Chapter 15 Zhou Enlai advocated against Chiang

After March 1927, members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China gradually concentrated in the three towns of Wuhan. By the end of March, only Chen Duxiu and Peng Shuzhi remained in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. On April 1, Luo Yi, a representative of the Comintern, arrived in Wuhan from Guangzhou via Hunan.Peng Shuzhi and Cai Hesen also arrived successively.From April 4th to 20th, a joint meeting of representatives of the Communist International, members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the Hubei District Committee was held in Wuhan. Qu Qiubai, Tan Pingshan, Cai Hesen, Zhang Guotao, Zhang Tailei, Luo Zhanglong, Mao Zedong, and Chen Yannian attended the meeting successively. , Peng Shuzhi, Deng Zhongxia, Luo Yi, Weijingski, Borodin, etc.

The CPC Central Committee was completely ignorant of the situation in Shanghai, and decided to send Li Lisan and Nie Rongzhen from Wuhan to Shanghai to understand the situation and deal with the aftermath. Li Lisan had been leading the labor movement in Wuhan during this time and served as the chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.He was born and died several times in his life. Even in Wuhan, which is considered a leftist world, he could not be at peace.In order to murder him, the right hired some assassins.The way the assassins calculated him was also rather strange.I always scouted his whereabouts in advance, and attacked his residence or work site suddenly while he was away, usually firing a few shots and then ran away.It turned out that the assassins knew that Li Lisan had a great influence among the workers, and they were afraid of retaliation. At the same time, they instructed the messengers to hire and pay once, so they used this intentional way to make more money.Sometimes, when the pressure from above was tight, they would secretly inform him: We will take action in a certain place on a certain day and time, please avoid it at that time.The dangerous environment honed Li Lisan to be extremely alert.

Nie Rongzhen was sent by the party to the Soviet Union to study military affairs, and returned to China with Ye Ting and others before the Northern Expedition.He served as the Secretary of the Hubei Provincial Party Committee of the Military Commission, and frequently traveled between the three towns of Wuhan to understand the situation, convey instructions from the central government, and dispatch cadres.The Party placed its hopes in Zhang Fakui's troops, and dispatched a large number of graduates from the fourth phase of Whampoa. It was at this time that Lin Biao was assigned by Nie Rongzhen to the 73rd Regiment of the 25th Division of the Fourth Army.Ye Ting made outstanding achievements in the Tingsi Bridge and Hesheng Bridge, and was promoted to the deputy commander of the 25th Division.Li Shuoxun was also sent to the 25th Division as the director of the political department at this time.The 73rd regiment later became the main force of the Nanchang Uprising.

To be on the safe side, the two boarded Song Ziwen's boat through their relationship and sat all the way to Nanjing.In Nanjing, he went to Shanghai in the same car with Wei Jingski, the representative of the Communist Party of China, and others.After they arrived in Shanghai, they first found Zhao Shiyan's secret residence, and then found Zhou Enlai, Chen Yannian, Luo Yinong and others. Zhou Enlai moved to the small attic of a worker's house in Xujiazhai near Wuyu to continue working.It is far away from the urban area, remote and desolate, with narrow alleys, dilapidated houses, and mostly workers' dormitories around, so it is not easy to expose the target.A few of them plus three Russian comrades formed a special committee and held a meeting at Zhao Shiyan's home.When Zhou Enlai talked about the damage to Shanghai, everyone hated Chiang Kai-shek.

Li Lisan conveyed their mission to come to Shanghai: "Wuhan's determination to attack Chiang Kai-shek has become a reality, because military issues are still hesitant. Now not only military hesitation, but also political hesitation, because Feng Fang (referring to Zhang Zuolin's department) is even more aggressive in attacking. Therefore, it was decided that if Jiang was not very reactionary, he could still be perfunctory, especially when he received a call from Zhong Fu and others expressing his opposition to the fight against Chiang, everyone became more and more shaken."

Li Lisan always wears suits and glasses, much like a bank manager.He has a bold personality, and the biggest feature of his appearance is his big mouth.During his stay in Europe, when his classmates were depressed, he put his fist in his mouth for a show, which made everyone laugh.Now he looks serious.His words also aroused Zhou Enlai's anger: "We can see from this massacre that Lao Jiang was only calming us down on the surface, but in fact he was preparing for the whole attack. Satisfied. In terms of military affairs, Wuhan has no active countermeasures against Chiang Kai-shek, but advocates the Northern Expedition first, and is afraid that Chiang’s military strength will be too large. According to our observations, there is no way to deal with Chiang’s army, and Chiang should be dealt with first, and then Then the Northern Expedition. Now we should send a telegram to Wuhan to protest, demanding that we quickly decide on a strategy for attacking the southeast, and immediately send capable personnel to the southeast to prepare for military activities.”

On April 16, Zhou Enlai, Zhao Shiyan, Luo Yinong, Chen Yannian, and Li Lisan called the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from Shanghai, suggesting that they should send troops to the east to attack Chiang Kai-shek. At that time, there were different opinions on the strategic direction of the Wuhan government. As early as early April, Qu Qiubai and Wu Yuzhang proposed to transfer the Fourth Army to Nanjing to respond to the revolutionary forces in Shanghai and monitor Chiang Kai-shek's actions.Due to Borodin's opposition, it was not realized.At this time, Qu Qiubai proposed to attack Chiang Kai-shek in Nanjing first, and then Zhang Zuolin in the north.However, the Communist International and Stalin advocated the Northern Expedition directly from Wuhan to Henan.Borodin advocated the Northern Expedition to go to the northwest to open up the international route between China and the Soviet Union.Luo Yi focused on arranging and strengthening the defense line of the Wuhan government.

Within the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Chen Duxiu, Peng Shuzhi, Zhang Tailei and others supported Borodin's idea of ​​a direct northern expedition. Cai Hesen advocated the Northern Expedition under the condition of immediate implementation of the Agrarian Revolution.Zhang Guotao and Tan Pingshan advocated the Southern Expedition. In the end, the Northern Expedition prevailed. In Chen Duxiu's opinion, the only person in the party who can keep pace with him is Li Dazhao.The rest of the central leadership were nothing more than his students, translators, or advisors, and he didn't think much of them at all.Chen Duxiu's most powerful assistant, Peng Shuzhi, defended Chen Duxiu's patriarchal respect in every way, and at the same time held Chen Duxiu tightly, holding Chen to his own dignity.He often said: The old man's opinion is the same as mine.In his view, apart from Chen Duxiu, the leader of the Chinese Communist Party is none other than him.Therefore, in the Party Central Committee, it is difficult to pass opinions that are contrary to Chen Duxiu.

Chen Duxiu still disagreed with the idea of ​​attacking Chiang first and then the Northern Expedition.He shook his head at the telegram sent by the Shanghai District Committee: "Now Luo Yi and Borodin are undecided. Luo Yi wants to consolidate the two lakes, and Borodin wants to go north to Beijing and Tianjin. I think the Nationalist Government can remove Chiang Kai-shek. It’s good to want Jiang to be wanted, but it’s very difficult to call him on the Eastern Expedition.” At that time, although the Chinese revolution had undergone major changes.However, the news from the Communist International gives people the impression that the Chinese revolution seems to have entered a higher stage of development. In the future, as long as we continue to maintain close cooperation with the leftists of the Kuomintang in Wuhan and continue to follow the established guidelines, the revolution can still continue as usual. It was originally envisioned that way to victory.Many party members who don't know the truth think that the situation is really only temporarily uncertain, and the sun will shine again soon, so although they have many doubts in their minds, they don't realize the seriousness of the problem.

Undecided, Chen Duxiu went to discuss with Wang Jingwei again.Wang Jingwei repeatedly weighed the opinions of the two factions in the Wuhan Nationalist Government and decided to continue the Northern Expedition. At the same time, he set up a land committee to study land issues. On April 18, the joint meeting of the KMT and the Communist Party decided to take Tang Shengzhi as the commander-in-chief and lead the army to start the Northern Expedition on the 19th.When the Land Committee held a meeting, Chen Duxiu was also invited to attend.Also attending the meeting were Deng Yanda, Xu Qian, Tan Pingshan, Gu Mengyu, Mao Zedong and others.Tan Pingshan was the Minister of Agriculture of the Kuomintang, and Mao Zedong was the secretary of the Central Committee of Agriculture of the Communist Party of China.Chen Duxiu put forward six or seven opinions on the principles and methods of the land issue. He emphasized that the first priority to solve the land issue is to arm the peasants and provide political power. But who will arm the peasants and provide political power?Mao Zedong shook his head.