Chapter 10 wooden door meeting

After arriving in Sichuan and Shaanxi, the Fourth Red Army faced two major tasks. One was to establish a solid base, and the other was to expand the Red Army.In the case of war, the establishment of base areas is to enable the Red Army to have a reliable rear, stable sources of troops and material support, so that the Red Army can rely on it for operations; when the Red Army is strong, the base areas also have reliable guarantees.The two are inseparable.After smashing Tian Songyao's "three-way siege", the Sichuan-Shaanxi base area was expanded, the Red Army was replenished, and the troops won a short period of rest.Since leaving the Hubei, Henan and Anhui base areas, for more than half a year, the Red Fourth Front Army has been in the process of intense campaigns. The construction of the base area and some important matters within the party and the army need to be resolved urgently.After deliberation by several leaders of the headquarters, it was decided to hold a party congress and a military meeting.

On June 25, 1933, the Sichuan-Shanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China held the second party congress in Xinchangba, Tongjiang. Zeng Zhongsheng made a work report on behalf of the provincial party committee.The main content is to expand the Red Army, arm poor peasants, and actively carry out guerrilla warfare around base areas and enemy-occupied areas.Carry out the agrarian revolution in depth, establish and stabilize grassroots regimes at all levels, expand anti-imperialist propaganda, strengthen the editing and distribution of the military newspaper "Red Army", issue the theoretical publication "Must Read for Cadres", and call on party members, league members, revolutionary masses and military We will carry out the work of white areas and soldiers of the white army, expand and improve party organizations at all levels, trade unions, and the Communist Youth League.

Thirty-six kilometers southeast of Wangcang County is an ancient town named Mumen Town. According to legend, during the Three Kingdoms period, Shu and Wei fought fiercely at Mumen many times. Zhang Fei set up an ambush here and shot Zhang Yun to death with random arrows.There is an ancient temple in Mumen Town named Mumen Temple. Mumen Temple was originally named Laozhi Temple. According to legend, it was built in the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty. It was destroyed in the war in the Sui Dynasty and rebuilt after the Tang Dynasty.Mumen Temple is backed by Qinglongzhai and faces Jinyu River. The building is magnificent and solemn. The main hall, front hall, back hall and auxiliary hall are arranged in an orderly manner. The surrounding ancient trees are towering, green bamboos are verdant, and the environment is very quiet. On June 28, 1933, the headquarters of the Red Fourth Front Army held a military meeting in Mumen Temple.Zhang Guotao, Xu Xiangqian, Chen Changhao, Wang Shusheng, Zeng Zhongsheng, Fu Zhong, Zhang Qinqiu, Li Xiannian, Zeng Chuanliu and other leaders of the Fourth Red Front Army and more than 100 division-level cadres attended the meeting.The meeting was presided over by commander-in-chief Xu Xiangqian and political commissar Chen Changhao.The main leaders of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Provincial Soviet Government attended the meeting.Xu Xiangqian made a speech on military issues, and Chen Changhao made speeches on issues such as army building, political situation, learning, and base area construction.The meeting made the following important decisions:

(1) Strengthen the unity of the whole party and strengthen the military and political construction of the army; (2) Improve the combat effectiveness of the troops, expand the troops, and expand the Red Fourth Front Army from the four divisions that entered Sichuan into four armies; (3) Strengthen the political work of the troops and vigorously carry out military training; (4) Restoring the Pengyang Military and Political School and strengthening military and political education; (5) Do not expand the suppression of counter-revolutionaries, and stop the suppression of counter-revolutionaries within the Red Army;

(6) Regarding the development of local work. The Mumen meeting was an important military meeting held after the Fourth Red Army left the Hubei, Henan and Anhui base areas.The meeting earnestly summed up the combat experience, so that the combat experience accumulated by the Red Fourth Army since the Jute Uprising gradually rose from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, and the military, political, organizational, and logistical tasks of the troops were improved. The meeting called on cadres at all levels to There is a spirit of learning while fighting, constantly summing up combat experience and lessons, studying military theory, and exploring new strategies and tactics.According to the spirit of the meeting, the units of the Red Fourth Front Army were expanded in early July.

Based on the Tenth Division, together with the independent regiments in Tongjiang and Chibei counties and the independent battalions in Wanyuan and Jiangkou counties, they were expanded into the Fourth Army.Army Commander Wang Hongkun, Political Commissar Zhou Chunquan, Deputy Army Commander Liu Shengmo, and Director of the Political Department Xu Liqing.Under the jurisdiction of the Tenth Division, the Eleventh Division, and the Twelfth Division. Based on the Twelfth Division, together with the independent battalions of the independent regiments in Bazhong, Enyang, Yilong, Langzhong and other counties, it was expanded into the Ninth Army.Army Commander He Wei, Political Commissar Zhan Caifang, Deputy Army Commander Xu Shiyou, Chief of Staff Wang Xueli, Director of the Political Department Wang Xinting.Under the jurisdiction of the 25th Division and the 27th Division.

Based on the eleventh division, together with the local independent regiment and other local armed forces, it was expanded into the thirtieth army.Army Commander Yu Tianyun, Political Commissar Li Xiannian, Deputy Army Commander Cheng Shicai, Chief of Staff Wen Jianwu, Director of the Political Department Zhang Chengtai.It has eighty-eight divisions, eighty-nine divisions, and ninety divisions under its jurisdiction. Based on the 73rd Division, together with the independent regiments and independent battalions in Nanjiang, Hongjiang, Wangcang and other counties, it was expanded into the 31st Army.Army commander Wang Shusheng (concurrently), political commissar Zhang Guangcai, and political department director Zhang Chengtai.Under the jurisdiction of the 91st Division, the 92nd Division, and the 93rd Division.

The organs directly under the front army include the staff office, the general manager's department, the general hospital, the Pengyang military and political school, the first guard regiment, the second guard regiment, and the women's independent battalion. After the reorganization was completed, the Red Fourth Front Army had a total of 40,000 troops under its jurisdiction, becoming one of the three main red armies of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.It is such a Red Army unit that has been tested by blood and fire and has strong combat effectiveness. Its leading cadres are young and promising, well-tested, politically and militaryly mature and handsome.That year, Xu Xiangqian was 32 years old, Chen Changhao was 28 years old, Wang Shusheng was 28 years old, and Li Xiannian, who would later serve as the president of the country, was only 24 years old.

On May 26, 1933, another conflict broke out between Liu Xiang and Liu Wenhui. The attention of several major warlords in Sichuan turned to internal competition.This gave the Red Army a brief but extremely valuable opportunity. The Red Fourth Front Army carried out base construction and a three-month military training campaign. To win a war, there are many important factors, such as troop equipment, logistical support, soldiers' morale, training level, soldiers' quality and so on.During the arduous revolutionary war period, the Red Army always defeated the many with the few, and the strong with the weak, and defeated the Kuomintang army, which was far better equipped than itself, to the ground.The fundamental reason is that the military and political quality of the Red Army soldiers is much higher than that of the enemy.

After the expansion of Mumen, the Red Fourth Front Army grew from about 15,000 people when it entered Sichuan to 80,000 people.The troops expanded, a large number of new soldiers entered the ranks of the Red Army, and a large number of cadres took up new leadership positions.How to strengthen the military and political training of the troops, rapidly improve their military and political quality, and transform a large number of new soldiers from free peasants into qualified revolutionary soldiers who observe discipline, have ideals, and are not afraid of death in a short period of time, and enable a large number of new soldiers to become leaders? The cadres in the post understand management, can lead troops, and can fight. This is the primary issue facing the Red Army after its expansion.

Since the Hubei, Henan, Anhui and Soviet Areas, the Red Fourth Front Army has formed a tradition of combining peacetime training with field training, and training wherever it goes.Xu Xiangqian pointed out: The Red Army mainly relies on its vital forces to fight, and our vital forces are people, commanders and fighters with a high degree of class consciousness and the ability to kill the enemy.Only troops who have been training diligently, rigorously, and hard at ordinary times can win big victories at a small price when they arrive on the battlefield.As the highest military officer of the Red Fourth Front Army, according to the terrain characteristics and combat targets in northern Sichuan, Xu Xiangqian proposed to carry out the "big troop training movement". The main contents of the big troop training movement are: (1) The organization and command ability of commanders at all levels; (2) Rehearsals for river battles, mountain battles and night battles; (3) Training in the four major techniques (shooting, bombing, chopping and stabbing, and soil work); (4) Political education and discipline education. In order to train troops, the Political Department of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army and the Political Departments of various armies have compiled a lot of training materials, such as "Instructions for Company, Platoon, and Squad Leaders", "Instructions for Company Instructors", "Branch Organization and Its Work", "Work of Captive Soldiers", "Applications in Management Education" A few things to pay attention to", "Basic Training Outline for Red Army Recruits", etc.These textbooks are easy to understand, and the content is specific, which can be understood at a glance. For example, "the responsibility of the company commander" includes several aspects in peacetime, wartime, and marching: (1) About the usual ones.The content includes education management, health management, soldier ability examination, military uniform, supplement and control of weapons and supplies, and vigilance when stationed. (2) Regarding wartime.They are pre-war preparation, wartime command and post-war inspection.Pre-war preparations include: supplies, luggage, placement of the wounded and sick, inspection of weapons, agitation and education, etc.; wartime command includes understanding the combat intentions of superiors, completing combat orders from superiors, reconnaissance of terrain and features, strict execution of battlefield orders, and keeping in touch with superiors at all times. Liaise, deal with casualties, lead the whole company in action when charging forward, designate an agent when the platoon leader is injured, and strictly abide by the action time; post-battle inspection includes checking the number of casualties, collecting and counting loot, checking the damage of weapons, and reporting to superiors Personnel and weapons and loot. (3) About marching.They are marching invincible and marching with enemy respectively.The invincible march includes checking whether the shoes, socks and clothing of the soldiers are suitable, supervising whether the team led by the platoon leader is neat, and whether the marching pace is balanced. When arriving at the camp, properly allocate the garrison; marching with an enemy situation includes always paying attention to the situation ahead, paying attention to orders at all times, and observing the terrain and features at all times. In addition, the responsibilities of the squad leader, the platoon leader, the company instructor, the work of the company branch secretary, and the education and management of the captured soldiers are all very specific. Significance. The main leaders of the Fourth Red Army, Xu Xiangqian, Chen Changhao, Zeng Zhongsheng, Fu Zhong, Ni Zhiliang, Shu Yuzhang, Li Tianhuan, etc., and almost all the educated senior commanders of the Red Army wrote articles for the troops to carry out military and political education as teaching materials.Such as "Brief Hygiene Common Sense" written by Xu Qianqian, "Key Points of Combat with the Sichuan Army" written by Chen Changhao, "Key Points of Pursuit" written by Shu Yuzhang, "We Need Iron Discipline" and "Key Points of Fighting the Sichuan Army" and "Guerrilla Warfare" written by Zeng Zhongsheng. The key to "etc. As the general political commissar of the Red Fourth Front Army and a talented student who stayed in the Soviet Union, Chen Changhao has done a lot of work in this area. According to the information that can be collected so far, he has written the most articles among the leaders of the Red Fourth Front Army. In August 1933, Chen Changhao wrote an article "Intensifying the Training of New Comrades": Tens of thousands of new comrades joined the Red Army, and the Red Army doubled or tripled in size. This was the result of the victory of the Agrarian Revolution, the correct leadership of the Communist Party and the resolute struggle of the comrades. ... Most of the new comrades are farm laborers and poor peasants, with a weak proletarian foundation.Their fighting spirit is very high, but their fighting history is not long, and their fighting experience is not enough.Combat is brave, but not trained for heavy firepower and protracted warfare.The will to bear hardships and stand hard work is firm, but it has not been trained by a more difficult life and difficult materials.Although there is awareness of the revolution, it has not yet undergone the strict baptism of the Communist Party.Although we have some training in politics, we don't have enough experience in political struggle... Therefore, intensifying the military, political, and party training of new comrades—deep and real training—is an extremely urgent task for each of our cadres. Military training...the most important thing is to explain our ability and methods to win battles under heavy firepower... The training of the political party ... makes every new comrade understand our inevitable future of victory and the arduous struggle we must go through to achieve victory.Get rid of the two bad mentalities among the new comrades: 1. Due to the current difficulties, the great prospect of victory is obliterated; During the fight with the Sichuan Army, Chen Changhao paid special attention to observing and summarizing the combat characteristics of the Sichuan Army.Although the Red Army achieved military victory, it also exposed many problems of its own.If some army commanders lack command skills and skills, they can obviously fight a war of annihilation, but the result is a defeat war, and the enemy's strength is not greatly affected; Without detailed pre-war reconnaissance, the enemy's firepower, terrain, and ground features are not clear. As soon as the gunshot rang out, the commander raised the gun, and the troops rushed forward desperately, resulting in some unnecessary sacrifices; Know how to use the forces in your hands reasonably, not deploy the weapons in your hands, and not master the troops on the battlefield.In response to these problems, Chen Changhao wrote a lot of articles on strengthening the military construction of the army in the military. On June 23, 1933, Chen Changhao wrote "Key Points of Combat with the Sichuan Army", which carefully analyzed the characteristics of the Sichuan Army's operations and raised issues that the Red Army should pay attention to. It was an important document for army construction at that time: 1. See the terrain, roads, and intersections clearly.Ask the local natives or send small troops to guerrilla reconnaissance.Commanders try their best to check and understand in person.If you don't fully understand the terrain, you can only use small troops to search and occupy key points before large troops can advance.Don't arrange or use the main force casually on unfamiliar terrain. Second, occupy the key points.The key points of a strong position must be occupied first, and must be done as much as possible.To fight for the main position, there must be enough troops. The reserve team must be placed on or near the position. The position on the mountain is the last position and the main position. It must be when the enemy comes to the mountain. To do work.Keep sentries on the river, and don't regard the mountains as the first line or the main position. Three, the enemy's situation should be reconnaissance clearly.You should fully understand the enemy's certain division and regiment, how many battalions a regiment has, how many guns a company has, who is the commander, what is its combat effectiveness, and what are its weapons?How is morale?How was your previous combat experience?Don't ignore the enemy's situation, let alone despise the enemy.In short, according to the facts. 4. Concentrate forces on key points to defeat the main force first, or take advantage of the enemy's weaknesses.It doesn't matter where there are also a small number of guerrilla troops.When the main force is attacking the enemy, there must be assists and feints in the non-main force areas, at least stick to the position.Destroy one side and then hit the other side, you must never give up lightly. 5. Concentrate attacks and disperse guerrillas.The attack point should concentrate its forces as much as possible, and the feint attack should be a guerrilla attack, and small troops can also be sent to the guerrilla attack where it is not necessary, so that the enemy will not be able to understand our deployment and battle situation.The main force must not be dispersed, and the guerrilla zone must not be abandoned casually. Sixth, keep more reserves.Whether attacking the enemy or defending against the enemy, the reserve team should stay more.After the small troops occupy a certain point, the large troops should quickly follow up, and after defeating the enemy's point, the reserve team should quickly follow up.After breaking the enemy's side, you can quickly respond to the other side.Fight today to prepare for another fight tomorrow.We must never disperse or waste our troops, and defend against the enemy's counterattack at any time. 7. Build more wooden cities for strong fortifications... As long as the wooden cities are strong, when the enemy enters the wooden city or near the fortifications, the energy is exhausted and they attack, the enemy will retreat in chaos.The wooden city is good and the fortifications are solid. If you follow the rules, the enemy will not dare to enter. If you attack, you will have support, and the position will be safe. 8. Be calm to defeat the enemy, wait for it to weaken and strike it.The Sichuan army started to attack fiercely, shouting repeatedly that the momentum is very fierce. At this time, you must be very calm, and you can fight with the outposts and guerrilla troops. The troops in the main position are ready to concentrate their firepower. When the addiction to cigarettes is approaching, concentrate firepower to fight back, and the enemy will retreat in disorder. 9. Use less attack and more detours.When it is not necessary, do not attack at will, because the mountains are high and the roads are narrow, the troops cannot be deployed, and the enemy's positions are dangerous to defend. If you are not sure of the attack, you will suffer heavy casualties. You should use more detours, copy the enemy's side, or concentrate the main force to detour, or use small troops to detach from all sides. hit…… 10.... To destroy the enemy, you must use outflanking. If the enemy is defeated, a small number of people will pursue them. Most of the way will be encircled.When the enemy is retreating or attacking, it is necessary to concentrate firepower to inflict great damage, to destroy the enemy's courage and destroy the enemy's firepower... 11. Save bullets and hit the target.Whenever the majority of the enemy approached our position, they shouted to the sky, wanting to advance or retreat, mainly to consume our bullets. At this time, we should strengthen our fortifications and positions.If the enemy does not advance, a single shot will not be fired, and if the enemy advances, he will hit the position and hit him, and the hit will surely hit. Twelve, night attack.The enemy is most afraid of night attacks, and each department should have regular night attack troops to take turns to move, sooner or later, true or false, or attack east and west, or west and east, or use small strikes, or advance suddenly, or today or tomorrow. In that place, either take the main road or touch the small road, or the main attack and the feint attack go hand in hand, or the main attack and the main attack go hand in hand.It may be of a harassing nature, or of a competitive nature, but it is necessary to be familiar with the terrain and the enemy's situation.Small troops move, reserves assemble.Troops should be lightly dressed and well-fitting, remember the password, make sure the way forward and retreat is not bad, after the small unit wins, most of them will follow up, the troops can be dispersed in the dark, and the troops must be quickly concentrated before dawn... 13. Commanders must have the ability to arrange individually. Under the general mission, the situation of the enemy changes and the battle situation is different. The commander should act randomly without waiting for the feedback from the superior. Pursue with a small force, and resist the enemy's attack with all their strength. The left and right, front and rear are neatly connected, and they can be executed temporarily under the general arrangement of the battle situation. Fourteen, we must resolutely achieve the task.The task must be achieved resolutely, even if there is an impossible task, it must be completed as much as possible. 15. The pursuit should be neat and flexible.The enemy advances when he is defeated, but we must find out whether the enemy is really retreating or falsely retreating... When the enemy takes the main road, I will take the small roads separately. Always disregard fatigue, disregard troops, disregard victories, disregard captive soldiers... The enemy... the more chaotic the more retreat, the more retreat the easier it is to destroy... Sixteen, the dead should be beaten alive, and the weak should be beaten by the strong.Originally, the Sichuan army is easy to fight, but you must know how to fight the Sichuan army and understand the strengths of the Sichuan army. You must not underestimate the enemy. No matter how weak the enemy is, you must fight him as the strongest.Therefore, we... have to intensify our training and work a thousand times harder to defeat the Sichuan Army... If we despise the enemy, we despise ourselves. Another example is "Improving the Commanding Ability of Cadres and Intensifying Shooting Training": On August 18th, our 267th and 218th regiments... hit the city of Guangyuan.A total of sixty-seven long and short guns were handed over... Dozens of prisoners were captured and more than a hundred enemies were killed.We estimated that we consumed 10,025 rounds of machine rifle ammunition, and there were a total of 68 casualties (one battalion commander, one battalion political commissar, two company commanders, one deputy squad leader, one bugleman, eight soldiers; injured battalion commander One, three company commanders, one company deputy, two platoon leaders, seven squad leaders, six deputy squad leaders, one orderly soldier, one trumpeter, thirty-two soldiers)... ...the two battalions fought with many people. Three battalion-level cadres suffered casualties, six company-level cadres, two platoon leaders, seven squad leaders, and seven deputy squad leaders. The loyalty, bravery and determination of cadres are mostly limited to individual heroes, and the strength of the troops is too weak... At the same time, they are effectively avoiding the enemy's firepower, making use of terrain and objects to leap forward, and attacking difficult skills, command, movement under fire, command of troops, etc. Waiting for the military foundation is not enough... ...We consumed too much ammunition. Two battalions fought and wiped out about one regiment of the enemy. We captured more than 3,600 rounds of ammunition, while we consumed more than 10,000 rounds of ammunition... Zeng Zhongsheng wrote "Key Points of Combat with the Sichuan Army", compiled a few jingles as a portrait of the Sichuan Army, the language is vivid, vivid, easy to understand, easy to remember, and catchy: The organization is very old, the weapons are not good, the system is chaotic, and the combat effectiveness is small. Rav pulls the soldiers, the pain is unbearable, a little breakthrough, the whole army collapses by itself. Climbing the mountain is fierce, buying off the charge, even if you are brave, it will be useless. Petty treachery and petty fraud, not too high, but not long-lasting, and afraid of outflanking. Zeng Zhongsheng pointed out in "Battle Points Against the Sichuan Army": The Red Army fought with the strength of the masses, cooperating everywhere, and its prestige was strong. Taking advantage of the enemy's conflicts, benefiting the enemy's conflicts, and defeating each one, this is the top priority. Only those who have strong marching strength can climb mountains, move lightly, and be secretive. Traffic is difficult, pay attention to contact, the terrain is complicated, especially search. If the enemy's situation is unknown, do not advance rashly. Once the enemy's situation is clear, preemptive strikes. If the enemy Tathagata comes to attack, let it approach, concentrate its power, and wipe it out. There are many dangerous villages in the mountains, so it is not easy to attack hard, and the activities of small groups are the easiest to succeed. The main force detours, copying the enemy's side and back, and the effect of annihilating the enemy is the most important. Break through a little, defeat the enemy's entire line, even if there are sacrifices, you will win a big victory. Advance to encircle, and retreat to encircle. After victory, you must pursue it. At dawn at night, attack or attack, if it can be refined, it is best to control the enemy. There are many ways to break through the enemy's periphery and attack the enemy's contact points. The large-scale military training campaign has effectively improved the military and political quality and military skills of the commanders and fighters of the entire army, and laid a solid foundation for enhancing the combat effectiveness of the troops. In July 1933, the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic decided to designate August 1st as the anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and notified the bases of this decision.After receiving the decision of the Soviet Republic of China, the Northwest Military Commission decided to hold a grand military parade in Bazhong City on August 1 to celebrate the founding anniversary of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army in combination with the celebration of the victory against the “three-way siege” and the achievements of the Mumen Army Reorganization.The north gate of Bazhong City was originally a Daping Dam with a length of 800 meters from east to west and a width of 400 meters. Chen Changhao and Wang Shusheng led the headquarters staff to choose this place as the rostrum for the military parade. On August 1, 1933, the red flag of Bazhong City was waving, and the North Gate was crowded with people. People from all over the city flocked to the North Gate to watch the military parade.Except for the military parade held in Qiliping, Huang'an when the Red Fourth Front Army was established, this is the second time that the Red Fourth Front Army has held a military parade after the Thousand Li West Expedition.A military parade can demonstrate military might, deter the enemy, and inspire the people. The Northwest Military Commission attaches great importance to this military parade and requires all participating troops to strictly organize their military appearances and show the style of a mighty division. On August 1, all the troops under review set off early in the morning, and the headquarters of the Red Fourth Front Army gathered more than one hundred buglers from each army into a square formation.Rows of light and heavy machine guns, mortars, and newly captured mountain artillery were placed in front of the phalanx of the troops to be reviewed. Under the summer sun, these weapons were shining brightly and shining with majesty.Zhang Guotao, Xu Xiangqian, Chen Changhao, Wang Shusheng and other main leaders reviewed the breakdown form on the rostrum.In the parade, the marching of the reviewing team was orderly. Tens of thousands of pairs of footsteps walked forward together on the sound of the trumpet. The sound of "stepping, stepping, stepping" was breathtaking; When the order sounded, more than a hundred bugles blew together, and the passionate and loud bugles shook the heavens and the earth.