Chapter 4 yu

Duhe, blowing the commanders and fighters in single clothes.The cold was very heavy, and we looked back at the crowd on the other side holding lanterns and torches to see the Red Army off, and we couldn't help feeling warm in our hearts. Under the cover of thick night, the Red Army bid farewell to the masses and relatives in the base area, and began the difficult 25,000-mile long march. In the Long March team, there was a man named Jia Tuofu from northern Shaanxi. He was born in Shenmu County, northern Shaanxi in 1912. He devoted himself to the revolution at the age of 16. Secretary of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, he successively organized and participated in activities such as the Pucheng mutiny, the armed struggle in southern Shaanxi, and the establishment of the 29th Red Army.After the destruction of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, Jia Tuofu successively reported to the Northern Bureau of the Communist Party of China and the Shanghai Bureau. minister.He is the only person from northern Shaanxi who participated in the entire Long March.

When the Red Army broke through the three blockade lines, after the bloody Xiangjiang River battle, and broke through the enemy's fourth blockade line, the Central Red Army paid a heavy price.The 86,000 people at the start of the Long March were reduced to more than 30,000, and they were in a predicament of being wiped out by the enemy.Therefore, according to Mao Zedong's suggestion, they marched westward and captured Liping County, Guizhou in one fell swoop.Here, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a meeting and decided to break through the siege of the Kuomintang army and establish a base on the border of Sichuan and Guizhou.This is the second time the Central Red Army has determined its foothold.

On January 3, 1935, the Red Army broke through the natural barrier of the Wujiang River and occupied Zunyi City in northern Guizhou.From the 15th to the 17th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of historic significance here, criticizing the strategic mistakes of Bogu (Qin Bangxian) and Li De in the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, and ending the "Left" deviation Adventurous militaristic leadership, abolition of the original highest decision-making body "three-person group" (Bogu, Li De, Zhou Enlai), and cancellation of Bogu and Li De's military command.The military was commanded by Zhu De, the head of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, and Zhou Enlai, and Zhou Enlai was entrusted by the party to be responsible for the final decision on the military.Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Interim Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic, was co-elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Politburo, and he was a supporter of Zhou Enlai's military command.The Zunyi Conference corrected the abnormal situation of democratic life within the party, got rid of the intervention and shackles of the Communist International, which did not really understand the situation in China, and ensured the implementation of the correct line and policies.The Zunyi Conference became a life-and-death turning point in the history of the party.According to the military situation, the meeting changed the resolution of the Liping meeting and decided that the Red Army would cross the Yangtze River north and establish bases in western Sichuan or northwestern Sichuan.This is the third time the Party Central Committee has determined the foothold.

On February 5, 1935, the Central Red Army marched to Shuitianzhai, Weixin County, Yunnan Province, the "three provinces of chicken crowing". According to the resolution of the Zunyi Meeting, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee discussed the division of labor among the Standing Committee. Zhang Wentian was appointed as the General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee. At the same time, a decision was made to revoke Bogu's position as the general manager and remain on the Standing Committee of the Central Committee. In the frantic siege and interception of the Kuomintang army, it could be realized, so the central government decided to move to Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou to settle down and set a foothold.After several efforts, the Central Red Army's plan to cross the Yangtze River to the north was difficult to establish a new Soviet area.This is the fourth time that under the command of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other leaders, the Central Red Army moved to Yunguichuan, crossed the Chishui River four times, crossed the Jinsha River skillfully, forcibly crossed the Dadu River, captured the Luding Bridge, and crossed Jiajin Mountain. In mid-June, he successfully joined forces with the Red Fourth Front Army in the Maogong area of ​​Sichuan.At a meeting held at Lianghekou in the north of Maogong, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee rejected Zhang Guotao's claim to go west to Sichuan and Kang, and decided to concentrate the main force to attack north, acquire southern Gansu, and establish bases in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu.This is the fifth time the Party Central Committee has determined the foothold.At this time, Zhang Guotao supported the self-respect of the army and disagreed with the central government's proposition, which led to the cancellation of the plan to settle in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu.

After the Central Red Army and the Fourth Red Army broke up, they continued to go north, crossing the perilous Songpan grassland, poultry and wild vegetables, chewing grass roots, overcoming unimaginable difficulties, and entering Diebu County, Gansu.The Political Bureau of the Central Committee held an enlarged meeting in the Russian border to reorganize the various units of the Central Red Army into the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. Peng Dehuai was the commander, Lin Biao was the deputy commander, Mao Zedong was the political commissar, Wang Jiaxiang was the director of the Political Department, and Yang Shangkun was the deputy director.Composed of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Peng Dehuai, Lin Biao, and Wang Jiaxiang, the five-member regiment was in charge of military leadership; the meeting unanimously agreed with Mao Zedong's proposal: continue to go north, use guerrilla warfare to open up links with the Communist International through Northeast Gansu and Northern Shaanxi, and in border areas close to the Soviet Union Establish a base.This is the sixth time the Party Central Committee has determined the foothold.