Chapter 27 The pain of losing a wife and losing a baby—he recalled: Zhang Xiyuan is a rare beauty

Deng Bin reported his work in Guangxi to the Party Central Committee. After finishing his official duties, he had to rush to his family affairs. Because, at this time, he encountered an unfortunate event in his personal life-his wife Zhang Xiyuan had a difficult labor. Conceived in October and gave birth once.At this time, Zhang Xiyuan was living in Shanghai Baolong Hospital.Childbirth is both painful and happy for a woman who is going to be a mother.However, no one thought that the child would be difficult to deliver! Finally, the child was finally born, but Zhang Xiyuan suffered from puerperal fever (commonly known as "month sickness") because of this. During the childbirth or puerperium, the puerpera suffered from persistent high fever caused by streptococcus infiltrating into the body from the genitals, lower abdomen pain bleeding pus, headache, vomiting, etc.).Although he lives in a hospital, the medical conditions are very poor.Deng Bin accompanied his wife day and night in the hospital with extreme anxiety.

Unfortunately, Zhang Xiyuan passed away a few days later.Only 24 years old.Within a few days, the child who was born also died of "seven winds" (that is, pneumonia).It's a baby girl. The death of his wife and child made Deng Bin very sad. What a blow it was to him!He stared at his wife's youthful portrait for a long time, and his heart was filled with cherished affection and remembrance. It was the autumn of 1925. In the hometown of the October Revolution—Moscow Sun Yat-sen University, more than 600 students, mostly from China, entered the school to study in the first phase.Deng Xixian (i.e., Deng Xiaoping), a member of the European branch of the Chinese Communist Party for work-study studies in France who was expelled by the French government at that time, and his companions Fu Zhong (later director of the Political Department of the Fourth Red Army), Ren Zhuoxuan (former secretary of the European branch of the Chinese Communist Party, after the failure of the Great Revolution In January 1926, he was ordered to come to Moscow from Paris via Berlin to enter Sun Yat-sen University for training.

Deng Xixian, who joined the Chinese Youth Communist Party in Europe (later renamed the European Branch of the Chinese Socialist Youth League) when he was a work-study student in France, and later became a full-fledged party member (1924), was elected as the leader of the student Communist Youth League.In his group, one of them was Chiang Kai-shek's son Chiang Ching-kuo, and the other woman was Zhang Xiyuan, a young Communist Party member sent from China to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow. Jiang Jingguo joined the Communist Youth League after he arrived in Moscow (later he joined the Communist Party while working in Russia). Although he was not in the same class as Deng Xixian, he lived an organizational life in the Youth League group that Deng was in charge of.Jiang Jingguo and Deng Xixian are not tall, and they always line up together, shoulder to shoulder.Once, when the classmates went skiing in the countryside, Jiang Jingguo asked Deng Xixian curiously: Why do you always wear a big scarf?Deng Xixian told him: Chinese students who work and study in France are forced by life to work as cleaners, especially horse manure.Because this line of work earns a lot of money, picking up horse manure for a day can kill a week's expenses, which is the most cost-effective.Cleaners in France all wear such a white scarf, so each of us has such a scarf as a memory of that period of life and a determined pursuit of enriching the people and strengthening the country.After listening to Jiang Jingguo, he sighed again and again: "Brothers have worked so hard to find a way to save the country and the people, which is respectable and respectable!"And said: I have made up my mind when I come to Russia this time, and I will give everything I have to the Soviets I believe in more resolutely. I am willing to be absolutely trained by the Soviets and fight for the victory of China's democratic revolution!

——This is how life and history made a big joke: these two friends and comrades who were classmates and classmates back then, who would have expected that fifty years later, they would become powerful figures and political opponents on both sides of the Taiwan Strait? But Zhang Xiyuan, a young female Communist Party member, was only 19 years old when she came to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow.Her origin was Liangxiang Town, Fangshan County, Hebei Province at that time. Her father, Zhang Jinghai, worked in the railway industry and participated in the "February 7th" workers' strike.Zhang Xiyuan studied in the No. 2 Women's Normal School in Zhili Province. In 1924, as a key member, he participated in the student movement of the school's students to reform school education, and joined the Communist Youth League in the school. She went to Beijing in 1925 and met Li Dazhao, Zhao Shiyan and other early leaders of the Communist Party. In the same year, she joined the Communist Party of China in Beijing and participated in the activities of the National Assembly Promotion Meeting under the leadership of the Party. She is a rare female revolutionary activist.In the autumn of that year, she was sent by the party organization to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow.In this way, Zhang Xiyuan and Deng Xixian became acquainted as classmates, and they were quite familiar with each other.This is a kind of "love relationship" created by heaven and earth for like-minded people.

Sun Yat-sen University was established from the autumn of 1925 to 1932. Thousands of Chinese people studied here and received the baptism and influence of the Soviet Union.The school first trains political workers and revolutionaries. The time may be long or short.Although the classrooms were almost filled with students sent by the Kuomintang at the beginning (some students sent by the Communist Party also entered the school as members of the Kuomintang), the emphasis of the textbooks was still on Marxism.Teaching materials include Russian, English, French and German; history (Chinese history, Russian history, history of Eastern and Western revolutionary movements); political economics (mainly Marx's "Das Kapital" and teaching materials based on relevant works of the Soviet Union); There are basic courses in Leninism (mainly Stalin's works); there are also military science and military training.

At that time, right-wing elements represented by the KMT's "Xishan Conference faction" proposed "revocation of the Kuomintang party membership of the Communist Party members".At this time, Chiang Kai-shek (the then commander of the First Army of the National Revolutionary Army and the principal of the Whampoa Military Academy) who led the army to the east also asked Zhou Enlai to hand over the list of Communists in the First Army, otherwise he would withdraw from the First Army. Attempts to ostracize and purge communists from the army.Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow was thus also a site of intra-Party struggle in China—in no small part because of the Trotskyist and anti-Trotskyist struggles there.Students sent by the Kuomintang often debate with students sent by the Communist Party—one of the important questions is how long can the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party last?All this again led to debate among Soviet leaders.

According to historical records, in the autumn of 1926, Trotsky, Stalin and Stalin came to Sun Yat-sen University at the same time to give a report: Trotsky advocated the cessation of cooperation between the Communist Party and the Kuomintang.Stalin advocated that the fraternal close cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party should be maintained and developed.Trotsky believed that the socialist revolution had been put on China's agenda, and the Communist Party had to do it by itself. Stalin believed that it was a bourgeois-democratic revolution and therefore had to cooperate with its main force, the Kuomintang.Trotsky said that the Kuomintang is like a tiger, and the CCP will be a lion; either the tiger will eat the lion, or the lion will eat the tiger.

Stalin said that the CCP is still a young lion. Even if it parted ways with the Kuomintang in the future, each of them would occupy one side and divide the world into two, it would be better to fight now and lose both! Regarding the debate on these issues, Deng Xixian, who is short and eloquent, expounded that in China only the close cooperation between the KMT and the Communist Party can complete the great social change of the democratic revolution and realize Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles (this point of view has been running through Deng His leading idea on this issue, his "one country, two systems" concept, is an outstanding example).As a result, he won a vivid, vivid, witty and humorous praise from his classmates-"Small Steel Cannon".

At that time, people probably never thought that thirty years later, in February 1956, as a member of an important delegation sent by the Communist Party of China, he participated in the "Twentieth Congress" of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.Then Khrushchev completely negated the incident of Stalin, and launched a fierce Sino-Soviet debate.Under Mao Zedong's authorization of Deng Xiaoping's direct guidance and participation, the consecutive launch of the "Nine Commentaries" was like a shell that caused a sensation in the Soviet Union and the world until Khrushchev's collapse.As Deng Xiaoping said: "Practicing hegemony under the banner of socialism is the most obvious sign that the Marxist-Leninist Party that has gained power has betrayed the principles of socialism." Total negation of Stalin as a reference, after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in December 1978, when pointing out and correcting Mao Zedong's mistakes in his later years, including the mistakes of the "Great Leap Forward" and the "Cultural Revolution", he did not take Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought seriously. Instead of a wrong attitude of total negation, on the contrary, it affirmed Mao Zedong's great historical achievements and lofty historical status realistically.At the same time, it did not push all the responsibility for mistakes such as the "Great Leap Forward" and "Cultural Revolution" to Mao Zedong alone, but pointed out that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and other leaders of the Communist Party of China other than Mao Zedong were also responsible, including himself.And analyzed in detail the complex social and historical reasons for these mistakes, especially pointed out that the more important factors leading to these mistakes were the influence of the Soviet Union's highly centralized system and the residual influence of feudal despotism in China's long history .

Zhang Xiyuan and Deng Xixian are in the same party group. They are both classmates and comrades-in-arms. They have the same understanding and views on some domestic and international hot issues.Zhang Xiyuan spoke beautiful Beijing dialect, but he loved listening to Deng Xixian's vivid speeches in authentic Sichuan dialect.When everyone got together to talk, she joked with him and said: Okay, now start listening to the broadcast of "Sichuan Radio Station". Although the relationship between the two is very good, it has not yet developed to the level of love.However, the relationship between the two of them, after all, started from Sishi and Sidi.

The schooling system of Sun Yat-sen University is two years. After only one year of study, Deng Xixian was ordered to return to China at the end of 1926, and joined Feng Yuxiang's department to engage in political work in the army.Zhang Xiyuan continued to study in the Soviet Union.Soon after Deng Xixian returned to China, he encountered the betrayal of the revolution by the right wing of the Kuomintang, and he fled from Xi'an Feng Department to Wuhan according to the situation.After the party's "August 7th" meeting, he served as secretary-general of the CPC Central Committee and changed his name to Deng Xiaoping.At this time, he was pleasantly surprised to meet someone——Zhang Xiyuan who had just returned from Moscow.Zhang Xiyuan returned to China in the autumn of 1927 after finishing his studies, and immediately organized and participated in the strike movement of railway workers in Baoding.The planning and leadership of the strike was carried out at her home in Liangxiang from beginning to end. Her father Zhang Jinghai was the organizer of the strike.After the strike, Zhang Xiyuan was transferred to Wuhan by the party organization, and happened to be assigned to work in the Secretariat of the Central Committee—it must be a joy to meet two like-minded old classmates here. Zhang Xiyuan said: It seems that no matter abroad or at home, I have always been led by you. Deng Xiaoping said: Like-minded people meet from thousands of miles away, this is called fate. After Jiang Jingwei blatantly betrayed the revolution, Wuhan, where his so-called "National Revolutionary Government" was located, was in a state of white terror and bloody massacres.Deng Xiaoping arrived in Shanghai.Zhang Xiyuan also arrived in Shanghai. There are about 200 staff in the various central agencies that have been moved to Shanghai, and exchanges between the various agencies are prohibited.The central government set up a branch directly under it, and the secretary of the branch was concurrently held by Deng Yingchao, who was then secretary of the Women's Committee of the CPC Central Committee.Both Deng Xiaoping and Zhang Xiyuan were in this branch.Most of the government officials opened various shops as a cover. Deng Xiaoping opened a grocery store downstairs in the central government office, selling cigarettes, soap, matches and other miscellaneous goods, and Zhang Xiyuan became the female clerk of this grocery store.According to Zhou Enlai's proposal: most gay men pretend to be rich merchants or bosses, wearing long robes and gentleman hats; lesbians wear buns, cheongsams, high heels or embroidered shoes, and they look like rich ladies and wives ;Comrades living in institutions should pretend to be husband and wife, not revolutionary accents.Zhang Xiyuan was very beautiful, with a fair and delicate face, coupled with a luxurious make-up, it made her look even more graceful and charming.She has many friends, and many people pursue her and woo her, but she has already chosen the person she likes. In the spring of 1928, on an ordinary but warm day, Deng Xiaoping and Zhang Xiyuan got married. In order to celebrate the marriage of this deeply affectionate revolutionary couple, the comrades of the central government specially held a few banquets at a Sichuan restaurant called Jufengyuan on Guangxi Middle Road in Shanghai.Zhou Enlai, Deng Yingchao, Li Weihan, Wang Ruofei and most of the comrades in the Central Committee participated, there were more than 30 people in total. ——On the white and terrifying Shanghai Bund, in the concession land where patrols and spies are running around, there is indeed such a rare piece of pure and beautiful human truth in it. . After Deng Xiaoping and Zhang Xiyuan got married, they lived with Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao for more than half a year.It was in a house in the International Settlement: Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao lived upstairs, and Deng Xiaoping and Zhang Xiyuan lived downstairs.Sometimes when Deng Xiaoping went out with Zhou Enlai, Zhang Xiyuan moved upstairs to live with Deng Yingchao. In August 1929, Deng Xiaoping went to Guangxi to work under the pseudonym Deng Bin as a representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Zhang Xiyuan was already pregnant with Liujia, and her belly was bulging day by day.She said affectionately to her husband that if she hadn't been inconvenient, she really wanted to go to Guangxi with her husband.Because she once said to him: No matter where you go, I will go there too, this is called fate. Zhang Xiyuan's home in Liangxiang is a big family. She has several younger brothers and younger sisters.The eldest sister, Zhang Xirui, participated in the revolution with her and went to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, Soviet Union. After returning to China, she went to Tianjin to engage in underground party work, but was unfortunately arrested and killed by the enemy.The little sister is called Zhang Xiaomei, whose original name was Zhang Xizhen.After Deng Xiaoping married Zhang Xiyuan, he took Zhang Xiaomei to Shanghai, introduced her to join the Communist Party of China, and arranged for her to work in the Party Central Staff Department.When Deng Xiaoping was at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, he had a very good classmate named Xu Bing (real name Xing Xiping, born in a wealthy industrial and commercial family in 1903, and joined the Communist Party of China when he was studying in Germany in 1924), who served as the German translation department of the Party Central Secretariat. translate.Introduced by Deng Xiaoping, Xu Bing and Zhang Xiaomei got married in Shanghai.After the founding of New China, Xu Bing served as the head of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee, and Zhang Xiaomei served as the director of the Beijing Women's Federation. After the start of the "Cultural Revolution", following the "bombardment" of the so-called "bourgeois headquarters" by "Liu, Deng, and Tao", an indiscriminate disaster fell from the sky. The Central Cultural Revolution Group headed by Jiang Qing, Kang Sheng, and Chen Boda ordered the "bombardment" The United Front Work Department led by Xu Bing arrested Xu Bing, imprisoned him for a long time and tortured him. Xu Bing died in March 1972.Zhang Xiaomei did not get rid of the bad luck of the "Cultural Revolution". While Lin Biao and the "Gang of Four" crazily criticized the Beijing Municipal Party Committee Secretary and Mayor Peng Zhen, and completely smashed the old Municipal Party Committee, Zhang Xiaomei was dismissed from office and suffered cruel struggles and persecution. , died unjustly in April 1968.It was not until the "Gang of Four" was smashed that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China rehabilitated the revolutionary couple. After Deng Xiaoping, whose pseudonym was Deng Bin, went to Guangxi, Zhang Xiyuan, who was pregnant with Liujia, was taken care of by Xu Bing and Zhang Xiaomei in daily life, and had Deng Yingchao, Li Peizhi (Wang Ruofei's wife), Zhu Yueqian (Huo Buqing's wife) and other "big sisters" Their care and love made Deng Xiaoping feel relieved and gratified when he went on a long journey.When he was ordered by the Central Committee to report back to Shanghai, he thought about reuniting with his wife and welcoming the birth of his first child.But never expected that his wife would die due to dystocia, and the child would also die.It is conceivable how much grief he suffered from this sudden and great misfortune. However, he couldn't wallow in his personal grief, he couldn't even stay longer in Shanghai to bury his wife and children, he had to set off for Guangxi immediately!The central government has approved their plan, and the rapidly changing situation in Guangxi is calling him. The troops and comrades in Guangxi are waiting for the representatives of the central government and their political commissars to arrange and command!The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of spring vegetation.When I feel the time, the flowers splash tears, and I hate the farewell bird.The beacon fire lasted for three months, and the family letter was worth ten thousand gold.The white hair is scratched shorter, and the hairpin is full of lust. He silently chanted Du Fu's "Spring Hope", with such a sad and tragic parting, he bid farewell to his comrades who fought in Longtan and Tiger's Cave, bid farewell to Shanghai, and went to Guangxi via Hong Kong again. He found Li Qiang, a member of the Special Branch who was building a secret radio station in Hong Kong through the CCP’s underground transportation in Hong Kong, and asked Li Qiang how to communicate with Shanghai by radio after arriving in Guangxi.Li Qiang told him about the call sign, password and other matters. ——In October 1928, Zhou Enlai appointed Zhang Shenchuan and Li Qiang to be responsible for establishing the CCP’s underground radio station.I rented a three-story building at No. 9 Fukangli, Jisifeier Road (now Fanhuangdu Road) in Shanghai, and installed a transmitter.After a year of hard work, in October 1929, the first set of transceivers was trial-produced, the first batch of telegraphers were trained, and the party's first secret radio station was established in Shanghai.Its first cipher was compiled by Zhou Enlai himself.In December of this year, a second secret radio station was established in Hong Kong. In January 1930, communication between Shanghai and Hong Kong began.Subsequent telegrams between the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the left and right Jiangsu districts of Guangxi were all forwarded by Radio Television Hong Kong.In October of this year, a group of radio station workers who had studied in the Soviet Union returned to China one after another. Together with the telegraphers trained in Shanghai, they were sent to the Central Soviet Area, the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Area and the Hunan-Hubei Western Soviet Area. In September 1931, the Central Soviet Area and the Shanghai Party Central Committee began to communicate directly.A branch station has also been set up in Tianjin.The establishment of these radio stations ensured the communication between the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Communist International, strengthened the guidance of the Central Committee to the work of the Soviet areas, and enabled the Red Army to keep abreast of the enemy's situation, playing an important role. According to Li Qiang's recollection, Deng Bin had entrusted him with the burial of Zhang Xiyuan, because at that time some comrades in the party died, and he was responsible for the burial.For example, after Luo Yinong, a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, was killed by the enemy, and Su Zhaozheng, a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, died of illness, both were buried by Li Qiang. In the spring of 1930, Li Qiang returned to Shanghai and was ordered by the Central Military Commission to be in charge of burying Zhang Xiyuan. Li Qiang said: "We buried Zhang Xiyuan in the cemetery in Jiangwan, Shanghai. The name written on the stele is Zhang Zhou's, and the person who erected the stele did not use Deng Xiaoping's real name, but a random name. These are all underground work." However, the original name Zhang Xiyuan was used for registration in the cemetery. At that time, these comrades were buried under false names. Luo Yinong used Bi Jue, and Su Zhaozheng used Yao Weichang. Deng Yingchao, her mother, and There was a girl, we paid homage to it according to the rules at the time after we buried it. We found out later that the girl who went with us was Zhang Xiaomei, Zhang Xiyuan’s younger sister.” After the liberation of Shanghai in 1949, as soon as Deng Xiaoping entered the city, he went to Jiangwan Cemetery to search for Zhang Xiyuan's grave.Because of the war, the Japanese invaders broke ground in the cemetery to repair the airport, and the cemetery of many martyrs could not be found.With Li Qiang's memory of the location of the cemetery at that time, he finally found Zhang Xiyuan's tomb with his help.When Deng Xiaoping went to check with his wife Zhuo Lin (Pu Qiongying), who married in Yan'an, they found that the cemetery had been flooded by a rain.So Deng Xiaoping asked someone to take out Zhang Xiyuan's remains and put them in a small coffin. Together with Su Zhaozheng's remains that were found at that time, they were all stored in the house of the Kuomintang Lizhi Club.Soon after, Deng Xiaoping left Shanghai again and led his troops southward, marching into the southwest until he drove the last remnants of Chiang Kai-shek out of the mainland. The coffins of Zhang Xiyuan and Su Zhaozheng were placed in the former site of Shanghai Lizhi Club until the "Cultural Revolution". ——It is also a strange and wonderful arrangement. The remains of revolutionary martyrs such as Su Zhaozheng and Zhang Xiyuan were buried in the Shanghai Martyrs Cemetery by the revolutionary masses in 1969.At that time, it was the most vigorous and turbulent period of the "Cultural Revolution", and Deng Xiaoping was regarded as the "second largest person in power taking the capitalist road" in the country and had already been defeated.The people who established the Shanghai Martyrs Cemetery at that time must not have known who Zhang Xiyuan was. Seeing her put together with Su Zhaozheng’s coffin, they might have mistaken it for Su Zhaozheng’s wife, or for a revolutionary hero who was killed by the Kuomintang like Su Zhaozheng. They were buried together and were revered and admired by the people.If they knew that Zhang Xiyuan was the wife of Deng Xiaoping, the second largest capitalist roader who has been deposed, not only would they not bury her, but they would not know how much class hatred they would have to dispose of Zhang Xiyuan’s remains as a token of respect for Deng Xiaoping. thorough criticism.It is also possible that, somewhere in the dark, there is really some power that protected Zhang Xiyuan's remains in such a mysterious way during those crazy and chaotic years.When Zhang Xiyuan was studying at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, she once took a group photo with her twenty-odd female classmates in a nursing home outside Moscow.Zhang Xiyuan in the photo has a dignified and beautiful face, extremely neatly trimmed short hair that reaches the ears, and an intimate gesture standing with his female companions, all of which give people a sense of innocence, naturalness, and generosity.Who can tell from the photos that this young girl-like Communist Party member has been tempered by several revolutionary struggles and is quite calm and skilled?Zhang Xiyuan sent this photo to her family in China.It was not until 1978 that Shanghai Longhua Revolutionary Cemetery found this precious photo from her relatives—it was also the only photo of Zhang Xiyuan in his short 24-year career.Now, this photo is properly inlaid on the tombstone of martyr Zhang Xiyuan in Shanghai Longhua Cemetery.Zhang Xiyuan, together with Su Zhaozheng, Luo Yinong, Gu Zhenghong and other revolutionary martyrs, lay peacefully among the green pines and green cypresses. In people's minds, 24-year-old Zhang Xiyuan is forever young and never gets old.Around her, there seems to be a mysterious and hazy halo, which will arouse people's many reveries and memories.Deng Xiaoping once said with emotion and thought to his children: "Zhang Xiyuan is rare and beautiful."