Chapter 109 Wu Zuguang became the "commander" of the "small family" group

In the drama world, playwright Wu Zuguang became a key figure in the "Anti-Rightist Movement". Wu Zuguang, born in Beijing in 1917, was born in Wujin, Jiangsu.In 1941, he was widely praised for writing the drama "Returning on a Snowy Night". In 1945, when Wu Zuguang edited the supplement "Western Night Story" of the private newspaper "Xinmin Daily Evening" in Chongqing, he did something that caused a sensation in the mountain city.However, this incident was only a sensation, and Wu Zuguang's key role behind the scenes is unknown: it was when he saw Mao Zedong's "Qinyuanchun·Snow" at Mr. Wang Kunlun's place, and immediately copied it. , and decided to publish it in the supplement of "Western Night Tales".When it was published, he changed the title to "Mao Shi · Qin Yuan Chun" and signed it "Mao Runzhi".This is the first time that Mao Zedong's masterpiece was published publicly, which caused a sensation in Chongqing...

Wu Ying, Wu Zuguang's father, was a scholar who wrote "Chinese Literature and Law" and edited "Forbidden City Weekly".Wu Zuguang's wife, Xin Fengxia, is a well-known drama actor, and people love to talk about her role as Liu Qiaoer.Wu Zuqiang, Wu Zuguang's younger brother, is a musician and once served as the dean of the Central Conservatory of Music. In the "anti-rightist movement", Wu Zuguang would be labeled as the "commander" of the "small family group", which he never dreamed of! It was probably influenced by the "anti-Hu Feng" movement in 1955, when the so-called "Hu Feng counter-revolutionary clique" (originally called the "Hu Feng anti-party clique") was exposed, so in the "anti-rightist movement" In the middle of the night, the "small cliques" were caught everywhere.When criticizing Wu Zuguang, the so-called "small family" group was exposed.

On September 10, 1957, the "People's Daily" published the article "On Small Groups" signed by "Shanbai", which actually carried out a "theoretical discussion" on the "small group phenomenon". At the beginning of "On Small Groups", it discusses the universality of "small groups": When the anti-rightist struggle is carried out more extensively and deeply, just like the situation of several political and ideological struggles in the past, each locality and each unit often finds that there is one or even several small groups among them.Each small group has a leader and a "goal of struggle", with different names and forms, but the secrets of action are the same.When the Hu Feng counter-revolutionary group was eliminated, such organizations were discovered, such as "reading clubs" and "literary clubs".During this movement, many rightist cliques were discovered. In the literature and art circles alone, there are Ding and Chen's group, Jiangfeng's group, Wu Zuguang's "small family" group, and the "Katyusha" group of the Academy of Drama. " group, Changchun Film Studio's "Xiaobailou" group, and such groups as "social news", "citizen's evening newspaper", literary or artistic "fan publications" and so on.These cliques are not open, a school of literature and art, or a school of science, but a sectarian combination with ulterior motives.

Then, the article "On Small Groups" pointed out the characteristics of "small groups": "The members of these cliques all have a common characteristic, that is, they oppose the leadership and resist ideological remolding. Whether they are party members or non-party members, they all have serious bourgeois individualism." Affected by the ethos of "digging out" the so-called "small cliques", "Wu Zuguang's small family clique" was "digged out".On September 16, 1957, "People's Daily" published a report: "Small Clan's Big Conspiracy and Wu Zuguang Reactionary Clique Completely Revealed" reported:

The "Little Family" rightist group under the command of Wu Zuguang was fully and thoroughly exposed and criticized at the four conferences held in Beijing from the 6th to the 13th in Beijing's drama and film circles, and now it has all been exposed. The "little family" is a young "team" of Wu Zuguang's rightist clique. It was secretly organized in 1951. It was exposed during the anti-revolutionary movement, and it revived after the anti-revolutionary movement. This small rightist group gathered a group of literary and artistic youths who claimed to be "child prodigies" and "talented scholars" who were dissatisfied with reality, and were distributed in drama, film, literature, fine arts, and publishing.They have a strict organization and division of labor.Wu Zuguang is the "parent" and gives orders from the commanding position.Du Gao (Editor of Drama Publishing House) was revered as "Political Commissar", Wang Ming (Editor of "Script" Monthly Magazine) was in charge of internal affairs, Tian Zhuang (Editor of Beiying Film), Tao Ye (cadre of Foreign Cultural Relations Bureau) and others were in charge of foreign affairs.

There is a set of family rules and slang in the "little family".They have to have their own set of "genius" and "political standards" to recruit members, such as dissatisfaction with the party, etc., and they have to go through examination and approval.Whenever the admission of new clan members is approved, the whole family will hold a banquet and "toast to the common cause of the family" at the banquet. Seriously, the report linked the "little family" with the "Hu Feng counter-revolutionary clique": This "small family" has completely inherited the mantle of Hu Feng's counter-revolutionary clique, and has always established contact with Lu Ling, a key member of Hu Feng.Before the anti-revolutionary movement, the Hu Feng counter-revolutionary group often used Lu Ling to instigate the leading elements of the "small family" to cooperate in some major events.

In fact, the so-called "small family group" is purely non-existent.The largest "group" exposed in the "Anti-Rightist Movement" - "Zhangluo League" does not exist, and all kinds of "small groups" are also cases of grievances. Wu Zuguang sighed deeply about what happened to him in 1957.He said: "Poor me, because of my ignorance in politics, I have been fooled a lot by judging the truth against the false, and the sincerity against the deceitful."① Among the articles criticizing Wu Zuguang one after another, the author noticed a critical article written by Mr. Lao She.Mr. Lao She's achievements in literary creation are admirable, and the tragedy of "Taiping Lake" that happened during the "Cultural Revolution" is admirable, but his criticism of Wu Zuguang is so sharp, but it is regrettable.

Lao She's article criticizing Wu Zuguang was published in "People's Daily" on August 20, 1957, entitled "Why Wu Zuguang is full of resentment".This article does not seem to be that kind of coping criticism, but reveals Mr. Lao She's deep "grievance" towards Wu Zuguang: When I first heard about Wu Zuguang, I felt a little regretful.But after I read the anti-Party and anti-socialist materials about him, I was very angry and felt that it was an insult to me to know him in the past. In the past two days, I have often thought about this question: Why did Wu Zuguang become like this?After much deliberation, I remembered a phrase often used in "Liao Zhai", "The best young master in troubled times".In the filthy old society, it was these beautiful "good sons" who did bad and dirty things.In "Liao Zhai", such a person hopes that the fox will turn into a beautiful woman and sleep with him.They think that all stinking things are fun, and everything is for their own enjoyment.Wu Zuguang is exactly such a person.

Mr. Lao She recalled the past and mentioned the "stinky urine pool": I know that Wu Zuguang often went to Guanghe Building to listen to operas when he was young.At that time, there was a stinky urine pool outside the theater, and there was a bean curd stand beside the pool.Wu Zuguang admired the tofu nao here, the stinky urinal beside him, and the beaten and irritated students standing beside him.He doesn't care how stinky the urinal is, and he doesn't care how painful the elementary school students who are beaten and scolded are, anyway, it's others who suffer, and it's himself who appreciates it.Indeed, he appreciates these things very much, and he thinks they are very poetic.It can be seen that Wu Zuguang has no right or wrong in his heart.Because he doesn't distinguish between right and wrong, he also abuses our society for not distinguishing right from wrong.

Mr. Lao She even said that Wu Zuguang's spiritual world is "shitholes, maggots, and ghosts and snakes": When Wu Zuguang saw that there were no cesspit, maggots, or abused elementary school students at the entrance of the theater in our society, he thought that our society was not interesting and restricted his freedom.I have read all of his recent articles, all of which attack and slander the new society. He is hostile to the new society. He wants to break out of this "cage" and find his spiritual world.And his spiritual world is cesspit, maggots, and ghosts and snakes. However, it is a pity that our society is a society of right and wrong, a society of freedom and equality, and without the "freedom" of Wu Zuguang, it cannot satisfy his taste.

After Wu Zuguang was labeled as a "rightist", he was sent to the Great Northern Wilderness to supervise labor, and he really became a "returner on a snowy night". Although in 1961, he finally became a "rightist who took off his hat".But during the "Cultural Revolution", he became a "gangster" again.This time, the so-called "second-rate hall" was "pushed out" and Wu Zuguang was brought in again. "People's Daily" published a critical article signed by "Nan Weidong", titled "Smashing the "Second Class Hall" of China's Phytofi Club", which scolded Wu Zuguang. It was not until February 1979 that Wu Zuguang's "rightist" problem was corrected.In June of this year, the unjust case of the so-called "Er Liu Tang" was also vindicated. In 1988, Wu Zuguang made a rather profound statement from a historical perspective: After the founding of New China and entering the 1950s, the relationship between the party and intellectuals gradually changed.The critiques of "A Study of A Dream of Red Mansions", "The Biography of Wu Xun", and "Hu Feng" gradually turned into the category of political issues.In the anti-rightist struggle until 1957, in the name of calling for opinions to the party, hundreds of thousands of intellectuals who responded to the call for various opinions were brutally persecuted. Housewives were separated, families were destroyed, and became a rare human tragedy in history; although most of them were "rehabilitated" and "rectified" after decades, the huge trauma was forever irreparable.However, the "Cultural Revolution" that took place in the 1960s began with the persecution of intellectuals. Ten years of catastrophe almost brought the nation to the brink of destruction. ...The repeated brutal trampling on the dignity and even the lives of Chinese intellectuals is really heartbreaking and heartbreaking. ... China's history can show that intellectuals are the main force in building a country.Qin Shihuang burned books and buried Confucianism, but he died in the second generation.Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty also knew that "he won the world immediately", but he could not "govern the world immediately".Song Taizu had to rely on half of the world to rule the world.In modern times, most of the Kuomintang member Sun Yat-sen who overthrew the Manchu Qing government, his comrades-in-arms, and the 72 Huanghuagang martyrs who died heroically were intellectuals.Most of the founders of the Communist Party of China and the leaders of New China were intellectuals.Besides, Marx, Engels, Lenin, which one is not an intellectual?All the realities of life in ancient and modern China and abroad cannot draw the conclusion of hatred of intellectuals. ①