Chapter 19 Fourth Red Army General Hospital

From Hubei, Henan and Anhui to Sichuan and Shaanxi, the troops moved thousands of miles away, and there were wounded and sick in every battle. Because the troops had to march and fight and had no base, they often had to reluctantly leave some seriously wounded in place. Became a victim of the enemy's cruel revenge, so that some soldiers said that they would rather die than be injured.After sacrifice, there is no more pain, and after injury, there is often more suffering.In the case of continuous wars, how to treat the wounded has become a major issue in the development of the army.After entering Sichuan, the situation was relatively stable. The headquarters of the Red Fourth Front Army decided to use the Red Tenth Division Hospital as the basis, and transferred some medical personnel from the Eleventh Division Hospital and the Seventy-third Division Hospital to establish the Northwest Military Commission General Hospital in Nixichang, also known as the Red Fourth Division Hospital. Front Army General Hospital.At that time, the General Hospital was very small, with only 30 medical staff.

In January 1933, the General Hospital moved to Maoyu Town. Due to the limitation of environmental conditions, the scale of the General Hospital was small, lack of doctors and nurses, lack of medical equipment, and the wards were distributed in Washipu, Jiuyuxi, Leijiahe, Yuan In the Chihe area, more than 1,400 wounded and sick were treated, and the treatment conditions were very poor. In March 1933, Tian Songyao launched a "three-way siege" to the newly established Soviet area.In order to lure the enemy to go deep, the headquarters of the Red Fourth Front Army withdrew from Tongjiang City, and the General Hospital was moved from Maoyu Town to Nixi Zhuzikan. In May 1933, the Red Fourth Front Army launched a counterattack against Kongshanba.The fighting was extremely fierce, and the number of wounded troops increased sharply. In order to receive treatment nearby, the General Hospital was ordered to move from Nixichang to Changpo of Mengba.When I was in Changpo, the General Hospital had 14 Chinese and Western doctors and about 30 medical staff.Even with such conditions and scale, the General Hospital still admitted and treated 1,500 wounded and sick.In July of the same year, as the anti-"three-way siege" ended successfully, the General Hospital was ordered to move to Yinggezui in Minsheng Town.Due to the increase of wounded and sick, the scale of the hospital has also expanded, and the number of wounded and sick has increased sharply, but the scale and medical conditions of the hospital are far from meeting the needs. political commissar.

In the summer of 1933, Zhang Qinqiu was transferred from the secretary of the Hongjiang County Party Committee of Sichuan-Shanxi Province to the director of the Political Department of the General Hospital of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army. In fact, he became the person in charge of specific affairs of the general hospital.Zhang Qinqiu is both civil and military, with extremely high political accomplishment and leadership talent. The main leaders of the General Hospital, such as Zhang Qinqiu, Zhou Guangtan, and Su Jingguan, overcame unimaginable difficulties in an extremely difficult environment. The medical and health undertakings in the country are developing vigorously.

After staying in Yinggezui for about half a year, at the end of 1933, Liu Xiang launched a "six-way siege", and the Fourth Red Army tightened its position and retreated step by step.The general hospital is full of wounded and medical personnel, so a safe and reliable environment with convenient transportation is necessary.After selection, in February 1934, the General Hospital was transferred to Wangping in Shaxi. Wangping is the rear of the Sichuan-Shanxi base area.Located in the hinterland of Daba Mountain, it is connected to Zhuyuguan, the gateway of northern Sichuan in the east, Tongjiang River in the south, Seoul, an important military town in the west, and Jianchiba in the hinterland of Bashan Mountain in the north.There are towering mountains on all sides, and criss-crossing ditches everywhere. The center of the general hospital is backed by the majestic Dachengzhai, with the gurgling Shaxi River at its feet, and cliffs plunging into the sky on both sides. The whole terrain is like a big armchair. Wangping, where the general hospital is located, has a radius of more than ten miles. The terrain is relatively flat, surrounded by fertile land, rice fields, mountains and plains, bamboo trees, lush greenery all year round, beautiful scenery, mild climate, suitable for recuperating and treating diseases. It is the establishment of a field hospital. A rare place.Here, the General Hospital has achieved considerable development. In its heyday, there were more than 4,000 people, including more than 1,000 Chinese and Western medical staff.

The General Hospital is a unit directly under the General Political Department of the Red Fourth Front Army, and its establishment is equivalent to the military level.At that time, because the Sichuan-Shanxi Soviet Area was surrounded by the enemy, the General Hospital not only had to lead the medical and health work of the whole army, but also managed the administrative affairs of the medical institutions of the whole army. The function of the hospital is actually an institution integrating medicine, politics, military, teaching, and research, and emphasizing both Chinese and Western medicine.

The General Hospital consists of three major departments, the Political Department, the Medical Affairs Department, and the General Affairs Office. It governs seven branch hospitals, five military hospitals, fifteen division hospitals, and forty-four regiment health centers. The most complete rear hospital. The Political Department is in charge of all administrative affairs of the general hospital system, and includes the Organization Section, Propaganda Section and Security Section.Zhang Qinqiu, the first director of the Political Department.After Zhang Qinqiu was transferred to the Women's Independence Group, Xu Liqing took over as the director of the Political Department.At first, the Political Department was located in a landlord's compound by the main road, but later moved to a secluded mountain surrounded by green trees for safety reasons.The Organization Section is responsible for the management of personnel and party and league members of the whole hospital.

The Propaganda Department is the most active department in the hospital, responsible for the publicity, culture and education work of the hospital. It also has a Lenin school, clubs, newspaper groups, and singing groups.The Lenin School is responsible for recruiting guards, nurses and a certain number of wounded and sick. The textbooks for learning are "Readers for New Soldiers" and "Red Warrior Series" compiled by the General Political Department.The club was a cultural place at that time, and it was also the most popular place. The club has produced sports equipment such as swings, wooden horses, and sand pits for the lightly injured to exercise.

The club also has a new troupe with more than fifty actors, which is Zhang Qinqiu's idea.The troupe has a small band, with erhu, flute and accordion as the main instruments.Zhang Qinqiu is a talented student of Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow. She is politically firm, calm-headed, good at singing and dancing, and has extremely high political theory and artistic accomplishment.After serving as the director of the Political Department of the General Hospital, Zhang Qinqiu regarded these wounded and sick who were bleeding and wounded for the revolution as his own brothers, and tried every means to help them recover with the gentleness, meticulousness and considerateness unique to women.To treat injuries, in addition to drugs, there are also psychotherapy.Seeing that the sick and wounded were suffering from injuries all day long, they were not in a high mood. In order to mobilize the self-recovery ability of the wounded, Zhang Qinqiu extensively searched for fighters with artistic talent, organized them to perform for the wounded and sick.Zhang Qinqiu sometimes participates in performances in person.She went to the ward to inspect several times, and when she heard that Director Zhang had come, the wounded and sick immediately cheered up.Once, Zhang Qinqiu came to a seriously injured ship.It was very hot that day, and she saw the sweat beaded on the seriously wounded man's face, so she sat beside him, took out the towel she used, wiped his sweat, and asked his name, place of origin, and where he was injured. Injured, hurt, and asked him what he wanted.Unexpectedly, the wounded said, my biggest request is to hear Director Zhang sing.As soon as his words came out, the wounded and sick around him applauded.Zhang Qinqiu said generously: "Okay, everyone likes to listen to my singing, so I will sing a song for everyone." Zhang Qinqiu has a natural good voice. Forget the heat, bathed in her wonderful singing.At the end of the song, there was applause in the ward, and Zhang Qinqiu sang another song for everyone.When Zhang Qinqiu left, the seriously ill patient's eyes were full of tears.Leaving the ward, Zhang Qinqiu immediately called the person in charge of the theater troupe and asked them to arrange some small songs and dances reflecting the fighting life of the soldiers as soon as possible, and often performed for the wounded and sick.Most of the performances are performed outside the wards. For some seriously injured patients who cannot move, the theater troupe will go to the wards and perform at their beds.Every time the troupe comes to perform, it is the happiest time for the wounded and sick. The more famous programs include the song and dance "August Osmanthus Blooms Everywhere", the drama "Liu Xiang Casting into the River" and so on.

The Security Section, also known as the Traffic Section, is mainly responsible for hospital security.The Security Section is equipped with a battalion of troops, consisting of four infantry companies and a cavalry platoon. The Medical Affairs Department is mainly responsible for the military's medical work, popularizing medical and health knowledge, training medical personnel, and guiding the business work of the hospitals under its jurisdiction. Since most of the wounded in the General Hospital were traumatized by swords and guns, the Department of Western Medicine is an important department in the hospital, and the operating room for the wounded and sick is located in the Department of Western Medicine.The operating room is probably the most luxurious place in the general hospital.The operating room was originally a large manor of a landlord. It is different from the common brick houses in rural areas. The houses in this manor are tall and spacious, and the walls are all painted with white lime. The most conspicuous thing is the spacious and bright windows. Very rare glass, the sunlight shines into the house, bright and dignified, this kind of house is very rare in the local area, and it is called "foreign house".There are three rooms in the bungalow, one for storing surgical instruments and medicines, one for the disinfection preparation room before the doctor's operation, and one for the operating room.Two square tables are side by side, with a white sheet on top, which is the operating table.Sangsiping, more than 20 miles away from Wangping, has a branch of western medicine, which is equivalent to a branch hospital, and it has treated more than 2,000 wounded and sick at most.Nursing schools, also known as health schools, specialize in training medical personnel for the general hospital and branch hospitals.The principal, Su Jingguan, has more than two hundred students, all of whom are young men and women aged 16 or 17.

The Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine is located in Liaoping, about two miles away from the General Hospital.The Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine is actually a hospital of traditional Chinese medicine. The patients in the General Hospital were almost all officers and soldiers wounded in battle, numbering in the thousands.In order to take care of them, the General Hospital organized more than 500 little red soldiers aged 12 or 13 into a nursing brigade, responsible for eating, drinking, pulling, sleeping and sleeping for the wounded and sick.These little red soldiers shuttle back and forth between various wards every day, fetching water and food for the wounded and sick, doing laundry and bathing, collecting medicines and medicines, and transporting firewood and food.These little Red Army use their immature hands to make their own contribution to the medical and health cause of the Red Army.

The General Affairs Office is the third largest department of the hospital, responsible for all the logistics work of the General Hospital and the support of medical equipment for each branch hospital, military and division hospitals. The General Affairs Department has a supply department, which is in charge of clothing, food, housing, transportation, purchasing, storage, canteens and an iron and wood factory for thousands of people in the hospital to make coffins for the dead, wounded and sick.In order to meet the needs of quilts, quilts, clothes, shoes, etc. for the beds of the sick and wounded, the General Affairs Office also has a textile company, a sewing company, a shoe making team, a bombing team, a laundry team, and a stretcher camp.The textile company has more than 150 spinning wheels, and the cotton thread spun is sent to the weaving factory in Kucaoba.The sewing company has three platoons with more than 90 people, the shoe making team has more than 50 people, and the popping team has more than 10 craftsmen, who specialize in cotton padding and cotton quilts for the general hospital.The more than 150 people in the laundry team are all young female Red Army soldiers. They wash and dry clothes for the wounded and sick on the banks of the Shaxi River every day throughout the year, in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The breath of youth has become a beautiful landscape along the Shaxi River. The three major departments of the general hospital and several departments, units, offices, schools, teams and other departments under it form a large-scale field hospital with a complete organizational system, which provides a strong guarantee for the continuous treatment of the wounded and sick. An important reference for the creation of the medical system. In addition to the three departments, the General Hospital also has several branch hospitals.With the continuous expansion of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base, the enemy's siege and the Red Army's counter-siege were carried out fiercely, the battles became more frequent, and the number of wounded and sick people also increased.To meet the needs, the General Hospital has set up several branch hospitals, mainly Liuergou Branch Hospital in Washipu, Xinbachang Branch Hospital in Xinbachang, and Caijiagou Branch Hospital in Shaxi Township. And the Zhangcunba Branch Hospital located in Mashi Township.The setting of the branch hospital is basically modeled on that of the general hospital, and it accepts the leadership of the general hospital administratively. The first major problem is the severe shortage of housing for accommodation and medical institutions. After the Red Army entered Sichuan, it continued to fight every day. In the past three years, there have been more than 1,700 battles. The brutal and fierce battles brought great casualties to the Fourth Red Army.In the defense of Wanyuan alone, three to four thousand wounded and sick people were transferred. At the peak, more than 1,000 wounded were sent in a day. "Every day after the operation, we have to pick up a big bag of blood cotton thrown away after surgery." The hospital admitted and treated more than 6,000 wounded and sick.In order to facilitate management and graded treatment, the General Hospital organizes the wounded and sick into 14 companies, namely: cadre company, seriously injured company, slightly injured company, sick company, recuperation company, etc. The cadre company admits all cadres above the company commander.The severely wounded companies are all critically injured, and the severely wounded companies are more mobile, and they will be transferred to the slightly wounded companies after their injuries improve.The lightly wounded company has the largest number of people, with a total of nine companies.The patient company is the officers and soldiers of patients admitted to the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Due to the harsh battlefield environment and the prevalence of typhoid, dysentery, and malaria, the Ministry of Traditional Chinese Medicine organized patients with typhoid and dysentery into a company of seriously ill patients, and patients suffering from malaria into a company of mildly ill patients.The recuperation company is also called the return company, and most of the injuries are basically healed, and they can be discharged after a period of recuperation here.The cadres and soldiers of the recuperation company must participate in certain activities, such as helping cook and light military training.All officers and soldiers who are discharged from the hospital must go to the hospital to complete the discharge procedures with the certificate of the recuperation company, otherwise they will be punished as indiscipline. Where do the 14 wounded soldiers plus nearly 7,000 medical personnel live? Wangping is located in a remote place, with only a small mountain village with a small population.The people here live a hard life and live in mud and thatched houses.After mobilization by the local Soviet, the common people vacated 17 private houses, but these houses were far from enough. Fewer houses and more people became a major contradiction.Considering the conditions at the time, it was unrealistic to build large-scale wards, and building a house was not a one-day effort.In order to alleviate the housing tension, the only way is to break up the whole into parts and live in scattered.The General Hospital put the Department of Western Medicine in Sangsiping, and the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Liaoping. Fourteen companies of wounded soldiers lived scattered with the company as the medical area. inside.Due to the shortage of housing, there are strict regulations on the beds for the sick and wounded. The bunks for the sick and the wounded should not exceed two feet five per person, one at each end, sleeping upside down; the bunks for the seriously injured should not exceed three feet wide.That's it, every room is full of beds. In addition to the operating room, drug warehouse, canteen and a small number of treatment rooms, the rest of the medical rooms are also with the wounded, and one or two houses in each medical area are used as places for seeing patients.This is how the general hospital was built as the largest comprehensive field hospital in the history of the Red Army.In just over a year, nearly 10,000 wounded and sick were admitted and treated, providing all-round medical protection for the wounded and sick of the Red Fourth Front Army during the battle in Sichuan and Shaanxi. The second major problem is the extreme shortage of medical personnel. Medical personnel are highly specialized and special talents.Considering the level of medical and health education in China at that time, professionally trained medical personnel were rare even in big cities. The bases of the Red Army were all established in remote areas where the enemy ruled weakly, and professional medical personnel were even rarer.Under the circumstances at that time, the medical personnel of the Red Army mainly came from three aspects: one was to capture the professional medical officers of the enemy and let them stay to serve the Red Army after doing work; ; The third is to run their own red medical school and train their own medical staff. The number of medical officers who captured the enemy on the battlefield was limited, so Zhou Guangtan and Zhang Qinqiu focused their attention on Chinese medicine.The characteristic of Chinese medicine is that it is passed down through families. Many Chinese medicine practitioners practice medicine at home after they acquire unique skills, and there are also some "walking doctors".Under the circumstances at that time, the problem of "presence or absence" had to be solved first, and a "doctor" was one who could cure diseases.In the case of a serious shortage of medical staff with professional background, they make full use of local Chinese medicine resources and hire and hire some old Chinese medicine practitioners to work in the hospital.But at that time, class antagonism was in full swing, and it was not easy to hire doctors who were not workers and poor peasants to serve the Red Army in the hospital. Some people regarded this as a serious "political problem."Rescuing and curing the sick and wounded is one of the most important tasks to stabilize the morale of the army and enhance the combat effectiveness of the army.Zhou Guangtan and Zhang Qinqiu argued hard on this issue. The focus of the debate was whether the so-called "political issue" was more important than saving the lives of Red Army soldiers, and whether medical personnel who were not workers and peasants could use them. On August 11, 1933, the headquarters of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army held a special medical work meeting. Zhou Guangtan and Zhang Qinqiu made important speeches at the meeting and proposed solutions to the problem of insufficient doctors.Their speeches received strong support from Xu Xiangqian, Chen Changhao, Fu Zhong and Zheng Yizhai.After the meeting, the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet and the General Political Department of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army successively issued a number of related policies, such as the resolution "Unite to fight for the old medical personnel and establish a Chinese pharmacy". is explicitly declared: Doctors, soldiers, technicians, skilled workers, scientists, writers and other professionals, intellectuals and students were not killed, but the government gave special preferential treatment to these talents if they were willing to serve loyally under the Soviet regime. Article 13 of the Announcement of the Soviet Government of Sichuan and Shanxi Province on Land Reform stipulates: Doctors, technicians, specialists, and teachers in the White Areas, in accordance with the Soviet law, work in the Red Areas, in addition to their due wages, and if their family members enter the country, they will also be given land. After obtaining the support of Zhou Guangtan, the president and political commissar of the General Hospital of the Front Army, Zhang Qinqiu contacted the local party committee and found Yan Shijin, secretary of the Shaxi District Committee of the Communist Party of China where he was stationed, and asked them to help provide information on local Chinese medicine. Provide a list and mobilize the Chinese medicine practitioners they are familiar with to work in the General Hospital.The first local Chinese medicine doctor who came to work in the General Hospital was Yan Wenzhong, and later Yan Wenzhong introduced Yang Chengyuan.Yang Chengyuan is a well-known old Chinese doctor in the local area, with excellent medical skills, but he once served as the head of the local security regiment. After the Red Army liberated Tongnanba, Yang Chengyuan was afraid of being suppressed and hid in the mountains.After hearing the news, Zhang Qinqiu believed that the Red Army was extremely short of medical talents, and Yang Chengyuan wanted to use his expertise for my own use.Accompanied by Yan Shijin and Yan Wenzhong, she went deep into the mountains and old forests, found Yang Chengyuan, and personally worked for him, guaranteeing with her personality that as long as he served the Red Army, she would not kill him.Zhang Qinqiu said: "The Communist Party means what it says. As long as Yang Chengyuan is willing to treat the Red Army and stop doing bad things, I will guarantee his safety with my head." Zhang Qinqiu took great political risks in doing so. At that time, the "suppression of counter-revolutionaries" in the Sichuan-Shaanxi base area was in full swing. In the ultra-left environment, many people were arrested and imprisoned for one word or one thing.Serving as a first-level official of the enemy's "Tuanzheng" must be severely punished according to regulations.Zhang Qinqiu invited the target of the suppression to be a doctor in the General Hospital, which aroused some criticism.Zhang Qinqiu resisted all opinions and insisted that Yang Chengyuan treat the Red Army soldiers.In order to thank the Red Army for not killing them, Yang Chengyuan saw more than 90 wounded and sick on the first day after arriving at the General Hospital. He showed superb medical skills and won the trust of everyone.In the future work, Yang Chengyuan was diligent and diligent, rescued many seriously injured people, and won the trust of the hospital.The Chinese and Western doctors with expertise in the General Hospital are all called medical officers, equivalent to company-level cadres in the army.Due to the financial and economic difficulties in the Soviet area, the military commanders and local cadres implemented a supply system, and all salaries were not paid, but special care was given to technical personnel.With the approval of the headquarters of the Fourth Red Front Army, salaries were given to a group of local medical officers such as Yang Zhengyuan. One hundred yuan, medical officer Li Bangrui's monthly salary is forty yuan.The hospital specially prescribes small-scale meals for doctors, "no meat, no meals"; for doctors who are addicted to smoking, opium is specially approved; old Chinese medicine practitioners can ride mules when they march and make visits.Going out to see a doctor with a mount is like assigning a special car to an expert today.Zhang Qinqiu even decided to appoint Yang Chengyuan as the person in charge of the hospital. In 1935, the Fourth Red Army withdrew from the Sichuan-Shaanxi base area. Regardless of his age, Yang Chengyuan resolutely decided to follow the Red Army on the Long March.At this time, Zhang Qinqiu had already left the general hospital. After receiving the news, she immediately gave her mount to Yang Chengyuan.On the Long March, Yang Chengyuan continued to treat Red Army soldiers. When the troops arrived in Lifan in western Sichuan, Yang Chengyuan died of illness.Before his death, he left his last words: "I met a bosom friend in my old age, and I was fortunate to participate in the revolution. My death is worth it, and I will die without complaint." In addition to retaining and hiring, Zhou Guangtan and Zhang Qinqiu's third method is to train themselves.Hold "red medical officer" and "red nurse" training courses, set up health schools, and train health talents.The biggest contributor to this work is Su Jingguan. Su Jingguan, a native of Huangchuan, Henan Province, was named Su Bingda and his name was Jingguan. He graduated from the Tianjin Naval Medical School in 1927 and joined the Communist Party of China in 1928. At the beginning of 1930, he left Huangchuan and entered the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet Areas and joined the Red Army.First served as a military doctor of the 28th Red Army Regiment, and later transferred to the director of surgery and dean of the Hospital of the First Division of the Red Army (later changed to the Tenth Division).The Red Army entered Sichuan to open a general hospital in Nixi. Su Jingguan was the first president of the General Hospital of the Fourth Red Army, and participated in the creation and leadership of the health care in the Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base. From July 1935 to March 1936, he served as the director of the Medical Affairs Bureau of the General Health Department of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army. After 1936, he successively served as Minister of the Health Department of the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Minister of the Health Department of the West Route Army of the Red Army, President of the Yan'an Border Hospital, President of the Eighth Route Army Hospital, Minister of the Health Department of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, and Director of the General Health Department of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China.After liberation, he served as Vice Minister of Health. In order to solve the shortage of medical personnel, after the Red Army entered Sichuan, Su Jingguan opened the first "Red Medical School" in the history of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army. Innocent, male and female teenagers without any suspicion of reaction were assigned to serve in various Red Army and worker and peasant hospitals after graduation.While Su Jingguan established the General Hospital, he also acted as the principal himself. He compiled textbooks, lectured in person, and led students to practice.Su Jingguan, Zhou Ji'an, Lin Chunfang, Li Bingwu, Huang Xingrong, Pan Wensen, Yu Mingcheng and other doctors taught courses such as pathology, anatomy, pharmacology, and choroidology, and trained a large number of health workers for the Fourth Red Army.After the general hospital was located in Wangping Village, Su Jingguan, in addition to serving as the director of surgery, devoted his energy to opening a health school and training medical personnel.Thanks to the efforts of Su Jingguan, the "Red Health School" was opened with great fanfare. The trainees learned a lot of urgently needed practical knowledge in a relatively short period of time. The level of medical care of the Red Fourth Front Army.The school has trained more than 400 medical talents for the base area. The third major problem is the unprecedented shortage of medicines and medical devices. After the Red Army entered Sichuan, there were frequent wars, and the general hospital admitted about 3,000 wounded people a day. When the Wanyuan Defense War was the most difficult, the daily number of wounded patients was as high as 6,000.With so many wounded and sick, there is a huge demand for medicines and medical equipment.Due to the enemy's blockade, medicines and medical equipment needed for treatment are extremely scarce.The main sources of medicine and medical equipment for the Red Army at that time were as follows: seized.This was the main source of medicine and medical equipment for the Red Army during the war years.Every time the battle is over and the troops clean up the battlefield, they must pay attention to counting the seized medicines and medical equipment, and then send them to the General Hospital.The General Political Department and the General Manager's Department specifically notified the troops to request the confiscation of drugs and medical equipment.But the number is small and not systematic enough. Buy.This is an important way for the Red Army General Hospital system to obtain medicines and medical equipment.At that time, the order in which the Red Army went to the enemy-occupied areas to purchase materials through the underground transportation line was: maps, radio stations, ammunition needed for commanding battles, and then medical supplies.The general manager of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army and the General Hospital of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army sent people dressed as businessmen to buy them in big cities in enemy-occupied areas, and then tried to smuggle them back.After the Red Fourth Front Army and Sun Weiru's Ministry reached a non-aggression agreement, the underground transportation station established by Wu Zhiping through the underground party became an important procurement and transportation channel.However, due to the enemy's tight blockade and traffic jams, the number is limited. self made.The medical staff of the General Hospital are self-reliant and try to produce urgently needed drugs and medical devices by themselves. This is the most important and important way. The Daba mountains are high and densely forested, and the resources of Chinese herbal medicines are extremely rich. The general manager's department purchases a large number of Chinese herbal medicine raw materials through the economic communes and poor peasant cooperatives widely established in the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area and processes them by itself.The General Hospital also specially organizes a team of digging medicines into the mountains to collect them. At the same time, it grows platycodon, Chuanxiong, safflower and other commonly used Chinese herbal medicines.For example, use raw pinellia, raw Chuanxiong, and raw grass black juice as anesthetics, and mash and apply to the wound with large and small blood vines, Jianzhongxiao, and young tung tree branches.If the sand and broken bones cannot be taken out, use castor seeds and inverted dragon to make a paste and apply it on the wound, so that the sand and broken bones will flow out automatically. The contents of self-made medicines are very extensive, such as calcium salt injection, iodine tincture, glucose injection and opium made from opium, as well as tincture of camphor, tincture of polygala, tincture of tangerine peel, tincture of bean onion and other medicines.Painkillers and narcotics made from opium, in particular, worked well.Most of the wounded in the Red Army were wounds caused by knives and guns, and anesthetics were needed for the treatment of such wounds.However, anesthetics were in short supply. At first, when the wounded were operated on, there were almost no anesthetics, and the operation could only be performed forcibly with the patience of the wounded. Later, the surgeon mixed white wine and bleaching powder and distilled it to make an anesthetic called "Ge Lefang". Inhalation of this drug into the mouth of the wounded before the operation can achieve a better anesthesia effect.Opium tobacco is a drug grown in large quantities in the Sichuan-Shaanxi base area. Physicians in the Pharmacy Department of the General Hospital used opium opium as a raw material and extracted it to make morphine as an analgesic.There is no distilled water for injection, so the water is boiled in a steam bucket, the steam is collected like wine, and then cooled into water.Wound treatment requires a large amount of degreased cotton wool. The pharmacy department breaks up ordinary cotton, folds it into blocks, soaks it in cold water, presses it into thin slices, boils it in water to remove the grease, and finally rinses it with bleach and disinfects it to make cotton wool.Add alkali to the soil cotton cloth and cook it repeatedly in a pot to make it soft, then add bleaching powder to clean it, and then soak it in salt water for disinfection and use it as medicinal gauze.Without X-ray equipment, it is impossible to accurately diagnose the bullets or shrapnel on the wounded, so iron or bamboo probes are used to explore around the wound. Not only did the hospital lack medicines and medical equipment, but they didn’t even have common sanitary appliances. Without urinals, the medical staff used large bamboo tubes as urinals for the sick and wounded.Every morning, the nurses take out the bamboo tubes used by the wounded and sick, throw them out, and rinse them clean.In order to help the local people eliminate the dangers of opium smoke, they also developed their own smoking cessation medicine. This kind of smoking cessation medicine has a good curative effect. Generally, addicted people can quit smoking after taking it for a period of time, so it is called "Shen Wanzi". . Li Yaoyu once participated in the nurse training class at the Red Army General Hospital in Wangping, the hinterland of Bashan. He described the scene in the hospital like this: At that time, common diseases were mainly treated with traditional Chinese medicine.Some sick and wounded suffered from abdominal pain, sweating profusely, and screaming.The old Chinese doctor asked the nurse to quickly grind the ink, found another rifle bullet, pulled out the bullet, poured the gunpowder in the bullet into the ink, and immediately fed the patient.After a while, the sick wounded got up from the bamboo bed, wiped the cold sweat off his face, and grinned, his stomach pain was gone. Due to the fierce fighting, hundreds of wounded and sick were sent to the general hospital for treatment. Although the medical staff of the general hospital tried their best to treat them, many wounded and sick died honorably due to the deterioration of their injuries due to lack of medical treatment.The sick and wounded died every day in the hospital, and dozens of earthen graves were piled up on the hillside and under the big trees every day.At the beginning, some wooden boards could be found to make coffins, and a small tombstone was erected in front of each martyr's tomb, with the martyr's name, hometown and position engraved on it.After the death of senior cadres, a memorial service will be held and stone tablets will be engraved.But when the battle against the "six-way siege" was at its most tense, more and more sick and wounded sacrificed, and there was not so much wood to make coffins, so soft burial was carried out, and there were even cases where several or more martyrs' remains were buried together.The anti-"six-way siege" campaign went on for more than ten months. The general hospital received tens of thousands of wounded and sick, and thousands of people died in the hospital.During that time, the sick and wounded died every day, and the surrounding area of ​​Wangping was covered with graves of martyrs, forming a huge area of ​​martyrs' cemeteries. In order to praise the revolutionary martyrs, in July 1934, the General Hospital of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army decided to build a tombstone in the cemetery of the martyrs in Wangping.Zhang Qinqiu personally designed the drawing and inscribed the inscription on the inscription. The tombstone is made of hard sapphire. The body of the tomb is rectangular and consists of a cap, a body and a base. The tomb of the heroic martyrs of the front army", on both sides are couplets of "sacrifice for the workers and peasants", "the pioneer of the revolution", and the horizontal comment is "glory to all ages".The left and right sides of the stele are engraved with pistol and rifle patterns respectively, and hammer, sickle and five-star patterns are engraved on it.There is a stone table in front of the martyr's tombstone, and a stone mortar is placed on each side. In October 1934, the monument was completed. In the autumn of 1935, after the Red Army withdrew from Tongjiang, the Landlord Returning Home Mission deliberately dug up the grave and destroyed the stele, and the local people buried the tombstone deep in the ground in the middle of the night.After the founding of New China, the original tombstones, stone altars, mortars and part of the tombs of martyrs were restored. In August 1952, the visiting delegation of the Central People's Government to the Southern Old Revolutionary Base, led by Yu Hongyuan, a veteran of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army and former chairman of Sichuan and Shaanxi Province, paid homage to the tomb of the martyr Wangping and held a grand memorial meeting. In April 1982, Xu Xiangqian wrote an inscription for the garden: "Learn the spirit of the revolutionary martyrs who are not afraid of hardships and dedication to the revolution, and strive to realize the four modernizations of the motherland!" Wangping Martyrs Tomb is the only tombstone built by the Red Army for the martyrs who sacrificed themselves. In 1985, the People's Government of Sichuan Province renamed it "Wangping Martyrs Cemetery of the Red Fourth Front Army", which is also the largest Red Army Martyrs Cemetery in the country; on August 1, 2002, the Ministry of Civil Affairs approved the name change to "Red Army Martyrs Cemetery of the Sichuan-Shanxi Revolutionary Base Area". . In June 2011, the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to repair and expand the martyrs cemetery, and put the remains of martyrs scattered in Tong, Nan, and Ba in the cemetery.According to the requirements of "solemn, solemn and quiet", the new cemetery is composed of the memorial archway of the cemetery, the collection of tombs in the cemetery and the Memorial Park of the Unknown Soldier.After the expansion, the Red Army Martyrs Cemetery in the Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base covers an area of ​​350 mu. The cemetery is backed by the majestic Dachengzhai, and the clear and winding Shaxi River flows slowly in front of the cemetery. It keeps telling people the history of the struggle of the martyrs back then. Entering the cemetery, the oncoming is the solemn and solemn archway.The archway is carved from white marble with six pillars and five gates, 12 meters high and 25 meters wide, to commemorate the liberation of Tongjiang County by the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army on December 25, 1932."Cemetery of Red Army Martyrs in Sichuan-Shanxi Revolutionary Base Area" is engraved on the archway in dark red.Under the archway is the wide "iron blood loyalty" square, the square area is 10,000 square meters, and a group of huge sculptures stands in the center of the square.The sculpture is 19 meters long, 3.2 meters wide and 7.8 meters high. It is composed of 19 stone figures.The sculpture vividly reproduces the scenes of the people in the Soviet area actively joining the army, supporting the front line, medical personnel providing rescue in the field, and Red Army soldiers fighting the enemy bravely.From the square to the top of the cemetery is the "Qianqiu Avenue" with a total length of 425 meters. The avenue consists of 341 steps.It means that the Red Army General Hospital entered Wangping in January 1934. Slowly ascending along hundreds of stone stairs, you will come to the cemetery of the cemetery with the tombstone "Tomb of the Heroic Martyrs of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army".The tomb is 8.5 meters high and 20 meters wide. There are 7,823 Red Army martyrs in the tomb.Marshal Xu Xiangqian wrote the inscription "Learn the spirit of the revolutionary martyrs who are not afraid of hardships and dedication to the revolution, and strive to realize the four modernizations of the motherland" and the old Red Army and calligrapher General Wei Tongtong wrote "Don't be afraid of blood on Wangping. When the sun returns, you have to sacrifice the tomb; the revolutionary tradition will continue forever, revitalize China and comfort the heroic spirits" poem monuments stand on both sides of the tomb. Behind the tomb is the Memorial Garden of the Unknown Soldier, which covers an area of ​​150 mu and is distributed in a fan shape. In the park, the remains of 17,225 unknown soldiers who were relocated from Tong, Nan, and Ba are placed.There are thousands of white marble tombstones, each with a red star on it, just like a general leading soldiers in formation, showing the party and the people the rigorous military appearance of the Red Army. The cemetery is solemn and solemn.Standing in the cemetery, looking up at the remains of the martyrs and silently reading the inscriptions introducing their life stories, it is like reading the history of the heroic battles of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army.The blue sky and white clouds, the gentle breeze, the bursting of pines, and the harmony of the mountains, this is the solemn carol that the people are singing to the martyrs, and it is also like the majestic cry of the martyrs before their death. It is the baptism of the soul to get rid of the common dust and visit the tombs of the martyrs in Bashanshushui. The Fourth Red Front Army General Hospital has made significant historical contributions to the development and growth of the Fourth Red Front Army and the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area. In the spring of 1935, the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army began the Long March. The General Hospital organized all the wounded and sick into four regiments and withdrew from Wangping to march westward. The Ministry of Health has ended the historical mission of the General Hospital of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army.