Chapter 46 Stationed in Yan'an

After the Xi'an Incident broke out, the Northeast Army originally in Yan'an withdrew to Xi'an.According to the agreement reached by the two parties, the Red Army took over Yan'an (formerly known as Fushi). On December 13, 1936, Commander Huang Chunpu (Jianghua) followed the instructions of the Central Committee and led Zhang Guotao's pistol company and about 400 people from the Northern Shaanxi Red Regiment to the north gate of Yan'an City on December 15.At this time, there were still Kuomintang local armed forces in the city. In order to avoid misunderstandings and conflicts, the Red Army immediately decided to camp outside the north gate.

On December 17, after Zhou Enlai and his party flew to Xi'an to resolve the incident, Gao Jinshang, the county magistrate of the Kuomintang, invited the Red Army into the city for dinner.Before the meal was used up, Li Zhongying, who worked in the elders' association in the city, hinted to Huang Chunpu that he should guard against the anti-communist elements of the Kuomintang to make trouble during the meal.Commander Huang Chunpu, head of the regiment Huang Luobin, and political commissar Zhong Yushan (Zhong Hui) left immediately with excuses.After returning to the station, Huang Chunpu and Chief of Staff Chen Youcai agreed overnight: If the Kuomintang's local armed forces still do not retreat tomorrow, they will seize by force.

That night, some troops were sent to occupy Qingliang Mountain outside the east gate, and some troops occupied Baota Mountain and West Mountain outside the south gate. In the early morning of the 18th, I received news from Li Zhongying that all the Kuomintang troops in the city had been withdrawn, and the county magistrate Gao led the militia group out of the east gate in the middle of the night.Huang Chunpu ordered the troops to quickly guard the South Gate, East Gate, and North Gate of Yan'an.After dawn, the Red Army entered Yan'an City from the north gate. After the Red Army entered the city, according to the order of the Military Commission, the Yan'an City Defense Command was quickly established.In order to maintain social order, a "Announcement for the People" was posted, announcing the policies of our party and our army.Soon, the Party Central Committee sent Wang Guanlan to Yan'an with a working group.Subsequently, Huang Lin, head of the Central Security Corps, led the security forces into Yan'an to prepare for the Party Central Committee's entry into Yan'an.

After the Xi'an Incident, the central government adopted a policy of peaceful settlement, but some comrades in the Red Army Zhidan's organization and the Red Army University did not understand this. On December 26, Mao Zedong went to the playground of the Red Army University in Qianqiao, south of the city, to give a report on the "Xi'an Incident" to the members of the Red Army and government officials. reason.Mao Zedong said: "Under the current situation, killing Chiang Kai-shek will make the domestic situation more complicated and chaotic, which is beneficial to Japanese imperialism. What's more, if one Chiang Kai-shek is killed, there will be a second or third Chiang Kai-shek. Why can’t we do one capture and one attack on Chiang Kai-shek?” Mao Zedong also used the analogy of a donkey going up a mountain: “There are a lot of donkeys in northern Shaanxi, and there are three ways to get a donkey up a mountain: one pull, two push, three Fight. Chiang Kai-shek is unwilling to fight the war, so we use the method to deal with the donkey: pull him, push him, and beat him if he doesn't do it. This is the policy of our party to force Chiang to fight the war. The cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party is the general trend, but the donkey will Those who kick people, we have to beware of them, so we have to unite and fight."

Mao Zedong's vivid speeches gave everyone a leap in thinking, and they looked forward with confidence to the coming of the united anti-Japanese war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. On December 27, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting of the Politburo in Zhidan on the Xi'an Incident.Mao Zedong made a report and conclusion at the meeting, and spoke highly of the significance of the Xi'an Incident.He said: "As far as the civil war is concerned, ten years of civil war, what will end the civil war? It is the Xi'an Incident. The Xi'an Incident ended the civil war, which is the beginning of the War of Resistance." "The Xi'an Incident reduced Chiang Kai-shek's status, while ours Our status has improved. We actually gained a leading position in the Xi'an Incident. We should take advantage of this favorable situation to expand the national situation, expand the Red Army, unite with Zhang and Yang more, and become the core of the resistance against Japan. This is our current task. Our specific strategy is to promote the left, win over the center, and attack the right." "Consolidate the Northwest Base Area, expand the Red Army and the Soviet Area, and transform the Northeast Army and the Northwest Army. Doing a good job in the work of the masses across the country and organizing the masses is the focus of our work. "Attention should be paid to propaganda work, and the party newspaper should be run. To train cadres, we must run party schools and Red Army schools to train the four kinds of talents of the masses, military, party, and politics. We should urge the Kuomintang to hold a national salvation meeting in three months."

On December 28, Mao Zedong issued the "Statement on Chiang Kai-shek's Statement" in Zhidan, pointing out: "Chiang Kai-shek accepted the request of the Second General Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng, and the people in the Northwest to resist Japan in Xi'an, and first ordered the troops engaged in the civil war to withdraw from Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. This is the beginning of Chiang Kai-shek's transformation of his erroneous policy of ten years." The "Statement" refuted Chiang Kai-shek's rumor that the "Xi'an Incident" was surrounded by "reactionaries", and analyzed various factors that contributed to the Xi'an Incident.He demanded that Chiang Kai-shek fulfill his promise "without compromising", hoping to "wash away the dirt of the Kuomintang's ten-year reactionary policy, completely change his basic mistakes of retreating from the outside world, using troops at home, and oppressing the people, and immediately embark on the path of uniting all parties. All factions united in the anti-Japanese front."

During the long-term practice of armed revolution, Mao Zedong produced rich and unique thoughts. During the period when Zhidan established his capital, he wrote his most important book "Strategic Issues in China's Revolutionary War". Before the Xi'an Incident, he completed the writing of the first five chapters , that is, Chapter One: How to Study War; Chapter Two: The Communist Party of China and China’s Revolutionary War; Chapter Three: Characteristics of China’s Revolutionary War; Chapter Four: “Encirclement and Suppression” and Countering “Encirclement and Suppression”—the main forms of Chinese Civil War ; Chapter Five: Strategic Defense.Originally planned to write seven chapters, the remaining strategic offensive, political work and other issues had no time to write because of the "Xi'an Incident".In the process of writing this work, Mao Zedong used its content as a teaching material to give lectures to the Red Army University many times. First published in mimeograph in May 1937.

"Strategic Issues in China's Revolutionary War" is a summary of ten years of civil war experience and the result of a great debate on military issues within the party at that time.This book clarifies the Marxist view of war, discusses the importance and urgency of the absolute leadership of the Communist Party of China in China's revolutionary war, and focuses on criticizing the "Left" errors within the party on the issue of the revolutionary war from 1931 to 1934. Systematically explained various issues related to the strategy of China's revolutionary war, and made theoretical preparations for the formulation of the strategic issue of the War of Resistance Against Japan.Based on various social, economic and political conditions in China, this book analyzes the laws and characteristics of China's revolutionary war from small to large, and the victory of the weak against the strong. The strategy and tactics characteristic of China's Revolutionary War.The book describes the principles of the line and tactics of the people's war.The main ones are: to master the long-term and repeated laws of "encirclement and suppression" and counter-"encirclement and suppression"; to adopt a war policy of active defense; to retreat and lure the enemy in depth in order to attack under certain conditions; to implement the method of concentrating forces to defeat the enemy and win The Red Army should use mobile warfare as the main form of warfare; strategic protracted warfare, campaigns and quick-decision warfare should be adopted, and annihilation warfare should be regarded as a fundamental guiding ideology of the Red Army's operations. "Strategic Issues in China's Revolutionary War" contains rich philosophical ideas, established the historical status of Mao Zedong's military thought in China's military theory, and systematically established a set of strategic theories for China's revolutionary war, which is very important for guiding China's revolutionary war to achieve complete victory. ,It played an important role.Based on this, it has influenced and formed the military cultural thought of contemporary China.

On the evening of January 9, 1937, Mao Zedong sent a telegram to Zhou Enlai, Bogu, Peng Dehuai, Ren Bishi and other comrades, informing them that they would leave Baoan and enter Yan'an on January 10. On January 10, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhang Guotao and other leaders set off from Zhidan mountain city with the central government.The streets were full of mules and horses consigning goods. The government staff and Red Army soldiers all loaded their luggage and walked out of the south gate in an orderly procession amidst the sound of bugles.The common people who heard the news stood by the road outside the south gate, some brought boiled eggs in porcelain basins, and enthusiastically stuffed them into their pockets; Go up; some carry cloth bags full of buckwheat nests and give them to government officials as dry food on the road.Someone simply set up a big pot on the side of the road, warmed up rice wine, and let these people who traveled far away drink a bowl to warm their bodies before they went on the road.This situation touched many cadres of the central government. With tears in their eyes, they waved their hands frequently to bid farewell.Goodbye Hongdu!Goodbye, dear ones!

Facing the farewell crowd, Mao Zedong said affectionately: Zhidan Mountain is good, the water is good, and the people are even better.Zhu De said: The mountain is safe and secure.Then, the team entered the ditch from the front bridge of the security guard, and marched over the mountain on the snow-capped Liangmao. Zhidan mountain city became empty.The leaders are gone, the government staff are gone, and the high-spirited singing is also taken away by them, but this hot land will always remember the unforgettable years. In the evening, the staff of the central government arrived at Siertai Village, Houshi Township, Zhidan County to rest and camp.

Old man Yang Jingui recalled: "That day, there were so many people, and the ditches and valleys were full of teams. The village couldn't accommodate so many people. In the cold weather, piles of bonfires were lit on the road and on the hillside. Soldiers gathered around to keep warm, and the sky and the earth were brightly lit." Mao Zedong lived in a cave to the west of Yang Jingui's home.A group of guards also lit a fire in the yard, talking and laughing around to keep warm.He Zizhen lives with her newborn "Mao Jiaojiao" and Yang Jingui in a wooden house with a slate roof to the east of her house. It seems that He Zizhen is short of milk and the baby is always crying.It happened that Yang Jingui also gave birth to a child less than a year ago and had enough milk. She wanted to feed "Mao Jiaojiao" with her own milk, but she was afraid that this heroic female chief would dislike her, so she dared not speak out her thoughts.Seeing the baby crying, Yang Jingui couldn't help it anymore, and mustered up the courage to tell He Zizhen: "The baby may be very hungry, and I have a lot of milk, can you let me feed the baby?" Unexpectedly, He Zizhen not only did not dislike her, And she was overjoyed, and thanked her repeatedly in the southern dialect she couldn't understand, and said: It couldn't be better, it couldn't be better. Old man Yang Jingui will never forget this night.She fed the lovely "Mao Jiaojiao" enough milk, and "Mao Jiaojiao" fell asleep peacefully.Yang Jingui felt a sense of accomplishment in her heart. She helped the female Red Army with her own milk and fed this lovely child. In the middle of the night, Yang Jingui heard someone stamping their feet in the yard, saying, "It's burning, it's burning."Yang Jingui went out and saw that a baby guard was holding a quilt in his hand, and the quilt had been burned to pieces a black hole the size of a washbasin.The guard was ashamed and uneasy, not knowing what to do.At this time, Mao Zedong from the kiln?Tongli came out to comfort the guards and said: Don't be afraid, don't be afraid, let's sew it up and mend it, it can still be used!It turned out that Mao Zedong had to stay up late at night to work. The guards were afraid that Mao Zedong would be cold, so they kept burning fire in the kang hole. The next day, the team left after breakfast.Only then did Yang Jingui know that Chairman Mao lived in her home, and the female Red Army soldier who slept with her on the kang was He Zizhen. On the 13th, Huang Lin, head of the Central Security Corps, Cao Huashan, director of the Yan'an Anti-Japanese Salvation Association, Ma Shengyou, and Gao Yongxiang, deputy directors, led some representatives of the masses to the intersection of Yangjiawan, about 10 miles away from Yan'an City, to welcome the Party Central Committee to station in Yan'an.Outside the north gate of Yan'an City, more than 2,000 local people and representatives from neighboring counties lined up on both sides of the road, holding colorful flags, waiting to welcome the central leadership and comrades from the central government. At about 3 p.m., Commander-in-Chief Zhu De led the Red Army into Yan'an City first.An hour later, Mao Zedong, Zhang Guotao and other central leaders crossed the frozen Yanhe River from Yangjiawan, and then walked along the road to the entrance of Dabiangou. They dismounted and walked, waving to the welcoming people as they walked. Yan'an has since become the holy land of the Chinese revolution.The Party Central Committee led the Chinese people in Yan'an to carry out the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation, promoted the construction of the Party, and comprehensively carried out the construction of new democratic politics, economy, and culture, providing extremely valuable experience for the governance of the whole country after liberation.The Party Central Committee has trained a large number of outstanding talents in Yan'an, and formed the Yan'an spirit with far-reaching significance in the difficult environment.In particular, Mao Zedong Thought gradually matured, which affected the development of the whole party, the whole army and even the Chinese society after the founding of the People's Republic of China.