Chapter 20 "Red Turning the Whole Sichuan" Stone Carving

In Jingjiayuan, Shaxi Township, Tongjiang County, on a high mountain with an altitude of more than 800 meters, there is a large piece of exposed rock. Two giant slogans are engraved on the rock: "Redify the whole Sichuan" and "Equally divide the land". "Chihua Quanchuan" is 5.5 meters high, 4.7 meters wide, 70 centimeters wide and 35 centimeters deep; "Equally divided land" is 5.7 meters high, 4.9 meters wide, and 60 centimeters wide. , ten centimeters deep.Each character of this slogan is nearly 30 square meters, and a person can lie in the thick strokes, which can be seen dozens of miles away.

The two giant slogans are like silent shouts, declaring the purpose and revolutionary purpose of the Red Army's fighting in Sichuan.Decades of wind and rain have passed, and these two giant slogans still tell us the revolutionary ideals that the Red Army fought bloodily for.This is the power of propaganda. One of the most important reasons why the Fourth Red Army was able to create the Sichuan-Shanxi Revolutionary Base in a short period of time was that "where the Red Army develops, the party's propaganda work will reach." To realize our own revolutionary ideals, we must mobilize the broad masses, and to mobilize the broad masses, we must carry out vivid and dramatic propaganda activities to convey the revolutionary purpose, purpose, and practices of the Communist Party and the Red Army to everyone's hearts.After the Red Fourth Front Army entered Sichuan, it propagated the masses, awakened the workers and peasants, and promoted while fighting. It was both a combat team and a propaganda team.The Sichuan-Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly stated: "When carrying out various tasks, propaganda work must be the vanguard" and "the party's propaganda work must become the fuse for the struggle and development of organizations."The Political Department of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army called on the whole army to "in the revolutionary war, the resolute war to eliminate the Kuomintang rule and imperialism, we must intensify our propaganda work a hundredfold to capture the masses".Wherever the Red Army went, where the red flag was planted, the party's propaganda work was done.The resolution adopted by the first Party Congress of Sichuan-Shaanxi Province pointed out: "The most urgent thing at present is to expand the political propaganda of the Communist Party, and to apply the Communist Party's political platform and propositions in the simplest, most popular, clearest and most vivid way to all kinds of struggles. Propaganda, organization and incitement.”

Propaganda work in the Soviet area was organized and led by the Propaganda Department of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, the Cultural and Educational Committee of the Provincial Soviet Government, and the General Political Department of the Red Fourth Front Army. There are two kinds of propaganda teams: regular and temporary. The regular propaganda team is separated from production and is dedicated to propaganda; the temporary propaganda team is temporarily organized by various revolutionary organizations.Local agencies and above the county level set up regular propaganda teams, with ten members as a team, and three to five teams in each county, with one captain and one brigade captain, under the command of the county Soviet Standing Committee.The propaganda teams of the counties were unified in the headquarters of the propaganda team under the Standing Committee of the Provincial Soviet.The Red Army set up a regular propaganda team. Each company has three to five people as a small team. There is one captain and one battalion captain. The small teams commanding the three companies form a team.The Propaganda Section of the Political Department of the regiment has a team leader who is responsible for unified command.Temporary propaganda teams can be added when necessary.

In addition to the masses in the Soviet area, the targets of the propaganda included the enemy troops.The Sichuan-Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and the County Party Committee have set up a "White Soldiers Working Committee" to be responsible for the work of winning over white soldiers. "Outline of Army Slogans", the propaganda team wrote a lot of popular propaganda materials telling the pain of the White Army soldiers, publicizing the benefits of joining the Red Army, and agitating to abandon the dark and turn to the light. They sang or shouted to the White Army soldiers in the front positions. As a result, the "Second Battlefield" was opened up, and many White Army soldiers were moved and defected to the Red Army.

Among the various and colorful publicity activities, the most distinctive one is the stone carvings of the Red Army all over Sichuan and Shaanxi.Stone carving propaganda is a great pioneering work of the party's propaganda and cultural work during the Agrarian Revolution.The stone carvings of the Red Army are rich in content, including stone literature, stone slogans, stone couplets, etc.The stone carvings of the Red Army in the Sichuan-Shanxi Soviet Area have the largest number of inscriptions and preservation, the widest distribution range, the largest single format, and the largest number of words in a single sheet. They have become China's unique revolutionary historical and cultural resources and can be called a major cultural wonder in the world.

Tong, Nan, and Ba areas belong to karst landforms, rich in stone resources, and there is no shortage of skilled craftsmen who write slogans and lettering. In addition, the Kuomintang imposed an economic blockade on the Soviet area, and the Red Army and Soviet agencies lacked office and propaganda paper, so they wrote with chalk and ink. The slogans were washed away by the rain within a few days, while the slogans engraved on stones can be preserved for a long time, so the propaganda model of using stones as propaganda positions soon emerged as the times require. In February 1933, after the Red Army liberated Tong, Nan, Ba and other places, the propaganda team of the 73rd Division of the Red Army carved an earlier giant stone slogan in the Soviet area on the cliff opposite the Tongjiang County, "Strive for Soviet China!" A stone-carved slogan hangs high on the cliff, and the writing is vigorous and eye-catching.The army and local representatives who came to attend the First Party Congress and the First Congress of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers in Sichuan-Shaanxi Province were encouraged by this stone-carved slogan.Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao were very happy after seeing this slogan, and asked the propaganda teams of all military divisions to promote this practice.The General Political Department of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army convened a group of masons who specialized in chiseling stones for a living, and set up a "chisel team" to inscribe slogans on stones.Chisel teams are distributed in various places in urban and rural areas. They write slogans and slogans in various places such as fields, villages, river banks, roadsides, cliffs, steep slopes, gables, stone walls, porches of buildings, stone pillars, old stone tablets, and plaques. Even very long articles are written down.For example, the "Labor Law of the First National Congress of the All-China Soviets (Draft)" of more than 6,000 words, the "Proclamation of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Government", the "Outline of the Constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic" and the "Ten Political Programs of the Communist Party of China" of more than 3,000 words. .

Since then, the propaganda of stone-carved slogans has risen rapidly in various parts of the Soviet area.The Chisel Team of the Propaganda Department of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, the Front Army Headquarters and the Chisel Teams of the Political Departments of each Army and Division carved a large number of stone inscriptions.According to the census in the 1980s, there are more than 4,000 stone carvings of the Red Army in the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area, of which there are more than 3,000 in Tong, Nan, and Ba counties. At present, there are nearly 1,000 stone carvings of the Red Army in Bazhong City.The Red Army stone carvings are rich in content, covering everything from politics, military, economy, social life, culture and education.Fu Zhong, Song Guang, Liu Ruilong, Liao Chengzhi, Wei Chuantong and other propaganda and cultural celebrities in the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area personally wrote and organized a large number of Red Army stone carvings with ideological, cultural and artistic value.

In 1983, Bazhong City carried out large-scale urban construction, and a group of stone carvings were excavated during the street renovation, which became precious stone carvings of the party during the Agrarian Revolution. Political and legal documents include "The Constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic" (216 centimeters, width 296 centimeters), "Ten Major Political Programs of the Communist Party of China" (monument height 216 centimeters, width 270 centimeters), "Labor Law of the First National Congress of the Chinese Soviets (Draft) "(the monument is 267 centimeters high, 429 centimeters wide, a national first-class cultural relic), "Proclamation of the Soviet Government of Sichuan and Shanxi Province" (the monument is 230 centimeters high, 229 centimeters wide, national second-class cultural relics).According to research, these stone carvings were the result of the Chisel Team of the Propaganda Department of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee in November 1933. When the time was right, they were erected in the vicinity of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, the Soviet Government of Sichuan-Shaanxi Province, and the Bazhong Special Municipal Party Committee. Crossroads.The Political Department of the Northwest Military Region engraved "Support the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic" on the wall of Yuwang Palace in Jiangkou Town, Pingchang County.The Political Department of the 30th Red Army engraved "Armed Support for the Soviet Union" in Enyang Town, Bazhou District. The characters are 255 centimeters wide and 171 centimeters high, which is a standard regular script.

After the Battle of Xuanda, the Red Army liberated Da County.The military headquarters of the Red Thirty Army entered a landlord's house.This is a large mansion. Outside the gate is a spacious gatehouse made of stone pillars several meters high. On both sides of the gatepost, the Red Army chiseled team engraved a slogan with a neat confrontation and shocking content: "The ax splits the new world, The sickle cuts the old universe", and the inner side of the two stone pillars is engraved with "equal division of land, class struggle".Now, this slogan has been preserved as a precious historical relic of the revolution.

The stone carving of "Red Hua Quanchuan" in Shaxi, Tongjiang can be called the "King of Slogans" of the Red Army stone carvings. There is another story behind the slogan "Redification of the whole Sichuan". In March of the lunar calendar in 1934, the chisel team of the Fourth Front Army Headquarters of the Red Army was preparing to carve a slogan "The Kuomintang is the running dog of imperialism" on the rock wall of Shaxi, Tongjiang. Liu Ruilong, director of the Propaganda Department of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, and his party came to inspect the slogan. Liu Ruilong felt that the slogan was not bold enough, so he suggested that the chisel team should change the engraving of the four characters "Red Hua Quanchuan" and asked the engraving to be as large as possible. The phrase "redification of the whole Sichuan" comes from the summary of the Third Party Congress of the CPC Sichuan-Shaanxi Province on December 23, 1933: the task of "redification of the whole Sichuan" is urgently before you.

"Redification of Sichuan" is concise and concise, clearly expressing the fighting purpose of the Red Army in Sichuan, and it is very appealing.According to Liu Ruilong's proposal, it was written by a primary school teacher surnamed Zhang in Enyang, Bazhong. More than 20 stonemasons took more than a month to carve the slogan. Each character of "Chi Hua Quan Chuan" has a size of 30 square meters, which is more than enough for one person to lie in the deep strokes.Among Chinese stone carvings, the size of this character ranks first in China. "Red Transformation of Quanchuan" stands on the top of a high mountain, with powerful brushstrokes and uncanny workmanship, which can be seen dozens of miles away, and has great shocking power.The enemy hated this slogan very much and wanted to destroy it, but the stone-carved slogan was located on a cliff in a remote mountain, so it was no easy task to destroy it. s color. The giant stone-carved slogan of "Red Transforming the whole Sichuan" is majestic and majestic, like a giant shouting from a height, shocking. In the era of revolutionary wars of blood and fire, these revolutionary truths, which penetrated through time and space, stood between heaven and earth. The majestic momentum makes the enemy tremble with fear and inspires the people.After nearly 80 years of trials and vicissitudes, "Red Quanchuan" still stands proudly, admired by thousands of people, and has become a vivid teaching material for revolutionary traditional education. In 1983, President Li Xiannian titled the "Nanjiang Red Army Stone Carved Slogan Exhibition Garden", and the old Red Army Wei traditionally wrote: The stone of Nanjiang, the slogan is eternal. Looking back at Bashan, Yonggesitu!