4.3 million at the beginning of the war to about 3.6 million. less than half of the veterans).

But at this time, I hadn’t realized that the class represented by Chiang Kai-shek’s ruling clique was utterly decayed and the economic foundation was about to collapse. I was still very arrogant, thinking that “to break the crisis of the Kuomintang army being beaten and wiped out everywhere, we must seize the initiative and pre-empt strikes.”So he drew up an "attack plan for the Communist Army in Shandong", imagining to concentrate the main force of the Kuomintang troops in Xuzhou, and take the second and third fields of the People's Liberation Army (the Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army was also called the Central Plains Field Army at that time, and the Third Field Army was also called the East China Field Army, the same below). At the time of separation, they attempted to annihilate part of the Sanye in order to boost the morale of the Kuomintang army.The main contents of this plan are as follows:

(1) Situation judgment A. Forces of both sides 1. In terms of the Communist Army: 16 columns belonged to the third field, 7 columns belonged to the second field, plus the local armed forces of the East China, Central Plains Military Region, and Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region, a total of more than 600,000 people. 2. Our army: After more than two years of combat, the total force has been greatly consumed and morale is low.In the Xuzhou and Bengbu areas, there are five armies in three appeasement areas (Li Yannian's 44th Army in the 9th Appeasement Area, Feng Zhi'an's 59th and 77th Armies in the 3rd Appeasement Area, and Liu Ruming in the Fourth Appeasement Area. Fifty-fifth and Sixty-eighth armies), 12 and a half armies of 4 corps (3 and a half armies of Qiu Qingquan of the second corps: the fifth, seventy, seventy-fourth armies and twelfth armies in Yifan Division and Mi Wenhe Division; 4 armies of Huang Botao's Division of the Seventh Corps: 25th, 63rd, 64th, and 100th Corps; two armies of Li Mi's Division of the Thirteenth Corps: Eighth and Ninth Armies ; the 3 armies of Sun Yuanliang's Department of the 16th Corps: the 41st, 47th, and 99th Armies); 15th Army), Yu Jinyuan of the 72nd Army, Sun Liangcheng of the 107th Army, Yuan Kai of the 115th Army (formed into the Thirteenth Corps after airlifted from Anyang to Xuzhou), and the traffic police corps, artillery , engineers, communications, supplies, tanks, etc.The above-mentioned 24 armies totaled about 700,000 people (the troops in Bengbu, Anhui, the First Appeasement Area in Northern Jiangsu and other troops in Central China were not included).

From the strength of the above two sides, it can be seen that the Communist army is smaller than our army in number, and its equipment is also inferior to our army, especially less artillery and no aircraft or tanks.However, the communist army's grenades and mortars are equal to our army's, and they are extremely mobile and flexible in local use. They often leave the battlefield after concentrating their firepower to destroy our army and implement replenishment.If our army strives for the initiative and strikes first, before the second field attacks, we can first concentrate our absolute superiority and defeat one of the three fields, which can boost morale. B. The situation of both sides 1. The Communist Army: Since the end of the offensive in eastern Henan in early July 1948, the main force of the second field has been replenished in western Henan, and the main force of the third field has been replenished in central Shandong, Yanzhou in southwest Shandong, and the area north of Jining, and Jinan was captured on September 24 , At this time, there is no offensive action, and there are no defensive positions and strongholds in the common area.However, according to spies, there were already slogans such as "Eliminate Huang Botao, fight Qiu Qingquan again" in the Common Area.It is expected that in another 20 days or a month, the communist army will launch an offensive. 2. Our army: Since the District Shounian Corps was eaten in the east of Henan in early July 1948, the main force of our army has gathered in Xuzhou, Shangqiu, Xin'an Town, Haizhou, Taierzhuang, Zaozhuang, and Hanzhuang. In the defense of Zhengzhou, the mobile corps of Central China gathered near Suiping and Zhumadian.After nearly 3 months of repairs, although Jinan fell at this time, and our army in Xuzhou did not have time to participate in the battle in the future, it still retains sufficient strength.There are strong fortifications near Xuzhou, and they are not afraid of a small number of communist troops disrupting the attack. Based on the situation of the above two sides, the situation of the position and the situation of replenishment, I have come to a conclusion: when the second and third field armies are separated from the east to the west (the journey from west Henan to near Xuzhou is about 10 days), our army may concentrate its absolute superiority and strive for Take the initiative to encircle and "eliminate" one of the three fields. C. Both sides' strategies and tactics 1. The Communist Army: According to the Communist Army document "Current Situation and Our Tasks" obtained during the Battle of Eastern Henan, we learned that the main points of its strategy and tactics are: to concentrate the absolute superiority of forces, first to fight and disperse the isolated enemies, and then to fight the concentration and peace A powerful enemy; surround the enemy on all sides, strive to wipe them out completely, and prevent them from slipping through the net; encircle points to fight for reinforcements, and strive to annihilate the enemy in mobile warfare; strive to avoid fighting attrition wars that are not worth the loss or equal to the gain.In this way, often in a local campaign or in one aspect of each campaign, the communist army has achieved an absolute advantage.The communist army carried forward the spirit of continuous combat and used "human sea tactics" to eliminate our army.Since the fall of Jinan, the communist army has begun to attack the major cities that our army has focused on defending, and they have broken through the attack and won all victories. 2. Our army: Since fighting with the communist army, the attack has failed to concentrate the absolute superiority of forces to encircle and eliminate the communist army. Instead, it has formed a situation of being weak everywhere, defending everywhere, and being beaten everywhere.The defense is an all-round defense, neither being able to hold on to the stronghold, but also reinforcing with insufficient troops, it was just wiped out by the communist army in the field.Since the second half of this year (1948), we have given up comprehensive defense, changed from passive to active, and changed it to "key defense", and concentrated a powerful mobile corps to stick to important strategic points with a certain force and attract the Communist army to attack. When its attack was frustrated, it used a powerful mobile corps to reinforce from the outside, surrounded the communist army, and cooperated with the garrison to destroy the communist army.The fall of Jinan has proved that our army's strategy and tactics cannot succeed, and under the current circumstances, it is impossible to fight a decisive battle with the Communist army. Based on the strategies, tactics and tactics of the above two sides, I think it is a problem to try to defend some strategic points and break the Communist army's offensive with offensive defense, and it is bound to be defeated by the Communist army one by one.Every time a city is lost, some troops are wiped out, divisions are lost, morale is declining, and the battle situation cannot be saved; on the contrary, the communist army is getting stronger and stronger, which will make our army unable to fight.Only now that our army has been replenished and the communist army is separated from the east and west, our army will give up the abandonable strongholds, such as Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Shangqiu and other cities, concentrate all available forces, attack actively, and seek a part of the communist army. After being defeated, the current situation of being beaten and destroyed can be gradually changed, from passive to active, and morale can be gradually restored.To implement this kind of strategy and tactics, the strategic front must be large, so that the communist army can't figure out the two wings of our army; With the ability to complete the task arbitrarily and arbitrarily, if the communist army is seized, it will be quickly eliminated, and if the situation is unfavorable, it will be retreated quickly; the frontal attack force should be under the cover of superior artillery and tanks, make a bold assault, and cooperate with the encircling troops to wipe out the communist army in one fell swoop. D. Transportation, communication and transportation supplies 1. The Communist Army: Transportation is inconvenient, except for walking on two legs, railways and highways cannot be fully utilized.Communication only depends on radio, and our army can detect and judge its actions.The wired telephones in their troops are not very common and complete, and food and ammunition are all transported and replenished on the spot by civilians.Especially before it has completed its combat preparations, it is more difficult.However, the public organization of the Communist Army is extremely strict and well-informed. In every battle, the masses are mobilized to support them, and guerrillas are used to cut off the retreat of our army. 2. Our army: the transportation is convenient, there are trains and cars for transportation.Communication is supplemented by wire and radio.Although the supply of food and ammunition is all from Nanjing, which is far behind, as long as the southern section of Jinpu Road is safe, it can be supplied continuously.In case Jinpu Road is cut off, Xuzhou Airport can also be used to provide relief by air.It’s just that after entering the communist area, the masses all lean towards the communist army. Although there are landlords and people who lean towards the Kuomintang, they can be used, but there are very few of them. Moreover, these people often catch up with rumors, expand or lie about the situation, and make our army fooled. This is not good for us. army fighting. From this point of view, our army's active attack on the Communist army has mixed advantages and disadvantages. Judging from the above situation, if our army takes the initiative to attack, it is possible to seize a part of the Communist army and wipe it out; if not, we can recover some cities to boost public opinion and morale.If the situation is unfavorable, you can also take the initiative to advance and retreat, which is much more beneficial than passive defense. (2) Guidelines, tasks and guiding essentials A. Policy When the second and third field armies were separated from east to west, the main force was gathered to seek one of the three fields, annihilated in one fell swoop, and then defeated its main force to achieve the goal of recovering Tai'an and Jinan.Use the main force of our army in central China to contain the second field in western Henan, and use the main force of our army in Xuzhou to attack the third field. B. Task 1. Our army in Central China uses the main force to contain the Second Army and prevent it from advancing eastward, but it does not fight against it for its real purpose. 2. In Xuzhou, our army should use one appeasement area to defend the existing fortifications in Xuzhou; use one appeasement area to protect the road between Xu and Bang, and continue to sweep both sides of the railway to ensure the safety of Jinpu Road; another appeasement area The district is the general reserve team. 3. The Xuzhou frontline headquarters commanded 4 corps, surrounded and wiped out one of the three fields with a rapid surprise attack, and then defeated its main force, regained Tai'an and Jinan in one fell swoop, and set the focus of attack on the left side (about 3 corps) . C. Guidelines 1. For Central China: If Erye takes a detour to the east, he should choose a shortcut at the right time, attack head-on, and stop it in the area west of Pinghan Road; if Erye has crossed Pinghan Road to the east and threatens Xuzhou, he should chase him day and night , Cooperating with our army in Xuzhou, surrounded the Second Field in the area west of Xuzhou and defeated it. 2. For Xuzhou: If one of the three wilds has been captured between Yanzhou, Jining, and Dawenkou, it should be surrounded and wiped out quickly, and it should not be protracted.If the opponent avoids a decisive battle, the first step should be to oppress it in Dongping, the area north of Dawenkou and the east of Surabaya, and not go deep; the second step of the combat plan is to implement the "fishing" method of warfare (that is, use the strongest army Choose a stronghold that is most suitable to hold on to, leave enough food and ammunition, stand alone, and the main force retreats suddenly, tempting the three wilds to attack and defeat it, and then surround and defeat it from the outside).If during our army's attack, Erye has moved eastward to threaten Xuzhou (judging that this is less likely, but not impossible), that is to say, use a powerful one based on the positions established by Han and Zao and the canal between Dongping Lake and Nanyang Lake. Occupy blocking positions along the coast to prevent the Sanye from going south and west, and use the main force to return to the Central China Army to surround the Erye in the area west of Xuzhou and annihilate them.If Erye attempts to send reinforcements to Jining and Yanzhou through Weishan Lake, threatening our attacking army's back (judging that this may be more likely, but it may also go in other directions), the attacking army should rely on the canal between Dongping Lake and Nanyang Lake Block the second field along the coast and quickly defeat one of the third fields, and then return to the division to defeat the second field.For example, the second and third fields join forces to attack Xuzhou from east to west, and the right-wing corps of the attacking army will fight on the inside and transfer to Xuzhou to strengthen Xuzhou's defense. 3. The corps of our attacking army and the connection between the various armies should pay special attention to strengthening their strength, so as to prevent the communist army from taking advantage of the gap to sneak in.The left and right corps should pay special attention to long-distance search and alert and side and back cover. (3) Military divisions (omitted) After my plan was drawn up, Liu Zhi, the commander-in-chief of Xuzhou's "Suppression General", and his chief of staff, Li Shuzheng, agreed in principle to take the initiative to attack the PLA, but they believed that I used too many troops, which made the headquarters control too few troops. Feng Zhi'an's guard in Xuzhou was worried, fearing that there would be an accident in Xuzhou.After a heated debate between the two sides, Liu Zhi finally agreed reluctantly, and decided to defend Xuzhou with the Thirteenth Corps, and transferred Feng Zhian's troops from the Third Appeasement Area to participate in the attack.After the plan was decided, Liu Zhi immediately ordered the Gu Zhutong (1893-1987), in May 1948, served as the chief of staff of the Kuomintang army and was forced to take over Xuzhou's defense from Feng Zhi'an's department, which immediately aroused Feng's suspicion and dissatisfaction. About September 30th, I went to Nanjing with the plan and asked Chief of Staff Gu Zhutong to approve it. Gu Yijiang was not in Beijing and dared not make a decision, so he ordered me to go to Peking to ask Chiang Kai-shek for instructions.I arrived in Beiping on October 2, and Chiang Kai-shek met with me at the official residence of Yuanen Temple in Dongcheng that night.After Jiang heard my report, he didn't make a decision right away, but said, "We'll talk about it after we study it." On October 3, Jiang talked to me again.He said: "Xuzhou's plan can be implemented according to your plan. You go back and discuss with Chief Gu." I said: "I have met Chief Gu, and the chief said that it can only be implemented after the chairman's approval." Jiang immediately Approved "this case is feasible, hand it over to the Chief Gu for approval" in 10 characters. I flew to Nanjing that day and met with Gu Zhutong on the 4th.Gu was a little hesitant after seeing Jiang's instructions, and asked me again and again: "Are you sure about launching an attack?" I said to Gu: "The key lies in whether the Central China Huangwei Corps can contain the Second Field. If it can contain If so, Xuzhou has a good chance of winning against the three wild columns." Gu asked again: "What if Liu Bocheng comes over?" After I introduced the various guiding methods in the plan, I said to Gu: "We Adopt the method of fighting steadily and steadily, that is, concentrate the main force to form a circular shape, so that the enemy cannot take advantage of the loopholes, and cannot eat up the troops. Once a part of the enemy is captured, quickly attack boldly and destroy it. In case the enemy is cunning, take the initiative First attack and retreat, our army will not be confused by the enemy, change the original plan to go deep into the enemy's area, but implement the "fishing" tactics according to the original plan, and when the enemy's attack fails, we will encircle and destroy the enemy. Only the main force of the enemy After the defeat, our army can continue to advance northward and recover Tai'an and Jinan. In case the second field flees to the vicinity of Xuzhou during this period, our army will stop the third field in the area east of Weishan Lake, concentrate the main force first, and cooperate with the Huangwei Corps to defeat the enemy. After the second field, we will see the situation and defeat the third field." Seeing that what I said made sense, it was still safe (actually, it was also death), so he said: "This kind of steady and steady attack is okay, after I discuss it with Bai Jiansheng (that is, Bai Chongxi) I'll talk to you again." The next day (probably October 5th), Gu said to me: "Bai Jiansheng agreed to fight like this, and you can go back and implement it according to the plan." I returned to Xuzhou to report to Liu Zhi on the same day, and decided to send the Zhengzhou Sixteenth Corps Sun Yuanliang's troops drove to assemble near Liuhe. On the 7th, I called Qiu Qingquan, Li Mi, Huang Botao and other generals to a meeting to discuss the tactics of the Kuomintang army under various circumstances.Everyone agreed on the strategy and tactics of mobile attack and defense of Xuzhou, and decided to start action on October 15. In the early morning of the 15th, when I was getting into the car and setting off to command the front, Chiang Kai-shek suddenly called me from Nanjing, telling me not to carry out this plan and to wait for him at the airport to go to the Northeast together. The Liaoshen Campaign disrupted the strategic deployment of the Kuomintang army but failed to implement it. The Xuzhou Kuomintang Army remained in its original state for the next 21 days (until November 6). From December 25 to 28, 1947, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an important meeting in Yangjiagou, Mizhi County, northern Shaanxi. This meeting made full political, ideological and policy preparations for the party to lead the people to win national victory under the new situation. At the same time, the Central Military Commission put forward a strategic intention in terms of military affairs, which was to send Su Yu, the deputy commander of Huaye, to lead three main columns (called the Huaye First Corps) after full preparations, from Yichang to Shashi. Crossing the Yangtze River and going south, entering southern Hubei, then passing through western Hunan and Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, and gradually leaping forward until reaching Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi, establishing a foothold in the old Soviet area during the Second Civil Revolutionary War, and implementing the The new strategy was launched, approaching Nanjing and Shanghai, so as to mobilize the main force of the enemy to go south, thereby creating a large number of fighters for the Central Plains to wipe out the enemy, and further improving the situation on the southern front. ("When the situation of strategic decisive battle comes", "Decisive Battle Huaihai", p. 381, published by Jiangsu People's Publishing House in November 1979) At that time, the situation in the Central Plains was as follows: On the one hand, since the three armed forces advanced into the Central Plains, they have wiped out a large number of enemies, mobilized and attracted about 90 brigades out of the more than 160 brigades of the Kuomintang Army's southern line, and forced Jiang's army to be in a passive position. effect. On the other hand, the enemy assembled 33 brigades to continue to "clear and suppress" the Dabie Mountains; and although Liu and Deng's army had gained a firm foothold in the Dabie Mountains and opened up new liberated areas, they had been experiencing great difficulties in fighting without a rear.At the same time, the enemy has concentrated several mobile corps at each strategic point, making it difficult for our army to divide them and annihilate them one by one. Therefore, how to smash the enemy's "clearance" of the Dabie Mountains, fight a big battle with the enemy, and win a large number of victories in annihilating the enemy is indeed a big problem that needs to be solved in the Central Plains. If the Huaye Corps crosses the Yangtze River southward, advances behind the enemy lines, and threatens the confidant areas of the Kuomintang ruled area, it will inevitably cause great panic among the enemy. The enemy may mobilize part of the main force of the original battlefield to go south, thereby reducing the burden on the Dabie Mountains and the Central Plains, which is beneficial Our army looked for fighter planes in the Central Plains and wiped out the enemies one by one. In late January 1948, the Central Military Commission issued this strategic intention and asked Su Yu to "see the reply after familiarization." After Su Yu accepted the task, he actively made preparations.In February and March, the Huaye First Corps began to conduct training and military training in the Puyang area on the north bank of the Yellow River.After the training is over, we will cross the river. In order to cover the preparations for the Huaye First Corps to cross the river, Commander Liu Bocheng led the troops out of the Dabie Mountains, and unified command of Huaye's troops fighting in the Central Plains. . At this time, the military situation across the country has undergone new developments, and our army's strategic offensives on various battlefields have achieved new victories.In the Central Plains, the military situation has also undergone new changes. The main force of Shanxi, Hebei, Luyu, Huaye West Front Corps, and Taiyue Corps who went south to the Central Plains cooperated closely and continued to wipe out a large number of enemies. , In the vast area north of the Yangtze River and east of the Tongguan-Jiangling line, stretches of liberated areas have been established, and the enemy's defense system has begun to be disrupted. The possibility of our army wiping out a large number of enemies in the Central Plains has increased. In view of the rapid development of the national revolutionary situation, Mao Zedong clearly pointed out on March 20: "The battlefields that have a particularly favorable situation for us are the northeast, Shandong, northwest, northern Jiangsu, Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei, Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu and the west of Zhenghan Road and the Yangtze River. North and south of the Yellow River." ("Mao Zedong Military Collection", Volume Four, Central Literature Publishing House, 1993 edition, p. 439) Under such circumstances, should the Huaye First Corps quickly cross the river?Is it advantageous to draw part of the main force of the enemy to the south of the Yangtze River, or to wipe out the main force of the enemy as far as possible to the north of the Yangtze River? Under the chairmanship of Su Yu, the Huaye Front Committee carefully studied this issue repeatedly, analyzed the pros and cons of our army crossing the river, and finally believed that the southward plan may not achieve the expected goal. Su Yu believes that when our army advances south and leaps across the enemy's rear, it will be surrounded, chased, blocked, and intercepted by the enemy's heavy troops. It will be difficult to supply materials and resettle the wounded, and the reduction in personnel will be very large. It is estimated that the reduction in personnel of more than 100,000 troops will not be less than 1/2; From the perspective of the enemy, after our army crosses south, we can mobilize part of the enemy, but it may not be able to mobilize the enemy's four main forces on the Central Plains battlefield, and it is difficult to achieve the goal of reducing pressure on the Central Plains.On the contrary, we took away three main columns from the Central Plains, which weakened the ability of the Central Plains battlefield to concentrate our forces to fight big battles. Therefore, Su Yu imagined: "The three main columns will not cross the river for the time being, but will concentrate the main force of the two major field armies in the Central Plains and East China, with their backs against the Liberated Areas, and fight a large-scale battle of annihilation in the areas south of the Yellow River and north of the Huai River. At the same time, the third-line armed forces will be deployed and closely coordinated. That is to use the main force to stay in the Central Plains to wipe out the enemy; use the brigade as a unit to form a guerrilla corps to cooperate with the main force in the south of the Huaihe River; use the strength of one division to form many guerrilla teams of five or six hundred people, go deep into the south of the Yangtze River, disrupt the enemy's rear, and destroy The enemy supports the power of the war." On April 18, Su Yu formally reported the above suggestions to the Central Committee. After receiving Su Yu's suggestion, Mao Zedong and others attached great importance to it, and called Su Yu to report to the Party Central Committee in person. Su Yu’s suggestion to Mao Zedong was at the time when Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other leaders of the Military Commission were on their way from Yan’an to Xibaipo, and the process was very dramatic. At that time, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai were walking along the Yellow River.The two were pointing to the waves in the Yellow River, talking and laughing happily.After a while, the accompanying staff officer brought two war horses. They took the reins of the horses and were about to get on the horses when the combat staff officer rushed over. "Report!" Just as the words finished, an urgent telegram was sent. Zhou Enlai took the telegram, glanced at it, his smile subsided, and his thick black eyebrows were furrowed.Mao Zedong looked at his face and asked, "Who is the telegram?" "Huano, Su Yu." "Is it about going south?" "Yes. Su Yu doesn't plan to let the Huaye West Front Corps cross the Yangtze River south, he wants to stay in the Central Plains." Mao Zedong was obviously displeased: "Huh? What's the point?" Zhou Enlai handed over the telegram, and the two got on their horses, lightly reined in the reins, and let the horses walk slowly on the river bank, their hearts were very disturbed. It is not surprising that the commander-in-chief and the general have disputes over strategic intentions. This is a common occurrence in complex and ever-changing wars.But what is the situation now?The People's Liberation Army's big counter-offensive had just kicked off, and several armies attracted Chiang Kai-shek's strong troops to their surroundings, but difficulties followed, especially Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping were under too much pressure and were in a very difficult situation.After Liu and Deng's armies leaped thousands of miles into the Dabie Mountains, they lost their heavy equipment, ran out of shells, and could not replenish ammunition and supplies.However, the terrain in the Central Plains is flat, and it is easy for Jiang's mechanized troops to fight. It is still uncertain to fight the enemy's heavy regiment there. Therefore, it was decided to let Su Yu lead the Huaye West Front Corps to cross the Yangtze River to the south, and go straight to Nanjing and Shanghai, forcing Chiang Kai-shek. Transfer the Central Plains troops to the south to reduce the pressure on Liu and Deng's armies.It has been more than a month since the central government issued the intention, but Su Yu has not replied for a long time. Now that such a telegram has been sent, I don't know what his intention is! Mao Zedong didn't complain about Su Yu, but the weight of this telegram was too heavy.Whether the Huaye West Front Corps crossed the Yangtze River in the south or stayed in the Central Plains was related to the layout and success of the entire war.So the central government's plan was not thorough, and Su Yu had difficulty going south?Or is it Su Yu's lack of understanding of the overall situation? Zhou Enlai pondered for a long time, and said slowly: "Chairman, I think it is difficult for Su Yu to go south. Can you invite him to talk and learn more about the situation!" Mao Zedong thought about it, and felt that this was the only way to go, so he waved to the combat staff behind him and said, "Resume the call, and invite Su Yu to the North China Field Army Headquarters." "Yes!" The staff officer turned and walked away. After Mao Zedong gave his orders, he tightened his grip on the horse's back, raised the tip of his whip, and slapped the whip in the air like a thunderclap. The two horses galloped eastward one after the other. When they got to the road, they changed to a jeep and continued eastward.When they passed Mount Wutai, they encountered heavy snowstorms, and they did not arrive at Nanzhuang, Fuping City, North China until mid-April. After Mao Zedong settled down, he discussed the war situation in North China with Nie Rongzhen, commander of the North China Field Army, and waited for Su Yu's arrival. Zhou Enlai led the comrades from the headquarters to station in Xibaipo first. After Su Yu received the telegram, he traveled day and night, and when he arrived at Chengnanzhuang, it was already early May. Su Yu, in his 40s, is of medium build, with a thin face, wearing the same cotton military uniform as a soldier, and a cotton military cap with ear protection. Who can recognize him as the well-known Acting Commander of the East China Field Army who is famous for his "seven battles and seven victories" in northern Jiangsu! When Su Yu came to Zhuangzi, his heart couldn't help beating: Can I persuade Mao Zedong to change his original plan?He stopped, and sorted out the thoughts that had been pondering over and over in his heart.Just when he raised his head to look at Zhuangzi, two bombers roared over, and then dropped two bombs. The booming sound made the trees shake and the walls tremble.Su Yu hurried to Zhuangzili, he was worried about the safety of the chairman. When Su Yu entered the village, he heard the staff who greeted him say that Mao Zedong was safe and sound, and his nervous mood gradually calmed down. In his mind, he remembered what he wanted to say when he met the chairman: Should the Huaye West Front Corps cross the Yangtze River in the south, or stay in the village? Central Plains?Hundreds of thousands of troops thousands of miles away are waiting for the final decision.Thinking of this, he subconsciously wrapped the cotton coat around his body tightly, and walked forward with heavy steps. Mao Zedong met Su Yu at the resident, and before Su Yu entered the house, he greeted him: "Su Yu, hello! You have worked hard all the way." The atmosphere was harmonious, and Su Yu recalled the instructions from the central government brought back by Chen Yi, which said "See you when you are familiar with it", indicating that there is still room for negotiation, and his worries gradually disappeared.After sitting down, Su Yu briefly reported the situation of the Huaye West Front Corps, and the conversation turned to the main topic: Su Yu said: "Chairman, after receiving the instructions from the central government transferred by Chen Yi, Tan Zhenlin and I, after more than a month of deliberation, felt that the southward plan is really difficult..." Mao Zedong said: "Oh, let's be more specific." Su Yu said: "We have done a practice and sent a reconnaissance team to go deep into the hinterland of the south of the Yangtze River to fight guerrillas. The reconnaissance team's operations were extremely difficult and it was difficult to gain a foothold. As a result, most of the losses were lost..." His eyes were moist as he said. Mao Zedong asked with concern: "Is it because of this reason that you don't want to go south?" Su Yu said: "No, Chairman, for the overall victory, we are not afraid of making partial sacrifices. The key is that if we cross the south of the Yangtze River, we must achieve the goal expected by the central government without any risk." Mao Zedong raised his eyebrows, lit a cigarette, and said slowly, "Talk about your reasons." Su Yu said frankly: "Chairman, the reason why we think so is: first, our three main columns, with more than 100,000 people going south to fight, and the lone army going deep, is bound to be chased and intercepted by heavy enemy troops. We have the ability to fight guerrillas. According to experience, the problem is that there is no rear support, and supplies, ammunition, and wounded cannot be solved. To solve these problems, some troops must be left in some places on the way to the south to establish base areas. This will at least reduce the number of troops by more than half. Our combat capability has been weakened, it is difficult to inflict serious damage on the enemy, and it is even more difficult to force Chiang Kai-shek to transfer south. Second, if we can mobilize the main force of the enemy's Central Plains corps to go south, we will make sacrifices, thereby reducing the pressure on Liu and Deng in the Dabie Mountains, and making it easier for our army to fight on two fronts, that would be worthwhile.The problem is the Central Plains battlefield. At present, the enemy has four main forces. Among them, the Fifth Army and the Eighteenth Army are Chiang Kai-shek's elite troops, all of which are equipped with mechanization. Chiang Kai-shek will not transfer them to the Jiangnan river network area, where they cannot be used. The advantage of mechanization; and the Seventh Army and the Forty-eighth Army belong to the Guangxi army. How could Chiang Kai-shek let these two Guangxi armies break into his sphere of influence.From the analysis of these situations, it is impossible for the four main forces of the enemy army to be transferred to the south of the Yangtze River to fight guerrillas with us, but we have to withdraw three main columns from the Central Plains, weakening the power to fight big battles in the Central Plains. It's not good for me. " As he spoke, Su Yu stopped talking and stopped to listen to Mao Zedong's opinion. Mao Zedong was smoking and listening quietly. Seeing Su Yu stopped, he looked around with encouraging eyes and nodded: "Go on! Your idea is..." Su Yu was obviously encouraged, and he felt that this idea was mature, and he was about to find an opportunity to tell the whole story, so he took a breath and said confidently: "Our idea is that the three main columns will not cross the south of the Yangtze River for the time being, and fight with the Central Plains." The field army will fight a few victories in the plains south of the Yellow River and north of the Huaihe River, and then fight a few large-scale battles of annihilation. Of course, the Central Plains is flat and easy for the enemy's mechanized troops to fight. Doing so will take certain risks. However, such a battle must be fought sooner or later, so it is better to make up one's mind and wipe out the main force of the enemy north of the Yangtze River..." As soon as Su Yu said this, he heard a "pop", and then Mao Zedong jumped up, interrupted Su Yu, and said, "Please stop." Then, he stood up and walked back and forth in the room. Walking around. Su Yu was slightly taken aback, and muttered in his heart: "The chairman is angry, it seems that he does not agree with our opinion." The encouraging look just now was just to let me finish my sentence, he really wanted to go over to explain a few words, and then I didn't know how to explain it, so I had to wait silently. Mao Zedong walked around for a while, turned around, saw Su Yu's embarrassed expression, raised his face and laughed: "Hahaha..." Then, he stretched out a finger and said loudly: "Your words are very meaningful. .” 我军在1948年春的胜利进军中，毛泽东同志东渡黄河，前往华北解放区 粟裕似坠入云雾之中，疑惑地问：“主席，您的意思是……” 毛泽东没有回话，他走到巨幅地图前，一边看着纵横交错的各色箭头，一边轻轻念叨：“'歼敌主力于长江以北'。粟裕，你的意见很好嘛！若真能在长江以北开辟几个战场，消灭敌军各主力兵团，我们的解放战争就取得了决定性的胜利！” 粟裕这才恍然大悟，毛主席不仅认可了自己的意见，还给予了这么高的评价，粟裕一时激动得不知如何表达自己的心情才好。 毛泽东拉着粟裕的手走回桌边，拿起水瓶，为粟裕续上水，轻松地说道：“粟裕，快，坐下，坐下谈。” 粟裕平静了一下，接过茶杯，喝着茶：“主席，关于南下方案我们已作了安排，准备拿出一个师组成若干个游击队，深入江南，扰敌后方，造成错觉，牵制他们增援中原的力量。” “好啊！”毛泽东喜形于色：“取我之长，补你之短，粟裕，士别三日，刮目相看了。”毛泽东边说边兴奋地望着粟裕。 粟裕这时倒踌躇了：“主席，这南下方案……” “具体方案，等政治局听完你汇报后再作决定。” “是！”粟裕立正，敬礼，准备告辞。 毛泽东拉着手挽留着说：“先别走，我们还没把话聊完呢。”这一夜两人促膝而谈，直到鸡鸣报晓。 粟裕自己也没想到，他的偶然一个思维，经毛泽东进一步的思考，后来“歼敌主力于长江以北”竟成了人民解放战争的整个指导思想。 5月初，党中央召开会议，毛泽东、周恩来、刘少奇、朱德、任弼时到会听取粟裕的详细汇报。党中央最后决定：华野应继续依托中原、华东两解放区，会同中野作战；同意一兵团在整训结束以后，4至8个月内，暂不向江南作战略机动，先加入中原作战，以便集中力量，歼灭敌人，粉碎敌人在中原的防御体系。为便于统一领导，成立中原军区，由邓小平任中原军区政治委员，刘伯承任司令员，并调陈毅到军区任副司令员，华东野战军则由代理司令员粟裕指挥作战。此时，两大野战军已合成了一支大军，统一指挥，统一行动。 这一决定，实际上提出了歼敌主力于长江两个月以后，中央军委向全军提出了解放战争第三年度的作战任务，其中规定了华野在第三年度的歼敌任务，并要求华野于8、9两个月攻克济南，而后南下，打几个大仗，争取冬春之间夺取徐州。 这里规定和要求的，都是在长江以北作战，在长江以北继续歼敌，只是没有明确提出歼敌达到什么程度。到了9月，中共中央在9月会议的通知中，根据敌人兵力的70%集中在长江以北的情况，明确指出：“中央决定人民解放军第三年度仍然全部在长江以北和华北、东北作战。”（《毛泽东军事文集》第五卷，1993年版，第54页）歼敌主力于长江以北的方针，此时就正式明确了。 解放战争进入第三年度后，形势的发展更为迅速，中原、山东、华北等地区的人民解放军，发动了声势浩大的夏季攻势，取得了睢杞、襄樊、保北、兖州、晋中等地作战的重大胜利，给国民党军以沉重打击，使他们陷于更加被动，为人民解放军发动对国民党军的战略决战创造了极其有利的条件。随着军事战线的胜利发展，各个解放区都猛烈地扩大了，并且逐步连成一片。 为了更快地夺取全国胜利，党中央于1948年9月8日至13日，在河北省平山县西柏坡村召开了政治局会议。 出席会议的有政治局委员毛泽东、周恩来、刘少奇、朱德、任弼时、彭真、董必武等7人；中央委员和候补中央委员邓小平、邓颖超、叶剑英、陈毅、徐向前、聂荣臻、贺龙等14人；列席会议的有胡耀邦、罗迈、杨尚昆、胡乔木等10人，这是从日本投降以来中央有关领导到会人数最多的一次中央会议。 会议检查了以前的工作，规定了今后的工作任务。 会议首先听取了毛泽东的报告，接着，与会者围绕着“军队向前进，生产长一寸，加强纪律性，革命无不胜”这个中心议题进行了广泛讨论。 会议在检查过去一个时期的工作时，总结了人民解放军作战、整党、土地改革以及国民党统治区工作等各个方面所取得的伟大成就。 会议提出了党的战略任务：建设500万人民解放军，在大约5年左右的时间内（从1946年7月算起）歼敌正规军共500个旅（师）左右；歼敌正规军、非正规军和特种部队共750万人左右，从根本上打倒国民党的反动统治（《毛泽东军事文集》第四卷）。 为实现上述战略任务，会议提出了各项具体工作： （一）必须每年歼敌正规军100个旅（师）左右。这是解决一切问题的关键。规定了人民解放军第三年度仍然在长江以北、华北和东北作战。 （二）要求我党迅速地有计划地训练大批的能管理军事、政治、经济、党务、文化教育等工作的干部，以便有秩序地管理新解放区。 （三）召集政治协商会议，筹备建国事宜。 （四）恢复和发展解放区的工业生产和农业生产。 （五）建立全国性的群众团体。 （六）提高干部的理论水平，扩大党内民主生活。 （七）建立请示报告制度，加强纪律性。要用极大的努力克服无纪律状态和无政府状态，克服地方主义和游击主义，将一切可能和必须集中的权力集中于中央和中央代表机关手里，这是实现党的战略任务、完成党的各项工作的根本保证。 9月会议前后，中央军委规划全军于1948年7月至1949年6月歼敌正规军115个旅左右的作战任务，并具体规定了各野战军和各兵团的作战任务。 其中：要求华野担负歼敌40个旅左右，并攻占济南和苏北、豫东、皖北若干大中小城市。 要求中野担负歼敌14个旅左右，并攻占鄂豫皖三省若干城市。 要求西北野战军担负歼敌12个旅左右。 要求华北徐向前、周士第兵团歼敌阎锡山14个旅左右，并攻占太原。 要求东北野战军配合罗瑞卿、杨成武两兵团担负歼敌卫立煌、傅作义两军35个旅左右，并攻占北宁、平绥、平承、平保各线除北平、天津、沈阳三点以外的一切城市（《毛泽东军事文集》第四卷）。 为了完成上述作战任务，各野战军在夏季攻势取得胜利的基础上，又发动了大规模的秋季攻势，大量地歼灭了敌人的有生力量，解放了大片地区，特别是东北辽沈战役和华东济南战役的胜利，给了国民党反动派以沉重的打击，使全国军事形势进入了一个新的转折点。 在辽沈战役发起不久，9月16日，华野便发起了济南战役。 战至23日，我军占领了大部分外城、迫近内城。 23日晚，我军发起了对内城的总攻，经过激烈的巷战，于24日全歼守敌，俘获国民党第二绥靖区司令王耀武，至此，济南战役胜利结束。 中共中央电报贺解放济南 在济南大捷的声威下，菏泽、临沂、烟台的国民党军也先后弃城逃窜，山东全境除青岛及南部边沿少数据点外，全部获得解放。 由徐州北援的敌人，虽经蒋介石再三督促，但因察知我军打援兵团严阵以待，顾虑重重，迟迟不进。24日，其邱清泉兵团方到达成武、曹县地区，其黄伯韬兵团和李弥兵团尚在集结中，此时济南守敌已被全歼，敌人的增援计划遂成泡影。 济南战役中，我军全歼守敌11万人（内有1个军起义）。这一战役的胜利，揭开了战略决战的序幕，它严重打击了敌人的“重点防御”计划，动摇了敌人据守大城市进行顽抗的信心。 济南战役锻炼和提高了我军攻坚作战的能力，基本解放了山东全境，使华北、华东两大解放区连成一片，使徐州之敌完全暴露在我军夹击范围之内。华东我军由于控制了胶济铁路和津浦北段交通线，接收了山东境内大部分工矿企业，使解放区生产建设和支援战争的力量进一步增强。这一切，都为我军进行淮海战役及争取全国胜利创造了极为有利的条件。 我军在全国各战场上发动的秋季攻势，特别是辽沈战役和济南战役的伟大胜利，使全国的军事形势进入了一个新的转折点。毛泽东说：“这样，就使我们原来预计的战争进程，大为缩短。原来预计，从1946年7月起，大约需要5年左右时间，便可能从根本上打倒国民党反动政府。现在看来，只需从现在起，再有1年左右的时间，就可能将国民党反动政府从根本上打倒了。”（《毛泽东军事文集》第四卷） 徐州“剿总”司令部 总司令：刘峙 副总司令：杜聿明孙震刘汝明冯治安韩德勤李延年 参谋长：李树正 前进指挥部主任：杜聿明（兼），副主任：孙元良赵家骧（未到职）；参谋长：舒适存，副参谋长：文强 第二兵团司令官：邱清泉，副司令官：舒适存谭辅烈王长海高吉人 第五军军长：熊笑三 第四十五师第四十六师第二○○师 第十二军军长：舒荣 第一一二师第二三八师 第七十军军长：高吉人（兼） 邓军林 第三十二师第九十六师第一三九师 第七十二军军长：余锦源（战役第二阶段归第二兵团建制） 第三十四师第一二二师（战役中重建） 第二三三师 第七十四军军长：邱维达 第五十一师第五十八师骑兵第一旅新四十四师（战役中重建） 第六兵团（战役中新建） 司令官：李延年 第三十九军军长：王伯勋（战役中由葫芦岛调来） 第一○三师第一四七师 第五十四军军长：阙汉骞（战役中由葫芦岛调来） 第八师第一九八师第二九一师 第九十六军军长：于兆龙 第一四一师第二一二师 第九十九军军长：胡长青 第九十二师第九十九师 第七兵团司令官：黄伯韬，副司令官：黄国梁唐玉山 第二十五军军长：陈士章 第四十师第一○八师第一四八师 第四十四军军长：王泽璇（原属第九绥区） 第一五○师第一六二师 第六十三军军长：林湛陈章 第一五二师第一六八师 第六十四军军长：刘镇湘 第一五六师第一五九师 第一○○军军长：周志道 第四十四师第六十三师 第八兵团（原第四绥靖区） 司令官：刘汝明， 副司令官：田镇南曹福林刘汝珍 第五十五军军长：曹福林（兼） 第二十九师第七十四师第一八一师 第六十八军军长：刘汝珍（兼） 第八十一师第一一九师第一四三师 第十三兵团司令官：李弥，副司令官：赵季平陈冰李九思 第八军军长：李弥（兼）周开成 第四十二师第一七○师第二三七师 第九军军长：黄淑 第三师第一六六师第二五三师 第一一五军军长：司元恺 第三十九师第一八○师 第十六兵团司令官：孙元良，副司令官：曾苏元 第四十一军军长：胡临聪 第一二二师第一二四师 第四十七军军长：汪匣锋 第一二五师第一二七师 第三绥靖区司令官：冯治安，副司令官：张克侠何基沣李文田 第五十九军军长：刘振三 第三十八师第一八○师 第七十七军军长：王长海 第三十七师第一三二师 第一绥靖区司令官：周碞， 副司令官：孙良诚 第四军军长：汪作华 第五十九师第九十师 第二十一军军长：王克俊 第一四五师第一四六师 第五十一军军长：王炎 第四十一师第一一三师 第一○七军军长：孙良诚（兼） 第二六○师第二六一师 第十二兵团（属国民党国防部指挥） 司令官：黄维，副司令官：胡琏吴绍周 第十军军长：覃道善 第十八师第七十五师第一一四师 第十四军军长：熊绶春 第十师第八十五师 第十八军军长：杨伯涛 第十一师第四十九师第一一八师 第八十五军军长：吴绍周（兼） 第二十三师第一一○师第二一六师 第六十六军军长：罗贤达 第十三师第一八五师 第二十八军军长：李浡刘秉哲 第五十二师第一九二师 第二十军军长：杨干才 第一三三师第一三四师 说明：（1）战役初期国民党军共5个兵团，3个绥靖区（九绥靖区已撤销不含），共29个军，70个师；（2）战役中连同新增加和新组建者在内，共7个兵团，两个绥靖区，34个军，82个师；（3）战役中国民党军出动飞机2957架次。 淮海战役总前委 书记：邓小平 常委：刘伯承陈毅邓小平 委员：刘伯承陈毅邓小平粟裕谭震林 一、中原野战军司令员：刘伯承，副司令员：陈毅李先念； 政委：邓小平，副政委：邓子恢； 副政委兼政治部主任：张际春； 参谋长：李达， 副参谋长：曾希圣；供给部长：刘岱峰 第一纵队司令员：杨勇，副司令员：尹先炳；政委：苏振华；参谋长：潘焱；政治部主任：王辉球；第一旅——第二旅——第二十旅 第二纵队司令员：陈再道，副司令员：范朝利；政委：王维纲，副政治委员：钟汉华；参谋长：王蕴瑞；政治部主任：许梦侠；第四旅——第六旅 第三纵队司令员：陈锡联，副司令员：郑国仲刘昌义；副政治委员：阎红彦；第七旅——第八旅——第九旅 第四纵队司令员：陈赓；政委：谢富治；参谋长：王启明；政治部主任：刘有光；第十旅——第十一旅——第十三旅——第二十二旅 第六纵队司令员：王近山，副司令员：韦杰；政委：杜义德；参谋长：姚继鸣；政治部主任：李震；第十六旅——第十七旅——第十八旅 第九纵队司令员：秦基伟；政委：李成芳；参谋长：何正文；政治部主任：谷景生；第二十六旅——第二十七旅 第十一纵队司令员：王秉璋；政委：张霖芝；参谋长：刘星；政治部主任：裴志耕；第三十一旅——第三十二旅 豫皖苏军区副司令员：张国华独立旅和几个地方团 豫西军区独立旅 陕南军区第十二旅 二、华东野战军 司令员兼政委：陈毅，代司令员：粟裕；代政委：粟裕， 副政委：谭震林；参谋长：陈士榘，副参谋长：张震；政治部主任：唐亮，政治部副主任：钟期光；后勤部长：刘瑞龙，后勤部副部长：喻缦云 山东兵团司令员：许世友（因病未参战），副司令员：王建安；政委：谭震林（兼）；参谋长：李迎希，副参谋长：陈铁君；政治部主任：谢有法 苏北兵团司令员：韦国清；政委：陈丕显，副政委：吉洛（姬鹏飞）；参谋长：覃健 第一纵队司令员兼政委：叶飞，副司令员：刘飞；第二副司令员兼参谋长：张翼翔；副政治委员：陈时夫；政治部主任：汤光恢；第一师——第二师——第三师 第二纵队司令员：腾海清，副司令员：朱绍清；政委：康志强；政治部主任：邓逸凡；第四师——第五师——第六师 第三纵队司令员：孙继先；政委：丁秋生；参谋长：来光祖；政治部主任：刘春；第八师——第九师 第四纵队司令员：陶勇，副司令员：卢胜；政委：郭化