Chapter 20 Central reorganization: an important turning point

The weather in Wuhan in June has become sultry.The atmosphere in the conference room of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China was even more dull.Meetings are often silent first, then quarreling, and finally Chen Duxiu makes an unpleasant conclusion.At the beginning of the discussion, Li Lisan, Qu Qiubai, and Chen Duxiu advocated the Eastern Expedition; Luo Yi and Tan Pingshan still advocated the Southern Expedition to take Guangdong. Cai Hesen boldly proposed a plan for an armed insurrection.He analyzed: "The Northern Expedition is Feng Yuxiang's business, and the Eastern Expedition is Tang Shengzhi's business. They have nothing to do with us. Let's stop making wedding clothes for others. Cutting back and forth, we still have nothing to gain! That is to say, now We must resolutely and consciously do our own thing and find our own territory and force. This means that the two lakes issues before us should be resolved first. Xu Kexiang’s counter-revolutionary, let him prolong his development in Hunan, In Hubei, where we are located, after Xia Douyin's rebellion, farmers and agricultural cooperatives in 43 counties have been under the white terror of the local warlords. The counter-revolutionary riots in the two lakes and lakes before us have not been resolved, and the chanting of the Eastern Expedition and Northern Expedition is just empty talk !"

As he said that, Cai Hesen took out the plan for the riots in the two lakes that he had already drawn up, and asked everyone to pass it on.The draft was passed on to Luo Yi, and he looked down impatiently: to take the siege and blockade of Changsha, absolutely do not trust and rely on the legal solution of the national government, it deliberately condoned Kexiang.In this anti-Xu struggle, we should develop the peasant army to more than 50,000, and the masses to more than 300,000 in the shortest period of time, prepare to overthrow the Kuomintang Central Committee, which now represents the inferior land, and expand the workers' pickets and comrades' arms in the three towns of Wuhan as much as possible. Automatic land confiscation.

Roy remained silent. Cai Hesen continued to encourage: "It just so happened that there was no telegram instruction from the International, and the central government's attitude towards the Agrarian Revolution was already not firm; did Hirayama avoid criticism of the Agrarian Revolution in his inaugural speech? This is a warning. If the attitude is not changed, it will be published in the international organ newspaper. Criticized. In the instructions, there are also requirements to deal with Xu Kexiang and farmers to automatically confiscate their land. I think it should be implemented, otherwise the Chinese revolution will be completely defeated!"

When he said this, Luo Yi couldn't sit still.Because of leaking secrets, he was afraid of making international calls and was eager to wash himself off. He immediately responded: "I agree with Cai Hesen's opinion and prepare to launch a peasant riot in Hunan." Therefore, between the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and international representatives, a Hunan Special Committee was organized to direct the Hunan riots.To this end, several meetings were held later.Who knows that Luo Yi changed the riot plan again and again, and the decided funds have not been in place for a long time, and the CCP has sent a large number of military comrades there, and the need for plans and funds is extremely urgent.At this time, Luo Yi seemed to have gotten rid of the embarrassment of leaking secrets, and his enthusiasm for shouting and supporting the riot a few days ago was exhausted.He heard an insignificant report from a comrade, and immediately believed that the Communist Party's influence in Hunan had completely disintegrated.

This tactic angered Zhou Enlai.Although he is young, he has a calm personality and rarely gets angry, but now he can't help it. He explained again: "Now the peasant army in Liuyang and Pingjiang still has 8,000 guns, and the military department has sent 10 military cadres there. The plan is to take Xiangtan first and concentrate on Liuyang and Pingjiang. We will go all out to capture the cities where the counter-revolutionary forces are weak, and in places where the reactionary forces are strong, we will go everywhere to fight against local tyrants and evil gentry, and set up temporary committees in the villages as far as possible.”

"That's not the report I got. Even as you said, the strength is not enough. Don't take any risks." Luo Yi sat upright and resumed his "representative" posture. "Why are you so changeable?!" Zhou Enlai was really angry, "Don't you know that after Ye Ting's army defeated Xia Douyin, it was stationed on the border of Hunan and Hubei; while two-thirds of Tang Shengzhi's main force was still in Henan, and they did not have time to return to the two lakes. This is a godsend opportunity, if you can't afford it now, when will you wait?"

Luo Yi bent down to sign his name on the document, his flying handwriting scraped the paper, and he said negative words. Zhou Enlai knocked on the table in front of Luo Yi: "Allow the money, and when everyone is here, I will go to Hunan to direct the riot. If it fails, I will take responsibility!" Luo Yi slammed his signature pen on the table and yelled loudly: "Young man, don't be emotional!" Luo Yi's weakness is a common problem of some revolutionaries in the twentieth century, as Cai Hesen said a few months later: "In hindsight, Luo Yi can be regarded as a scholar: he always insists on principles on paper, but in practice it is a problem. It can't be solved either."

After the rebellion plan in the two lakes was cancelled, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China under the chairmanship of Chen Duxiu could no longer come up with any good ideas, and was completely at a loss and panicked.The Politburo was vacillating, hesitant, and inconsistent on every issue, and was at a loss as to what to do next. Under this dull and oppressive atmosphere, people's hearts became even more scattered. In the conference room, Chen Duxiu's cigarette butts were often squeaking against Borodin's pipe, sighing and sighing. Cai Hesen's eyes met Luo Yi's. He had a lot to say, but he couldn't say anything...

Borodin didn't believe that Tang Shengzhi and Feng Yuxiang would go too far. He still comforted himself and others: "There is food in our box, and he (referring to Tang Shengzhi) is hungry, so he won't run away." Luo Yi was also naively writing a congratulatory letter to Feng Yuxiang: "I was ordered by the Communist International to extend warm congratulations on your brilliant victory, and express the belief that you will continue to achieve new victories in the future." "Sincerely, Salute to the Revolution!" Outside the meeting room, the dark clouds above gathered thickly and gradually lowered, making the sky darker and darker.The rumbling thunder in the distance is above the Yangtze River, rolling from one end to the other, sending out huge echoes, as if the sky is about to collapse.

At the end of June, He Jian, the most powerful anti-Communist, led the 35th Army back to Hankou from the Henan front line, and issued a murderous anti-communist order.Wang Jingwei began to publicly instigate the "disintegration of the Communist Party". At this critical moment, the Office of the Secretary of the CPC Central Committee drafted a letter to the Shanghai District Party Committee on June 23, proposing a new proposal.On the one hand, it is mainly against Chiang Kai-shek. On the other hand, if the Communists continue to insist on confiscating land and arming workers and peasants, it will lead to a rapid break with the Kuomintang.Under such circumstances, the Office of the Secretary believes that stimulating the imperialist occupation of Shanghai, Fuzhou, Nanjing, and other cities is a more desirable path.In this way, the communists could start a new struggle against imperialism, arming workers and peasants and confiscating land.After a long and heated debate, the Politburo decided to stop issuing the letter and suggested replacing it with a "resolution on the struggle against imperialism".The Office of the Secretary announced that this letter has been sent to Shanghai.During the debate, Luo Yi pointed out that the letter from the Office of the Secretary was "very dangerous" and that the action plan proposed in it was "adventurous": "You plan to push the Shanghai proletariat, which was weakened in the three uprisings and was brutally destroyed under the white terror, to the The imperialists, who are more powerful than the domestic enemy, are going to die!" Luo Yi's attitude became extremely blunt, and Borodin's rebellious posture disappeared, like a sick sheep.

Some people in the CCP also speculated: What happened to Lao Bao? Did the international have any instructions?Sure enough. At an enlarged meeting, Ren Porridge asked Chen Duxiu: "I heard that the International has new instructions, please announce them within the party." Chen Duxiu's neck got stuck, and he was furious: "What instruction? I don't know!" Everyone present was very strange. Wu Yuzhang asked Zhang Tailei who was sitting next to him: "What's going on?" Zhang Tailei moved the chair closer, leaned against Wu Yuzhang's ear, and said that the international call came, reprimanded the old man, and would call back Lao Bao and Luo Yi. Wu Yuzhang was surprised: "How come I don't know about such an important instruction?" "Keep your voice down. I just found out, and many people know about it." "It's outrageous!" The next day we had another meeting at Bao's house.As soon as Borodin came up, he gave a very long speech.The general idea is that there is an atmosphere in the international community now that our Chinese party has reformism, but in fact this reformism does not exist. Every policy I have is at least 10 times more revolutionary than Luo Yi; China's current situation is objectively correct. To our advantage; Stalin's policy of agrarian revolution was right.Borodin was a good orator.As soon as I make a speech, I feel elated and full of energy.Chen Duxiu also seemed to be infected, and went on to say: "In the past, Zinoviev always taught us to help the bourgeoisie, but now Stalin teaches us to carry out the agrarian revolution within 24 hours!" On the one hand, it pretends that it is not reformist and opportunist; on the other hand, it attacks the international policy both in and out. The failure of the Chinese revolution, the international should bear full responsibility. When Bao Luoting and Chen Duxiu shirked responsibility, the Chinese Communists on the front line were still bleeding, including Chen Duxiu's own flesh and blood, Chen Yannian.Chen Yannian, who had just been appointed secretary of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee, was arrested at the seat of the Shanghai District Party Committee. In the middle of the night of July 4th, Chen Yannian, who was severely tortured and beaten to pieces, was killed by the executioner's random knives, and was quartered by five horses.Chiang Kai-shek ordered not to collect the corpse. On this day, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee in Wuhan to discuss the preservation of rural revolutionary forces.Mao Zedong attended the meeting as the chairman of the peasant association and an alternate member of the Central Committee.He just sent Yang Kaihui and her three children back to Changsha.Mao Zedong had a problem with Chen Duxiu's transfer of him back to Hunan.After arriving in Wuhan, he convened a meeting of Hunan comrades who had come to Wuhan to discuss going back to Hunan for armed struggle. Although Chen Duxiu didn't know that his son had been killed, he looked tired and coughed with heavy phlegm. Cai Hesen advocated going up the mountain. Mao Zedong agreed: "To overthrow the armed forces of the landlords and establish the armed forces of the peasants, I am preparing to go up the mountain." Chen Duxiu couldn't concentrate anymore, so he nodded numbly: "Go up the mountain." The directives of the International had been proclaimed in the party, and Borodin could no longer hide them. According to the international order, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was reorganized, and Zhang Guotao, Zhou Enlai, Li Weihan, Zhang Tailei, and Li Lisan formed the temporary Central Standing Committee. Chen Duxiu wrote a short letter to the Provisional Central Committee, saying that he was really unable to work and asked to resign as General Secretary.Then I took the time to tidy up my office.Ren Zhoushi's brother Ren Zhuoming and younger sister Ren Xiulan and Chen Duxiu work in an office.Before Chen Duxiu left, the brother and sister sent him outside the door.Chen Duxiu looked haggard, and grinned with a half-smile, as a farewell to everyone.After going out, he put on a low-pressed straw hat, held a big cattail fan, dragged on a pair of black velvet shoes, and walked hobbled.Walking with him was secretary Huang Wenrong. Chen Duxiu had something on his mind, and he often talked about it with Huai Dezhi, who later became a Trotskyite.He said that at the Fifth Congress, he became the target of public criticism, and everyone called him right opportunism.He admits that there are some conservatives in his thinking. He always thought that the Northern Expedition would not be considered as defeating the warlords until Beijing was fought, and that it would not be too late to split with the Kuomintang at that time.He advocated first expanding and then deepening, saying that this is opportunism and cannot be convinced.He said that everyone denounced him as capitulationism, which made him angry.He said: "Which one did I surrender? Chiang Kai-shek killed Yannian and Qiao Nian, should I surrender to him? Wang Jingwei sang: 'Revolutionaries come to the left, non-revolutionaries go away', not only did I think he was" "Leftists", even Stalin thought he was a 'leftist'." Chen Duxiu said to stay united with the "leftists" and not to fall out prematurely. This was an instruction given to him by the Communist International, that is, Stalin, and he carried it out. As a result, the charges of opportunism and capitulationism fell on him alone, and he was not convinced.He said that the representative of the Communist International at that time was Luo Yi. Luo Yi showed the instructions of the Communist International to the CCP, the resolutions on arming workers and peasants and carrying out agrarian revolution, and showed it to Wang Jingwei. Wang was shocked and decided to oppose the Communist Party. Was it Chen Duxiu's fault?He said that this instruction came too late. Arming the workers and peasants to carry out the agrarian revolution is not something that can be done in a day or two. After receiving this instruction, it cannot be implemented immediately.He said that regarding the Hunan Peasant Movement, he once said that it was "a little too much", but not "very bad". The latter sentence was said by the warlord bureaucrats and local tyrants and evil gentry of the Wuhan government.Regarding the siege of Changsha by 100,000 peasants, the retreat ordered by the central government, the confiscation of firearms by the workers' pickets by the Wuhan government, and the disbandment of the Boy Scouts, he said that he was not the only one to blame. Even Luo Yi agreed. His capitulationism was all blamed on the Comintern, as if he did not hold the position of general secretary. He even said, "I have become Stalin's scapegoat." The "Five National Congresses" did not remove Chen Duxiu from his position, allowing him to continue to implement the opportunistic line, which resulted in the failure of the vigorous Chinese Revolution.He is a partial man, and rather conceited, and it is difficult for him to admit his mistakes and correct them.He said that they (the new Party Central Committee) wanted me to write a letter of repentance, where did the mistakes come from, and how to repent. I don’t understand, why didn’t they want Stalin to repent?I am carrying out his orders, and if he repents, I will repent, and asking me to be a scapegoat doesn't make sense either emotionally or rationally. On July 12, Borodin left Hankou.He first went to Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi for a rest (it was later discovered that he had held a secret meeting with the Communists when he was in Lushan Mountain, and they were preparing to launch an uprising. Then, Borodin returned to Wuhan and took the Jinghan Road to Luoyang on July 27. Luoyang, where he stayed for 3 days as a guest of Feng Yuxiang, and then traveled to the Soviet Union via Mongolia). Luo Yi left Hankou in late July and early August.The Comintern prepared three large station wagons equipped with heavy springs, with petrol cans strapped to the boards.The driver was an agent of the Soviet State Political Security Bureau.The convoy set off from Hankou to the northwest, crossed the Mongolian desert, and traveled to the Soviet Union via Kulun.Rominaz, the international representative who succeeded Roy, is already on his way to China. This reorganization, although belated, was still an important turning point.After this reorganization, the forces advocating armed resistance to the KMT's massacre policy gained a leading position in the central government, which opened the way for the Nanchang Uprising, the Autumn Harvest Uprising, and the convening of the August 7th Conference.