Chapter 93 Dr. Wang Zaoshi became a "Doctor of Review"

In Shanghai, Wang Zaoshi is another fellow who has a fellowship with Luo Longji and is a classmate.Mao Zedong also named Wang Zaoshi at the Shanghai cadre meeting. Chen Renbing and Peng Wen should be criticized as the "chief elements" of the "Zhangluo Alliance" in Shanghai.Wang Zaoshi has no party or affiliation, and is a person without party affiliation. Before the "Anti-Rightist Movement", Wang Zaoshi was much more famous than Chen Renbing and Peng Wenying, because Wang Zaoshi was one of the "Seven Gentlemen" of that year: in November 1936, the Kuomintang authorities Seven leaders of the All-China National Salvation Federation, Shen Junru, Zhang Naiqi, Zou Taofen, Li Gongpu, Shi Liang, Wang Zaoshi, and Sha Qianli were arrested in Shanghai, and then transferred to custody in Suzhou.When the news came out, the whole country was outraged, and it was known as the "Seven Gentlemen Incident" in history.

Mr. Zou Taofen once described Wang Zaoshi at that time in his book "Experience": Among our "difficult brothers and sisters", there is a fat younger brother - Dr. Wang.This fat younger brother looks so fat, white, and amiable!His temperament is so innocent, honest and honest!Anyone who has ever been friends with our fat brother can probably get such an impression. The first time I met Zaoshi was half the time when I knew Naiqi, five years ago; but the situation when he came to see me was somewhat similar to that of Naiqi.At that time, he was the dean of the Faculty of Arts at Guanghua University. He came to Life Weekly to discuss with me about registering his semi-monthly "Freedom of Speech".Later, when the civil rights protection alliance led by Mr. Cai Zimin and others held a meeting, I met him for the second time.There was no chance to meet again until the end of the year before last (1935) when the Shanghai Cultural Salvation Association held its inaugural meeting, and he attended the meeting while helping his illness, and happened to sit next to me, and we met for the third time.He told me that the national crisis was so serious that even though he was sick, he had to reluctantly attend.He also got up at the meeting and said a few passionate words; he said that if he wants to organize to save the country, he must first have the determination to prepare to go to prison, and now he himself has gone to prison.

Zou Taofen admired Wang Zaoshi's character very much.He wrote a very poignant review: Dr. Wang has the opportunity to be an official many times, but because he is loyal to his own ideas, he refuses to accommodate casually. He prefers to live a life of poverty and do what he wants. This is very admirable. Zou Taofen called Wang Zaoshi "Dr. Wang" because Wang Zaoshi went to the University of Wisconsin to study in the United States in 1925 after graduating from Tsinghua University, and received a doctorate in political science in 1929. As one of the "Seven Gentlemen", Wang Zaoshi stood in the camp of left-wing intellectuals.In the struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Wang Zaoshi was an ally of the CCP, and he was even included in the assassination list by Kuomintang agents.In 1933, he joined the China Civil Rights Protection League organized by Soong Ching Ling and Lu Xun. In 1935, he served as the executive director and director of the Propaganda Department of the National Salvation Association.

Wang Zaoshi and Luo Longji had a deep friendship.In his "Autobiography", he once had a very interesting description: On March 19, 1948, Wang Zaoshi and Luo Longji attended Tian Han's 50th birthday party at Xinghualou, Fuzhou Road, Shanghai.When the banquet was over, Luo Longji and Wang Zaoshi walked out of the gate together.Luo Longji asked where Wang Zaoshi was going?Wang Zaoshi said, if you go to the right, you will walk to the Huangpu River; if you go forward in the middle, you will be crushed to death by a car when you reach the center of the road; you should turn left and go to the racetrack.

When Luo Longji heard Wang Zaoshi's funny words about "left, center and right", he smiled knowingly... Although Wang Zaoshi "turned to the left", in 1957 he was still labeled as an "extreme rightist".Just look through the Shanghai newspapers at that time, and the headlines in big letters are shocking: June 17, "Shanghai legal circles refute Wang Zaoshi"; June 18, "Shanghai Legal Scholars List Facts, Exposing Wang Zaoshi's Bad Intentions"; On June 23, "If you don't win a complete victory, you will never withdraw troops. The anti-rightist struggle in Shanghai colleges and universities is huge. Wang Zaoshi, Xu Zhongnian, etc. were hit head-on and isolated";

June 26, "Interrogating Wang Zaoshi"; On June 27, Whose Interests Does Wang Zaoshi Represent? "; June 29th, "Fudan Teachers and Students Warn Rightists to Wang Zaoshi and Others to Seriously Check and Be Honest"; July 4th, "Fudan's Anti-Rightist Struggle is Massive, Wang Zaoshi's False Review Was Debunked on the Spot", "Seeing Wang Zaoshi's Appearance"; July 9, "Workers' blood fattened Wang Zaoshi"; ... In fact, Wang Zaoshi's so-called "rightist" speech is a kind and profound criticism of the CCP: Of course everyone understands the principles of "Speak everything you know, and say everything you say" and "He who speaks is innocent, but he who hears it is a warning", but it is not easy to practice.To use a metaphor that may be nondescript, it is not easy to be Tang Taizong, but it is even more difficult to be Wei Zheng.It is rare for Tang Taizong to have a high degree of political accomplishment to be open-minded; to be Wei Zheng is not to have a high degree of loyalty to the cause of the people, and it is easier to worry about slander and ridicule.I think that there may be many cadres at all levels within the party who are like Tang Taizong, but there are very few outside the party who are like Wei Zheng. ①

Facing fierce criticism, Wang Zaoshi argued and refuted.On July 4, 1957, Shanghai's "Wen Wei Po" reported Wang Zaoshi's speech at the Fudan University criticism meeting in this way: "During the course of this anti-rightist struggle, it is difficult for me to say that I am anti-party and anti-socialist. Because I think I am giving opinions to the party and want to help the party improve what I think is dissatisfied. I have no objection. The party's anti-socialist attempts. I support the party, and I support socialism...” However, in the years when the "left" star shined brightly, Wang Zaoshi's defense was submerged in the torrent of "great criticism".

The author interviewed Zheng Yuxiu, wife of Wang Zaoshi, three times on September 12, 14, and 17, 1985. She showed me a large stack of manuscripts of Wang Zaoshi's "Review Letter", which shocked me.It is reported that when Wang Zaoshi was writing the "review letter", he clipped a piece of carbon paper and left a draft.These manuscripts were handed over to Zheng Yuxiu when the "spatial materials" were returned after the "Cultural Revolution", but many have been lost. These remaining "review books", I have compiled the following very incomplete catalog in chronological order.From this directory, it can be seen that "Dr. Wang" has become a "doctor of review".Some "review books" are even as long as 10,000 words, enough to produce a "Review Collection of Dr. Wang Zaoshi":

"Second Inspection" on August 10, 1957; "Inspection at the Culture Club" August 14, 1957; August 24, 1957, "Inspection on the Preparations for the Second People's Congress of the Second Shanghai Municipal People's Congress"; December 1, 1957 "Sincerely apply to go to the countryside to participate in physical labor to reform oneself"; December 18, 1957, "Accounting for the Process of Torn Up Letters"; "My Confession", December 31, 1957; "I Confess My Crime" January 17, 1958; "Reconstruction Plan" of January 20, 1959;

April 26, 1959, "Summary of Studying "Theory of Practice" (Contrast Check)"; June 10, 1959, "Summary of Studying "Theory of Contradiction" (Contrast Check)"; July 16, 1959, "Study Summary of Socialism College (Sixth Class, Second Group, Wang Zaoshi)"; September 6, 1959 "Ideological Report--Changes in Feelings towards the Party"; "Reconstruction Plan" on September 6, 1959; September 20, 1959, "Thought Report-On Three Matters"; September 26, 1959 "Self-Reform in the Past Two Years"; November 6, 1959, "Thought Report--Feelings in the Anti-Right Devotional Motivation Movement";

December 8, 1959, "Ideological Report--Pull Your Efforts, Intensify Reform, and Strive not to Wear the Rightist Hat for the New Year"; December 31, 1959, "Summary of Thoughts in the Half Year"; "Thought Report" on January 14, 1960; January 21, 1960, "Speech at the Appraisal Meeting of the Institute of Socialism"; November 15, 1960, "Report on Thoughts After Removing the Hat"; "Thought Report" on December 18, 1960; April 26, 1961 "Summary of Thoughts Since Removing the Rightist Hat" ... When Wang Zao was unlucky, he was unlucky.Family misfortune and political misfortune tormented him together: His first wife, Zhu Xiufang, died of illness in 1956; The eldest son, Wang Juntao, suffered from mental illness since 1946; The second son Wang Junshu, a student of the Western Language Department of Peking University, suffered from mental illness since 1956 and died in early 1969; The elder Wang Hairuo, joined the CCP in Shanghai in March 1949, was persuaded to quit the party in 1950, dismissed from public office in 1955, and died in 1959; The second queen, Hairong, was most favored by Wang Zaoshi because her brothers and sisters all had rough fates.Unexpectedly, in 1957, when she was studying in the Physics Department of Fudan University, she became a "big rightist" at Fudan University because of her father, Wang Zaoshi.She died in 1973. After Wang Zaoshi was labeled as an "extreme rightist", he was sent to Zhuanqiao, a suburb of Shanghai, where he "reflected" while working.In Zhuanqiao, Wang Zaoshi was in extreme pain, because the Shanghai Mental Hospital happened to be in Zhuanqiao, and his two sons were being hospitalized there!He went to visit from time to time, and returned with a sigh every time.After being classified as a "rightist", Wang Zaoshi was demoted and his salary was cut, and his two sons were hospitalized. The medical expenses were a heavy burden for him.Therefore, among the "rightists" in Shanghai, Wang Zaoshi had the "best" attitude.He kept writing "reviews" in order to take off his hat earlier and get rid of the economic predicament earlier... On September 29, 1960, Wang Zaoshi finally took off his "rightist" hat. When he was "studying" in Zhuanqiao, he met Li Kangnian, a "rightist classmate".Li Kangnian was labeled as a "rightist" for proposing "fixed interest rate for 20 years".Li Kangnian was very sympathetic to what happened to Wang Zaoshi.Li Kangnian introduced his niece Zheng Yuxiu to Wang Zaoshi.In this way, Wang Zaoshi married Zheng Yuxiu in 1961, and they finally had a warm family ever since. Wang Zaoshi had just taken a breath when the "Cultural Revolution" storm dragged him into the abyss of pain again.As a "rightist who took off his hat", he naturally became the first batch of impact targets of the "Cultural Revolution". On August 21, 1966, Wang Zaoshi's home was ransacked for the first time.On September 22, his home was ransacked again, and he was quarantined for inspection.For forty-two days and nights thereafter, Wang Zaoshi was criticized in turn.On November 2, he was even put into a detention center! On August 5, 1971, Wang Zaoshi died tragically in an unjust prison at the age of 68. With trembling hands, Zheng Yuxiu unwrapped a bundle and showed it to the author: A pair of cotton socks inside, with four or five patches, is a relic of Wang Zaoshi's prison; A toothbrush handle was attached to a broken plastic spoon, which was used by Wang Zaoshi for three meals a day in prison; There was blood in an old enamel jar, which was left by Wang Zaoshi's dying hemoptysis! Wang Zaoshi, one of the dignified "Seven Gentlemen", passed away so tragically due to the disaster in 1957, it makes people cry... Wang Zaoshi, who called himself a "sick man in a high-rise building", wrote a poem on August 16, 1958, expressing his heart, which is recorded below: Who would have thought that a patient in a high-rise building would toss and turn and moan, hugging alone for a day in silence.I am most afraid that the wind and rain outside the window will break the willows.The night is deep, the lights of thousands of houses are flickering, and it is even more heartbroken tonight.The past is unforgettable, and the middle pillow is completely wet.Hate the world, enjoy less and suffer more.The old grievances have not gone away, and new worries are woven again.All kinds of moods, after farewell, who to tell.Flirty people stand in the way, and hope is like a thousand mountains and rivers.I hope that after all the hardships and dangers, the east wind will bring news.Waiting to start over, clean up again, and join hands to serve the motherland.